AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller BatteryManager™ General Description Features The AAT3680 BatteryManager is a member of AnalogicTech's Total Power Management IC™ (TPMIC™) product family. This device is a lithiumion/polymer battery charge and management IC, specifically designed for compact portable applications. The AAT3680 precisely regulates battery charge voltage and charge current, and is capable of two trickle charge current levels controlled by one external pin. Battery charge temperature and charge state are carefully monitored for fault conditions. In the event of an over-current, short-circuit, or over-temperature failure, the device will automatically shut down, protecting the charging device and the battery under charge. A battery charge state monitor output pin is provided to indicate the battery charge status through a display LED. The battery charge status output is a serial interface which may also be read by a system microcontroller. • • • • • • • • The AAT3680 is available in a Pb-free, 8-pin MSOP or 12-pin TSOPJW package, specified over the -20°C to +70°C temperature range. Applications • • • • • • • • • • Input Voltage Range: 4.5V to 7V 1% Accurate Preset Voltages: 4.1V, 4.2V Low Operation Current, Typically 0.5mA Programmable Charge Current Automatic Recharge Sequencing Battery Temperature Monitoring Deep Discharge Cell Conditioning Fast Trickle Charge Option with Thermal Over-Ride Full Battery Charge Auto Turn-Off / Sleep Mode Over-Voltage, Over-Current, and OverTemperature Protection Power On Reset LED Charge Status Output or System Microcontroller Serial Interface Temperature Range: -20°C to +70°C 8-Pin MSOP or 12-Pin TSOPJW Package Cellular Phones Desktop Chargers Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) USB Chargers Typical Application RSENSE 0.2Ω Q1 FZT968 SMA BATT+ VP B34DLA C2 1µF R1 1.9k DRV T2X BATT- VP CSI BAT RT1 AAT3680 VP TS TEMP VSS STAT C3 10µF RT2 Battery Pack LED1 R2 1k 3680.2006.03.1.6 1 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Pin Description Pin # TSOPJW-12 MSOP-8 Symbol Function 1 8 BAT Battery voltage level sense input. 2 7 CSI Current sense input. 3 N/A N/C Not connected. 4 6 T2X 2X battery trickle charge control input. Connect this pin to VSS to double the battery trickle charge current. Leave this pin floating for normal trickle charge current (10% of full charge current). To enter microcontroller fast-read status, pull this pin high during power-up. 5 5 DRV Battery charge control output. 6 4 VSS Common ground connection. 7 3 STAT Battery charge status output. Connect an LED in series with 2.2kΩ from STAT to VP to monitor battery charge state. 8, 9, 10, 11 1 VP Power supply input pin. 12 2 TS Battery temperature sense input. Pin Configuration TSOPJW-12 (Top View) 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 5 8 6 7 TS VP VP VP VP STAT 8 BAT 7 CSI 3 6 T2X 4 5 DRV VP 1 TS 2 STAT VSS 2 2 1 1 BAT CSI N/C T2X DRV VSS MSOP-8 (Top View) 3680.2006.03.1.6 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Absolute Maximum Ratings1 TA=25°C, unless otherwise noted. Symbol VP VCSI VT2X VBAT TJ ESD Description VP Relative to VSS CSI to GND T2X to GND BAT to GND Operating Junction Temperature Range ESD Rating Value Units -0.3 to 7.5 -0.3 to VP + 0.3 -0.3 to 5.5 -0.3 to VP + 0.3 -40 to 150 Note 2 V V V V °C kV Thermal Information3 Symbol Description ΘJA Maximum Thermal Resistance PD Maximum Power Dissipation Value TSOPJW-12 MSOP-8 TSOPJW-12 MSOP-8 Units 120 150 1.0 833 °C/W W mW Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol VP IDRV T Description Operation Input Voltage DRV Pin Sink Current Ambient Temperature Range Conditions Min 4.5 -20 Typ Max Units 7.0 40 70 V mA °C 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. IC devices are inherently ESD sensitive; handling precautions required. 3. Mounted on an FR4 printed circuit board. 