eorex (Preliminary) EP3101 150 KHz, 3A Asynchronous Step-down Converter Features Description • Output Voltage: 3.3V, 5V, 12V and Adjustable Output Version • Adjustable Version Output Voltage Range, 1.23V to 37V ±4% • 150KHz±15% Fixed Switching Frequency • Voltage Mode Asynchronous PWM Control • Thermal-shutdown and Current-limit Protection • ON/OFF Shutdown Control Input • Operating Voltage can be up to 40V • Output Load Current: 3A • Low Power Standby Mode • Built-in on Chip Switching Transistor • TO263-5L and TO220-5L Packages The EP3101 series are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down DC/DC converter, capable of driving a 3A load without additional transistor component. Requiring a minimum number of external components, the board space can be saved easily. The external shutdown function can be controlled by TTL logic level and then come into standby mode. The internal compensation makes feedback control have good line and load regulation without external design. Regarding protected function, thermal shutdown is to prevent over temperature operating from damage, and current limit is against over current operating of the output switch. The EP3101 series operates at a switching frequency of 150KHz thus allowing smaller sized filter frequency switching regulators. Other features include a guaranteed ±4％ tolerance on output voltage under specified input voltage and output load conditions, and ±15 ％ on the oscillator frequency. The output version includes fixes 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and an adjustable type. The packages are available in a standard 5-lead TO-220(T) package and a 5-lead TO-263(U).. Applications • Simple High-efficiency Step-down Regulator • On-card Switching Regulators • Positive to Negative Converter Typical Application Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 1/13 eorex EP3101 Pin Assignment 1 VIN 2 3 4 GND SW 5 EN FB TO220-5L Ordering Information EP3101 - X X X Buck Regulator Package : TO263-5L : TO220-5L VOUT Packing Blank: Adj 33 = 3.3V 50 = 5V 12 = 12V R: Taping & Reel B: Bag Pin Description Pin Name Function 1 VIN This is the positive input supply for the IC switching regulator. A suitable input bypass capacitor must be present at this pin to minimize voltage transients and to supply the switching currents needed by the regulator. Internal switch. The voltage at this pin switches between (+VIN-VSAT) and approximately-0.5V, with a duty cycle of approximately VOUT/VIN. To minimize coupling to sensitive circuitry, the PC board copper area connected to this pin should be kept a minimum. 2 SW 3 GND 4 FB Senses the regulated output voltage to complete the feedback loop. EN Low enable. Allows the switching regulator circuit to be shutdown using logic level signals thus dropping the total input supply current to approximately 150uA. Pulling this pin below a threshold voltage of approximately 1.3V turns the regulator on, and pulling this pin above 1.3V (up to a maximum of 40V) shuts the regulator down. If this shutdown feature is not needed, the EN pin can be wired to the ground pin or it can be left open, in either case the regulator will be in the ON condition. 5 Circuit ground. Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 2/13 eorex EP3101 Absolute Maximum Rating (Note 1) Symbol Item VIN Input Supply Voltage V EN EN Pin Input Voltage Feedback Pin Voltage Output Voltage to Ground Operating Voltage Power Dissipation Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range VFB VOUT VOP PD TOP TSTG Rating Units +45 V -0.3 ~ +25 V -0.3 ~ +25 -1 +4.5 ~+25 Internally Limited -40 ~ +125 -65 ~ +150 V V V W °C °C Electrical Characteristics (Note 2) Unless otherwise specified, VIN=12V for 3.3V, 5V, adjustable version and VIN=24V for the 12V version. ILOAD=0.5A Symbol IFB Parameter Feedback Bias Current FOSC Oscillator Frequency VSAT Saturation Voltage DC ICL IL Max. Duty Cycle (ON) Min. Duty Cycle (OFF) Current Limit Output=0 Output=-1 IQ ISTBY Output Leakage Current Conditions Min. VFB=1.3V (Adjustable version only) Typ. 40 127 150 110 IOUT=3A no outside circuit VFB=0V force driver on VFB=0V force driver on VFB=12V force driver off Peak Current no outside circuit VFB=0V force driver on Max. 60 100 173 173 1.3 1.4 1.5 100 0 3.6 4.0 No outside circuit VFB=12V fore driver off Units nA KHz V % 5.5 6.5 200 A µA VIN=40V 2 30 mA Quiescent Current VFB=12V force driver off 5 mA Standby Quiescent Current EN pin=5V VIN=40V 10 250 300 EN Pin Logic Input Threshold 150 VIL VIH Voltage Low (regulator ON) High (regulator OFF) IH EN Pin Logic Input Current VLOGIC=2.5V (OFF) 15 25 IL EN Pin Input Current VLOGIC=0.5V (ON) 0.02 5 θJC Thermal Resistance TO220-5L TO263-5L Junction to Case 2.5 3.5 °C/W θJA Thermal Resistance with Copper Area of Approximately 3in2 TO220-5L TO263-5L Junction to Ambient 28 23 °C/W 2.0 1.3 0.6 µA V µA Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2:100% production test at +25°C. Specifications over the temperature range are guaranteed by design and characterization. Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 3/13 eorex EP3101 Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Symbol VFB η VOUT η VOUT η VOUT η Parameter Output Feedback EP3101-ADJ Efficiency Output Voltage EP3101-3.3V Efficiency Output Voltage EP3101-5V Conditions 4.5V<VIN<40V 0.2A<ILOAD<3A VOUT programmed for 3V Units 1.23 1.193/1.18 1.267/1.28 V VMIN VMAX 73 4.75V<VIN<40V 0.2A<ILOAD<3A 3.3 VIN=12V, ILOAD=3A 73 Output Voltage 15V<VIN<40V 0.2A<ILOAD<3A VIN=15V, ILOAD=3A 3.168/3.135 3.432/3.465 4.8/4.75 5.2/5.25 7V<VIN<40V 0.2A<ILOAD<3A VIN=12V, ILOAD=3A Efficiency Limit VIN=12V, ILOAD=3A Efficiency EP3101-12V Typ. 80 11.52/11.4 12.48/12.6 90 % V VMIN VMAX % V VMIN VMAX % V VMIN VMAX % P.S. Specifications with boldface type are for full operating temperature range, the other type are for TJ=25ºC. Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 4/13 Threshold Voltage (V) Supply Voltage (V) Saturation Voltage (V) Efficiency (%) Switch Current Limit (A) Output Voltage (V) eorex EP3101 Typical Performance Characteristics Jul. 2006 5/13 www.eorex.com eorex EP3101 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 6/13 eorex EP3101 Functional Block Diagram EN 5 1 Current Source Bias 1.235V Reference 2.5V Regulator Start up 200mV VIN 200mV + Comp Comp + FB 4 + Amp - Frequency Compensation Comp + Pre-driver 3A Switch 2 SW 3 GND 150KHz OSC Thermal Shutdown Applications Information (1) Fixed Type Circuit Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 7/13 eorex EP3101 Applications Information (Continued) (2) Adjustable Type Circuit ⎛ ⎝ VOUT= VFB × ⎜1 + R1 ⎞ ⎟ R2 ⎠ VFB=1.23V R2=1K ~ 3K (3) Delay Start Circuit Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 8/13 eorex EP3101 Buck Regulator Design Procedure Given: VOUT = Regulated Output Voltage (3.3V, 5V or 12V) VIN(max) = Maximum DC Input Voltage ILOAD(max) = Maximum Load Current F = Switching Frequency (Fixed at a nominal 150KHz) 1. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A low ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) electrolytic capacitors between 82μF and 820μF and low ESR solid tantalum capacitors between 10μF and 470μF provide the best results. This capacitor should be located close to the IC using short capacitor leads and short copper traces. Do not use capacitors larger than 820μF. The capacitor voltage rating for electrolytic capacitors should be at least 1.5 times greater than the output voltage. 2. Catch Diode Selection (D1) The catch diode current rating must be at least 1.3 times greater than the maximum load current. Also, if the power supply design must withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have a current rating equal to the maximum current limit of the EP3101. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. This diode must have short reverse recovery time and must be located close to the EP3101 using short leads and short printed circuit traces. Because of their fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best performance and efficiency, and should be the first choice, especially in low output voltage applications. Ultra-fast recovery diodes typically have reverse recovery times of 50ns or less. 3. Input Capacitor (CIN) A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed to prevent large voltage transients from appearing at the input. In addition, the RMS current rating of the input capacitor should be selected to be at least 1⁄2 the DC load current. The capacitor manufacturer’s data sheet must be checked to assure that this current rating is not exceeded. For aluminum electrolytic, the capacitor voltage rating should be approximately 1.5 times the maximum input voltage. 4. Programming Output Voltage (Selecting R1 and R2, as shown in Adjustable Type Circuit) Use the following formula to select the appropriate resistor values. ⎛ ⎝ VOUT =VREF × ⎜1 + R1 ⎞ ⎟ where VREF =1.23V R2 ⎠ Select a value for R2 between 240Ω and 1.5KΩThe lower resistor values minimize noise pickup in the sensitive feedback pin. (For the lowest temperature coefficient and the best stability with time, use 1% metal film resistors.) 5. Inductor Selection (L1) Calculate the inductor Volt • microsecond constant E • T (V •μs), from the following formula: E•T = (VIN-VOUT-VSAT) • VOUT + VD • 1000 VIN − VSAT + VD 150KHz (V•μs) where VSAT = internal switch saturation voltage = 1.16V and VD = diode forward voltage drop = 0.5V On the horizontal axis selects the maximum load current. Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 9/13 eorex EP3101 Thermal Considerations The EP3101 is available in two packages, a 5-pin TO-220 and a 5-pin surface mount TO-263. The TO-220 package needs a heat sink under most conditions. The size of the heatsink depends on the input voltage, the output voltage, the load current and the ambient temperature. The EP3101 junction temperature rises above ambient temperature for a 3A load and different input and output voltages. The data for these curves was taken with the EP3101 (TO-220 package) operating as a buck switching regulator in an ambient temperature of 25°C (still air). These temperature rise numbers are all approximate and there are many factors that can affect these temperatures. Higher ambient temperatures require more heat sinking. The TO-263 surface mount package