MQFL-28-15D Dual Output HIGH RELIABILITY DC/DC CONVERTER 16-40V 16-50V Continuous Input Transient Input ±15V Output 8A 91% @ 4A / 89% @ 8A Output F U L L P O W E R O P E R AT I O N : - 5 5 º C Efficiency TO +125ºC T he Mi l Qo r ® s e r i e s o f h i g h - r e l i a b i l i t y D C / D C c o n v e r t e r s b r i n g s Sy n Q or’ s f ie l d pr ove n h ig h- e ff ic i e nc y sy nc h ro nou s r e ct if i er t e c h n ology to th e Mi lit ar y/Aeros pace i n du str y. SynQ or’ s i n nova TM tive QorSeal p ac k a gi ng a p p ro a c h e n su re s su r v iv a b il it y i n t he m ost h ost ile envi ron men ts . Co mpati ble wit h t he i ndus try st an dard f ormat, t hese con ver ters o perat e at a f ix ed f requency, h ave n o opto- iso lat ors, and follow con servati ve com po nen t d e ra t in g gui d e li ne s . T he y a re de s ign e d an d ma nu fa ctu re d t o com ply wit h a wide rang e of mili tary stan dar ds . Design Pr ocess DESIGNED & MANUFACTURED IN THE USA FEATURING QORSEAL™ HI-REL ASSEMBLY MQFL series converters are: • Designed for reliability per NAVSO-P3641-A guidelines • Designed with components derated per: — MIL-HDBK-1547A — NAVSO P-3641A Qualification Pr ocess MQFL series converters are qualified to: • MIL-STD-810F — consistent with RTCA/D0-160E • SynQor’s First Article Qualification — consistent with MIL-STD-883F • SynQor’s Long-Term Storage Survivability Qualification • SynQor’s on-going life test Features • • • • • • • Fixed switching frequency No opto-isolators Parallel operation with current share Clock synchronization Primary and secondary referenced enable Continuous short circuit and overload protection Input under-voltage lockout/over-voltage shutdown Specification Compliance In-Line Manufacturing Pr ocess • • • • • • MQFL series converters (with MQME filter) are designed to meet: • MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F) • RTCA/DO-160E Section 16 • MIL-STD-1275B • DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5 • MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E) • RTCA/DO-160E Section 22 AS9100 and ISO 9001:2000 certified facility Full component traceability Temperature cycling Constant acceleration 24, 96, 160 hour burn-in Three level temperature screening Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 1 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification BLOCK DIAGRAM REGULATION STAGE 7 ISOLATION STAGE CURRENT SENSE 1 POSITIVE INPUT T1 T1 T2 POSITIVE OUTPUT T2 2 8 ISOLATION BARRIER INPUT RETURN 3 CASE GATE DRIVERS UVLO OVSD CURRENT LIMIT 4 T1 OUTPUT RETURN T2 9 NEGATIVE OUTPUT GATE DRIVERS 12 MAGNETIC ENABLE 1 ENABLE 2 PRIMARY CONTROL 5 DATA COUPLING SYNC OUTPUT 11 SECONDARY CONTROL SHARE 6 10 SYNC INPUT TRIM BIAS POWER CONTROL POWER POSITIVE OUTPUT TRANSFORMER TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM 1 2 3 4 28Vdc + – 5 open means on Product # MQFL-28-15D 6 +VIN ENA 2 IN RTN SHARE CASE MQFL ENA 1 SYNC OUT SYNC IN TRIM – VOUT OUT RTN +VOUT 12 11 open means on 10 + 9 Load – 8 + 7 Load – Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 2 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification MQFL-28-15D ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Min. Nom. Max. Units Notes & Conditions Group A Vin=28V DC ±5%, +Iout = –Iout = 4A, CL = 0 µF, free running10 Subgroup14 unless otherwise specified ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating Operating 1 Reverse Bias (TCASE = 125ºC) Reverse Bias (TCASE = -55ºC) Isolation Voltage (input/output to case, input to output) Continuous Transient (£100 µs) Operating Case Temperature 2 Storage Case Temperature Lead Temperature (20 sec) Voltage at ENA1, ENA2, SYNC IN -500 -800 -55 -65 -1.2 60 60 -0.8 -1.2 V V V V 500 800 135 135 300 50 V V °C °C °C V INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range (continuous) Operating Input Voltage Range (transient, 1 sec) Input Under-Voltage Lockout 3 Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Lockout Voltage Hysteresis Input Over-Voltage Shutdown 3 Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Turn-On Voltage Threshold Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis Maximum Input Current No Load Input Current (operating) Disabled Input Current (ENA1) Disabled Input Current (ENA2) Input Terminal Current Ripple (peak to peak) 16 16 28 28 40 50 V V 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6 14.75 13.80 0.5 15.50 14.40 1.1 16.00 15.00 1.8 V V V 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 54.0 50.0 2.0 56.8 51.4 5.3 110 2 25 40 60.0 54.0 8.0 9.5 160 5 50 60 V V V A mA mA mA mA +14.85 -15.15 +15.00 -15.00 +15.15 -14.85 V V 1 1 +14.78 -15.22 -20 65 14.70 250 +15.00 -15.00 0 80 15.00 450 20 +15.22 -14.78 20 95 15.30 750 80 8 6.4 120 10.1 10.8 50 3000 V V mV mV V mV mV A A W A A A mA µF 2, 3 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 -300 300 50 500 200 mV mV µs Total Iout Step = 4A « 8A, 0.8A « 4A; CL=11µF on both outputs “ mV mV µs Vin step = 16V « 50V; CL=11µF on both outputs “ 250 500 500 500 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 See Note 5 6 0 5.5 3.0 1.5 10 2 8.0 6.0 3.0 ms % ms ms ms +Vout = 1.5V ® 13.5V 4, 5, 6 See Note 5 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 Vin = 16V; +Iout = –Iout = 4A Vin = 16V, 28V, 50V Vin = 16V, 28V, 50V Bandwidth = 100 kHz – 10 MHz; see Figure 20 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (TCASE = 25ºC) Positive Output 12 Negative Output 12 Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature Positive Output 12 Negative