AGILENT HFBR-4663

Single Chip 10BASE-FL
Transceiver
Technical Data
HFBR-4663
General Description
The HFBR-4663 Single Chip
10BASE-FL Transceiver is a
highly integrated circuit for IEEE
802.3 10Base-FL transceivers.
This product, when used with
HP’s fiber-optic transmitters and
receivers (HFBR-14X4 and
HFBR-2416), ensures
compliance to the 10Base-FL
Standard with a minimum
number of external components
and board space.
The HFBR-4663 offers a standard
IEEE 802.3 AU interface that
allows it to be directly connected
to industry standard manchester
encoder/decoder chips or an AUI
connector. The fiber-optic LED
driver offers a current drive
output that directly drives the
HFBR-14X4 transmitter. The data
quantizer section of the HFBR4663 is directly compatible with
the output of the HFBR-24X6
fiber-optic receiver and is capable
of accepting input signals as low
as 2 mVp-p with a 55 dB dynamic
range.
The transmitter automatically
inserts 1 MHz signal during idle
time and removes this signal on
reception. Low light is continuously monitored for both activity
as well as power level. Five LED
status indicators monitor error
conditions as well as transmissions, receptions, and collisions.
Features
• Single Chip Solution for
10BASE-FL Internal or
External Medium
Attachment Units (MAUs)
• Specifically Designed for Use
with HFBR-14X4 and HFBR24X6 Fiber-optic
Transmitters and Receivers
• Incorporates an AU Interface
• Highly Stable Data Quantizer
with 55 dB Input Dynamic
Range
• Input Sensitivity as Low
as 2 mVP-P
• Current Driven Fiber Optic
LED Driver for Accurate
Launch Power
• Single +5 Volt Supply
• No Crystal or Clock
Required
• Five Network Status LED
Outputs
• Available in 28 Pin PCC
Package
• Semi-Standard Option
Available
CAUTION: The small junction sizes inherent to the design of this component increase the component's susceptibility to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in
handling and assembly of this component to prevent damage and/or degradation which may be induced by
ESD.
5965-8597E (5/97)
77
Block Diagram
VCCTx
(+5 V)
SQEN/JABD
AVCC
GND
+5 V
RTSET
Tx+
Tx-
FIBER OPTIC
LED
DRIVER
AUI
RECEIVER
TxOUT
XMT
Tx
SQUELCH
RCV
1 MHz IDLE
SIGNAL
LED
DRIVERS
JABBER
CLSN
JAB
LMON
SQE
COL+
AUI
DRIVER
COL-
BIAS
RECEIVE SQUELCH
10 MHz GATED
OSCILLATOR
VIN+
AMP
Tx
Rx+
AUI
DRIVER
Rx-
LOOPBACK
MUX
VIN-
Rx
CMP
VDC
VREF
LINK DETECT
RRSET
GND
78
VCC
(+5 V)
+5 V
LBDIS
AGND
CTIMER
VREF
VTHADJ
Pin Connection
COL-
COL+
CLSN
JAB
AVCC
4
3
2
1
28
27
VIN+
CTIMER
28 – PIN PCC Q – 28
SQEN/JABD
5
26
25
Rx+
6
24
AGND
VIN-
21
VDC
Tx+
10
20
GND
Tx-
11
GND
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
18
TxOUT
9
VCCTx
VCC
RCV
VREF
XMT
VTHADJ
22
LMON
23
8
RRSET
7
RTSET
RxLBDIS
TOP VIEW
Pin Description
Pin
Name
Function
1
CLSN
Indicates that a collision is taking place. Active low LED driver, open collector.
Event is extended with internal timer for visibility.
2
3
COL+
COL-
Gated 10 MHz oscillation used to indicate a collision, SQE test, or jabber.
Balanced differential line driver outputs that meet AUI specifications.
4
CTIMER
A capacitor from this pin to VCC determines the Link Monitor response time.
5
SQEN/JABD
SQE Test Enable, jabber Disable. When tied low, SQE test is disabled, when tied
high SQE test is enabled. When tied to 2.0 V both SQE test and jabber are
disabled.