3680.2006.03.1.6 3 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Electrical Characteristics VIN = 4.5V to 5.5V, TA = -20°C to 70°C, unless otherwise noted; typical values are at TA = 25°C. Symbol IP ISLEEP ISTAT(HI) VSTAT(LOW) ISINK VOL@DRV Description Conditions Operating Current Sleep Mode Current STAT High-Level Output Leakage Current STAT Low-Level Sink Current DRV Pin Sink Current DRV Pin Output Low VIN = 5.5V, VCH = 4.1V, VCH = 4.2V VIN = 3.5V, VCH = 4.1V, VCH = 4.2V VIN = 5.5V VCH Output Charge Voltage VCS Charge Current Regulation VMIN Preconditioning Voltage Threshold VTRICKLE T2X VTS1 VTS2 VTERM Trickle-Charge Current Regulation Trickle Charge Current Gain Low-Temperature Threshold High-Temperature Threshold Charge Termination Threshold Voltage VRCH Battery Recharge Voltage Threshold VUVLO VOVP VOCP Under-Voltage Lockout Over-Voltage Protection Threshold Over-Current Protection Threshold VIN = 5.5V, ISINK = 5mA VIN = 5.5V ISINK = 5mA, VIN = 5.5V T = 25°C AAT3680-4.1 A See Note 1 TA = 25°C AAT3680-4.2 See Note 1 VIN = 5.5V, VCH = 4.1V, VCH = 4.2V AAT3680-4.1 AAT3680-4.2 T2X Floating, VCH = 4.1V, VCH = 4.2V T2X = VSS VIN = 5.5V VIN = 5.5V VCH = 4.1V VCH = 4.2V VIN Rising, TA = 25°C Min Typ Max Units 0.5 2 3 6 +1 mA µA µA 0.3 0.6 0.4 4.100 4.100 4.200 4.200 100 3.0 3.1 10 1.8 30 60 12 4.00 4.10 4.0 4.4 200 1.0 4.125 4.141 4.225 4.242 110 3.06 3.16 V mA V -1 20 4.075 4.059 4.175 4.158 90 2.94 3.04 29.1 58.2 4 3.92 4.018 3.5 V mV V mV 30.9 61.8 24 4.08 4.182 4.5 % VP % VP mV V V V % VCS 1. The AAT3680 output charge voltage is specified over 0° to 50°C ambient temperature; operation over -20°C to +70°C is guaranteed by design. 4 3680.2006.03.1.6 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Functional Block Diagram Microcontroller Read Enable T2X CSI 2x Trickle Charge Control Loop Select MUX Driver Current Loop Error Amp DRV Microcontroller Status Generator STAT VREF Voltage Loop Error Amp Charge Status Logic Control MUX BAT Voltage Comparator TS VP LED Signal Generator Temperature Sense Comparator Power-On Reset UnderVoltage Lock Out Functional Description The AAT3680 is a linear charge controller designed for single-cell lithium-ion/polymer batteries. It is a full-featured battery management system IC with multiple levels of integrated power savings, system communication, and protection. Refer to the block diagram (above) and flow chart (Figure 1) in this section for details. Cell Preconditioning Before the start of charging, the AAT3680 checks several conditions in order to maintain a safe charging environment. The input supply must be above the minimum operating voltage, or under-voltage lockout threshold (VUVLO), for the charging sequence to begin. Also, the cell temperature, as reported by a thermistor connected to the TS pin, must be within the proper window for safe charging. When these conditions have been met and a battery is connected to the BAT pin, the AAT3680 checks the state of the battery. If the cell voltage is below VMIN, the AAT3680 begins preconditioning the cell. This is performed by charging the cell with 10% of the programmed constant current. For 3680.2006.03.1.6 VSS Over-Current / Short-Circuit Protection example, if the programmed charge current is 500mA, then the preconditioning mode (trickle charge) current will be 50mA. Cell preconditioning is a safety precaution for deeply discharged cells and, furthermore, limits power dissipation in the pass transistor when the voltage across the device is largest. The AAT3680 features an optional T2X mode, which allows faster trickle charging at approximately two times the default rate. This mode is selected by connecting the T2X pin to VSS. If an over-temperature fault is triggered, the fast trickle charge will be latched off, and the AAT3680 will continue at the default 10% charge current. Constant Current Charging Cell preconditioning continues until the voltage on the BAT pin reaches VMIN. At this point, the AAT3680 begins constant current charging (fast charging). Current level for this mode is programmed using a current sense resistor RSENSE between the VP and CSI pins. The CSI pin monitors the voltage across RSENSE to provide feedback for the current control loop. The AAT3680 remains in constant current charge mode until the battery reaches the voltage regulation point, VCH. 5 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Constant Voltage Charging Charge Cycle Termination, Recharge Sequence When the battery voltage reaches VCH during constant current mode, the AAT3680 transitions to constant voltage mode. The regulation voltage is factory programmed: 4.1V and 4.2V are available to support different anode materials in lithium-ion/polymer cells. In constant voltage operation, the AAT3680 monitors the cell voltage and terminates the charging cycle when the voltage across RSENSE decreases to approximately 10mV. After the charge cycle is complete, the AAT3680 latches off the pass device and automatically enters power-saving sleep mode. Either of two possible conditions will bring the IC out of sleep mode: the battery voltage at the BAT pin drops below