Output 12 Positive Output Voltage Line Regulation 12 Positive Output Voltage Load Regulation 12 Total Positive Output Voltage Range 12 Output Voltage Cross Regulation (Negative Output) 11,12 Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to Peak Total Operating Current Range Single Output Operating Current Range Operating Output Power Range Output DC Current-Limit Inception 4 Short Circuit Output Current Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled Maximum Output Capacitance 5 0 0 0 8.2 8.8 9.2 9.8 2.5 10 Vin = 16V, 28V, 50V +Vout @ (+Iout = –Iout = 0A) – +Vout @ (+Iout = –Iout = 4A) –Vout @ (+Iout = –Iout = 1.6A) – –Vout @ (+Iout = 6.4A, –Iout = 1.6A) Bandwidth = 100 kHz - 10 MHz; CL=11µF on both outputs (+Iout) + (–Iout) Maximum +Iout or –Iout Total on both outputs +Iout + –Iout; +Iout = –Iout +Vout £ 1.2V Total on both outputs DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Deviation Load Transient 6 For a Positive Step Change in Load Current For a Negative Step Change in Load Current Settling Time (either case) 7 Output Voltage Deviation Line Transient 8 For a Positive Step Change in Line Voltage For a Negative Step Change in Line Voltage Settling Time (either case) 7 Turn-On Transient Output Voltage Rise Time Output Voltage Overshoot Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin 9 Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA1 Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA2 Product # MQFL-28-15D -500 -500 -500 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com ENA1, ENA2 = 5V ENA2 = 5V ENA1 = 5V Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 Page 3 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification MQFL-28-15D ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Parameter Min. Nom. 85 87 85 87 84 86 90 92 89 91 88 90 16 20 Max. Units Notes & Conditions Group A Vin=28V DC ±5%, +Iout = –Iout = 4A, CL = 0 µF, free running10 Subgroup14 unless otherwise specified EFFICIENCY Iout = 8A (16Vin) Iout = 4A (16Vin) Iout = 8A (28Vin) Iout = 4A (28Vin) Iout = 8A (40Vin) Iout = 4A (40Vin) Load Fault Power Dissipation Short Circuit Power Dissipation 32 33 % % % % % % W W Iout at current limit inception point +Vout £ +1.2V; –Vout ³ –1.2V 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS Isolation Voltage (dielectric strength) Input RTN to Output RTN Any Input Pin to Case Any Output Pin to Case Isolation Resistance (input rtn to output rtn) Isolation Resistance (any pin to case) Isolation Capacitance (input rtn to output rtn) 500 500 500 100 100 V V V MW MW nF 1 1 1 1 1 1 600 kHz 1, 2, 3 500 2 -0.5 20 700 10 0.8 80 kHz V V % 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 20 25 75 mA % 44 FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency (free running) Synchronization Input Frequency Range Logic Level High Logic Level Low Duty Cycle Synchronization Output Pull Down Current Duty Cycle Enable Control (ENA1 and ENA2) Off-State Voltage Module Off Pulldown Current On-State Voltage Module On Pin Leakage Current Pull-Up Voltage Output Voltage Trim Range 500 550 0.8 80 2 3.2 -2.0 4.0 20 4.5 0.5 V µA V µA V V VSYNC OUT = 0.8V Output connected to SYNC IN of another MQFL converter Current drain required to ensure module is off Maximum current draw from pin allowed with module still on See Figure A (+Vout) – 15V; See Figure E See Note 5 See Note 5 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F2) GB @ Tcase=70ºC AIF @ Tcase=70ºC Demonstrated MTBF 2800 420 TBD 103 Hrs. 103 Hrs. 103 Hrs. 79 g WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS Device Weight Electrical Characteristics Notes 1. Converter will undergo input over-voltage shutdown. 2. Derate output power to 50% of rated power at Tcase = 135º C. 3. High or low state of input voltage must persist for about 200µs to be acted on by the lockout or shutdown circuitry. 4. Current limit inception is defined as the point where the output voltage has dropped to 90% of its nominal value. 5. Parameter not tested but guaranteed to the limit specified. 6. Load current transition time ³ 10µs. 7. Settling time measured from start of transient to the point where the output voltage has returned to ±1% of its final value. 8. Line voltage transition time ³ 100µs. 9. Input voltage rise time £ 250µs. 10. Operating the converter at a synchronization frequency above the free running frequency will cause the converter’s efficiency to be slightly reduced and it may also cause a slight reduction in the maximum output current/power available. For more information consult the factory. 11. The regulation stage operates to control the positive output. The negative output displays cross regulation. 12. All +Vout and -Vout voltage measurements are made with Kelvin probes on the output leads. 13. SHARE pin outputs a power failure warning pulse during a fault condition. See Current Share section on page 12. 14. Only the ES and HB grade products are tested at three temperatures. The B and C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the ESS table on Page 15 for details. 15. These derating curves apply for the ES- and HB- grade products. The C- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100º C and a maximum junction temperature rise of 20º C above TCASE. The B- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 85º C and a maximum junction temperature rise of 20º C at full load. Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 4 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total 100 16 95 14 90 12 Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency (%) Technical Specification 85 80 75 70 16 Vin 28 Vin 40 Vin 65 10 8 6 4 16 Vin 28 Vin 40 Vin 2 60 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 Total Output Power (W) Figure 1: Efficiency vs. output power, from 0 load to full load with 50% load on the +15V output and 50% load on the -15V output at minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C. 80 100 100 16 95 14 90 12 85 80 75 70 16 Vin 10 8 6 4 16 Vin 28 Vin 28 Vin 65 2 40 Vin 40 Vin 0 60 6.4/0 5.6/.8 4.8/1.6 4/2.4 3.2/3.2 2.4/4 1.6/4.8 .8/5.6 6.4/0 0/6.4 Load Current (A), +Iout / -Iout 95 14 90 12 Power Dissipation (W) 16 85 80 75 16 Vin 28 Vin 40 Vin 65 3.2/3.2 2.4/4 1.6/4.8 0.8/5.6 0/6.4 10 8 6 4 16 Vin 28 Vin 40 Vin 0 25ºC 85ºC 125ºC -55ºC Case Temperature (ºC) Phone 1-888-567-9596 25ºC 85ºC 125ºC Case Temperature (ºC) Figure 5: Efficiency at 60% load (2.4A load on +15V and 2.4A load on -15V) versus case temperature for Vin = 16V, 28V, and 40V. Product # MQFL-28-15D 4/2.4 2 60 -55ºC 4.8/1.6 Figure 4: Power dissipation vs. output current, with total output current fixed at 80% load (96W) and loads split as shown between the +15V and -15V outputs at minimum, nominal, and max input voltage at 25°C. 100 70 5.6/0.8 Load Current (A), +Iout / -Iout Figure 3: Efficiency vs. output current, with total output current fixed at 80% load (96W) and loads split as shown between the +15V and -15V outputs at minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C. Efficiency (%) 120 Figure 2: Power dissipation vs. output power, from 0 load to full load with 50% load on the +15V output and 50% load on the -15V output at minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C. Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency (%) 60 Total Output Power (W) Figure 6: Power dissipation at 60% load (2.4A load on +15V and 2.4A load on -15V) versus case temperature for Vin =16V, 28V, and 40V. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 5 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification -15.8 Input voltage has virtually no effect on cross regulation -15.8 Input voltage has virtually no effect on cross regulation 15.6 15.4 -15.4 15.4 -15.4 15.2 -15.2 15.2 -15.2 15.0 -15.0 15.0 -15.0 14.8 -14.8 14.8 -14.8 14.6 Positive Output (V) -15.6 Negative Output (V) Positive Output (V) 15.6 15.8 -14.6 14.6 -14.6 +Vout 14.4 -Vout 14.2 6.4 / 1.6 4.8 / 3.2 4/4 3.2 / 4.8 -14.4 14.4 -14.2 14.2 1.6 / 6.4 +Vout -14.2 6.4 / 0 4.8 / 1.6 3.2 / 3.2 1.6 / 4.8 0 / 6.4 +IOUT (A) / -IOUT (A) Figure 7: Load regulation vs. load current with power fixed at full load (120W) and load currents split as shown between the +15V and -15V outputs, at nominal input voltage and TCASE = 25ºC. 15.8 Figure 8: Load regulation vs. load current with power fixed at 80% load (96W) and load currents split as shown between the +15V and 15V outputs, at nominal input voltage and TCASE = 25ºC. -15.8 Input voltage has virtually no effect on cross regulation 15.8 -15.8 Input voltage has virtually no effect on cross regulation -15.6 15.6 15.4 -15.4 15.4 -15.4 15.2 -15.2 15.2 -15.2 15.0 -15.0 15.0 -15.0 14.8 -14.8 14.8 -14.8 14.6 Positive Output (V) Positive Output (V) -14.4 -Vout +IOUT (A) / -IOUT (A) 15.6 -15.6 -14.6 +Vout 14.4 -Vout 14.2 0 24 48 Negative Output (V) 15.8 72 96 -15.6 14.6 -14.4 14.4 -14.2 14.2 120 -14.6 +Vout -14.4 -Vout -14.2 0 24 48 72 96 120 Total Output Power (W) Total Output Power (W) Figure 9: Load regulation vs. total output power from zero to to full load where +Iout equals three times -Iout at nominal input voltage and TCASE = 25ºC. Figure 10: Load regulation vs. total output power from zero to to full load where -Iout equals three times +Iout at nominal input voltage and TCASE = 25ºC. 12 180 10 150 8 120 16 14 90 4 60 Tjmax = 105ºC Tjmax = 125ºC Tjmax = 145ºC 2 Output Voltage (V) 6 Pout (W) Iout (A) 12 65 2 85 105 125 135 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Total Load Current (A) Figure 11: Output Current / Output Power derating curve as a function of TCASE and the maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature (see Note 15). Phone 1-888-567-9596 28 Vin 0 145 Case Temperature (ºC) Product # MQFL-28-15D 6 4 0 45 8 30 0 25 10 Figure 12: Positive output voltage vs. total load current evenly split showing typical current limit curves. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 6 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification +Vout +Vout -Vout -Vout Figure 13: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive load) (5 ms/div). Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: +Vout (5V/div); Ch 2: -Vout (5V/div); Ch 3: Enable1 input (5V/div). Figure 14: Turn-on transient at zero load current (5 ms/div). Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: +Vout (5V/div); Ch 2: -Vout (5V/div); Ch 3: Enable1 input (5V/div). +Vout +Vout -Vout -Vout Figure 15: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive load) (5 ms/div). Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: +Vout (5V/div); Ch 2: -Vout (5V/div); Ch 3: Enable2 input (5V/div). Figure 16: Turn-on transient at full load, after application of input voltage (ENA 1 and ENA 2 logic high) (5 ms/div). Ch 1: +Vout (5V/div); Ch 2: -Vout (5V/div); Ch 3: Vin (10V/div). +Vout +Vout +Iout +Iout -Vout -Vout -Iout -Iout Figure 17: Output voltage response to step-change in total load current (50%-100%-50%) of total Iout (max) split 50%/50%. Load cap: 1µ F ceramic cap and 10µ F, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: +Vout (500mV/div); Ch 2: -Iout (5A/div); Ch 3: -Vout (500mV/div); Ch 4: -Iout (5A/div). Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 18: Output voltage response to step-change in total load current (0%-50%-0%) of total Iout (max) split 50%/50%. Load cap: 1µ F ceramic cap and 10µ F, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: +Vout (500mV/div); Ch 2: -Iout (5A/div); Ch 4: -Vout (500mV/div); Ch 4: -Iout (5A/div). www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 7 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification See Fig. 22 See Fig. 21 +VOUT MQME Filter iC MQFL Converter RTN –VOUT VSOURCE 1 µF 10 µF, ceramic 100mW ESR capacitors capacitors Figure 19: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (16V 50V - 16V). Load cap: 10µ F, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap and 1µ F ceramic cap. Ch 1: +Vout (500mV/div); Ch 2: -Vout (500mV/div); Ch 3: Vin (20V/div). Figure 20: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 21) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 22). Figure 21: Input terminal current ripple, ic, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with SynQor MQ filter module (50 mA/div). Bandwidth: 20MHz. See Figure 20. Figure 22: Output voltage ripple, +Vout (Ch 1) and -Vout (Ch 2), at nominal input voltage and full load current evenly split (20 mV/div). Load capacitance: 1µ F ceramic cap and 10µ F tantalum cap. Bandwidth: 10 MHz. See Figure 20. Figure 23: Rise of output voltage after the removal of a short circuit across the positive output terminals. Ch 1: +Vout (5V/div); Ch 2: -Vout (5V/div); Ch 3: +Iout (10A/div). Figure 24: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor MQFL converter. Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 8 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification 1 Output Impedance (ohms) Output Impedance (ohms) 1 0.1 0.01 16Vin 28Vin 0.1 0.01 16Vin 28Vin 40Vin 40Vin 0.001 0.001 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10 100 Hz 100,000 Figure 26: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (-Zout = -vout /-iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. 0 0 -10 -10 -20 -20 Forward Transmission (dB) Forward Transmission (dB) 10,000 Hz Figure 25: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (+Zout = +vout /+iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 16Vin 28Vin -80 -90 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 16Vin 28Vin -80 -90 40Vin -100 40Vin -100 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10 100 Hz 20 20 Reverse Transmission (dB) 30 10 0 -10 -20 16Vin 28Vin -40 10,000 100,000 Figure 28: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (-FT = -vout /vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. 30 -30 1,000 Hz Figure 27: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (+FT = +vout /vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. Reverse Transmission (dB) 1,000 10 0 -10 -20 -30 16Vin 28Vin -40 40Vin -50 40Vin -50 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10 Hz Phone 1-888-567-9596 1,000 10,000 100,000 Hz Figure 29: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (+RT = iin /+iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. Product # MQFL-28-15D 100 Figure 30: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (-RT = iin /-iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 9 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification Input Impedance (ohms) 100 10 1 16Vin 28Vin 0.1 40Vin 0.01 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Hz Figure 31: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power with 50% / 50% split. Figure 32: High frequency conducted emissions of standalone MQFL-2805S, 5Vout module at 120W output, as measured with Method CE102. Limit line shown is the 'Basic Curve' for all applications with a 28V source. Figure 33: High frequency conducted emissions of MQFL-28-05S, 5Vout module at 120W output with MQFL-28-P filter, as measured with Method CE102. Limit line shown is the 'Basic Curve' for all applications with a 28V source. Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 10 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES The MQFL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power conversion topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The second, or isolation, stage uses transformers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage transformation to achieve the output voltage required. In the dual output converter there are two secondary windings in the transformer of the isolation stage, one for each output. There is only one regulation stage, however, and it is used to control the positive output. The negative output therefore displays “Cross-Regulation”, meaning that its output voltage depends on how much current is drawn from each output. the converter to operate indefinitely into a short circuit and to avoid a hiccup mode, even under a tough start-up condition. An input under-voltage lockout feature with hysteresis is provided, as well as an input over-voltage shutdown. There is also an output current limit that is nearly constant as the load impedance decreases to a short circuit (i.e., there is not fold-back or fold-forward characteristic to the output current under this condition). When a load fault is removed, the output voltage rises exponentially to its nominal value without an overshoot. The MQFL converter’s control circuit does not implement an output over-voltage limit or an over-temperature shutdown. The following sections describe the use and operation of additional control features provided by the MQFL converter. Both the positive and the negative outputs share a common OUTPUT RETURN pin. Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation stage switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but due to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its switching frequency. As a result, both the input and the output of the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of about 550 kHz in the free-running mode. Rectification of the isolation stage’s output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than would Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason why the MQFL converters have such high efficiency, particularly at low output voltages. Besides improving efficiency, the synchronous rectifiers permit operation down to zero load current. There is no longer a need for a minimum load, as is typical for converters that use diodes for rectification. The synchronous rectifiers actually permit a negative load current to flow back into the converter’s output terminals if the load is a source of short or long term energy. The MQFL converters employ a “back-drive current limit” to keep this negative output terminal current small. CONTROL FEATURES ENABLE: The MQFL converter has two enable pins. Both must have a logic high level for the converter to be enabled. A logic low on either pin will inhibit the converter. The ENA1 pin (pin 4) is referenced with respect to the converter’s input return (pin 2). The ENA2 pin (pin 12) is referenced with respect to the converter’s output return (pin 8). This permits the converter to be inhibited from either the input or the output side. Regardless of which pin is used to inhibit the converter, the regulation and the isolation stages are turned off. However, when the converter is inhibited through the ENA1 pin, the bias supply is also turned off, whereas this supply remains on when the converter is inhibited through the ENA2 pin. A higher input standby current therefore results in the latter case. 5.6V 82K 1N4148 PIN 4 (or PIN 12) ENABLE TO ENABLE CIRCUITRY 250K There is a control circuit on both the input and output sides of the MQFL converter that determines the conduction state of the power switches. These circuits communicate with each other across the isolation barrier through a magnetically coupled device. No opto-isolators are used. A separate bias supply provides power to both the input and output control circuits. Among other things, this bias supply permits Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 2N3904 125K PIN 2 (or PIN 8) IN RTN Figure A: Equivalent circuit looking into either the ENA1 or ENA2 pins with respect to its corresponding return pin. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 11 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification Both enable pins are internally pulled high so that an open connection on both pins will enable the converter. Figure A shows the equivalent circuit looking into either enable pins. It is TTL compatible. SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQFL converter’s switching frequency can be synchronized to an external frequency source that is in the 500 kHz to 700 kHz range. A pulse train at the desired frequency should be applied to the SYNC IN pin (pin 6) with respect to the INPUT RETURN (pin 2). This pulse train should have a duty cycle in the 20% to 80% range. Its low value should be below 0.8V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low, and its high value should be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic high. The transition time between the two states should be less than 300ns. If the MQFL converter is not to be synchronized, the SYNC IN pin should be left open circuit. The converter will then operate in its free-running mode at a frequency of approximately 550 kHz. If, due to a fault, the SYNC IN pin is held in either a logic low or logic high state continuously, the MQFL converter will revert to its free-running frequency. The MQFL converter also has a SYNC OUT pin (pin 5). This out5V 5K TO SYNC CIRCUITRY PIN 6 SYNC IN PIN 2 5K IN RTN Figure B: Equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin with respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin. 5V 5K SYNC OUT FROM SYNC CIRCUITRY IN RTN OPEN COLLECTOR OUTPUT PIN 5 PIN 2 Figure C: Equivalent circuit looking into SYNC OUT pin with respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin. Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 put can be used to drive the SYNC IN pins of as many as ten (10) other MQFL converters. The pulse train coming out of SYNC OUT has a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency that matches the switching frequency of the converter with which it is associated. This frequency is either the free-running frequency if there is no synchronization signal at the SYNC IN pin, or the synchronization frequency if there is. The SYNC OUT signal is available only when the dc input voltage is above approximately 12V and when the converter is not inhibited through the ENA1 pin. An inhibit through the ENA2 pin will not turn the SYNC OUT signal off. NOTE: An MQFL converter that has its SYNC IN pin driven by the SYNC OUT pin of a second MQFL converter will have its start of its switching cycle delayed approximately 180 degrees relative to that of the second converter. Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin. Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC OUT pin. CURRENT SHARE: Like the single output MQFL converters, the dual output converters have a SHARE pin (pin 11). In this case, however, the voltage at this pin represents the sum of the positive and negative output currents. As such, the share pin cannot cause two or more paralleled converters to share load currents on the positive or negative outputs independently. Nevertheless, there may be applications where the two currents have a fixed ratio, in which case it can make sense to force the sharing of total current among several converters. Since the SHARE pin is monitored with respect to the OUTPUT RETURN (pin 8) by each converter, it is important to connect all of the converters’ OUTPUT RETURN pins together through a low DC and AC impedance. When this is done correctly, the converters will deliver their appropriate fraction of the total load current to within +/- 10% at full rated load. Whether or not converters are paralleled, the voltage at the SHARE pin could be used to monitor the approximate average current delivered by the converter(s). A nominal voltage of 1.0V represents zero current and a nominal voltage of 2.2V represents the maximum rated total current, with a linear relationship in between. The internal source resistance of a converter’s SHARE pin signal is 2.5 kW. During an input voltage fault or primary disable event, the SHARE pin outputs a power failure warning pulse. The SHARE pin will go to 3V for approximately 14ms as the output voltage falls. NOTE: Converters operating from separate input filters with reverse polarity protection (such as the MQME-28-T filter) with www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 12 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification their outputs connected in parallel may exhibit hiccup operation at light loads. Consult factory for details. 10,000.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: If desired, it is possible to increase or decrease the MQFL dual converter’s output voltage from its nominal value. To increase the output voltage a resistor, Rup, should be connected between the TRIM pin (pin 10) and the OUTPUT RETURN pin (pin 8), as shown in Figure D. The value of this resistor should be determined according to the following equation: Rup = 10 x ( Vnom – 2.5 – 2 x Vnom + 5 Vout – Vnom ][ ] Vout – 2.5 – 5 Vnom – Vout where: Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage, Vout = the desired output voltage (less than Vnom), and Rdown is in kiloOhms (kW). 1 2 3 4 28Vdc + – 5 open means on 6 Trim Resistance (kOhms) Trim Up Configuration -2 -0.5 0 0.5 1 As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage stress on the converter’s internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for details. Factory trimmed converters are available by request. INPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT: The MQFL converter has an under-voltage lockout feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too low. The threshold of input voltage at which the converter will turn on is higher that the threshold at which it will turn off. In addition, the MQFL converter will not respond to a state of the input voltage unless it has remained in that state for more than about 200µs. This hysteresis and the delay ensure proper operation when the source impedance is high or in a noisy enviroment. ENA 2 IN RTN SHARE MQFL ENA 1 -1 Figure E: Change in Output Voltage Graph +VIN CASE -1.5 Change in Vout (V) To decrease the output voltage a resistor, Rdown, should be connected between the TRIM pin and the POSITIVE OUTPUT pin (pin 7), as shown in Figure D. The value of this resistor should be determined according to the following equation: Vnom – 1 x 2.5 Trim Down Configuration 1.0 -2.5 The maximum value of output voltage that can be achieved is 15.5V. [ 100.0 10.0 ) where: Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage, Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than Vnom), and Rup is in kiloOhms (kW). Rdown = 10 x 1,000.0 SYNC OUT SYNC IN TRIM – VOUT OUT RTN +VOUT 12 open means on 11 10 9 Rup 8 Rdown + Load – + 7 Load – Figure D: Typical connection for output voltage trimming. Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 13 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification INPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQFL converter also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too high. It also has a hysteresis and time delay to ensure proper operation. SHUT DOWN: The MQFL converter will shut down in response to only four conditions: ENA1 input low, ENA2 input low, VIN input below under-voltage lockout threshold, or VIN input above over-voltage shutdown threshold. Following a shutdown event, there is a startup inhibit delay which will prevent the converter from restarting for approximately 300ms. After the 300ms delay elapses, if the enable inputs are high and the input voltage is within the operating range, the converter will restart. If the VIN input is brought down to nearly 0V and back into the operating range, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise according to the "Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin" specification. BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use MOSFETs as synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing a negative current from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term energy. This negative current is referred to as a “back-drive current”. Conditions where back-drive current might occur include