LANSDALE ML145151

ML145151
ML145152
ML145155
ML145156
ML145157
ML145158
PLL Frequency Synthesizer Family - CMOS
The devices described in this document are typically used as low–power, phase–locked loop frequency
synthesizers. When combined with an external low–pass filter and voltage–controlled oscillator, these
devices can provide all the remaining functions for a PLL frequency synthesizer operating up to the
device's frequency limit. For higher VCO frequency operation, a down mixer or a prescaler can be used
between the VCO and the synthesizer IC.
These frequency synthesizer chips can be found in the following and other applications:
CATV
TV Tuning
AM/FM Radios
Scanning Receivers
Two–Way Radios
Amateur Radio
÷R
OSC
φ
CONTROL LOGIC
÷N
÷A
÷ P/P + 1
VCO
EXTERNAL
COMPONENTS
OUTPUT
FREQUENCY
CONTENTS
Page
DEVICE DETAIL SHEETS
ML145151 Parallel–Input, Single–Modulus ...........................................................................................2
ML145152 Parallel–Input, Dual–Modulus..............................................................................................5
ML145155 Serial–Input, Single–Modulus ..............................................................................................9
ML145156 Serial–Input, Dual–Modulus...............................................................................................13
ML145157 Serial–Input, Single–Modulus ............................................................................................17
ML145158 Serial–Input, Dual–Modulus...............................................................................................20
FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS
Maximum Ratings..................................................................................................................................23
DC Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................................................23
AC Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................................................25
Timing Requirements.............................................................................................................................26
Frequency Characteristics ......................................................................................................................27
Phase Detector/Lock Detector Output Waveforms................................................................................27
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Phase–Locked Loop – Low–Pass Filter Design ....................................................................................28
Crystal Oscillator Considerations ..........................................................................................................29
Dual–Modulus Prescaling......................................................................................................................30
Page 1 of 35
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Issue A
ML145151
Parallel-Input PLL
Frequency Synthesizer
Interfaces with Single–Modulus Prescalers
Legacy Device: Motorola/Freescale MC145151
The ML145151 is programmed by 14 parallel–input data
lines for the N counter and three input lines for the R counter.
The device features consist of a reference oscillator, selectable–reference divider, digital–phase detector, and 14–bit
programmable divide–by–N counter.
• Operating Temperature Range: TA = – 40 to 85°C
• Low Power Consumption Through Use of CMOS
Technology
• 3.0 to 9.0 V Supply Range
• On– or Off–Chip Reference Oscillator Operation
• Lock Detect Signal
• ÷ N Counter Output Available
• Single Modulus/Parallel Programming
• 8 User–Selectable ÷ R Values: 8, 128, 256, 512, 1024,
2048, 2410, 8192
• ÷ N Range = 3 to 16383
• “Linearized” Digital Phase Detector Enhances Transfer
Function Linearity
• Two Error Signal Options: Single–Ended (Three–State)
or Double–Ended
• Chip Complexity: 8000 FETs or 2000 Equivalent Gates
Page 2 of 35
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P DIP 28 = YP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 710
28
1
SO 28W = -6P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751F
28
1
CROSS REFERENCE/ORDERING INFORMATION
PACKAGE
MOTOROLA
LANSDALE
P DIP 28
MC145151P2
ML145151YP
SO 28W
MC145151DW2 ML145151-6P
Note: Lansdale lead free (Pb) product, as it
becomes available, will be identified by a part
number prefix change from ML to MLE.
PIN ASSIGNMENT
fin
1
28
LD
VSS
2
27
OSCin
VDD
3
26
OSCout
PDout
4
25
N11
RA0
5
24
N10
RA1
6
23
N13
RA2
7
22
N12
φR
8
21
T/R
φV
9
20
N9
fV
10
19
N8
N0
11
18
N7
N1
12
17
N6
N2
13
16
N5
N3
14
15
N4
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145151
ML145151 BLOCK DIAGRAM
RA2
RA1
RA0
OSCout
14 x 8 ROM REFERENCE DECODER
LOCK
DETECT
14
LD
14–BIT ÷ R COUNTER
OSCin
PHASE
DETECTOR
A
PDout
14–BIT ÷ N COUNTER
fin
VDD
PHASE
DETECTOR
B
14
TRANSMIT OFFSET ADDER
T/R
φV
φR
fV
N13
N11
N9
N7 N6
N4
N2
N0
NOTE: N0 – N13 inputs and inputs RA0, RA1, and RA2 have pull–up resistors that are not shown.
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
INPUT PINS
f in
Frequency Input (Pin 1)
Input to the ÷N portion of the synthesizer. f in is typically
derived from loop VCO and is AC coupled into the device. For
larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC
coupling may be used.
RA0 – RA2
Reference Address Inputs (Pins 5, 6, 7)
These three inputs establish a code defining one of eight
possible divide values for the total reference divider, as defined
by the table below.
Pull–up resistors ensure that inputs left open remain at a
logic 1 and require only a SPST switch to alter data to the zero
state.
RA2
RA1
RA0
Total
Divide
Value
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
8
128
256
512
1024
2048
2410
8192
Reference Address Code
N0 – N11
N Counter Programming Inputs (Pins 11 – 20, 22 – 25)
These inputs provide the data that is preset into the ÷ N
counter when it reaches the count of zero. N0 is the least sig-
Page 3 of 35
nificant and N13 is the most significant. Pull–up resistors ensure that inputs left open remain at a logic 1 and require only
an SPST switch to alter data to the zero state.
T/R
Transmit/Receive Offset Adder Input (Pin 21)
This input controls the offset added to the data provided at
the N inputs. This is normally used for offsetting the VCO frequency by an amount equal to the IF frequency of the transceiver. This offset is fixed at 856 when T/R is low and gives no
offset when T/R is high. A pull–up resistor ensures that no
connection will appear as a logic 1 causing no offset addition.
OSCin, OSCout
Reference Oscillator Input/Output (Pins 27, 26)
These pins form an on–chip reference oscillator when connected to terminals of an external parallel resonant crystal.
Frequency setting capacitors of appropriate value must be connected from OSCin to ground and OSCout to ground. OSCin
may also serve as the input for an externally generated reference signal. This signal is typically AC coupled to OSCin, but
for larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC
coupling may also be used. In the external reference mode, no
connection is required to OSCout.
OUTPUT PINS
PDout
Phase Detector A Output (Pin 4)
Three–state output of phase detector for use as loop–error
signal. Double–ended outputs are also available for this purpose (see ΦV and ΦR).
Frequency fV > fR or fV Leading: Negative Pulses
Frequency fV < fR or fV Lagging: Positive Pulses
Frequency fV = fR and Phase Coincidence: High–Impedance State
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LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145151
φR,φV
Phase Detector B Outputs (Pins 8, 9)
These phase detector outputs can be combined externally for
a loop–error signal. A single–ended output is also available for
this purpose (see PDout).