6
7
Rx+
Rx-
Manchester encoded receive data output to the local device. Balanced
differential line driver outputs that meet AUI specifications.
8
LBDIS
Loopback Disable. When this pin is tied to VCC, the AUI transmit pair data is not
looped back to the AUI receive pair, and collision is disabled. When this pin is
tied to GND (normal operation) or left floating, the AUI transmit pair data is
looped back to the AUI receiver pair, except during collision.
9
VCC
+5 V power input.
10
11
Tx+
Tx-
Balanced differential line receiver inputs that meet AUI specifications. These
inputs may be transformer or capacitively coupled. The Tx input pins are
internally DC biased for AC coupling.
12
RTSET
Sets the current driven output of the transmitter.
13
RRSET
A 1% 61.9 kΩ resistor tied from this pin to VCC sets the biasing currents for
internal nodes.
14
LMON
Link Monitor “Low Light” LED status output. This pin is pulled low when the
voltage on the VIN+, VIN- inputs exceed the minimum threshold set by the VTHADJ
pin, and there are transitions on VIN+, VIN- indicating an idle signal or active
data. If either the voltage on the VIN+, VIN- inputs fall below the minimum
threshold or transitions cease on VIN+, VIN-, LMON will go high. Active low LED
driver, open collector.
79
Pin Description (cont.)
Pin
Name
Function
15
XMT
Indicates that transmission is taking place. Active low LED driver, open
collector. Event is extended with internal timer for visibility.
16
RCV
Indicates that the transceiver is receiving a frame from the optical input. Active
low LED driver, open collector. Event is extended with internal timer for
visibility.
17
VCCTx
+5 V supply for fiber optic LED driver.
18
TxOUT
Fiber optic LED driver output.
19
GND
Ground Reference.
20
GND
Ground Reference.
21
VDC
An external capacitor on this pin integrates an error signal which nulls the
offset of the input amplifier. If the DC feedback loop is not being used, this pin
should be connected to VREF.
22
VREF
A 2.5 V reference with respect to GND.
23
VTHADJ
This input pin sets the link monitor threshold.
24
AGND
Analog Filtered Ground.
25
VIN-
This input pin should be capacitively coupled to the input source or to filtered
AVCC. (The input resistance is approximately 1.3 kΩ.)
26
VIN+
This input pin should be capacitively coupled to the input source or to filtered
AVCC. (The input resistance is approximately 1.3 kΩ.)
27
AVCC
Analog Filtered +5 V.
28
JAB
Jabber network status LED. When in the jabber state, this pin will be low and
the transmitter will be disabled. In the jabber “OK” state this pin will be high.
Active low LED, open collector.
Absolute Maximum Ratings[1]
Parameter
Storage Temperature
Operating Temperature
Lead Soldering Cycle
Temperature
Lead Soldering Cycle Time
Power Supply Voltage Range
Input Voltage Range
Input Current
Output Current
80
Symbol
TS
TA
VCC
Digital Inputs (SQEN, LBDIS)
Tx+, Tx-, VIN+, VINRRSET, RTSET, JAB, CLSN,
XMT, RCV, LMON
TxOUT
Min.
-65
0
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
Max.