VRCH (recharge threshold voltage) or the AAT3680 is reset by cycling the input supply through the power-on sequence. Falling below VRCH signals the IC that it is time to initiate a new charge cycle. Power On Reset Power On Reset UVLO No VP > VUVLO Shutdown Shut Down Mode Mode Yes Temperature Temperature Fault Fault No Temperature Test TS > VTS1 TS < VTS2 Yes Preconditioning Test VMIN > VBAT Yes Low Current Conditioning Low Current Charge Conditioning (TrickleCharge Charge) No Current Phase Test VCH > VBAT Yes Current Current Charging Charging Mode Mode No Voltage Phase Test VTERM < I BAT RSENSE Yes Voltage Voltage Charging Charging Mode Mode No < VRCH Charge Complete Charge Complete Latch Off Latch Off Figure 1: AAT3680 Operational Flow Chart. 6 3680.2006.03.1.6 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Sleep Mode When the input supply is disconnected, the charger automatically enters power-saving sleep mode. Only consuming an ultra-low 2µA in sleep mode, the AAT3680 minimizes battery drain when it is not charging.This feature is particularly useful in applications where the input supply level may fall below the battery charge or under-voltage lockout level. In such cases, where the AAT3680 input voltage drops, the device will enter sleep mode and automatically resume charging once the input supply has recovered from its fault condition. This makes the AAT3680 well suited for USB battery charger applications. 4.1V, but is still in the constant voltage mode because it has not yet reached 4.2V to complete the charge cycle. If the battery is removed and then placed back on the charger, the charge cycle will not resume until the battery voltage drops below the VRCH threshold. In another case, a battery under charge is in the constant current mode and the cell voltage is 3.7V when the input supply is inadvertently removed and then restored. The battery is below the VRCH threshold and the charge cycle will immediately resume where it left off. LED Display Charge Inhibit The AAT3680 charging cycle is fully automatic; however, it is possible to stop the device from charging even when all conditions are met for proper charging. Switching the TS pin to either VP or VSS will force the AAT3680 to turn off the pass device and wait for a voltage between the low- and high-temperature voltage thresholds. Resuming Charge and the VRCH Threshold The AAT3680 will automatically resume charging under most conditions when a battery charge cycle is interrupted. Events such as an input supply interruption or under voltage, removal and replacement of the battery under charge, or charging a partially drained battery are all possible. The AAT3680 will monitor the battery voltage and automatically resume charging in the appropriate mode based upon the measured battery cell voltage. This feature is useful for systems with an unstable input supply, which could be the case when powering a charger from a USB bus supply. This feature is also beneficial for charging or "topping off" partially discharged batteries. The only restriction on resuming charge of a battery is that the battery cell voltage must be below the battery recharge voltage threshold (VRCH) specification. There is VRCH threshold hysteresis built into the charge control system. This is done to prevent the charger from erroneously turning on and off once a battery charge cycle is complete. For example, the AAT3680-4.2 has a typical VRCH threshold of 4.1V. A battery under charge is above 3680.2006.03.1.6 Charge Status Output The AAT3680 provides a battery charge status output via the STAT pin. STAT is an open-drain serial data output capable of displaying five distinct status functions with one LED connected between the STAT pin and VP. There are four periods which determine a status word. Under default conditions, each output period is one second long; thus, one status word will take four seconds to display through an LED. The five modes include: 1. Sleep/Charge Complete: The IC goes into sleep mode when no battery is present -ORwhen the charge cycle is complete. 2. Fault: When an over-current (OC) condition is detected by the current sense and control circuit -OR- when an over-voltage (OV) condition is detected at the BAT pin -OR- when a battery over-temperature fault is detected on the TEMP pin. 3. Battery Conditioning: When the charge system is in the 1X or 2X trickle charge mode. 4. Constant Current (CC) Mode: When the system is in the constant current charge mode. 5. Constant Voltage (CV) Mode: When the system is in the constant voltage charge mode. An additional feature of the LED status display is for a Battery Not Detected state. When the AAT3680 senses there is no battery connected to the BAT pin, the STAT output will turn the LED on and off at a rate dependent on the size of the output capacitor being used. The LED cycles on for two periods then remains off for two periods. See Figure 2. 