If frequency fV is greater than fR or if the phase of fV is
leading, then error information is provided by φV pulsing low.
φR remains essentially high.
If the frequency fV is less than fR or if the phase of fV is
lagging, then error information is provided by φR pulsing low.
φV remains essentially high.
If the frequency of fV = fR and both are in phase, then both
φV and φR remain high except for a small minimum time period when both pulse low in phase.
fV
N Counter Output (Pin 10)
This is the buffered output of the ÷ N counter that is inter-
nally connected to the phase detector input. With this output
available, the ÷ N counter can be used independently.
LD
Lock Detector Output (Pin 28)
Essentially a high level when loop is locked (fR, fV of same
phase and frequency). Pulses low when loop is out of lock.
POWER SUPPLY
VDD
Positive Power Supply (Pin 3)
The positive power supply potential. This pin may range
from + 3 to + 9 V with respect to VSS.
VSS
Negative Power Supply (Pin 2)
The most negative supply potential. This pin is usuallyground.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
2.048 MHz
OSCin
OSCout
fin
NC
NC
RA2 RA1
RA0
ML145151
VOLTAGE
CONTROLLED
OSCILLATOR
PDout
N13 N12 N11 N10 N9 N8 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 N0
5 – 5.5 MHz
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 = 5 MHz
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 5.5 MHz
Figure 1. 5 MHz to 5.5 MHz Local Oscillator Channel Spacing = 1 kHz
LOCK DETECT SIGNAL
“1”
OSCout RA2
+V
REF. OSC.
10.0417 MHz
(ON–CHIP OSC.
OPTIONAL)
OSCin
VDD
VSS
“1”
“0”
RA1
RA0
LD
ML145151
T/R
fV
PDout
φR
fV
fin
CHOICE OF
DETECTOR
ERROR
SIGNALS
LOOP
FILTER
T: 13.0833 – 18.0833 MHz
R: 9.5167 – 14.5167 MHz
TRANSMIT
(ADDS 856 TO
÷ N VALUE)
VCO
X6
T: 73.3333 – 78.3333 MHz
R: 69.7667 – 74.7667 MHz
DOWN
MIXER
“0” “0” “1”
RECEIVE
TRANSMIT: 440.0 – 470.0 MHz
RECEIVE: 418.6 – 448.6 MHz
(25 kHz STEPS)
CHANNEL PROGRAMMING
÷ N = 2284 TO 3484
X6
60.2500 MHz
NOTES:
1. fR = 4.1667 kHz; ÷ R = 2410; 21.4 MHz low side injection during receive.
2. Frequency values shown are for the 440 – 470 MHz band. Similar implementation applies to the 406 – 440 MHz band.
For 470 – 512 MHz, consider reference oscillator frequency X9 for mixer injection signal (90.3750 MHz).
Figure 2. Synthesizer for Land Mobile Radio UHF Bands
ML145151 Data Sheet Continued on Page 23
Page 4 of 35
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Issue A
ML145152
Parallel-Input PLL
Frequency Synthesizer
Interfaces with Dual–Modulus Prescalers
Legacy Device: Motorola/Freescale MC145152
The ML145152 is programmed by sixteen parallel inputs
for the N and A counters and three input lines for the R
counter. The device features consist of a reference oscillator,
selectable–reference divider, two–output phase detector,
10–bit programmable divide–by–N counter, and 6–bit programmable ÷ A counter.
• Operating Temperature Range: TA = – 40 to 85°C
• Low Power Consumption Through Use of CMOS
Technology
• 3.0 to 9.0 V Supply Range
• On– or Off–Chip Reference Oscillator Operation
• Lock Detect Signal
• Dual Modulus/Parallel Programming
• 8 User–Selectable ÷ R Values: 8, 64, 128, 256, 512,
1024, 1160, 2048
• ÷ N Range = 3 to 1023, ÷ A Range = 0 to 63
• Chip Complexity: 8000 FETs or 2000 Equivalent Gates
• See Application Note AN980
Page 5 of 35
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P DIP 28 = YP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 710
28
1
SO 28W = -6P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751F
28
1
CROSS REFERENCE/ORDERING INFORMATION
PACKAGE
MOTOROLA
LANSDALE
P DIP 28
MC145152P2
ML145152YP
SO 28W
MC145152DW2 ML145152-6P
Note: Lansdale lead free (Pb) product, as it
becomes available, will be identified by a part
number prefix change from ML to MLE.
PIN ASSIGNMENT
fin
1
28
LD
VSS
2
27
OSCin
VDD
3
26
OSCout
RA0
4
25
A4
RA1
5
24
A3
RA2
6
23
A0
φR
7
22
A2
φV
8
21
A1
MC
9
20
N9
A5
10
19
N8
N0
11
18
N7
N1
12
17
N6
N2
13
16
N5
N3
14
15
N4
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145152
ML145152 BLOCK DIAGRAM
RA2
RA1
RA0
OSCout
12 x 8 ROM REFERENCE DECODER
12
LOCK
DETECT
12–BIT ÷ R COUNTER
OSCin
LD
MC
CONTROL
LOGIC
PHASE
DETECTOR
φV
φR
fin
6–BIT ÷ A COUNTER
A5
A3 A2
A0
10–BIT ÷ N COUNTER
N0
N2
N4 N5
N7
N9
NOTE: N0 – N9, A0 – A5, and RA0 – RA2 have pull–up resistors that are not shown.
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
INPUT PINS
f in
Frequency Input (Pin 1)
Input to the positive edge triggered ÷ N and ÷ A counters.
f in is typically derived from a dual–modulus prescaler and is
AC coupled into the device. For larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC coupling may be used.
RA0, RA1, RA2
Reference Address Inputs (Pins 4, 5, 6)
These three inputs establish a code defining one of eight
possible divide values for the total reference divider. The total
reference divide values are as follows:
RA2
RA1
RA0
Total
Divide
Value
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
8
64
128
256
512
1024
1160
2048
Reference Address Code
N0 – N9
N Counter Programming Inputs (Pins 11 – 20)
The N inputs provide the data that is preset into the ÷ N
counter when it reaches the count of 0. N0 is the least significant digit and N9 is the most significant. Pull–up resistors ensure that inputs left open remain at a logic 1 and require only a
SPST switch to alter data to the zero state.
A0 – A5
A Counter Programming Inputs(Pins 23, 21, 22, 24, 25, 10)
The A inputs define the number of clock cycles of f in that
require a logic 0 on the MC output (see Dual–Modulus Prescaling section). The A inputs all have internal pull–up resisPage 6 of 35
tors that ensure that inputs left open will remain at a logic 1.
