CPC1590 Optically Isolated Gate Drive Circuit Driver Characteristics Description Parameter Rating Units Input Current 2.5 mA Switching Speed (IF=5mA, MOS Input Capacitance=4nF) tON 12 tOFF1 125 tOFF2 210 μs Features • • • • • • • • • Drives External Power MOSFET Low LED Current (2.5mA) Requires No External Power Supply Load Voltages up to 200V High Reliability Small 8-pin Surface Mount Flatpack Package Machine Insertable, Wave Solderable Tape and Reel Version Available 3750Vrms Input-to-Output Isolation Applications • • • • • • The CPC1590 accomplishes very fast MOSFET turn-on by supplying stored charge, from an external capacitor, to the MOSFET gate when input control current is applied to the device’s LED. After the MOSFET is turned on, photocurrent from the input optocoupler keeps it on for as long as sufficient input control current flows, so there is no low-frequency operating limit. When the MOSFET is turned off, the storage capacitor charges from the device’s regulated internal voltage in preparation for the next turn-on. Because it is provided in a small, 8-pin, Flatpack package and requires no separate power supply, the CPC1590 provides a flexible design solution that consumes the least amount of PCB land area. Approvals Industrial Controls Instrumentation Medical Equipment Isolation Electronic Switching I/O Subsystems Appliances Pb The CPC1590 is a MOSFET Gate Driver that requires no external power supply: it regulates the MOSFET voltage, up to 200V, down to 12.2V for internal use. It is specifically designed for low duty cycle switching frequencies that drive 4nF of gate capacitance. • UL Recognized Component File #: E76270 Ordering Information e3 RoHS 2002/95/EC Part Description CPC1590P 8-Pin Flatpack (50/Tube) CPC1590PTR 8-Pin Flatpack (1000/Reel) Figure 1. CPC1590 Block Diagram CPC1590 8 1 4 7 NC NC 5 LED + LED - DS-CPC1590 - R00B 2 3 6 PRELIMINARY VCAP VL1 VG VL2 1 CPC1590 1. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Package Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Pin Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 ESD Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 General Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Device Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 LED resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Storage Capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Transistor Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 7 8 5. CPC1590 Used as an AC Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. Manufacturing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Washing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Mechanical Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Tape and Reel Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 PRELIMINARY 9 9 9 9 9 R00B CPC1590 1. Specifications 1.1 Package Pinout N/C LED + LED N/C 1.2 Pin Description 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 VCAP VL1 VL2 VG Rating Units Blocking Voltage (VDS) 200 VP Reverse Input Voltage 5 V Input Control Current 50 mA 1 A Input Power Dissipation 20 mW Total Package Dissipation 200 mW Isolation Voltage (Input to Output) 3750 Vrms Operational Temperature -40 to +110 °C Storage Temperature -40 to +125 °C Peak (10ms) Name Description 1 - 2 LED + Positive input to LED 3 LED - Negative input to LED 4 - 5 VG Output, MOSFET Gate Control 6 VL2 -Load Voltage DC, ±Load Voltage AC 7 VL1 +Load Voltage DC, ±Load Voltage AC 8 VCAP Not connected Not connected Storage Capacitor Voltage 1.4 ESD Rating 1.3 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Pin# ESD Rating (Human Body Model) 1000 V 1.5 Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Min Max Units Load Voltage VL 15 200 V Input Control Current IF 2.5 10 mA Absolute maximum electrical ratings are at 25°C Forward Voltage Drop VF 1 1.4 V Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings. Stresses in excess of these ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation of the device at conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this data sheet is not implied. Operating Temperature TA -40 +110 °C R00B Parameter PRELIMINARY 3 CPC1590 1.6 General Conditions Unless otherwise specified, minimum and maximum values are guaranteed by production testing. provided for informational purposes only and are not part of the manufacturing testing requirements. Typical values are characteristic of the device at 25°C and are the result of engineering evaluations. They are Unless otherwise noted, all electrical specifications are listed for TA=25°C. 1.7 Electrical Specifications Parameter Conditions Symbol Min Typ 7.0 7.3 Max Units Load Side Characteristics Gate Voltage IF=2.5mA IF=5mA IF=10mA 8.0 VGS 12 7.5 8.4 4.2 - 14.4 V IF=2.5mA -40°C<TA<110°C Capacitor Voltage Gate Drive Capability 10V<VDS<200V VCAP 10 12.2 16 IF=2.5mA, VGS=0V, VCAP=15V IG_source 2 3.3 7 4.0 9.0 14 1.5 3.3 6 0.5 1.2 2 40 140 1 12 40 5 20 IF=0mA, VGS=8V, VCAP=8V IF=0mA, VGS=4V, VCAP=4V IG_sink IF=0mA, VGS=2V, VCAP=2V Turn-On Delay mA VDS=48V, VGS=4V, CVG=4nF IF=2.5mA IF=5mA tON IF=10mA Turn-Off Delay V μs VDS=48V, VGS=2V, CVG=4nF IF=2.5mA IF=5mA 110 tOFF1 40 IF=10mA 125 400 μs 600 μs 130 VDS=48V, VGS=1V, CVG=4nF IF=2.5mA IF=5mA 200 tOFF2 40 IF=10mA 210 220 VDS=200V IDS - - 1 μA Forward Voltage Drop IF=5mA VF 1 1.27 1.4 V Input Dropout Current VGS=1V IF 0.2 0.75 1 mA Reverse Bias Leakage Current VR=5V IR - - 10 μA - CI/O - 3 - pF Off-State Leakage Current LED Characteristics Common Characteristics Input to Output Capacitance 4 PRELIMINARY R00B CPC1590 1.8 Performance Data CPC1590 tON vs. Temperature (VGS=4V) 120 180 160 80 140 IF=5mA 240 60 120 IF=2.5mA 220 40 IF=5mA 100 200 20 IF=10mA 80 180 0 20 40 60 Temperature (ºC) 80 60 -40 100 CPC1590 LED Forward Voltage Drop vs. Temperature (IF=5mA) 120 1.35 110 1.30 100 0 20 40 60 Temperature (ºC) 80 50 1.05 40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Temperature (ºC) 100 30 -40 120 3.5 80 100 5.5 4.5 VGS=4V 4.0 3.5 3.0 -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature (ºC) 80 100 2.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature (ºC) 80 100 CPC1590 Gate Sink Current vs. Temperature (IF=0mA, VGS=VCAP) 3.0 IG_sink (mA) 20 40 60 Temperature (ºC) VGS=2V 60 1.10 0 5.0 70 1.15 -20 CPC1590 Gate Source Current vs. Temperature (IF=5mA, VCAP=15V) CPC1590 Time Constant (τ) vs. Temperature (IF=5mA) 80 1.20 mA I F=5 5mA . I F=2 160 -40 100 90 1.25 1.00 -40 -20 IG_source (mA) 1.40 -20 A 0m 1 I F= 260 100 0 -40 CPC1590 tOFF2 vs. Temperature (VGS=1V) 280 IF=10mA IF=2.5mA LED VF (V) CPC1590 tOFF1 vs. Temperature (VGS=2V) VGS=4V 2.5 2.0 1.5 VGS=2V 1.0 0.5 -40 R00B -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature (ºC) PRELIMINARY 80 100 5 CPC1590 2. Introduction The CPC1590 is a MOSFET Gate Driver that requires no external power supply. It can regulate an input voltage, up to 200V, down to 12.2V for internal use. It is specifically designed for low-duty-cycle switching frequencies that drive 4nF of gate capacitance. 3. Functional Description The CPC1590 is used in conjunction with a single MOSFET transistor for remote switching of DC loads (Figure 2), and two MOSFETS and a diode for remote switching of low-frequency AC loads (Figure 3) where isolated power is unavailable. The device uses external components, most notably a charge storage capacitor, to satisfy design switching and over-voltage protection requirements. Because of this design flexibility, the designer may choose a great number of MOSFETs for use in a wide variety of applications. The designer simply needs to know the MOSFET total gate charge (QG), and with this information a capacitor can be chosen. The capacitance of the storage capacitor should be greater than, or equal to, QG/0.5V. The CPC1590 has two states of operation: (1) sufficient input control current is flowing, the LED is turned on, and the gate current is being applied. The light from the LED is being reflected onto the photovoltaic, which then produces a photocurrent that turns on the NPN bipolar transistor