7 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Charge Status LED Display Output Status on/off on/off on/off on/off ON Sleep / Charge Complete off / off / off / off Temp., OC, OV Fault on / on / off / off Battery Conditioning on / on / on / on Constant Current Mode on / on / on / off Constant Voltage Mode on / off / off / off OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF Figure 2: LED Display Output. An additional feature is the Output Status for Battery Not Detected state. When the AAT3680 senses there is no battery connected to the BAT pin, the STAT pin cycles for two periods, then remains off for two periods. High-Speed Data Reporting A high-speed data reporting application schematic is shown in Figure 3. An optional system microcontroller interface can be enabled by pulling up the T2X pin to 4.5V to 5.5V during the power-up sequence. The T2X pin should be pulled high with the use of a 100kΩ resistor. If the input supply to VP will not exceed 5.5V, then the T2X pin may be tied directly to VP through a 100kΩ resistor. Since this is a TTL-level circuit, it may not be pulled higher than 5.5V without risk of damage to the device. When in high-speed data reporting, the AAT3680 will only trickle charge at the 2X trickle charge level. This is because the TX2 pin is pulled high to enable the high-speed data reporting. A status display LED may not be connected to the STAT pin when the high-speed data reporting is being utilized. If both display modes are required, the display LED must be switched out of the circuit before the T2X pin is pulled high. Failing to do so could cause problems with the high-speed switching control circuits internal to the AAT3680. When the high-speed data report feature is enabled, the STAT output periods are sped up to 40µs, making the total status word 160µs in length (see Figure 4). RSENSE 0.2 Q1 FZT788B BATT+ VP C2 10µF VP R1 2.5k DRV BATT- TX2 100k CSI BAT RT1 AAT3680 VP TS TEMP C1 4.7µF R2 100k VSS STAT RT2 C3 0.1µF Battery Pack STAT Figure 3: High-Speed Data Reporting Application Schematic. 8 3680.2006.03.1.6 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Charge Status Sleep / Charge Complete Output Status STAT Level HI / HI / HI / HI Temp., OC, OV Fault LO / LO / HI / HI Battery Conditioning LO / LO / LO / LO Constant Current Mode LO / LO / LO / HI Constant Voltage Mode LO / HI / HI / HI Figure 4: Microcontroller Interface Logic Output. Protection Circuitry The AAT3680 is a highly integrated battery management system IC including several protection features. In addition to battery temperature monitoring, the IC constantly monitors for over-current and over-voltage conditions. If an over-current situation occurs, the AAT3680 latches off the pass device to prevent damage to the battery or the system, and enters shutdown mode until the over-current event is terminated. An over-voltage condition is defined as a condition where the voltage on the BAT pin exceeds the maximum battery charge voltage. If an over-voltage condition occurs, the IC turns off the pass device until voltage on the BAT pin drops below the Preconditioning (Trickle Charge) Phase Constant Current Phase maximum battery charge constant voltage threshold. The AAT3680 will resume normal operation after the over-current or over-voltage condition is removed. During an over-current or over-voltage event, the STAT will report a FAULT signal. In the event of a battery over-temperature condition, the IC will turn off the pass device and report a FAULT signal on the STAT pin. After the system recovers from a temperature fault, the IC will resume operation in the 1X trickle charge mode to prevent damage to the system in the event a defective battery is placed under charge. Once the battery voltage rises above the trickle charge to constant current charge threshold, the IC will resume the constant current mode. Constant Voltage Phase Output Charge Voltage (VCH) Preconditioning Voltage Threshold (VMIN) Regulation Current (ICHARGE(REG)) Trickle Charge and Termination Threshold Figure 5: Typical Charge Profile. 