paralleled converters that do not employ current sharing, or where the current share feature does not adequately ensure sharing during the startup or shutdown transitions. It can also occur when converters having different output voltages are connected together through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally off, become conductive during startup or shutdown. Finally, some loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail. Even a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period of time during a shutdown transient. To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current, the MQFL converters limit the negative current that the converter can draw from its output terminals. The threshold for this backdrive current limit is placed sufficiently below zero so that the converter may operate properly down to zero load, but its absolute value (see the Electrical Characteristics page) is small compared to the converter’s rated output current. The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for a maximum component temperature of 105ºC. Figure 11 therefore has one power derating curve that ensures this limit is maintained. It has been SynQor’s extensive experience that reliable long-term converter operation can be achieved with a maximum component temperature of 125ºC. In extreme cases, a maximum temperature of 145ºC is permissible, but not recommended for long-term operation where high reliability is required. Derating curves for these higher temperature limits are also included in Figure 11. The maximum case temperature at which the converter should be operated is 135ºC. When the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate will help to make the converter’s case bottom a uniform temperature. How well it does so depends on the thickness of the plate and on the thermal conductance of the interface layer (e.g. thermal grease, thermal pad, etc.) between the case and the plate. Unless this is done very well, it is important not to mistake the plate’s temperature for the maximum case temperature. It is easy for them to be as much as 5-10ºC different at full power and at high temperatures. It is suggested that a thermocouple be attached directly to the converter’s case through a small hole in the plate when investigating how hot the converter is getting. Care must also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal resistance between the thermocouple and the case due to whatever adhesive might be used to hold the thermocouple in place. INPUT SYSTEM INSTABILITY: This condition can occur because any DC/DC converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled “Input System Instability” is available on the SynQor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS: Figure 11 shows the suggested Power Derating Curves for this converter as a function of the case temperature and the maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature. All other components within the converter are cooler than its hottest MOSFET, which at full power is no more than 20ºC higher than the case temperature directly below this MOSFET. Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 14 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS Consistent with MIL-STD-883F B-Grade C-Grade ES-Grade HB-Grade (-40oC to +85oC) (-40oC to +100oC) (-55oC to +125oC) (-55oC to +125oC) (Element Evaluation) (Element Evaluation) Internal Visual * Yes Yes Yes Yes Temperature Cycle Method 1010 No No Condition B (-55oC to +125oC) Condition C (-65oC to +150oC) Constant Acceleration Method 2001 (Y1 Direction) No No 500g Condition A (5000g) 12 Hrs @ +100oC 24 Hrs @ +125oC 96 Hrs @ +125oC 160 Hrs @ +125oC +25oC +25oC -45, +25, +100oC -55, +25, +125oC Anodized Package Full QorSeal Full QorSeal Full QorSeal * * Yes Yes Ruggedized QorSeal QorSeal QorSeal Screening Method 1015 Load Cycled Burn-in Final Electrical Test •10s period •2s @ 100% Load •8s @ 0% Load Method 5005 (Group A) Mechanical Seal, Thermal, and Coating Process External Visual 2009 Construction Process * Per IPC-A-610 (Rev. D) Class 3 MilQor converters and filters are offered in four variations of construction technique and environmental stress screening options. The three highest grades, C, ES, and HB, all use SynQor’s proprietary QorSeal™ Hi-Rel assembly process that includes a Parylene-C coating of the circuit, a high performance thermal compound filler, and a nickel barrier gold plated aluminum case. The B-grade version uses a ruggedized assembly process that includes a medium performance thermal compound filler and a black anodized aluminum case†. Each successively higher grade has more stringent mechanical and electrical testing, as well as a longer burn-in cycle. The ESand HB-Grades are also constructed of components that have been procured through an element evaluation process that pre-qualifies each new batch of devices. † Note: Since the surface of the black anodized case is not guaranteed to be electrically conductive, a star washer or similar device should be used to cut through the surface oxide if electrical connection to the case is desired. Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 15 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification MQFL-28-15D-X-HB DC/DC CONVERTER 28Vin ±15Vout @ 8A PACKAGE PINOUTS Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 MQFL-28-15D-Y-HB DC/DC CONVERTER 28Vin ±15Vout @ 8A Function POSITIVE INPUT INPUT RETURN CASE ENABLE 1 SYNC OUTPUT SYNC INPUT POSITIVE OUTPUT OUTPUT RETURN NEGATIVE OUTPUT TRIM SHARE ENABLE 2 NOTES 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HBGrade products. Aluminum with black anodized finish for the B-Grade products. 