OSCin, OSCout
Reference Oscillator Input/Output (Pins 27, 26)
These pins form an on–chip reference oscillator when connected to terminals of an external parallel resonant crystal.
Frequency setting capacitors of appropriate value must be connected from OSCin to ground and OSCout to ground. OSCin
may also serve as the input for an externally generated reference signal. This signal is typically AC coupled to OSCin, but
for larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC
coupling may also be used. In the external reference mode, no
connection is required to OSCout.
OUTPUT PINS
φR,φV
Phase Detector B Outputs (Pins 7, 8)
These phase detector outputs can be combined externally for
a loop–error signal.
If the frequency fV is greater than fR or if the phase of fV is
leading, then error information is provided by φV pulsing low.
φR remains essentially high.
If the frequency fV is less than fR or if the phase of fV is
lagging, then error information is provided by φR pulsing low.
φV remains essentially high.
If the frequency of fV = fR and both are in phase, then both
φV and φR remain high except for a small minimum time period when both pulse low in phase.
MC
Dual–Modulus Prescale Control Output (Pin 9)
Signal generated by the on–chip control logic circuitry for
controlling an external dual–modulus prescaler. The MC level
will be low at the beginning of a count cycle and will remain
low until the ÷ A counter has counted down from its programmed value. At this time, MC goes high and remains high
until the ÷ N counter has counted the rest of the way down
from its programmed value (N – A additional counts since
both ÷ N and ÷ A are counting down during the first portion of
the cycle). MC is then set back low, the counters preset to
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Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145152
their respective programmed values, and the above sequence
repeated. This provides for a total programmable divide value
(NT)=N•P+A where P and P + 1 represent the dual–modulus
prescaler divide values respectively for high and low MC levels, N the number programmed into the ÷ N counter, and A the
number programmed into the ÷ A counter.
LD
Lock Detector Output (Pin 28)
Essentially a high level when loop is locked (fR, fV of same
phase and frequency). Pulses low when loop is out of lock.
POWER SUPPLY
VDD
Positive Power Supply (Pin 3)
The positive power supply potential. This pin may range from
+ 3 to + 9 V with respect to VSS.
VSS
Negative Power Supply (Pin 2)
The most negative supply potential. This pin is usuallyground.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
NO CONNECTS
“1”
“1”
“1”
LOCK DETECT SIGNAL
10.24 MHz
NOTE 1
R2
OSCout
RA2
RA1
RA0
LD
R1
φR
OSCin
φV
–
R1
ML145152
+V
VDD
MC
VSS
fin
N9
N0 A5
C
150 – 175 MHz
5 kHz STEPS
VCO
+
R2
MC33171
NOTE 2
C
A0
ML12017
÷ 64/65 PRESCALER
CHANNEL PROGRAMMING
NOTES:
1. Off–chip oscillator optional.
2. The φR and φV outputs are fed to an external combiner/loop filter. See the Phase–Locked Loop — Low–Pass Filter
Design page for additional information. The φR and φV outputs swing rail–to–rail. Therefore, the user should be careful
not to exceed the common mode input range of the op amp used in the combiner/loop filter.
Figure 1. Synthesizer for Land Mobile Radio VHF Bands
Page 7 of 35
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Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
REF. OSC.
15.360 MHz
(ON–CHIP OSC.
OPTIONAL)
ML145152
RECEIVER 2ND L.O.
30.720 MHz
NO CONNECTS
X2
“1”
“1”
“1”
R2
OSCout
RA2
RA1
RA0
+V
VDD
VSS
LD
ML145152
NOTE 5
φV
MC
fin
N9
N0 A5
C
R1
φR
OSCin
RECEIVER FIRST L.O.
825.030 → 844.980 MHz
(30 kHz STEPS)
LOCK DETECT SIGNAL
–
X4
NOTE 6
VCO
R1
+
R2
NOTE 7
C
A0
TRANSMITTER
MODULATION
ML12017
÷ 64/65 PRESCALER
NOTE 6
CHANNEL PROGRAMMING
X4
NOTE 6
TRANSMITTER SIGNAL
825.030 → 844.980 MHz
(30 kHz STEPS)
NOTES:
1. Receiver 1st I.F. = 45 MHz, low side injection; Receiver 2nd I.F. = 11.7 MHz, low side injection.
2. Duplex operation with 45 MHz receiver/transmit separation.
3. fR = 7.5 kHz; ÷ R = 2048.
4. Ntotal = N 64 + A = 27501 to 28166; N = 429 to 440; A = 0 to 63.
5. ML145158 may be used where serial data entry is desired.
6. High frequency prescalers may be used for higher frequency VCO and f ref
implementations.
7. The φR and φV outputs are fed to an external combiner/loop filter. See the Phase–Locked Loop — Low–Pass Filter Design page for
additional information. The φR and φV outputs swing rail–to–rail. Therefore, the user should be careful not to exceed the common mode
input range of the op amp used in the combiner/loop filter.
Figure 2. 666–Channel, Computer–Controlled, Mobile Radiotelephone Synthesizer
for 800 MHz Cellular Radio Systems
ML145152 Data Sheet Continued on Page 23
Page 8 of 35
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Issue A
ML145155
Serial–Input PLL
Frequency Synthesizer
Interfaces with Single–Modulus Prescalers
Legacy Device: Motorola/Freescale MC145155-2
The ML145155 is programmed by a clocked, serial input,
16–bit data stream. The device features consist of a reference
oscillator, selectable–reference divider, digital–phase detector,
14–bit programmable divide–by–N counter, and the necessary
shift register and latch circuitry for accepting serial input
data.
• Operating Temperature Range: TA = – 40 to 85°C
• Low Power Consumption Through Use of CMOS
Technology
• 3.0 to 9.0 V Supply Range
• On– or Off–Chip Reference Oscillator Operation with
Buffered Output
• Compatible with the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) on
CMOS MCUs
• Lock Detect Signal
• Two Open–Drain Switch Outputs
• 8 User–Selectable ÷ R Values: 16, 512, 1024, 2048,
3668, 4096, 6144, 8192
• Single Modulus/Serial Programming
• ÷ N Range = 3 to 16383
• “Linearized” Digital Phase Detector Enhances Transfer
Function Linearity
• Two Error Signal Options: Single–Ended (Three–State)
or Double–Ended
• Chip Complexity: 6504 FETs or 1626 Equivalent Gates
P DIP 18 = VP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 707
18
1
20
1
SOG 20W = -6P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751D
CROSS REFERENCE/ORDERING INFORMATION
MOTOROLA
LANSDALE
PACKAGE
P DIP 18
MC145155P2
ML145155VP
SOG 20W
MC145155DW2 ML145155-6P
Note: Lansdale lead free (Pb) product, as it
becomes available, will be identified by a part
number prefix change from ML to MLE.
