PHOTODIODE Photodiode array with amplifier S8865 series Photodiode array combined with signal processing circuit chip S8865 series is a Si photodiode array combined with a signal processing circuit chip. The signal processing circuit chip is formed by CMOS process and incorporates a timing generator, shift register, charge amplifier array, clamp circuit and hold circuit, making the external circuit configuration simple. A long, narrow image sensor can also be configured by arranging multiple arrays in a row. For X-ray detection applications, types with fluorescent paper affixed on the active area are also available. Features Applications l Large element pitch: 2 types available S8865-64: 0.8 mm pitch × 64 ch S8865-128: 0.4 mm pitch × 128 ch l 5 V power supply operation l Simultaneous integration by using a charge amplifier array l Sequential readout with a shift register (Data rate: 1 MHz Max.) l Low dark current due to zero-bias photodiode operation l Integrated clamp circuit allows low noise and wide dynamic range l Integrated timing generator allows operation at two different pulse timings l Types with phosphor screen affixed on the active area are available for X-ray detection: S8865-64G/S8865-128G l Long line sensors l Line sensors for X-ray detection ■ Mechanical specifications Symbol * P W H - Parameter Element pitch Element diffusion width Element height Number of elements Active area length *1: Refer to following figure. S8865-64 0.8 0.7 0.8 64 51.2 S8865-128 0.4 0.3 0.6 128 51.2 Unit mm mm mm mm H ■ Enlarged view of active area W PHOTODIODE DIFFUSION AREA P KMPDC0072EA 1 Photodiode array with amplifier S8865 series ■ Absolute maximum ratings Parameter Supply voltage Reference voltage Photodiode voltage Gain selection terminal voltage Master/slave selection voltage Clock pulse voltage Reset pulse voltage External start pulse voltage Operating temperature * Storage temperature *2 : No condensation Symbol Vdd Vref Vpd Rated value -0.3 to +6 -0.3 to +6 -0.3 to +6 Unit V V V Vgain -0.3 to +6 V Vms -0.3 to +6 V V (CLK) V (RESET) -0.3 to +6 -0.3 to +6 V V V (EXTST) -0.3 to +6 V Topr Tstg -5 to +60 -10 to +70 °C °C ■ Recommended terminal voltage Parameter Supply voltage Reference voltage Photodiode voltage Gain selection terminal voltage Master/slave selection voltage Clock pulse voltage Reset pulse voltage Symbol Vdd Vref Vpd High gain Low gain High level *! Low level *" High level Low level High level Low level High level Low level External start pulse voltage *3 : Parallel *4 : Serial at 2nd or later stages Vgain Vms V (CLK) V (RESET) V (EXESP) Min. 4.75 4 Vdd-0.25 0 Vdd-0.25 0 Vdd-0.25 0 Vdd-0.25 0 Vdd-0.25 0 Typ. 5 4.5 Vref Vdd Vdd Vdd Vdd Vdd - Max. 5.25 Vdd Vdd+0.25 0.4 Vdd+0.25 0.4 Vdd+0.25 0.4 Vdd+0.25 0.4 Vdd+0.25 0.4 Unit V V V V V V V V V V V V V ■ Electrical characteristics [Ta=25 °C, Vdd=5 V, V (CLK)=V (RESET)=5 V] Parameter Symbol Clock pulse frequency *# f (CLK) Output impedance Zo Power consumption P High gain Charge amp feedback Cf capacitance Low gain * 5: Video data rate is 1/4 of clock pulse frequency f (CLK). 2 Min. 40 - S8865-64 Typ. 3 100 0.5 1 Max. 4000 - Min. 40 - S8865-128 Typ. Max. 4000 3 180 0.5 1 - Unit kHz kW mW pF S8865 series Photodiode array with amplifier ■ Electrical/optical characteristics [Ta=25 °C, Vdd=5 V, V (CLK)=V (RESET)=5 V, Vgain=5 V (High gain), 0 V (Low gain)] Parameter Symbol Spectral response range Peak sensitivity wavelength High gain Dark output voltage *$ Low gain Saturation output voltage High gain Saturation exposure *% Low gain High gain Photo sensitivity Low gain Photo response non-uniformity *& High gain Noise *' Low gain Output offset voltage * l lp Min. S8865-64 Typ. - 720 0.02 0.01 3.5 0.8 1.6 4400 2200 1 0.6 Vref Vd Vsat Esat S PRNU N Vos Max. Min. 200 to 1000 0.2 0.1 ±10 - S8865-128 Typ. Max. 720 0.01 0.005 3.5 2.4 4.8 1500 750 1 0.6 Vref 0.1 0.05 ±10 - Unit nm nm mV V mlx·s V/lx·s % mVrms V *6: Integration time ts=1 ms *7: Measured with a 2856 K tungsten lamp. *8: When the photodiode array is exposed to uniform light which is 50 % of the saturation exposure, the Photo Response NonUniformity (PRNU) is defined as follows: PRNU = DX/X × 100 (%) where X is the average output of all elements and DX is the difference between the maximum and minimum outputs. *9: Measured with a video data rate of 50 kHz and Ts=1 ms in dark state. *10: Video output is negative-going output with respect to the output offset voltage. ■ Output waveform of one element ■ Spectral response (measurement example) PHOTO SENSITIVITY (A/W) SATURATION OUTPUT VOLTAGE Vsat=3.5 V Typ. OUTPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE Vref=4.5 V Typ. (Ta=25 ˚C) 0.5 DARK STATE 1 V Typ. SATURATION STATE 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 GND KMPDC0152EA 0 200 400 ■ Block diagram RESET 1 CLK 2 600 800 1000 1200 WAVELENGTH (nm) KMPDB0220EA EXTSP Vms Vdd GND 4 5 6 7 3 TRIG SHIFT REGISTER 8 EOS 9 Video TIMING GENERATOR Vref 10 HOLD CIRCUIT Vgain 11 CHARGE AMP ARRAY Vpd 12 1 2 3 4 5 N-1 N PHOTODIODE ARRAY KMPDC0153EA 3 Photodiode array with amplifier S8865 series ■ Timing chart 1 2 3 4 5 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 CLK RESET tpw (RESET1) tpw (RESET2) 8 CLOCKS 8 CLOCKS INTEGRATION TIME VIDEO OUTPUT PERIOD Video 1 2 n-1 n Trig EOS tf (CLK) tr (CLK) tpw (CLK1) tpw (CLK2) t1 tf (RESET) tpw (RESET1) t2 tpw (RESET2) tr (RESET) KMPDC0154EB Parameter Clock pulse width Clock pulse rise/fall times Reset pulse width 1 Reset pulse width 2 Reset pulse rise/fall times Clock pulse-reset pulse timing 1 Clock pulse-reset pulse timing 2 Symbol tpw (CLK1), tpw (CLK2) tr (CLK), tf (CLK) tpw (RESET1) tpw (RESET2) tr (RESET), tf (RESET) t1 t2 Min. 125 0 10 20 0 -20 -20 Typ. 20 20 0 0 Max. 12500 30 30 20 20 Unit ns ns µs µs ns ns ns 1. The internal timing circuit starts operation at a fall of CLK immediately after a RESET pulse sets to Low. 2. When a fall of CLK is counted as "1 clock", the video signal at the 1st channel appears between "18.5 clocks and 20 clocks". Then a video signal appears every 4 clocks. 3. Signal charge integration time equals the High period of a RESET pulse. However, the charge integration does not start at the rise of a RESET pulse but starts at the 8th clock after the rise of the RESET pulse and ends at the 8th clock after the fall of the RESET pulse. Signals integrated within this period are sequentially read out as time-series signals by the shift register operation when the RESET pulse next changes from High to Low. The rise and fall of a RESET pulse must be synchronized with the fall of a CLK pulse, but the rise of a RESET pulse must be set outside the video output period. One cycle of RESET pulses cannot be set shorter than the time equal to "(video signal readout period 16.5 + 4) × N (number of pixels)" clocks. 