and provides the charge (I x t = Q), or the gate current that is being applied to turn on the MOSFET. (2) Sufficient input control current is not flowing, the LED is turned off, and gate current is not flowing. The LED is off because VF << the minimum forward voltage required, and not enough current is being applied. This turns on the PNP bipolar transistor, providing a path for gate current to discharge to VL2. When VLOAD is first applied, the external storage capacitor begins to charge. The charge is sent through a bootstrap diode to prevent the charge from escaping and discharging through a turned-on MOSFET. The J-FET then regulates the voltage between 10V and 16V. The input control current is applied, then the charge is transferred from the storage capacitor through the NPN bipolar transistor, along with the charge from the photovoltaic, to the MOSFET gate to accomplish a rapid turn-on. After the capacitor has discharged and the MOSFET has turned on, the photocurrent from the input optocoupler continues to flow into the gate to keep the MOSFET turned on. When the input control current is removed, the gate current stops flowing and the PNP bipolar transistor is on and is discharging the MOSFET gate. The MOSFET is now off. At this point the capacitor begins to recharge for the next turn on cycle. The circuit below does not include over-voltage protection. Figure 2. CPC1590 DC Application Circuit CPC1590 8 1 4 7 VL1 NC NC LED - 6 LOAD CST 5 LED + VCAP +VLOAD VG 2 3 6 VL2 PRELIMINARY -VLOAD R00B CPC1590 4. Device Configuration CPC1590 8 VIN 1 4 VCAP 7 VD NC LOAD NC +VLOAD CST RLED 5 VG 2 3 6 VS 4.1 LED resistor The input resistor is required to limit LED current to a value set by Recommended Operating Conditions in “Recommended Operating Conditions” on page 3. In some cases, higher LED operating current would improve driver speed; however, this higher current could also reduce LED lifespan, which would cause reliability issues. The general equation used to calculate the resistor value is: RLED = When the LED resistor value is selected by the above formula, the RLED power dissipation, PD, can be obtained from the following equation: PD = IF2 • RLED With power dissipation calculated, it is now possible to select an appropriate resistor size that can be used in the particular application circuit. It is recommended that a resistor with at least twice the calculated power rating should be selected. VIN - (VF + VOL) 4.2 Storage Capacitor IF • IF = Input Control Current • VOL = Low-level output of the driving logic gate or the collector-emitter voltage of the driving logic transistor. (This parameter is provided in the manufacturer’s data sheet.) • VIN = Input Power Source • VF = Forward Voltage Drop of LED • RLED = Input Resistor When calculating the resistor value, the designer should take into consideration power-supply variations, which can range about ±10%, temperature variations from -40°C to +85°C, LED forward voltage drop over the temperature range, and the resistor’s tolerance and temperature stability rating. R00B -VLOAD The storage capacitor (CST) enables the gate driver to turn on a power MOSFET faster by delivering a reservoir of charge to the gate. Selection of the storage capacitor is given by the following equation: CST > QG / 0.5V This equation shows that the storage capacitor needs to deliver enough charge to the gate while only dropping 0.5V. The CPC1590 can deliver 32nC of charge at rated operating speed, and will operate with much larger loads, >4nF, with slower turn-on and turn-off times. The CPC1590 has an internal J-FET, which is used to regulate the voltage applied to the storage capacitor. The voltage applied to the storage capacitor will be PRELIMINARY 7 CPC1590 between 10V and 16V. The capacitor’s voltage rating should be two to three times this range. The designer should select the storage capacitor based on the particular application requirements. If the final product requires operating at a higher ambient temperature range of -40°C to +110°C, then it is better to select COG/NPO capacitors in order to meet minimum capacitance requirements. generated by the internal LED; to generate more voltage, the photovoltaic diodes are stacked. As such, the voltage of the photovoltaic stack reduces with increased temperature. The user must select a transistor that will maintain the load current at the maximum temperature, given the VGS in the CPC1590 specifications. 