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
SOG PACKAGE
PLASTIC DIP
RA1
1
18
RA0
RA1
1
20
RA0
RA2
2
17
OSCin
RA2
2
19
OSCin
φV
3
16
OSCout
φV
3
18
OSCout
φR
4
15
REFout
φR
4
17
REFout
VDD
5
14
SW2
VDD
5
16
NC
PDout
6
13
SW1
PDout
6
15
SW2
VSS
7
12
ENB
VSS
7
14
SW1
LD
8
11
DATA
NC
8
13
ENB
fin
9
10
CLK
LD
9
12
DATA
fin
10
11
CLK
NC = NO CONNECTION
Page 9 of 35
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Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145155
ML145155 BLOCK DIAGRAM
RA2
RA1
RA0
14 x 8 ROM REFERENCE DECODER
LOCK
DETECT
14
OSCout
LD
14–BIT ÷ R COUNTER
OSCin
fR
fV
REFout
fin
PHASE
DETECTOR
A
PDout
14–BIT ÷ R COUNTER
14
VDD
PHASE
DETECTOR
B
φV
φR
SW2
ENB
LATCH
LATCH
SW1
14
DATA
14–BIT SHIFT REGISTER
2–BIT SHIFT
REGISTER
CLK
RA0, RA1, RA2
Reference Address Inputs (PDIP – Pins 18, 1, 2; SOG –
Pins 20, 1, 2)
These three inputs establish a code defining one of eight
possible divide values for the total reference divider, as defined
by the table below:
RA2
RA1
RA0
Total
Divide
Value
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
16
512
1024
2048
3668
4096
6144
8192
Reference Address Code
CLK, DATA
Shift Register Clock, Serial Data Inputs
(PDIP – Pins 10, 11; SOG – Pins 11, 12)
Each low–to–high transition clocks one bit into the on–chip
16–bit shift register. The Data input provides programming
information for the 14–bit ÷ N counter and the two switch
Page 10 of 35
signals SW1 and SW2. The entry format is as follows:
SW1
SW2
÷ N MSB
÷ N COUNTER BITS
÷ N LSB
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
INPUT PINS
f in
Frequency Input (PDIP – Pin 9, SOG – Pin 10)
Input to the ÷ N portion of the synthesizer. f in is typically
derived from loop VCO and is AC coupled into the device. For
larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC
coupling may be used.
LAST DATA BIT IN (BIT NO. 16)
FIRST DATA BIT IN (BIT NO. 1)
ENB
Latch Enable Input (PDIP – Pin 12, SOG – Pin 13)
When high (1), ENB transfers the contents of the shift register into the latches, and to the programmable counter inputs,
and the switch outputs SW1 and SW2. When low (0), ENB
inhibits the above action and thus allows changes to be made
in the shift register data without affecting the counter programming and switch outputs. An on–chip pull–up establishes a
continuously high level for ENB when no external signal is
applied. ENB is normally low and is pulsed high to transfer
data to the latches.
OSCin, OSCout
Reference Oscillator Input/Output (PDIP – Pins 17, 16;
SOG – Pins 19, 18)
These pins form an on–chip reference oscillator when connected to terminals of an external parallel resonant crystal.
Frequency setting capacitors of appropriate value must be connected from OSCin to ground and OSCout to ground. OSCin
may also serve as the input for an externally–generated reference signal. This signal is typically ac coupled to OSCin, but
for larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC
coupling may also be used. In the external reference mode, no
connection is required to OSCout.
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Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145155
ML145155
OUTPUT PINS
PDout
Phase Detector A Output (PDIP, SOG – Pin 6)
Three–state output of phase detector for use as loop error
signal. Double–ended outputs are also available for this purpose (see φV and φR).
Frequency fV > fR or fV Leading: Negative Pulses
Frequency fV < fR or fV Lagging: Positive Pulses
Frequency fV = fR and Phase Coincidence: High–Impedance State
φR, φV
Phase Detector B Outputs (PDIP, SOG – Pins 4, 3)
These phase detector outputs can be combined externally for
a loop–error signal. A single–ended output is also available for
this purpose (see PDout).
If frequency fV is greater than fR or if the phase of fV is
leading, then error information is provided by fV pulsing low.
fR remains essentially high.
If the frequency fV is less than fR or if the phase of fV is
lagging, then error information is provided by fR pulsing low.
fV remains essentially high.
If the frequency of fV = fR and both are in phase, then both
fV and fR remain high except for a small minimum time period when both pulse low in phase.
LD
Lock Detector Output (PDIP – Pin 8, SOG – Pin 9)
Essentially a high level when loop is locked (fR, fV of same
phase and frequency). LD pulses low when loop is out of lock.
SW1, SW2
Band Switch Outputs (PDIP – Pins 13, 14; SOG – Pins 14, 15)
SW1 and SW2 provide latched open–drain outputs corresponding to data bits numbers one and two. These outputs can
be tied through external resistors to voltages as high as 15 V,
independent of the VDD supply voltage. These are typically
used for band switch functions. A logic 1 causes the output to
assume a high–impedance state, while a logic 0 causes the output to be low.
REFout
Buffered Reference Oscillator Output (PDIP, SOG – Pin 15)
Buffered output of on–chip reference oscillator or externally
provided reference–input signal.
POWER SUPPLY
VDD
Positive Power Supply (PDIP, SOG – Pin 5)
The positive power supply potential. This pin may range
from + 3 to + 9 V with respect to VSS.
VSS
Negative Power Supply (PDIP, SOG – Pin 7)
The most negative supply potential. This pin is usually
ground.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
4.0 MHz
UHF/VHF
TUNER OR
CATV
FRONT END
MC120xx
PRESCALER
fin
DATA
KEYBOARD
ML145155
CLK
φR
φV
–
+
1/2 MC1458*
ENB
CMOS
MPU/MCU
3
MC14489
LED DISPLAY
* The φR and φV outputs are fed to an external combiner/loop filter. See the Phase–Locked Loop – Low–Pass Filter Design page
for additional information. The φR and φV outputs swing rail–to–rail. Therefore, the user should be careful not to exceed the common
mode input range of the op amp used in the combiner/loop filter.
Figure 1. Microprocessor–Controlled TV/CATV Tuning System with Serial Interface
Page 11 of 35
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145155
ML145155
2.56 MHz
FM
OSC
ML12019
÷20 PRESCALER
AM
OSC
fin
DATA
KEYBOARD
φR
φV
ML145155
CLK
–
+
1/2 MC1458*
TO
AM/FM
OSCILLATORS
ENB
CMOS
MPU/MCU
TO DISPLAY
* The φR and φV outputs are fed to an external combiner/loop filter. See the Phase–Locked Loop – Low–Pass Filter Design page
for additional information. The φR and φV outputs swing rail–to–rail. Therefore, the user should be careful not to exceed the common
mode input range of the op amp used in the combiner/loop filter.
