W E N Radiometrix Hartcran House, 231 Kenton Lane, Harrow, HA3 8RP, England Issue 2, 21 November 2008 Tel: +44 (0) 20 8909 9595, Fax: +44 (0) 20 8909 2233 KDEC CodeCode-hopping receiver with up to 5 relay outputs KDEC is designed to provide the user with a complete receiver interface for Radiometrix transmitters such as KTX2 and KFX2. No additional parts needed to implement a complete system suitable for applications requiring high security RF remote control. Figure 1: KDEC board Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • Up to 5 relays to control mains powered devices rated up to 8A, 250VAC/30VDC Volt-free changeover contacts Learn button - remembers up to 16 different transmitters Remembers transmitters when switched off Visual indication of Learn function Visual indication of low supply voltage at the Transmitter Visual indication of activated relays Momentary or Latched outputs Basic antenna included - setup is simple as Plug-and-Play Receiver module on-board Terminal block to connect external power supply SMA RF connection 9 – 16VDC supply Applications • • • • • • Radiometrix Ltd RF interface for Security and Alarm systems Status reporting and monitoring secure systems Industrial controls HVAC controls Wireless door entry systems Simple On/Off switching KDEC page 1 General Description KDEC is optimised for use with the KFX2 (Key-fob transmitter) or KTX2 modules by means of a jumper link on the PCB, according to the preference of the user. When optimised for KFX2 it is not possible to activate more than one output per transmission and up to 5 relay outputs are available, matching the number of button inputs on the KFX2. Alternatively, when optimised for use with the KTX2 module, the KDEC has simple output functionality. New function-codes are fed to the relays as they are received, e.g. reception of a function-code (S0, S2) will activate relays 1 and 3 simultaneously. For both versions, momentary/latched relay action is also selected by means of a jumper link on the board. Visual Indications The following status LEDs will light, depending on the status of KDEC. LED 1-5 LOW-BATT LEARN POWER Function Relay active (Red) TX Low Battery (Red) Learn/Learnt (Orange) POWER (Green) Description Relay energised; S0-S3 Function-code output Transmitter supply voltage <3.8V (approx.) Multi-function indicator – see below Power supply present Using KDEC Learning a transmitter The Learn button is pressed momentarily (<1s) and a 6-second (approx.) window follows, during which the Learn LED is lit and a message received from a Radiometrix code-hopped transmitter during this period is used to Learn that transmitter into the KDEC memory. The function code used to activate the transmitter during learning is also stored in memory and when the same function code is used again from that transmitter during normal operation the Learn LED lights to indicate this. Note: if a transmitter has already been stored it is simply re-learned (with the function code updated if this is different). Upon learning a transmitter the Learn LED flashes several times to indicate success. Activating output relays Once a transmitter has been learned its transmissions will be acted upon, i.e. the function code contained within the transmission is fed to the output relays. When optimised for use with KFX2, extra processing ensures that only one relay at a time is energised. Either momentary or toggled/latching outputs can be used. Note that this distinction applies to all the outputs, not individual relays. When Momentary Output mode is selected the output is activated for a short period (470 – 570ms) for reception of a single message. If the same message is received repeatedly the output status is refreshed during this period: in effect, the output is “held-on” whilst a user keeps the relevant function line enabled at the transmitter. When Latched Output mode is selected the decoding of a single message causes the function-code within the message to toggle the output(s). Care should be exercised when using Latched (or more accurately ‘toggled’) mode with KDEC optimised for use with KTX2; consider the following example: one function-line (S0) is taken high and held high at the transmitter. On reception of the message, Relay 1 will change state. Whilst the same message is being decoded the relay will not change state again. However, if another function-line (e.g. S1) is taken high whilst S0 is still held high, it will cause a new transmission with new hop-code and new function code (S0, S1). On reception of this message Relay 2 will change state but so will Relay 1, since the new message contains S0 and S1, which toggles Relays 1 and 2 of the KDEC. KDEC optimised for KFX2 (being a key-fob transmitter with up to 5 buttons) deals with this issue by not responding to additional button-presses whilst one button is already pressed. However, this is at the expense of removing transparency to the function-code being received. The user may require more than one relay to be activated at once: in this case, KFX2 optimised mode should be used. Radiometrix Ltd KDEC page 2 Clearing the memory When the memory is full, no new transmitters can be learned. To clear the memory of all stored transmitters, the Learn button is pressed and held for more than 6s approx. The Learn LED will go out and upon releasing the button