4 S8865 series Photodiode array with amplifier ■ Dimensional outline (unit: mm) 51.2 +0.2 -0 (× 12) 0.76 P 2.54 × 11 = 27.94 1.27 5.0 SIGNAL PROCESSOR IC CHIP 12 PHOTODIODE ARRAY 2.54 12.0 11 8.0 * PHOSPHOR SCREEN *12 5.6 40.0 3.0 25.0 ± 0.1 1 (× 4) 1.6 2.2 PHOTODIODE 1 ch DIRECTION OF SCAN KMPDA0164EB *11: Distance from the bottom of the board to the center of active area Board: G10 glass epoxy Connector: PRECI-DIP DURTAL 800-10-012-20-001 *12:Photodiode array with phosphor screen: S8865-64G/-128G only · Material Gd2O2S: Tb · Phosphor thickness 300 µm Typ. · Detectable energy range 30k to 100 keV ■ Pin connection Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Symbol RESET CLK Trig EXTSP Vms Vdd GND EOS Video Vref Vgain Vpd Name Reset pulse Clock pulse Trigger pulse External start pulse Master/slave selection supply voltage Supply voltage Ground End of scan Video output Reference voltage Gain selection terminal voltage Photodiode voltage Note Pulse input Pulse input Positive-going pulse output Pulse input Voltage input Voltage input Negative-going pulse output Negative-going output with respect to Vref Voltage input Voltage input Voltage input ■ Gain selection terminal voltage setting Vdd: High gain (Cf: 0.5 pF) GND: Low gain (Cf: 1 pF) ■ Master/slave selection voltage Vms and external start pulse EXTSP settings Set to A in the table below in most cases. To sequentially read out signals from two or more sensors linearly connected, set the 1st sensor to A and the 2nd or later sensors to B. The CLK and RESET pulses should be shared with each sensor and the video output terminal of each sensor connected together. A B Parallel readout, serial readout at 1st sensor Serial readout at 2nd and later sensors Vms Vdd GND EXTSP Vdd Preceding sensor EOS should be input ■ Readout circuit Check that pulse signals meet the required pulse conditions before supplying them to the input terminals. Video output should be amplified by an operational amplifier that is connected close to the sensor. 5 Photodiode array with amplifier S8865 series ■ Cautions during use (1) The signal processing circuit chips of S8865 series are protected against static electricity. However, in order to prevent possible damage to the chip, implement electrostatic countermeasures such as grounding of the operator, work table and tools. Furthermore, the devices must be protected against surge voltages from external equipment. (2) Since the photodiode array chip is not protected, handle it carefully so it will not become contaminated or scratched. Photodiode array performance may deteriorate if operated at high temperatures and humidity, so the housing should be designed to be airtight. The signal processing circuit chip and its wire bonding are covered with a resin coating for protection, but never touch these portions. In addition, take care when installing the board so that it does not warp. (3) S8865-64G, -128G Signal processing IC chip performance will drop if subjected to X-rays. Protect the IC chip from X-rays by installing a lead shield. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2004 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Solid State Division 1126-1 Ichino-cho, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, 435-8558 Japan, Telephone: (81) 53-434-3311, Fax: (81) 53-434-5184, http://www.hamamatsu.com U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P.O.Box 6910, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1) 908-231-0960, Fax: (1) 908-231-1218 Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49) 08152-3750, Fax: (49) 08152-2658 France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: 33-(1) 69 53 71 00, Fax: 33-(1) 69 53 71 10 United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44) 1707-294888, Fax: (44) 1707-325777 North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvägen 12, SE-171 41 Solna, Sweden, Telephone: (46) 8-509-031-00, Fax: (46) 8-509-031-01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39) 02-935-81-733, Fax: (39) 02-935-81-741 6 Cat. No. KMPD1071E01 Jan. 2004 DN