+150
70
260
Units
C
C
C
10
6.0
6.0
6.0
60
sec
V
V
V
mA
70
mA
Operating Conditions
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
4.75
5.0
5.25
Supply Voltage (VCC)
LED on Current
Units
V
10
mA
RRSET
61.9 k ± 1%
Ω
RTSET
140 ± 1%
Ω
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, TA = 0°C to 70°C, VCC = VCCTx = 5 V ± 5% [2,3]
Parameter
Condition
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
Power Supply Current ICC:
While Transmitting
VCC = 5 V, RTSET = 140 Ω[4]
220
mA
LED Drivers: VCC
IOL = 10 mA[5]
0.8
V
Transmit Peak Output Current[6]
RTSET = 140 Ω
47
52
57
mA
Transmit Squelch Voltage Level
(Tx+, Tx-)
-300
-250
-200
mV
Differential Output Voltage
(Rx± , COL± )
± 550
± 1200
mV
Common Mode Output Voltage
(Rx± , COL± )
4.0
Differential Output Voltage
Imbalance (Rx± , COL± )
SQE/JABD
LBDIS Threshold
SQE Test Disable
Both Disabled
Both Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
1.5
VCC - 0.5
V
± 40
mV
0.3
VCC - 2
V
V
V
VCC - 0.1
1
V
V
Common Mode Voltage (Tx+, Tx-)
3.5
V
Common Mode Voltage (VIN+, VIN-)
1.65
V
Reference Voltage
2.35
2.45
VREF Output Source Current
Amplifier Gain
2.55
V
5
mA
100
Input Signal Range
External Voltage at VTHADJ to
Set VTH
V/V
2
1600
mVP-P
0.5
2.7
V
Input Offset
VDC = VREF (DC loop active)
3
mV
Input Referred Noise
50 MHz BW
25
µV
Input Resistance
VIN+, VIN-
Input Bias Current of VTHADJ
Input Threshold Voltage
Hysteresis
VTHADJ = VREF[7]
0.8
1.3
2.0
kΩ
-200
10
+200
µA
5
6
7
mVP-P
20
%
81
AC Electrical Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max. Units
Transmit
tTXNPW
Transmit Turn-On Pulse Width
tTXFPW
Transmit Turn-Off Pulse Width from Data to Idle
tTXLP
20
400
ns
2100
ns
Transmit Loopback Start-up Delay
500
ns
tTXODY
Transmit Turn-On Delay
100
ns
tTXIDF
Transmit Idle Frequency
0.85
1.25
MHz
tTXDC
Transmit Idle Duty Cycle
45
55
%
tTXSDY
Transmit Steady State Propagation delay
50
ns
tTXJ
Transmit Jitter into 31 Ω Load
± 1.5
ns
4.5
MHz
270
ns
15
Receive
tRXSFT
Receive Squelch Frequency Threshold
2.51
tRXODY
Receive Turn-On Delay
tRXFX
Last Bit Received to Slow Decay Output
tRXSDY
Receive Steady State Propagation Delay
tRXJ
Receive Jitter
tAR
Differential Output Rise Time 20% to 80% (Rx± , COL± )
4
ns
tAF
Differential Output Fall Time 20% to 80% (Rx± , COL± )
4
ns
230
300
15
ns
50
ns
± 1.5
ns
Collision
tCPSQE
Collision Present to SQE Assert
0
350
ns
tSQEXR
Time for SQE to Deactivate After Collision
0
700
ns
tCLF
Collision Frequency
8.5
11.5
MHz
tCLPDC
Collision Pulse Duty Cycle
40
60
%
tSQEDY
SQE Test Delay (Tx Inactive to SQE)
0.6
1.6
µs
tSQETD
SQE Test Duration
0.5
1.0
1.5
µs
50
Jabber and LED Timing
`
tJAD
Jabber Activation Delay
20
70
150
ms
tJRT
Jabber Reset Unjab Time
250
450
750
ms
tJSQE
Delay from Outputs Disabled to Collision Oscillator On
tLED
RCV, CLSN, XMT On Time
8
16
32
ms
tLLPH
Low Light Present to LMON High
3
5
10
µs
tLLCL
Low Light Present to LMON Low
250
750
ms
100
ns
Notes:
1. Absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which the life of the integrated circuit may be impaired. All voltages unless otherwise
specified are measured with respect to ground.