it will flash once to indicate that the memory has been cleared. It is not possible to remove individual transmitters from the memory. Jumper settings Jumper T M Function KDEC Type Relay Mode Position A (or not fitted at all) KFX Keyfob optimised Momentary Position B KTX Module optimised Latching / Toggled Jumper T position is only read at power-up and should be set before power is applied. Jumper M position is read repeatedly during operation and can be changed at any time. Figure 2: Component layout and Dimensions Radiometrix Ltd KDEC page 3 SAFETY WARNING: Extra care should be taken when handling the electrical connection from relay to 250AC device. Mains power should be disconnected before connecting the wires to 3-way terminal blocks to prevent electric shock. Exposed wires or terminal block should not be touched during evaluation. Code-hopped messages – technical brief Transmission format is 1250bps (nominal rate) Manchester encoding. Although the function-code is only 4 bits, total message length is 67 bits. This includes a 28-bit serial number and a 32-bit encrypted hopcode. Note that the serial number and function code data is not encrypted. The correct status of the transmission is used to validate the data. This is achieved through use of the ever changing hop-code (changes for every new message) and by synchronising the KDEC to the transmitter(s) in use. Put another way: KDEC “Learns” individual unique transmitters, as required by the user. The hop-code is encrypted using the serial number of the transmitter plus the manufacturer code (64bit), which is kept secret and is not transmitted. The function-code (S0-S3) appears twice in the message and forms a part of the hop-code encryption process. If KDEC loses synchronisation with the transmitter (e.g. repeated transmitter activation whilst out of range) then the transmitter must be activated twice with valid and sequential hop-codes before KDEC will allow the control to be processed. The hop-code is only valid if it is within a forward window of +32768 activations. This mechanism prevents “code-grabbers” from breaking the security of the system by recording and re-broadcasting old codes. Additionally, KDEC allows up to 14 transmissions to occur whilst the transmitter is out of range before two valid sequential transmissions are required to use the system. In practice a user may not notice the latter, since human reaction to the unsuccessful attempt is simply to “press the button again”. The level of redundancy and encryption in a message mean that, in simple terms, KDEC will only output a function-code that has been received from a properly recognised and synchronised transmitter. Start of new message 75ms: end of message 120ms: function activated RXD Function S0 =1 Message repeated.... S0 Output: Relay 1 Figure 3: Timing diagram – showing action upon receiving a message with S0 = 1 The typical time delay between a “button-press” at the transmitter and relay activation by the KDEC board is 140ms. Ordering Information KDEC-xxx-000 Where “xxx” is frequency band in MHz – 433 is standard. Please contact sales for other requirements. Note: Whilst the KDEC will operate with both KFX and KTX transmitters regardless of Jumper settings, it is recommended that Jumper T be placed in position A (or not fitted at all) when KDEC is used with 4 and 5 button Key-fobs. For these key-fobs, a combined function-code (S0, S2) is used as the code for one of the buttons. Radiometrix Ltd KDEC page 4 Radiometrix Ltd Hartcran House 231 Kenton Lane Harrow, Middlesex HA3 8RP ENGLAND Tel: +44 (0) 20 8909 9595 Fax: +44 (0) 20 8909 2233 [email protected] www.radiometrix.com Copyright notice This product data sheet is the original work and copyrighted property of Radiometrix Ltd. Reproduction in whole or in part must give clear acknowledgement to the copyright owner. Limitation of liability The information furnished by Radiometrix Ltd is believed to be accurate and reliable. Radiometrix Ltd reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its subassembly products without notice. Radiometrix Ltd does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. This data sheet neither states nor implies warranty of any kind, including fitness for any particular application. These radio devices may be subject to radio interference and may not function as intended if interference is present. We do NOT recommend their use for life critical applications. The Intrastat commodity code for all our wireless modules is: 8542 6000 R&TTE Directive After 7 April 2001 the manufacturer can only place finished product on the market under the provisions of the R&TTE Directive. Equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive may demonstrate compliance to the essential requirements specified in Article 3 of the Directive, as appropriate to the particular equipment. Further details are available on The Office of Communications (Ofcom) web site: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/radiocomms/ifi/ Information Requests Ofcom Riverside House 2a Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 9HA Tel: +44 (0)845 456 3000 or 020 7981 3040 Fax: +44 (0)20 7783 4033 [email protected] European Radiocommunications Office (ERO) Peblingehus Nansensgade 19 DK 1366 Copenhagen Tel. +45 33896300 Fax +45 33896330 [email protected] www.ero.dk