Figure 2. AM/FM Radio Synthesizer
Page 12 of 35
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
ML145156
Serial–Input PLL
Frequency Synthesizer
Interfaces with Dual–Modulus Prescalers
Legacy Device: Motorola/Freescale MC145156-2
The ML145156 is programmed by a clocked, serial input,
19–bit data stream. The device features consist of a reference
oscillator, selectable–reference divider, digital–phase detector,
10–bit programmable divide–by–N counter, 7–bit programmable divide–by–A counter, and the necessary shift register
and latch circuitry for accepting serial input data.
• Operating Temperature Range: TA = – 40 to 85°C
• Low Power Consumption Through Use of
CMOS Technology
• 3.0 to 9.0 V Supply Range
• On– or Off–Chip Reference Oscillator Operation with
Buffered Output
• Compatible with the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) on
CMOS MCUs
• Lock Detect Signal
• Two Open–Drain Switch Outputs
• Dual Modulus/Serial Programming
• 8 User–Selectable ÷ R Values: 8, 64, 128, 256, 640,
1000, 1024, 2048
• ÷ N Range = 3 to 1023, ÷A Range = 0 to 127
• “Linearized” Digital Phase Detector Enhances Transfer
Function Linearity
• Two Error Signal Options: Single–Ended (Three–State)
or Double–Ended
• Chip Complexity: 6504 FETs or 1626 Equivalent Gates
Page 13 of 35
www.lansdale.com
P DIP 20 = RP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 738
20
1
SOG 20W = -6P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751D
20
1
CROSS REFERENCE/ORDERING INFORMATION
LANSDALE
MOTOROLA
PACKAGE
P DIP 20
MC145156P2
ML145156RP
SOG 20W
MC145156DW2 ML145156-6P
Note: Lansdale lead free (Pb) product, as it
becomes available, will be identified by a part
number prefix change from ML to MLE.
PIN ASSIGNMENT
RA1
1
20
RA0
RA2
2
19
OSCin
φV
3
18
OSCout
φR
4
17
REFout
VDD
5
16
TEST
PDout
6
15
SW2
VSS
7
14
SW1
MC
8
13
ENB
LD
9
12
DATA
fin
10
11
CLK
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145156
ML145156 BLOCK DIAGRAM
RA2
RA1
RA0
12 x 8 ROM REFERENCE DECODER
12
LOCK
DETECT
12–BIT ÷ R COUNTER
OSCin
LD
OSCout
fR
CONTROL LOGIC
REFout
fV
MC
7–BIT ÷ A COUNTER
fin
10–BIT ÷ N COUNTER
÷
ENB
PHASE
DETECTOR
B
10
7
VDD
PHASE
DETECTOR
A
A COUNTER LATCH
÷
φV
φR
SW2
LATCH
N COUNTER LATCH
7
PDout
SW1
10
DATA
7–BIT SHIFT REGISTER
2–BIT SHIFT
REGISTER
10–BIT SHIFT REGISTER
CLK
RA2
RA1
RA0
Total
Divide
Value
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
8
64
128
256
640
1000
1024
2048
Reference Address Code
CLK, DATA
Shift Register Clock, Serial Data Inputs (Pins 11, 12)
Each low–to–high transition clocks one bit into the on–chip
19–bit shift register. The data input provides programming information for the 10–bit ÷ N counter, the 7–bit ÷ A counter,
and the two switch signals SW1 and SW2. The entry format is
as follows:
Page 14 of 35
SW1
SW2
÷N MSB
A LSB
÷A
÷
RA0, RA1, RA2
Reference Address Inputs (Pins 20, 1, 2)
These three inputs establish a code defining one of eight
possible divide values for the total reference divider, as defined
by the table below:
÷
f in
Frequency Input (Pin 10)
Input to the positive edge triggered ÷ N and ÷ A counters.
f in is typically derived from a dual–modulus prescaler and is
AC coupled into the device. For larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels), DC coupling may be used.
N COUNTER BITS
MSB
N LSB
A COUNTER BITS
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
INPUT PINS
LAST DATA BIT IN (BIT NO. 19)
FIRST DATA BIT IN (BIT NO. 1)
ENB
Latch Enable Input (Pin 13)
When high (1), ENB transfers the contents of the shift register into the latches, and to the programmable counter inputs,
and the switch outputs SW1 and SW2. When low (0), ENB
inhibits the above action and thus allows changes to be made
in the shift register data without affecting the counter programming and switch outputs. An on–chip pull–up establishes a
continuously high level for ENB when no external signal is
applied. ENB is normally low and is pulsed high to transfer
data to the latches.
OSCin, OSCout
Reference Oscillator Input/Output (Pins 19, 18)
These pins form an on–chip reference oscillator when connected to terminals of an external parallel resonant crystal.
Frequency setting capacitors of appropriate value must be connected from OSCin to ground and OSCout to ground. OSCin
may also serve as the input for an externally–generated reference signal. This signal is typically AC coupled to OSCin, but
for larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC
coupling may also be used. In the external reference mode, no
connection is required to OSCout.
TEST
Factory Test Input (Pin 16)
Used in manufacturing. Must be left open or tied to VSS.
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145156
ML145156
OUTPUT PINS
PDout
Phase Detector A Output (Pin 6)
Three–state output of phase detector for use as loop–error
signal. Double–ended outputs are also available for this purpose (see φV and φR).
Frequency fV > fR or fV Leading: Negative Pulses
Frequency fV < fR or fV Lagging: Positive Pulses
Frequency fV = fR and Phase Coincidence: High–Impedance State
respective programmed values, and the above sequence repeated. This provides for a total programmable divide value (NT) =
N • P + A where P and P + 1 represent the dual–modulus
prescaler divide values respectively for high and low MC levels, N the number programmed into the ÷ N counter, and A the
number programmed into the ÷ A counter.
LD
Lock Detector Output (Pin 9)
Essentially a high level when loop is locked (fR, fV of same
phase and frequency). LD pulses low when loop is out of lock.
φR, φV
Phase Detector B Outputs (Pins 4, 3)
These phase detector outputs can be combined externally for
a loop–error signal. A single–ended output is also available for
this purpose (see PDout).
If frequency fV is greater than fR or if the phase of fV is
leading, then error information is provided by φV pulsing low.
φR remains essentially high.
If the frequency fV is less than fR or if the phase of fV is
lagging, then error information is provided by φR pulsing low.
φV remains essentially high.
If the frequency of fV = fR and both are in phase, then both
φV and φR remain high except for a small minimum time
period when both pulse low in phase.