2. Limits are guaranteed by 100% testing, sampling, or correlation with worst-case test conditions.
3. Low Duty Cycle pulse testing is performed at TA.
4. This does not include the current from the AUI pull-down resistors, or LED status otuputs.
5. LED drivers can sink up to 20 mA, but VOL will be higher.
6. Does not include pre-bias current for fiber optic LED which would typically be 3 mA.
7. Threshold for switching from Link Fail ot Link Pass (Low Light).
82
VCC
C11
0.1
R15
1.5 K Ω
R17
1.5 K Ω
R16
1.5 K Ω
D2
HLMP-1790
D3
HLMP-1790
R19
1.5 K Ω
R18
1.5 K Ω
D4
HLMP-1700
D5
HLMP-1719
U12
R20
1.5 K Ω
D6
HLMP-1790
1
D7
HLMP-1700
9
1
2
1
C11 MUST BE
PHYSICALLY CLOSE
TO U3
10
1
R14
1K Ω
3
C12
0.1
11
4
1
23
VREF
RX+
VTHADJ
C3
0.01
+VRF
R13
00
–VRF
R1 10 Ω
R8
100 Ω ±1%
U1
5 HFBR-24X6
6
0.1
5
12
7
10
8
9
R7
360 Ω
1
5
R9
61.9 K Ω
±1%
27
24 20
19
83
–VRF
Figure 1. HFBR-4663 Schematic Diagram.
7
15
8
DB 15
1
1
R11
5KΩ
R10
3KΩ
9
VCC
–VRF
10
+VRF
VIN
U2
LM2574
5
FB
OUT
3
12
L1
470 µH
4
D1
1N5817
+VRF
L2
4.7 µH
C7
470
±20%
L3
NOTES:
4.7 µH
1. ALL RESISTORS ±5% UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN.
2. ALL CAPACITORS ±10% UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN.
3. THE HFBR-4663 DATA SHEET (PUBLICATION #5091-7391E 4/93)
CONTAINS ERRORS THAT HAVE SUBSEQUENTLY BEEN
CORRECTED IN THIS SCHEMATIC.
4. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN µF.
+
4
(+12 VOLTS
FROM AUI
CONNECTOR)
14
1
C10
0.1
13
6
+
7
13
6
2
3
4
13
R6 360 Ω
7
C6
22
C2
0.01
1
R5
10 39 Ω
6
C13
5
R4 39 Ω
11
+
8
SQE
12
C1
0.1
RX–
2
16
PE65728
15
ON
R12
0
VIN–
1
R3
360 Ω
2
12
U4
SGND
22
TX+
U5
HFBR-4663
VIN+
R2
360 Ω
3
VCC
25
VDC
GND
26
TX–
C TIMER
GND
21
COL+
–VRF
C5 0.1
COL–
LBDIS
+VRF
4
4
15
XMT
5
C4 0.047
RCV
8
HFBR-14X4
TXVCC
16
1
CLSN
3
TXOUT
JAB
17
7
MON
18
6
RRSET
2
RTSET
U3
28
VGND
14
∞
8
C9
0.1
C8
10
±20%
–VRF
System Description
Figure 1 shows a schematic
diagram of the HFBR-4663 in an
internal or external 10BASE-FL
MAU. On one side of the
transceiver is the AU interface
and the other is the fiber optic
interface. The AU interface is AC
coupled when used in an external
transceiver or an internal
transceiver. The AU interface for
an external transceiver includes
isolation transformers, some
biasing resistors, and a voltage
regulator for power.
The fiber optic side of the
transceiver requires an external
fiber optic transmitter and fiber
optic receiver. The transmitter
uses a current driven output that
directly drives the fiber optic
transmitter. The receive side of
the transceiver accepts the data
after passing through a fiber optic
receiver, which consists of a
module containing a pin diode
and a transimpedance amplifier.
AU Interface
The AU interface consists of 3
pairs of signals, DO, CI and DI as
shown in Figure 1. The DO pair
contains transmit data from the
DTE which is received by the
transceiver and sent out onto the
fiber optic cable. The DI pair
contains valid data that has been
either received from the fiber
optic cable or looped back from
the DO and output through the DI
pair to the DTE. The CI pair
indicates whether a collision has
occurred. It is an output that
oscillates at 10 MHz if a collision,
jabber or SQE Test has taken
place, otherwise it remains idle.
84
When the transceiver is external,
these three pairs are AC coupled
through isolation transformers,
while an internal transceiver may
be capacitively coupled. Tx+, Txis internally DC biased (shifted up
in voltage) for the proper
common mode input voltage.