3680.2006.03.1.6 9 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Applications Information Choosing an External Pass Device (PNP or PMOS) The AAT3680 is designed to work with either a PNP transistor or P-channel power MOSFET. Selecting one or the other requires looking at the design tradeoffs, including performance versus cost issues. Refer to the following design guide for selecting the proper device. PNP Transistor In this design example, we will use the following conditions: VP = 5V (with 10% supply tolerance), ICHARGE(REG) = 600mA, 4.2V single cell lithium-ion pack. VP is the input voltage to the AAT3680, and ICHARGE(REG) is the desired fast-charge current. 1. The first step is to determine the maximum power dissipation (PD) in the pass transistor. Worst case is when the input voltage is the highest and the battery voltage is the lowest during fast-charge (this is referred to as VMIN, nominally 3.1V when the AAT3680-4.2 transitions from trickle charge to constant current mode). In this equation, VCS is the voltage across RSENSE. PD = (VP(MAX) - VCS - VMIN) ⋅ ICHARGE(REG) = (5.5V - 0.1V - 3.1V) ⋅ 600mA = 1.38W 2. The next step is to determine which size package is needed to keep the junction temperature below its rated value, TJ(MAX). Using this value and the maximum ambient temperature inside the system TA(MAX), calculate the thermal resistance RθJA required: RθJA = = (TJ(MAX) - TA(MAX)) PD (150 - 40) 1.38 It is recommended to choose a package with a lower RθJA than the number calculated above. A SOT223 package would be an acceptable choice, as it has an RθJA of 62.5°C/W when mounted to a PCB with adequately sized copper pad soldered to the heat tab. 3. Choose a collector-emitter (VCE) voltage rating greater than the input voltage. In this example, VP is 5.0V, so a 15V device is acceptable. 4. Choose a transistor with a collector current rating at least 50% greater than the programmed ICHARGE(REG) value. In this example, we would select a device with at least a 900mA rating. 5. Calculate the required current gain (β or hFE); β > 200: βMIN = = IC(MAX) IB(MIN) 0.60 0.02 = 30 where IC(MAX) is the collector current (which is the same as ICHARGE(REG)), and IB(MIN) is the minimum amount of base current drive shown in Electrical Characteristics as ISINK. Important Note: The current gain (β or hFE) can vary by a factor of three over temperature and drops off significantly with increased collector current. It is critical to select a transistor with β, at full current and lowest temperature, greater than the βMIN calculated above. In summary, select a PNP transistor with ratings VCE ≥ 15V, RθJA ≤ 80°C/W, IC ≥ 900mA, βMIN ≥ 30 in a SOT223 (or better thermal) package. P-Channel Power MOSFET The following conditions apply to Figure 6, for use with the AAT3680-4.2V version: VP = 5V (with 10% supply tolerance), ICHARGE(REG) = 750mA, 0.4V Schottky diode, 4.2V single cell lithium-ion battery pack. VP is the input voltage to the AAT3680, and ICHARGE(REG) is the desired fast-charge current. = 80°C/W 10 3680.2006.03.1.6 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller RSENSE 0.2Ω Q1 RFD10P03L BATT+ VP R4 C2 10µF 100k R1 1k DRV T2X BATT- VP CSI BAT RT1 AAT3680 VP TS TEMP VSS STAT C1 4.7µF D1 Battery Pack RT2 R2 1k Figure 6: Typical Applications Schematic Using a P-Channel Power MOSFET with the AAT3680-4.2. 1. The first step is to determine the maximum power dissipation (PD) in the pass transistor. Worst case is when the input voltage is the highest and the battery voltage is the lowest during fast-charge (this is referred to as VMIN, nominally 3.1V when the AAT3680-4.2 transitions from trickle charge to constant current mode). In this equation, VCS is the voltage across RSENSE, and VD is the voltage across the reverse current blocking diode. Refer to section below titled Schottky Diode for further details. Omit the value for VD in the equation below if the diode is not used. PD = (VP(MAX) - VCS - VD - VMIN) ⋅ ICHARGE(REG) = (5.5V - 0.1V - 0.4V - 3.1V) ⋅ 750mA = 1.4W 2. The next step is to determine which size package is needed to keep the junction temperature below its rated value, TJ(MAX). Using this value, and the maximum ambient temperature inside the system TA(MAX), calculate the thermal resistance RθJA required: 3680.2006.03.1.6 RθJA = = (TJ(MAX) - TA(MAX)) PD (150 - 40) 1.4 = 79°C/W It is recommended to choose a package with a lower RθJA than the number calculated above. A SOT223 package would be an acceptable choice, as it has an RθJA of 62.5°C/W when mounted to a PCB with an adequately sized copper pad soldered to the heat tab. 3. Choose a drain-source (VDS) voltage rating greater than the input voltage. In this example, VP is 5.0V, so a 12V device is acceptable. 