SW1, SW2
Band Switch Outputs (Pins 14, 15)
SW1 and SW2 provide latched open–drain outputs corresponding to data bits numbers one and two. These outputs can
be tied through external resistors to voltages as high as 15 V,
independent of the VDD supply voltage. These are typically
used for band switch functions. A logic 1 causes the output to
assume a high–impedance state, while a logic 0 causes the output to be low.
MC
Dual–Modulus Prescale Control Output (Pin 8)
Signal generated by the on–chip control logic circuitry forcontrolling an external dual–modulus prescaler. The MC levelwill be low at the beginning of a count cycle and will remainlow until the ÷ A counter has counted down from its programmed value. At this time, MC goes high and remains highuntil the ÷ N counter has counted the rest of the way downfrom its programmed value (N – A additional counts since
both ÷ N and ÷ A are counting down during the first portion of
the cycle). MC is then set back low, the counters preset to their
POWER SUPPLY
Page 15 of 35
REFout
Buffered Reference Oscillator Output (Pin 17)
Buffered output of on–chip reference oscillator or externally
provided reference–input signal.
VDD
Positive Power Supply (Pin 5)
The positive power supply potential. This pin may range
from + 3 to + 9 V with respect to VSS.
VSS
Negative Power Supply (Pin 7)
The most negative supply potential. This pin is usuallyground.
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145156
ML145156
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
+ 12 V
LOCK DETECT SIGNAL
3.2 MHz
NOTES 1
AND 2
+V
OSCin
OSCout
RA2 RA1 RA0
LD SW1 SW2
PDout
VDD
REFout
CLK
KEY–
BOARD
φR
ML145156
VSS
DATA
fin
ENB
FM B +
+ 12 V
AM B +
OPTIONAL
LOOP
ERROR SIGNAL
–
VCO
φV
+
MC
1/2 MC1458
NOTE 3
CMOS MPU/MCU
ML12019
÷ 20/21 DUAL MODULUS PRESCALER
TO DISPLAY DRIVER (e.g., MC14489)
NOTES:
1. For AM: channel spacing = 5 kHz, ÷ R = ÷ 640 (code 100).
2. For FM: channel spacing = 25 kHz, ÷ R = ÷ 128 (code 010).
3. The φR and φV outputs are fed to an external combiner/loop filter. See the Phase–Locked Loop – Low–Pass Filter Design page
for additional information. The φR and φV outputs swing rail–to–rail. Therefore, the user should be careful not to exceed the
common mode input range of the op amp used in the combiner/loop filter.
Figure 1. AM/FM Radio Broadcast Synthesizer
3.2 MHz (NOTE 3)
NAV = 01
COM = 10
+V
OSCin OSCout
RA2 RA1 RA0
VDD
REFout
CLK
R/T
LD SW1 SW2
PDout
ML145156
VSS
DATA
ENB
fin
VCO RANGE
NAV: 97.300 – 107.250 MHz
COM–T: 118.000 – 135.975 MHz
COM–R: 139.400 – 157.375 MHz
LOCK DETECT SIGNAL
φR
–
φV
+
VCO
MC
MC33171
NOTE 5
CMOS MPU/MCU
ML12016 (NOTES 2 AND 4)
÷ 40/41 DUAL MODULUS PRESCALER
CHANNEL
SELECTION
TO DISPLAY DRIVER
(e.g., MC14489)
NOTES:
1. For NAV: fR = 50 kHz, ÷ R = 64 using 10.7 MHz lowside injection, N total = 1946 – 2145.
For COM–T: fR = 25 kHz, ÷ R = 128, Ntotal = 4720 – 5439.
For COM–R: f R = 25 kHz, ÷ R = 128, using 21.4 MHz highside injection, Ntotal = 5576 – 6295.
2. A ÷ 32/33 dual modulus approach is provided by substituting an ML12015 for the ML12016. The devices are pin equivalent.
3. A 6.4 MHz oscillator crystal can be used by selecting ÷ R = 128 (code 010) for NAV and ÷ R = 256 (code 011) for COM.
.
4. ML12013 + MC10131 combination may also be used to form the ÷ 40/41 prescaler
5. The φR and φV outputs are fed to an external combiner/loop filter. See the Phase–Locked Loop – Low–Pass Filter Design
page for additional information. The φR and φV outputs swing rail–to–rail. Therefore, the user should be careful not to exceed
the common mode input range of the op amp used in the combiner/loop filter.
Figure 2. Avionics Navigation or Communication Synthesizer
ML145156 Data Sheet Continued on Page 23
Page 16 of 35
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
ML145157
Serial–Input PLL
Frequency Synthesizer
Interfaces with Single–Modulus Prescalers
Legacy Device: Motorola/Freescale MC145157-2
The ML145157 has a fully programmable 14–bit reference
counter, as well as a fully programmable ÷ N counter. The
counters are programmed serially through a common data
input and latched into the appropriate counter latch, according to the last data bit (control bit) entered.
• Operating Temperature Range: TA = – 40 to 85°C
• Low Power Consumption Through Use of CMOS
Technology
• 3.0 to 9.0 V Supply Range
• Fully Programmable Reference and ÷ N Counters
• ÷ R Range = 3 to 16383
• ÷ N Range = 3 to 16383
• fV and fR Outputs
• Lock Detect Signal
• Compatible with the Serial Peripheral Interface
(SPI) on CMOS MCUs
• “Linearized” Digital Phase Detector
• Single–Ended (Three–State) or Double–Ended Phase
Detector Outputs
• Chip Complexity: 6504 FETs or 1626 Equivalent Gates
Page 17 of 35
www.lansdale.com
P DIP 16 = EP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 648
16
1
SOG 16 = -5P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751G
16
1
CROSS REFERENCE/ORDERING INFORMATION
MOTOROLA
LANSDALE
PACKAGE
P DIP 16
MC145157P2
ML145157EP
SOG 20W
MC145157DW2 ML145157-5P
Note: Lansdale lead free (Pb) product, as it
becomes available, will be identified by a part
number prefix change from ML to MLE.
PIN ASSIGNMENT
OSCin
1
16
φR
OSCout
2
15
φV
fV
3
14
REFout
VDD
4
13
fR
PDout
5
12
S/Rout
VSS
6
11
ENB
LD
7
10
DATA
fin
8
9
CLK
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145157
ML145157 BLOCK DIAGRAM
14–BIT SHIFT REGISTER
14
ENB
REFERENCE COUNTER LATCH
14
OSCin
14–BIT
LOCK
DETECT
PHASE
DETECTOR
A
REFout
14–BIT ÷ N COUNTER
fin
LD
÷ R COUNTER
OSCout
14
÷ N COUNTER LATCH
DATA
fR
PHASE
DETECTOR
B
PDout
φV
φR
fV
14
1–BIT
CONTROL
S/R
14–BIT SHIFT REGISTER
S/Rout
CLK
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
the control bit is at a logic low. A logic low on this pin allows
the user to change the data in the shift registers without affecting the counters. ENB is normally low and is pulsed high to
transfer data to the latches.