The two 39 Ω 1% resistors (or
one 78 Ω 1% resistor) tied to he
Tx+ and Tx- pins will provide the
proper termination. The CI and DI
pair, which are output from the
transceiver to the AUI cable,
require 360 Ω pull down resistors
when terminated with a 78 Ω
load. However on a DTE card, CI
and DI do not need 78 Ω
terminating resistors. This also
means that the pull down resistors
on CI and DI can be 1 kΩ or
greater depending upon the
particular Manchester encoder/
decoder chip used. Using higher
value pull down resistors as in a
DTE card will save power.
The AUI drivers are capable of
driving the full 50 meters of cable
length and have a rise and fall
time of typically 4 ns. In the idle
state, the outputs go to the same
voltage to prevent DC standing
current in the isolation
transformers.
low light condition. When Tx+ is
more negative than Tx-, the
HFBR-4663 will sink current into
the chip and the fiber optic LED
will emit light.
Before data will be transmitted
onto the fiber optic cable from
the AU interface, it must exceed
the squelch requirements for the
DO pair. The Tx squelch circuit
serves the function of preventing
any noise from being transmitted
onto the fiber. This circuit rejects
signals with pulse widths less than
typically 20 ns (negative going),
or with levels less than -250 mV.
Once Tx squelch circuit has
unsquelched, it looks for the start
of idle signal to turn on the
squelch circuit again. The
transmitter turns on the squelch
again when it receives an input
signal at Tx+, Tx- that is more
positive than -250 mV for more
than approximately 180 ns.
At the start of a packet transmission, no more than 2 bits are
received from the DO circuit and
not transmitted onto the fiber
optic cable. The difference
between start-up delays (bit loss
plus steady-state propagation
delay) for any two packets that
are separated by 9.6 µs or less
will not exceed 200 ns.
Transmission
The transmit function consists of
detecting the presence of data
from the AUI DO input (Tx+, Tx-)
and driving that data onto the
fiber optic LED transmitter. A
positive signal on the Tx+ lead
relative to the Tx- lead of the DO
circuit will result in no current,
hence the fiber optic LED is in a
Fiber Optic LED Driver
The output stage of the transmitter is a current mode switch
which controls the output light by
sinking current through the LED
into the TxOUT pin. Once the
current requirement for the LED
is determined, the RTSET resistor
is selected. The following
equation is used to select the
VCC
correct RTSET resistor:
RTSET=
(
)
52 mA
––––––
IOUT
l62 Ω
The transmitter enters the idle
state when it detects start of idle
on Tx+ and Tx- input pins. After
detecting the start of idle, the
transmitter switches to a 1 MHz
output idle signal.
The output current is switched
through the TxOUT pin during the
on cycle and the VCCTx pin during
the off cycle as shown in figure 2.
Since the sum of the current in
these two pins is constant, VCCTx
should be connected as close as
possible to the VCC connection for
the LED.
If not driving an optical LED
directly, a differential output can
be generated by tying resistors
from VCCTx and TxOUT to VCC as
shown in Figure 3. The minimum
voltage on these two pins should
not be less than VCC - 2 V.
VCCTx
TxOUT
51 Ω
51 Ω
RTSET = 560 Ω
IOUT = 15.9 mA
51 Ω
ECL
VCCTx
TxOUT
Figure 3. Converting Optical LED Driver Output to Differential ECL.
Reception
Loopback
The input to the transceiver
comes from a fiber optic receiver
as shown in figure 1. At the start
of packet reception no more than
2.7 bits are received from the
fiber cable and not transmitted
onto the DI circuit. The receive
squelch will reject frequencies
lower than 2.51 MHz.
The loopback function emulates a
10BASE-T transceiver whereby
the transmit data sent by the DTE
is looped back over the AUI
receive pair. Some LAN
controllers use this loopback
information to determine whether
a MAU is connected by
monitoring the carrier sense while
transmitting. The software can
use this loopback information to
determine whether a MAU is
connected to the DTE by
checking the status of carrier
sense after each packet
transmission.
While in the unsquelch state, the
receive squelch circuit looks for
the start of idle signal at the end
of the packet. Start of idle occurs
when the input signal remains idle
for more than 160 ns. When start
of idle is detected, the receive
squelch circuit returns to the
squelch state and the start of idle
signal is output on the DI circuit
(Rx+, Rx-).
Collision
IOUT
Figure 2. Fiber Optic LED Driver
Structure.