4. Choose a MOSFET with a drain current rating at least 50% greater than the programmed ICHARGE(REG) value. In this example, we would select a device with at least a 1.125A rating. 11 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller 5. Calculate the required threshold voltage to deliver ICHARGE(REG): VGS = (VCS + VOL@DRV) - VP(MIN) = (0.1V + 0.1V) - 4.5V = - 4.3V where VGS is the available gate-to-source voltage provided by the AAT3680, VCS is the voltage across the sense resistor, VOL@DRV is the rated low voltage at the DRV pin, and VP(MIN) is the worst case input voltage (assuming 10% tolerance on the 5V supply). Choose a MOSFET device with sufficiently low VGS(TH) so the device will conduct the desired ICHARGE(REG). 6. Calculate the worst case maximum allowable RDS(ON) at worst case VGS voltage: RDS(ON) = = (VP(MIN) - VCS(MAX) - VBAT(MAX)) ICHARGE(REG) (4.5V - 0.11V - 4.242V) 0.75A = 197mΩ In summary, select a P-channel MOSFET with ratings VDS ≥ 12V, RθJA ≤ 79°C/W and RDS(ON) ≤ 197mΩ at VGS = -4.3V in a SOT223 (or better thermal) package. Choosing a Sense Resistor The charging rate recommended by lithiumion/polymer cell vendors is normally 1C, with a 2C absolute maximum rating. Charging at the highest recommended rate offers the advantage of shortened charging time without decreasing the battery lifespan. This means that the suggested fast charge rate for a 500mAH battery pack is 500mA. The current sense resistor, RSENSE, programs the charge current according to the following equation: 12 P= = (VCS)2 RSENSE (0.1)2 0.2 = 50mW A 500mW LRC type sense resistor from IRC is adequate for this purpose. Higher value sense resistors can be used, decreasing the power dissipated in the sense resistor and pass transistor. The drawback of higher value sense resistors is that the charge cycle time is increased, so tradeoffs should be considered when optimizing the design. Thermistor Select a P-channel power MOSFET with RDS(ON) lower than 197mΩ at VGS = -4.3V. RSENSE = Where ICHARGE(REG) is the desired typical charge current during constant current charge mode. VP-VCSI is the voltage across RSENSE, shown in the Electrical Characteristic table as VCS. To program a nominal 500mA charge current during fast-charge, a 200mΩ value resistor should be selected. Calculate the worst case power dissipated in the sense resistor according to the following equation: The AAT3680 checks battery temperature before starting the charge cycle, as well as during all stages of charging. This is accomplished by monitoring the voltage at the TS pin. Either a negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) or positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) can be used because the AAT3680 checks to see that the voltage at TS is within a voltage window bounded by VTS1 and VTS2. Please see the equations below for specifying resistors: RT1 and RT2 for use with NTC Thermistor RT1 = 5 ⋅ RTH ⋅ RTC 3 ⋅ (RTC - RTH) RT2 = 5 ⋅ RTH ⋅ RTC (2 ⋅ RTC) - (7 ⋅ RTH) (VP - VCSI) ICHARGE(REG) 3680.2006.03.1.6 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller RT1 and RT2 for use with PTC Thermistor RT1 = 5 ⋅ RTH ⋅ RTC 3 ⋅ (RTC - RTH) 5 ⋅ RTH ⋅ RTC RT2 = (2 ⋅ RTH) - (7 ⋅ RTC) Where RTC is the thermistor's cold temperature resistance and RTH is the thermistor's hot temperature resistance. See thermistor specifications for information. To ensure there is no dependence on the input supply changes, connect the divider between VP and VSS. Disabling the temperaturemonitoring function is achieved by applying a voltage between VTS1 and VTS2 on the TS pin. Capacitor Selection Input Capacitor In general, it is good design practice to place a decoupling capacitor between the VP and VSS pins. An input capacitor in the range of 1µF to 10µF is recommended. If the source supply is unregulated, it may be necessary to increase the capacitance to keep the input voltage above the under-voltage lockout threshold. If the AAT3680 is to be used in a system with an external power supply source, such as a typical AC-to-DC wall adapter, then a CIN capacitor in the range of 10µF should be used. A larger input capacitor in this application will minimize switching or power bounce effects when the power supply is "hot plugged" in. Output Capacitor The AAT3680 does not need an output capacitor