INPUT PINS
fin
Frequency Input (Pin 8)
Input frequency from VCO output. A rising edge signal on
this input decrements the ÷ N counter. This input has an inverter biased in the linear region to allow use with AC coupled signals as low as 500 mV p–p. For larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels), DC coupling may be used.
MSB
LSB
CONTROL
CLK, DATA
Shift Clock, Serial Data Inputs (Pins 9, 10)
Each low–to–high transition of the clock shifts one bit of
data into the on–chip shift registers. The last data bit entered
determines which counter storage latch is activated; a logic
1selects the reference counter latch and a logic 0 selects the
÷ N counter latch. The entry format is as follows:
FIRST DATA BIT INTO SHIFT REGISTER
ENB
Latch Enable Input (Pin 11)
A logic high on this pin latches the data from the shift register into the reference divider or ÷ N latches depending on the
control bit. The reference divider latches are activated if the
control bit is at a logic high and the ÷ N latches are activated if
Page 18 of 35
OSCin, OSCout
Reference Oscillator Input/Output (Pins 1, 2)
These pins form an on–chip reference oscillator when connected to terminals of an external parallel resonant crystal.
Frequency setting capacitors of appropriate value must be connected from OSCin to ground and OSCout to ground. OSCin
may also serve as the input for an externally–generated reference signal. This signal is typically AC coupled to OSCin, but
for larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC
coupling may also be used. In the external reference mode, no
connection is required to OSCout.
OUTPUT PINS
PDout
Single–Ended Phase Detector A Output (Pin 5)
This single–ended (three–state) phase detector output produces a loop–error signal that is used with a loop filter to control a VCO.
Frequency fV > fR or fV Leading: Negative Pulses
Frequency fV < fR or fV Lagging: Positive Pulses
Frequency fV = fR and Phase Coincidence:
High–Impedance State
φR, φV
Double–Ended Phase Detector B Outputs (Pins 16, 15)
These outputs can be combined externally for a loop–error
signal. A single–ended output is also available for this purpose
(see PDout).
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145157
ML145157
If frequency fV is greater than fR or if the phase of fV is
leading, then error information is provided by φV pulsing low.
φR remains essentially high.
If the frequency fV is less than fR or if the phase of fV is
lagging, then error information is provided by φR pulsing low.
φV remains essentially high.
If the frequency of fV = fR and both are in phase, then both
φV and φR remain high except for a small minimum time period when both pulse low in phase.
fR, fV
RCounter Output, N Counter Output (Pins 13, 3)
Buffered, divided reference and f in frequency outputs. The
fR and fV outputs are connected internally to the ÷ R and ÷ N
counter outputs respectively, allowing the counters to be used
independently, as well as monitoring the phase detector inputs.
LD
Lock Detector Output (Pin 7)
This output is essentially at a high level when the loop is
locked (fR, fV of same phase and frequency), and pulses low
when loop is out of lock.
Page 19 of 35
REFout
Buffered Reference Oscillator Output (Pin 14)
This output can be used as a second local oscillator, reference oscillator to another frequency synthesizer, or as the system clock to a microprocessor controller.
S/Rout
Shift Register Output (Pin 12)
This output can be connected to an external shift register to
provide band switching, control information, and counter programming code checking.
POWER SUPPLY
VDD
Positive Power Supply (Pin 4)
The positive power supply potential. This pin may range
from +3 to +9 V with respect to VSS.
VSS
Negative Power Supply (Pin 6)
The most negative supply potential. This pin is usually
ground.
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
ML145158
Serial–Input PLL
Frequency Synthesizer
Interfaces with Dual–Modulus Prescalers
Legacy Device: Motorola/Freescale MC145158-2
The ML145158 has a fully programmable 14–bit reference
counter, as well as fully programmable ÷ N and ÷ A counters.
The counters are programmed serially through a common
data input and latched into the appropriate counter latch,
according to the last data bit (control bit) entered.
P DIP 16 = EP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 648
16
1
• Operating Temperature Range: TA = – 40 to 85°C
• Low Power Consumption Through Use of CMOS
Technology
• 3.0 to 9.0 V Supply Range
• Fully Programmable Reference and ÷ N Counters
• ÷ R Range = 3 to 16383
• ÷ N Range = 3 to 1023
• Dual Modulus Capability; ÷ A Range = 0 to 127
• fV and fR Outputs
• Lock Detect Signal
• Compatible with the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) on
CMOS MCUs
• “Linearized” Digital Phase Detector
• Single–Ended (Three–State) or Double–Ended Phase
Detector Outputs
• Chip Complexity: 6504 FETs or 1626
Equivalent Gates
SOG 16 = -5P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751G
16
1
CROSS REFERENCE/ORDERING INFORMATION
LANSDALE
MOTOROLA
PACKAGE
P DIP 16
MC145158P2
ML145158EP
SOG 16
MC145158DW2 ML145158-5P
Note: Lansdale lead free (Pb) product, as it
becomes available, will be identified by a part
number prefix change from ML to MLE.
PIN ASSIGNMENT
Page 20 of 35
www.lansdale.com
OSCin
1
16
φR
OSCout
2
15
φV
fV
3
14
REFout
VDD
4
13
fR
PDout
5
12
MC
VSS
6
11
ENB
LD
7
10
DATA
fin
8
9
CLK
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145158
ML145158 BLOCK DIAGRAM
14–BIT SHIFT REGISTER
14
ENB
fR
REFERENCE COUNTER LATCH
LOCK
DETECT
14
14–BIT ÷ R COUNTER
OSCin
PHASE
DETECTOR
A
OSCout
CONTROL LOGIC
REFout
7–BIT ÷ A
COUNTER
fin
10–BIT ÷ N
COUNTER
÷
÷
A COUNTER
LATCH
7
1–BIT
CONTROL
S/R
PHASE
DETECTOR
B
10
7
DATA
LD
N COUNTER
LATCH
PDout
φV
φR
fV
10
7–BIT S/R
MC
10–BIT S/R
CLK
CLK, DATA
Shift Clock, Serial Data Inputs (Pins 9, 10)
Each low–to–high transition of the CLK shifts one bit of
data into the on–chip shift registers. The last data bit entered
determines which counter storage latch is activated; a logic 1
selects the reference counter latch and a logic 0 selects the
÷ A, ÷ N counter latch. The data entry format is as follows:
MSB
LSB
CONTROL
÷R
FIRST DATA BIT INTO SHIFT REGISTER
Page 21 of 35
MSB
LSB
CONTROL
INPUT PINS
f in Frequency Input (Pin 8)
Input frequency from VCO output. A rising edge signal on
this input decrements the ÷ A and ÷ N counters. This input has
an inverter biased in the linear region to allow use with AC
coupled signals as low as 500 mV p–p. For larger amplitude
signals (standard CMOS logic levels), DC coupling may be
used.