Whenever the receiver and the
transmitter are active at the same
time the chip will activate the
collision output, except when
loopback is disabled (LBDIS =
Vcc). The collision output is a
differential square wave matching
the AUI specifications and
capable of driving a 78 Ω load.
The frequency of the square wave
is 10 MHz ± 15% with a 60/40 to
40/60 duty cycle. The collision
oscillator also is activated during
SQE Test and jabber.
When data is received by the chip
while transmitting, a collision
condition exits. This will cause
the collision oscillator to turn on
and the data on the DI pair will
follow VIN+, VIN-. After a collision
is detected, the collision oscillator
will remain on until either DO or
VIN+, VIN- go idle.
Loopback can be disabled by
strapping LBDIS to VCC. In this
mode the chip operates as a full
duplex transmitter and receiver,
and collision detection is disabled.
A loopback through the
transceiver can be accomplished
by tying the fiber transmitter to
the receiver.
85
SQE Test Function Signal
Quality Error
The SQE test function allows the
DTE to determine whether the
collision detect circuitry is
functional. After each transmission, during the inter packet
gap time, the collision oscillator
will be activated for typically 1 µs.
The SQE test will not be activated
if the chip is in the low light state,
or the jabber on state.
For SQE to operate, the SQEN pin
must be tied to VCC. This allows
the MAU to be interfaced to a
DTE. The SQE test can be
disabled by tying the SQEN pin to
ground, for a repeater interface.
Jabber Function
Requirements
The Jabber function prevents a
babbling transmitter from
bringing down the network.
Within the transceiver is a Jabber
timer that starts at the beginning
of each transmission and resets at
the end of each transmission. If
the transmission lasts longer than
20 ms the jabber logic disables
the transmitter, and turns on the
collision signal COL+, COL-.
When Tx+ and Tx- finally go idle,
a second timer measures 0.5
seconds of idle time before the
transmitter is enabled and
collision is turned off. Even
though the transmitter is disabled
during jabber, the 1 MHz idle
signal is still transmitted.
respective pins through a 500 Ω
resistor to 5 volts.
The XMT, RCV and CLSN pins
have pulse stretchers on them
which enable the LEDs to be
visible. When transmission or
reception occurs, the LED XMT,
RCV or CLSN status pins will
activate low for several milliseconds. If another transmit,
receive or collision condition
occurs before the timer expires,
the LED timer will reset and
restart the timing. Therefore rapid
events will leave the LEDs
continuously on. The JAB and
LMON LEDs do not have pulse
stretchers on them since their
conditions occur long enough for
the eye to see.
Low Light Condition
The LMON LED output is used to
indicate a low light condition.
LMON is activated low when both
the receive power exceeds the
Link Monitor threshold and there
are transitions on VIN+, VIN- less
than 3 µs apart. If either one of
these conditions do not exist,
LMON will go high.
Input Amplifier
The VIN+, VIN- input signal is fed
into a limiting amplifier with a
gain of about 100 and input
resistance of 1.3 kΩ. Maximum
sensitivity is achieved through the
use of a DC restoration feedback
loop and AC coupling the input.
When AC coupled, the input DC
bias voltage is set by an on-chip
network at about 1.7 V. These
coupling capacitors, in
conjunction with the input
impedance of the amplifier,
establish a high pass filter with 3
dB corner frequency, fL, at
1
fL = ––––––––
2π1300C
Since the amplifier has a differential input, two capacitors of
equal value are required. If the
signal driving the input is single
ended, one of the coupling
capacitors can be tied to AVCC as
shown in Figure 1.
The internal amplifier has a
lowpass filter built-in to band
limit the input signal which in
turn will improve the signal noise
ratio.
Although the input is AC coupled,
the offset voltage within the
amplifier will be present at the
amplifier’s output. This is
represented by VOS in Figure 4. In
order to reduce this error a DC
feedback loop is incorporated.
This negative feedback loop nulls
the offset voltage, forcing VOS to
be zero. Although the capacitor
on VDC is non-critical, the pole it
creates can affect the stability of
the feedback loop. To avoid
stability problems, the value of
this capacitor should be at least
10 times larger than the input
coupling capacitors.