5. CPC1590 Used as an AC Switch 4.3 Transistor Selection The CPC1590 charges and discharges an external MOSFET transistor. The selection of the MOSFET is determined by the user to meet the specific power requirements for the load. The CPC1590 output voltage is listed in the specification, but, as mentioned earlier, there must be little or no gate leakage. Another parameter that plays a significant role in the selection of the transistor is the gate drive voltage available from the part. The CPC1590 uses photovoltaic cells to collect the optical energy The CPC1590 can be used in other configurations. One typical configuration is shown in Figure 3, which is called an AC Switch. This simply means that either terminal can be positive or negative. This configuration requires a second MOSFET (Q2) and two rectifying diodes (D1 and D2). The design considerations are identical for this application. Diodes D1 and D2 must have voltage ratings greater than the breakdown voltage of the MOSFETs. Figure 3. Application Circuit for Using the CPC1590 as an AC Switch CPC1590 8 VCAP 1 4 +/- VLOAD 7 VL1 NC NC LOAD D1 CST 5 VG LED + LED - Q1 2 D2 Q2 3 6 VL2 +/- VLOAD 6. Conclusion See Clare’s Application Note, AN-202, for a thorough discussion, and for examples of device usage, component selection, and over-voltage protection circuitry. 8 PRELIMINARY R00B CPC1590 7. Manufacturing Information 7.1 Soldering 7.2 Washing For proper assembly, the component must be processed in accordance with the current revision of IPC/JEDEC standard J-STD-020. Failure to follow the recommended guidelines may cause permanent damage to the device resulting in impaired performance and/or a reduced lifetime expectancy. Clare does not recommend ultrasonic cleaning or the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Pb RoHS 2002/95/EC e3 7.3 Mechanical Dimensions 8 Pin Flatpack Package 2.159 TYP. (0.085 TYP.) 2.540 ± 0.127 (0.100 ± 0.005) 6.350 ± 0.127 (0.250 ± 0.005) 9.398 ± 0.127 (0.370 ± 0.005) Recommended PCB Land Pattern 2.286 MAX. (0.090 MAX.) 2.54 (0.10) 7.620 ± 0.254 (0.300 ± 0.010) 0.635 ± 0.127 (0.025 ± 0.005) 0.203 (0.008) 8.077 ± 0.127 (0.318 ± 0.005) 8.70 (0.3425) 1.55 (0.0610) 0.65 (0.0255) 9.652 ± 0.381 (0.380 ± 0.015) 2.159 TYP. (0.085 TYP.) Dimensions mm (inches) 0.457 ± 0.076 (0.018 ± 0.003) 7.4 Tape and Reel Specification Tape and Reel Packaging for 8 Pin Flatpack Package W = 16.30 max (0.642 max) 330.2 DIA. (13.00 DIA.) 1 Top Cover Tape Thickness 0.102 MAX. (0.004 MAX.) 8 Bo = 10.30 (0.406) Top Cover Tape K0 = 2.70 (0.106) K1 = 2.00 (0.079) Embossed Carrier Embossment R00B P = 12.00 (0.472) Ao = 10.30 (0.406) User Direction of Feed Dimensions mm (inches) NOTE: Tape dimensions not shown comply with JEDEC Standard EIA-481-2 PRELIMINARY 9 CPC1590 For additional information please visit our website at: www.clare.com Clare, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. Neither circuit patent licenses nor indemnity are expressed or implied. Except as set forth in Clare’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, Clare, Inc. assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right. The products described in this document are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or where malfunction of Clare’s product may result in direct physical harm, injury, or death to a person or severe property or environmental damage. Clare, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to its products at any time without notice. Specification: DS-CPC1590-R00B ©Copyright 2007, Clare, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. 9/10/09 10 PRELIMINARY R00B