for stability of the device itself. However, a capacitor connected between BAT and VSS will control the output voltage when the AAT3680 is powered up when no battery is connected. The AAT3680 can become unstable if a high impedance load is placed across the BAT pin to VSS. Such a case is possible with aging lithium-ion/polymer battery cells. As cells age through repeated charge and discharge cycles, the internal impedance can rise over time. A 10µF or larger output capacitor will compensate for the adverse effects of a high- 3680.2006.03.1.6 impedance load and assure device stability over all operating conditions. Operation Under No-Load Conditions Under no-load conditions, that is when the AAT3680 is powered with no battery connected between the BAT pin and VSS, the output capacitor is charged up very quickly by the trickle charge control circuit to the BAT pin until the output reaches the recharge threshold (VRCH). At this point, the AAT3680 will drop into sleep mode. The output capacitor will discharge slowly by the capacitor's own internal leakage until the voltage seen at the BAT pin drops below the VRCH threshold. This 100mV cycle will continue at approximately 3Hz with a 0.1µF capacitor connected. A larger capacitor value will produce a slower voltage cycle. This operation mode can be observed by viewing the STAT LED blinking on and off at the rate established by the COUT value. For desktop charger applications, where it might not be desirable to have a "charger ready" blinking LED, a large COUT capacitor in the range of 100µF or more would prevent the operation of this mode. Reverse Current Blocking Diode Bipolar Circuit Application When using the AAT3680 with a PNP transistor, a reverse blocking diode is not required because there is no current path from BAT to VP. However, it is advisable to still place a blocking diode between the bipolar transistor collector and the BAT pin connection to the circuit output. In the event where the input supply is interrupted or removed during the constant current or constant voltage phases of the charging cycle, the battery under charge will discharge through the circuit pass transistor, rendering it impossible to turn off. If the circuit is unable to turn off, the reverse leakage will eventually discharge the battery. A blocking diode will prevent this undesirable effect. MOSFET Circuit Application A reverse blocking diode is generally required for the circuit shown in Figure 6. For this application, the blocking diode gives the system protection from a shorted input, when the AAT3680 is used 13 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller with a P-channel MOSFET. If there is no other protection in the system, a shorted input could discharge the battery through the body diode of the pass MOSFET. If a reverse-blocking diode is added to the system, a device should be chosen which can withstand the maximum constant current charge current at the maximum system ambient temperature. Diode Selection Typically, a Schottky diode is used in reverse current blocking applications with the AAT3680. Other lower cost rectifier type diodes may also be used if sufficient input power supply headroom is available. The blocking diode selection should based on merits of the device forward voltage (VF), current rating, and input supply level versus the maximum battery charge voltage and cost. Where: PD(MIN) = Minimum power rating for a diode selection VF = Diode forward voltage ICC = Constant current charge level for the system Schottky Diodes Schottky diodes are selected for this application because they have a low forward voltage drop, typically between 0.3V and 0.4V. A lower VF permits a lower voltage drop at the constant current charge level set by the system; less power will be dissipated in this element of the circuit. Schottky diodes allow for lower power dissipation, smaller component package sizes, and greater circuit layout densities. VF(TRAN) = Pass transistor forward voltage drop Rectifier Diodes Any general-purpose rectifier diode can be used with the AAT3680 application circuit in place of a higher cost Schottky diode. The design trade-off is that a rectifier diode has a high forward voltage drop. VF for a typical silicon rectifier diode is in the range of 0.7V. A higher VF will place an input supply voltage requirement for the battery charger system. This will also require a higher power rated diode since the voltage drop at the constant current charge amplitude will be greater. Refer to