LED Drivers
The HFBR-4663 has five LED
drivers. The LED driver pins are
active low, and the LEDs are
normally off (except for LMON).
The LEDs are tied to their
VOUT+
VOS
VOUT-
Figure 4.
86
The comparator is a high-speed
differential zero crossing detector
that slices and accurately digitizes
the receive signal. The output of
the comparator is fed in parallel
into both the receive squelch
circuit and the loopback MUX.
Link Detect Circuitry and
Low Light
The link detect circuit monitors
the input signal and determines
when the input falls below a
preset voltage level. When the
input falls below a preset voltage,
the HFBR-4663 goes into the Low
Light state. In the Low Light state
the transmitter is disabled, but
continues sending the I MHz idle
signal, the loopback is disabled,
the receiver is disabled and the
LMON LED pin goes to high
shutting off the LMON LED. To
return to the Link Pass state, the
optical receiver power must be
20% higher than the shut-off
state. This built-in hysteresis adds
stability to the Link Monitor
circuit. Once the receiver power
threshold is exceeded, the HFBR4663 waits 250 ms to 750 ms,
then checks to see that Tx+, Txis idle and no data is being
received before re-enabling the
transmitter, receiver, loopback
circuit, and lighting up the LMON
LED.
The VTHADJ pin is used to adjust
the sensitivity of the receiver. The
HFBR-4663 is capable of
exceeding the 10BASE-FL
specifications for sensitivity. The
sensitivity is dependent on the
layout of the PC board. A good
low noise layout will exceed the
10BASE-FL specifications, while a
poor layout will fail to meet the
sensitivity and BER spec.
The threshold generator shifts the
reference voltage at VTHADJ
through a circuit which has a
temperature coefficient matching
that of the limiting amplifier. The
relationship between the VTHADJ
and the VTH (the peak to peak
input threshold) is:
VTHADJ = 408 VTH
state the link can be switched on
if the input exceeds the set
threshold for a time given by:
CTIMER x 0.7 V
T= ––––––––––––
700 µA
(2)
In a 10BASE-FL receiver, there
must be less than 1 x 10-9 bit
errors at a receive power level of 32.5 dBm average. One procedure
to determine the sensitivity of a
receiver is to start at the lowest
optical power level and gradually
increase the optical power until
the BER is met. In this case the
Link Detect circuit must not
disable the receiver (i.e. VTHADJ
should be tied to Ground). Once
the sensitivity of the receiver is
determined, VTHADJ can be set just
above the power level that meets
the BER specification. This way
the receiver will shut-off before
the BER is exceeded.
For 10-BASE-FL, VTHADJ can be
tied directly to VREF. However if
greater sensitivity is required the
circuit in Figure 5 can be used to
adjust the VTHADJ voltage. Even if
VREF is tied to VTHADJ, it is a good
idea to layout a board with these
two resistors available. This will
allow potential future adjustments
without board revisions.
The response time of the Link
Detect circuit is set by the CTIMER
pin. Starting from the link off
VREF
REF
R1
VTHADJ
THRESH
GEN
R2
Figure 5.
To switch the link from on to off,
the above time will be doubled. A
value of 0.05 µF will meet the
10BASE-FL specifications.
Differences between
10BASE-FL and FOIRL
10BASE-FL is an improved
version of the original FOIRL
standard. The 10BASE-FL
standard allows backward
compatibility of a 10BASE-FL
transceiver with a FOIRL
transceiver. The main improvements incorporated into 10BASEFL are that it can attach to a DTE
by adding the SQE test, and the
distance has been increased from
1 km to 2 km. The other
differences are much more subtle.
87
1. SQE Test: The FOIRL
standard did not include the
option of attaching a fiber
transceiver to a DTE. Adding the
SQE test to 10BASE-FL enables a
10BASE-FL transceiver to attach
to a DTE.
2. 0 to at Least 2 Km Distance:
The FOIRL standard specifies a 1
km distance while 10BASE-FL
specifies 2 km. The additional 1
km distance for 10BASE-FL
comes from an increased flux
budget for the cable of 3.5 dB.