2) Pins: Diameter: 0.040” (1.02mm) Material: Copper Finish: Gold over Nickel plate 3) All dimensions as inches (mm) 4) Tolerances: a) x.xx +0.02” (x.x +0.5mm) b) x.xxx +0.010” (x.xx +0.25mm) 5) Weight: 2.8 oz. (79 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPCA-610C Class III Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 16 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification MilQor MQFL FAMILY MATRIX The tables below show the array of MQFL converters available. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for other requirements. Single Output Converters 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5V 6V 7.5V 9V (1R5S) (1R8S) (2R5S) (3R3S) (05S) (06S) (7R5S) (09S) 12V 15V 28V (12S) (15S) (28S) 40A 40A 40A 30A 24A 20A 16A 13A 10A 8A 4A 40A 40A 40A 30A 24A 20A 16A 13A 10A 8A 4A 40A 40A 40A 30A 20A 17A 13A 11A 8A 6.5 3.3A 40A 40A 40A 30A 20A 17A 13A 11A 8A 6.5 3.3A 40A 40A 40A 30A 24A 20A 16A 13A 10A 8A 4A 40A 40A 40A 30A 20A 17A 13A 11A 8A 6.5 3.3A 40A 40A 30A 22A 15A 12A 10A 8A 6A 5A 2.7A MQFLMQFL-28 1616-40Vin Cont. 1616-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQFLMQFL-28E 1616-70Vin Cont. 1616-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V MQFLMQFL-28V 1616-40Vin Cont. 5.55.5-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQFLMQFL-28VE 1616-70Vin Cont. 5.55.5-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 100V MQFLMQFL-270 155155-400Vin Cont. 155155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 550V MQFLMQFL-270E 130130-475Vin Cont. 130130-520Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 600V MQFLMQFL-270L 6565-350Vin Cont. 6565-475Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 550V Dual Output Converters† MQFLMQFL-28 1616-40Vin Cont. 1616-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQFLMQFL-28E 1616-70Vin Cont. 1616-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V MQFLMQFL-28V 1616-40Vin Cont. 5.55.5-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQFLMQFL-28VE 1616-70Vin Cont. 5.55.5-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 100V MQFLMQFL-270 155155-400Vin Cont. 155155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 550V MQFLMQFL-270E 130130-475Vin Cont. 130130-520Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 600V MQFLMQFL-270L 6565-350Vin Cont. 6565-475Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 550V Triple Output Converters ±5V ±12V ±15V 3.3V/±12V 3.3V/±15V 5V/±12V (05D) (12D) (15D) (3R312T) (3R315T) (0512T) (0515T) (3015T) 22A/ ±1A 22A/ ±0.8A 15A/ ±1A 15A/ ±0.8A 2.5A/ ±0.8A 22A/ ±1A 22A/ ±0.8A 15A/ ±1A 15A/ ±0.8A 2.5A/ ±0.8A 22A/ ±1A 22A/ ±0.8A 15A/ ±1A 15A/ ±0.8A 2.5A/ ±0.8A 22A/ ±1A 22A/ ±0.8A 15A/ ±1A 15A/ ±0.8A 2.5A/ ±0.8A 22A/ ±1A 22A/ ±0.8A 15A/ ±1A 15A/ ±0.8A 2.5A/ ±0.8A 22A/ ±1A 22A/ ±0.8A 15A/ ±1A 15A/ ±0.8A 2.5A/ ±0.8A 22A/ ±1A 22A/ ±0.8A 15A/ ±1A 15A/ ±0.8A 2.5A/ ±0.8A 24A 10A 8A Total Total Total 24A 10A 8A Total Total Total 20A 8A 6.5A Total Total Total 20A 8A 6.5A Total Total Total 24A 10A 8A Total Total Total 20A 8A 6.5A Total Total Total 15A 6A 5A Total Total Total MQFLMQFL-28 1616-40Vin Cont. 1616-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQFLMQFL-28E 1616-70Vin Cont. 1616-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V MQFLMQFL-28V 1616-40Vin Cont. 5.55.5-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQFLMQFL-28VE 1616-70Vin Cont. 5.55.5-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 100V MQFLMQFL-270 155155-400Vin Cont. 155155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 550V MQFLMQFL-270E 130130-475Vin Cont. 130130-520Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 600V MQFLMQFL-270L 6565-350Vin Cont. 6565-475Vin 0.1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 550V (75W Output Power) max Total (75W max Total Output Power) *Converters may be operated continuously at the highest transient input voltage, but some component electrical and thermal stresses would be beyond MIL-HDBK-1547A guidelines. Product # MQFL-28-15D Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com 5V/±15V 30V/±15V †80% of total output current available on any one output. Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 17 MQFL-28-15D Output: ±15 V Current: 8 A Total Technical Specification PART NUMBERING SYSTEM The part numbering system for SynQor’s MilQor DC/DC converters follows the format shown in the table below. Model Name Input Voltage Range 28 28E 28V 28VE MQFL 270 270E 270L Output Voltage(s) Single Output Dual Output Triple Output 1R5S 1R8S 2R5S 3R3S 05S 06S 7R5S 09S 12S 15S 28S 05D 12D 15D 3R312T 3R315T 0512T 0515T 3015T Example: Package Outline/ Pin Configuration Screening Grade X Y W Z B C ES HB MQFL – 28 – 15D – Y – ES APPLICATION NOTES A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from the SynQor website. PATENTS (additional patent applications may be filed) SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product: 5,999,417 6,594,159 6,927,987 6,222,742 6,731,520 7,050,309 6,545,890 6,894,468 7,072,190 6,577,109 6,896,526 7,085,146 Contact SynQor for further information: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: Product # MQFL-28-15D 978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 [email protected] www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Phone 1-888-567-9596 Warranty SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2MQ150D Rev. A 10/23/07 Page 18