the previously stated equations to calculate the minimum VIN and diode PD for a given application. VF(DIODE) = Blocking diode forward voltage PCB Layout Based on the maximum constant current charge level set for the system, the next step is to determine the minimum current rating and power handling capacity for the blocking diode. The constantcurrent charge level itself will dictate what the minimum current rating must be for a given blocking diode. The minimum power handling capacity must be calculated based on the constant current amplitude and the diode forward voltage (VF): For the best results, it is recommended to physically place the battery pack as closely as possible to the AAT3680's BAT pin. To minimize voltage drops in the PCB, keep the high current carrying traces adequately wide. For maximum power dissipation in the pass transistor, it is critical to provide enough copper to spread the heat. Refer to the AAT3680 demo board PCB layout in Figures 8, 9, and 10. First, determine the minimum diode forward voltage drop requirement. Refer to the following equation: VIN(MIN) = VBAT(MAX) + VF(TRAN) + VF(DIODE) Where: VIN(MIN) = Minimum input supply level VBAT(MAX) = Maximum required battery PD(MIN) = 14 charge voltage VF ICC 3680.2006.03.1.6 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Evaluation Board Schematic Figure 8: AAT3680 Demo Board Silk Screen / Assembly Drawing. Figure 9: AAT3680 Demo Board Component Side Layout. Figure 10: AAT3680 Demo Board Solder Side Layout. 3680.2006.03.1.6 15 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Evaluation Board Bill of Materials PNP Transistor Example Designator R3 R2 RT1 RT2 R1 C2 Header/SW1 C1 C3 R4 U1 D1 D2 D3 Q1 Part Type 0.2Ω, 0.5 Watt 1kΩ, 5% 100kΩ, 5% 100kΩ, 5% 3.9kΩ, 5% 1µF Footprint 1206 1206 0805 0805 0805 1206 2mm, 3 Pos 10µF 10µF Not Populated Li-Ion Charge Controller IC Green LED 1.0A Schottky Diode 0.0Ω Jumper PNP Transistor Manufacturer Part Number IRC Various Various Various Various MuRata LRC1206-01-R200F Sullins 1206 1206 MuRata MuRata PRPN031PAEN Select with Starting Jumper GRM42-6X5R75K10 GRM42-6X5R106K16 MSOP-8 1206 SMA AnalogicTech Various Diodes Inc. AAT3680IKS-4.2-T1 SOT223 Zetex F2T968 B340LA P-Channel Power MOSFET Example Designator Part Type Footprint R3 R2 RT1 RT2 R1 C2 0.2Ω, 0.5W 1kΩ, 5% 100kΩ, 5% 100kΩ, 5% 1kΩ, 5% 1µF 1206 1206 0805 0805 0805 1206 Header/SW1 2mm, 3 Pos C1 C3 R4 U1 D1 D2 D3 Q1 16 10µF 10µF 100kΩ, 5% Li-Ion Charge Controller IC Green LED 0.0Ω Jumper 1.0A Schottky Diode 30V P-Ch MOSFET, 0.2Ω Manufacturer Part Number IRC Various Various Various Various MuRata LRC1206-01-R200F Sullins 1206 1206 0805 MSOP-8 1206 MuRata MuRata Various AnalogicTech Various SMA TO-252 Diodes Inc. Various PRPN031PAEN Select with Starting Jumper GRM42-6X5R75K10 GRM42-6X5R106K16 AAT3680IKS-4.2 B340LA RFD10P03L 3680.2006.03.1.6 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller Ordering Information Output Voltage Package Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 MSOP-8 4.2V ESXYY AAT3680IKS-4.2-T1 TSOPJW-12 4.2V ESXYY AAT3680ITP-4.2-T1 All AnalogicTech products are offered in Pb-free packaging. The term “Pb-free” means semiconductor products that are in compliance with current RoHS standards, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. For more information, please visit our website at http://www.analogictech.com/pbfree. Package Information MSOP-8 4° ± 4° 4.90 ± 0.10 3.00 ± 0.10 1.95 BSC 0.95 REF 0.60 ± 0.20 PIN 1 3.00 ± 0.10 0.85 ± 0.10 0.95 ± 0.15 10° ± 5° GAUGE PLANE 0.254 BSC 0.155 ± 0.075 0.075 ± 0.075 0.65 BSC 0.30 ± 0.08 All dimensions in millimeters. 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on all part numbers listed in BOLD. 3680.2006.03.1.6 17 AAT3680 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Linear Battery Charge Controller TSOPJW-12 2.85 ± 0.20 2.40 ± 0.10 0.10 0.20 +- 0.05 0.50 BSC 0.50 BSC 0.50 BSC 0.50 BSC 0.50 BSC 7° NOM 0.04 REF 0.055 ± 0.045 0.15 ± 0.05 + 0.10 1.00 - 0.065 0.9625 ± 0.0375 3.00 ± 0.10 4° ± 4° 0.45 ± 0.15 0.010 2.75 ± 0.25 All dimensions in millimeters. © Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech product. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. AnalogicTech warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with AnalogicTech’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed. Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. 830 E. Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Phone (408) 737-4600 Fax (408) 737-4611 18 3680.2006.03.1.6