tab is designed to be soldered to the copper on a printed circuit board. The copper and the board are the heat sink for this package and the other heat producing components, such as the catch diode and inductor. The PC board copper area that the package is soldered to should be at least 0.4 in2, and ideally should have 2 or more square inches of 2 oz. Additional copper area improves the thermal characteristics, but with copper areas greater than approximately 6 in2, only small improvements in heat dissipation are realized. If further thermal improvements are needed, double sided, multilayer PC board with large copper areas and/or airflow are recommended. The EP3101 (TO-263 package) junction temperature rise above ambient temperature with a 2A load for various input and output voltages. This data was taken with the circuit operating as a buck switching regulator with all components mounted on a PC board to simulate the junction temperature under actual operating conditions. This curve can be used for a quick check for the approximate junction temperature for various conditions, but be aware that there are many factors that can affect the junction temperature. When load currents higher than 2A are used, double sided or multilayer PC boards with large copper areas and/or airflow might be needed, especially for high ambient temperatures and high output voltages. For the best thermal performance, wide copper traces and generous amounts of printed circuit board copper should be used in the board layout. (Once exception to this is the output (switch) pin, which should not have large areas of copper.) Large areas of copper provide the best transfer of heat (lower thermal resistance) to the surrounding air, and moving air lowers the thermal resistance even further. Package thermal resistance and junction temperature rise numbers are all approximate, and there are many factors that will affect these numbers. Some of these factors include board size, shape, thickness, position, location, and even board temperature. Other factors are, trace width, total printed circuit copper area, copper thickness, single or double-sided, multilayer board and the amount of solder on the board. The effectiveness of the PC board to dissipate heat also depends on the size, quantity and spacing of other components on the board, as well as whether the surrounding air is still or moving. Furthermore, some of these components such as the catch diode will add heat to the PC board and the heat can vary as the input voltage changes. For the inductor, depending on the physical size, type of core material and the DC resistance, it could either act as a heat sink taking heat away from the board, or it could add heat to the board. Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 10/13 eorex EP3101 Delayed Startup The circuit in Figure 1 uses the EN pin to provide a time delay between the time the input voltage is applied and the time the output voltage comes up (only the circuitry pertaining to the delayed start up is shown). As the input voltage rises, the charging of capacitor C1 pulls the EN pin high, keeping the regulator off. Once the input voltage reaches its final value and the capacitor stops charging, and resistor R2 pulls the EN pin low, thus allowing the circuit to start switching. Resistor R1 is included to limit the maximum voltage applied to the EN pin (maximum of 25V), reduces power supply noise sensitivity, and also limits the capacitor, C1, discharge current. When high input ripple voltage exists, avoid long delay time, because this ripple can be coupled into the EN pin and cause problems. This delayed startup feature is useful in situations where the input power source is limited in the amount of current it can deliver. It allows the input voltage to rise to a higher voltage before the regulator starts operating. Buck regulators require less input current at higher input voltages. 1 +VIN C1 0.1uF CIN 680uF + R1 47K VIN EP3101 EN 5 GND 3 R2 47K Figure 1-Delayed Startup Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 11/13 eorex EP3101 Package Description TO263-5L DIM MILLIMETERS INCHES MIN. NOM. MAX. MIN. NOM. MAX. A 4.07 4.46 4.85 0.160 0.176 0.191 B 0.66 0.84 1.02 0.026 0.033 0.040 c 0.36 0.50 0.64 0.014 0.020 0.025 c1 1.14 1.27 1.40 0.045 0.050 0.055 D 9.78 10.16 10.54 0.385 0.400 0.415 E 8.65 9.15 9.65 0.341 0.360 0.380 e 1.57 1.71 1.85 0.062 0.068 0.073 L 14.61 15.24 15.88 0.575 0.600 0.625 L1 − − 2.92 − − 0.115 L2 2.29 2.54 2.79 0.090 0.100 0.110 Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 12/13 eorex EP3101 Package Description (Continued) TO220-5L DIM MILLIMETERS INCHES MIN. NOM. MAX. MIN. NOM. MAX. A 4.07 4.45 4.82 0.160 0.175 0.190 A1 2.29 2.74 3.18 0.090 0.108 0.125 b 0.76 0.89 1.02 0.030 0.035 0.040 c 0.36 0.50 0.64 0.014 0.020 0.025 c1 1.14 1.27 1.40 0.045 0.050 0.055 D 9.78 10.16 10.54 0.385 0.400 0.415 E 14.22 14.86 15.50 0.560 0.585 0.610 e 1.57 1.71 1.85 0.062 0.067 0.073 e1 6.68 6.81 6.93 0.263 0.268 0.273 L 13.21 13.97 14.73 0.520 0.550 0.580 L1 5.46 6.16 6.86 0.215 0.243 0.270 Q 2.54 2.73 2.92 0.100 0.107 0.115 φP 3.68 3.81 3.94 0.145 0.150 0.155 Jul. 2006 www.eorex.com 13/13