This 3.5 dB increase came from
an increase of 2.5 dB sensitivity
for the receiver and a 1 dB
improvement for the transmitter.
The following table illustrates the
transmit and receive power
requirements for the two
standards. Note: FOIRL specifies
optical power in peak and
10BASE-FL specifies it in
average. Subtracting 3 dB from
peak will give the average. In the
table below the FOIRL
specifications were converted
from peak to average power.
3. MAU State Diagrams are
Different: The state diagrams for
10BASE-FL are similar to
10BASE-T, while the state
Transmit/Receive
Average Power
diagrams for FOIRL are slightly
different. The differences are in
the AUI loopback, and in the link
integrity function.
AUI Loopback - In 10BASE-FL
the DO to DI loopback is always
disabled during a collision, and
optical receive data is passed
through to DI. For FOIRL there
are some cases where loopback
continues (i.e. DO looped to DI)
during a collision, and others
where loopback is disabled
during a collision. 10BASE-FL is
identical to 10BASE-T in this
case. Please refer to the IEEE
standards for greater detail.
Timing
Parameter Differences
ORD input to input on DI
Steady State Prop Delay
Start-Up Delay
Output on DO to OTD_output
Steady State Prop Delay
Start-Up Delay
Collision Deassert to
SQE Deassert minimum
MAU Timing Differences - The
timing differences between
10BASE-FL and FOIRL relate to
propagation delays, start-up
delays, and collision deassert
delays. The following table
provides the details of these
parameters.
FOIRL
(BIT Times)
10BASEFL
(BIT Times)
0.5
2
3.5
5
0.5
2
3.5
5
4.5
0
OTD - Optical Transmit Data
ORD - Optical Receive Data
DI, DO, CI - AU Interface Signals
Min.
Max.
Transmitter
-12 dBm
-21 dBm
Receiver
-12 dBm
-30 dBm
Transmitter
-12 dBm
-20 dBm
Receiver
-12 dBm
-32.5 dBm
Conditions
FOIRL
BER < 10-10
10BASE-FL
88
Link Integrity - 10BASE-FL adds
an additional state to the Link
Integrity Test function that will
not allow an exit from the Low
Light State until both the
transmitter and receiver are idle.
In FOIRL, it is possible to exit
from the Low Light State while
still receiving data.
BER < 10-9
Timing Diagrams
tTXNPW
TX+
VALID
TX-
DATA
tTXODY
tTXSDY
tTXFPW
TxOUT
VALID
DATA
tTXLP
RX+
VALID
RX-
DATA
Figure 6. Transmit and Loopback Timing.
VIN+
VALID
VIN-
DATA
tRXODY
tRXSDY
tAR
RX+
VALID
RX-
tRXFX
tAF
DATA
Figure 7. Receive Timing.
TxOUT
VIN+
VIN-
VALID
DATA
VALID
DATA
tCPSQE
COL+
CS0
COL-
Rx+
Tx
Tx
Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx-
VIN+
VALID
DATA
VALID
DATA
VIN-
TxOUT
tCPSQE
COL+
COL-
Figure 8. Collision Timing.
CS0
89
VIN+
VIN-
TxOUT
VALID
DATA
tSQEXR
COL+
CS0
COL-
Rx+
Rx
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
Tx
Rx-
Figure 9. Collision Timing.
TxOUT
VIN+
VALID
DATA
VINtSQEXR
COL+
CS0
COL-
Rx+
RxIN
RxIN
RxIN
RxIN
RxIN
Rx-
1
tCLF
Figure 10. Collision Timing.
TxOUT
VALID DATA
tSQETD
tSQEDY
COL+
COL-
Figure 11. SQE Timing.
90
CS0
Tx+
Tx-
VALID
DATA
tJAD
tJRT
VALID DATA
TxOUT
tJSQE
,,
,,
,,
COL+
CS0
COL-
Figure 12. Jabber Timing.
TxOUT
tLED
XMT
VIN+
VIN-
tLED
RCV
VIN+
VIN-
LMON
tLLPH
tLLCL
Figure 13. LED Timing.
91
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