÷N
MSB
LSB
÷A
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
FIRST DATA BIT INTO SHIFT REGISTER
ENB
Latch Enable Input (Pin 11)
A logic high on this pin latches the data from the shift register into the reference divider or ÷ N, ÷ A latches depending on
the control bit. The reference divider latches are activated if the
control bit is at a logic high and the ÷ N, ÷ A latches are activated if the control bit is at a logic low. A logic low on this pin
allows the user to change the data in the shift registers without
affecting the counters. ENB is normally low and is pulsed high
to transfer data to the latches.
OSCin, OSCout
Reference Oscillator Input/Output (Pins 1, 2)
These pins form an on–chip reference oscillator when connected to terminals of an external parallel resonant crystal.
Frequency setting capacitors of appropriate value must be connected from OSCin to ground and OSCout to ground. OSCin
may also serve as the input for an externally–generated reference signal. This signal is typically AC coupled to OSCin, but
for larger amplitude signals (standard CMOS logic levels) DC
coupling may also be used. In the external reference mode, no
connection is required to OSCout.
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML145158
ML145158
OUTPUT PINS
PDout
Phase Detector A Output (Pin 5)
This single–ended (three–state) phase detector output produces a loop–error signal that is used with a loop filter to control a VCO.
Frequency fV > fR or fV Leading: Negative Pulses
Frequency fV < fR or fV Lagging: Positive Pulses
Frequency fV = fR and Phase Coincidence:
High–Impedance State
φR, φV
Phase Detector B Outputs (Pins 16, 15)
Double–ended phase detector outputs. These outputs can be
combined externally for a loop–error signal. A single–ended
output is also available for this purpose (see PDout).
If frequency fV is greater than fR or if the phase of fV is
leading, then error information is provided by φV pulsing low.
φR remains essentially high.
If the frequency fV is less than fR or if the phase of fV is
lagging, then error information is provided by φR pulsing low.
φV remains essentially high.
If the frequency of fV = fR and both are in phase, then both
φV and φR remain high except for a small minimum time period when both pulse low in phase.
MC
Dual–Modulus Prescaler Control Output (Pin 12)
This output generates a signal by the on–chip control logic
circuitry for controlling an external dual–modulus prescaler.
The MC level is low at the beginning of a count cycle and
remains low until the ÷ A counter has counted down from its
programmed value. At this time, MC goes high and remains
high until the ÷ N counter has counted the rest of the way
down from its programmed value (N – A additional counts
since both ÷ N and ÷ A are counting down during the first portion of the cycle). MC is then set back low, the counters preset
to their respective programmed values, and the above sequence
repeated. This provides for a total programmable divide value
(NT) = N • P + A where P and P + 1 represent the dual–modu-
Page 22 of 35
lus prescaler divide values respectively for high and low modulus control levels, N the number programmed into the ÷ N
counter, and A the number programmed into the ÷ A counter.
Note that when a prescaler is needed, the dual–modulus version offers a distinct advantage. The dual–modulus prescaler
allows a higher reference frequency at the phase detector input,
increasing system performance capability, and simplifying the
loop filter design.
fR, fV
R Counter Output, N Counter Output (Pins 13, 3)
Buffered, divided reference and fin frequency outputs. The
fR and fV outputs are connected internally to the ÷ R and ÷ N
counter outputs respectively, allowing the counters to be used
independently, as well as monitoring the phase detector inputs.
LD
Lock Detector Output (Pin 7)
This output is essentially at a high level when the loop is
locked (fR, fV of same phase and frequency), and pulses low
when loop is out of lock.
REFout
Buffered Reference Oscillator Output (Pin 14)
This output can be used as a second local oscillator, reference oscillator to another frequency synthesizer, or as the system clock to a microprocessor controller.
POWER SUPPLY
VDD
Positive Power Supply (Pin 4)
The positive power supply potential. This pin may range
from + 3 to + 9 V with respect to VSS.
VSS
Negative Power Supply (Pin 6)
The most negative supply potential. This pin is usuallyground.
www.lansdale.com
#
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
ML14515X FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS AND DESCRIPTIONS - CONTINUED
MAXIMUM RATINGS* (Voltages Referenced to VSS)
Symbol
Value
Unit
– 0.5 to + 10.0
V
– 0.5 to VDD + 0.5
V
– 0.5 to + 15
V
Input or Output Current (DC or Transient),
per Pin
± 10
mA
IDD, ISS
Supply Current, VDD or VSS Pins
± 30
mA
PD
Power Dissipation, per Package†
500
mW
Tstg
Storage Temperature
– 65 to + 150
C
260
C
VDD
Vin, Vout
Vout
Iin, Iout
TL
Parameter
DC Supply Voltage
Input or Output Voltage (DC or Transient)
except SW1, SW2
Output Voltage (DC or Transient),
SW1, SW2 (Rpull–up = 4.7 kΩ)
Lead Temperature, 1 mm from Case for
10 seconds
These devices contain protection circuitry to
protect against damage due to high static
voltages or electric fields. However, precautions must be taken to avoid applications of any
voltage higher than maximum rated voltages
to these high–impedance circuits. For proper
operation, Vin and Vout should be constrained
to the range VSS
(Vin or Vout)
VDD
except for SW1 and SW2.
SW1 and SW2 can be tied through external
resistors to voltages as high as 15 V, independent of the supply voltage.
Unused inputs must always be tied to an
appropriate logic voltage level (e.g., either V SS
or VDD), except for inputs with pull–up devices.
Unused outputs must be left open.
* Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Functional operation should be restricted to the limits in the Electrical Characteristics
tables or Pin Descriptions section.
†Power Dissipation Temperature Derating:
Plastic DIP: – 12 mW/ C from 65 to 85 C
SOG Package: – 7 mW/ C from 65 to 85 C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Voltages Referenced to VSS)
Symbol
VDD
Parameter
Test Condition
Power Supply Voltage
Range
– 40 C
25 C
85 C
VDD
V
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
–
3
9
3
9
3
9
V
Iss
Dynamic Supply Current
fin = OSCin = 10 MHz,
1 V p–p AC coupled sine
wave
R = 128, A = 32, N = 128
3
5
9
–
–
–
3.5
10
30
–
–
–
3
7.5
24
–
–
–
3
7.5
24
mA
ISS
Quiescent Supply Current
(not including pull–up
current component)
Vin = VDD or VSS
Iout = 0 µA
3
5
9
–
–
–
800
1200
1600
–
–
–
800
1200
1600
–
–
–
1600
2400
3200
µA
Vin
Input Voltage – f in, OSCin
Input AC coupled sine wave
–
500
–
500
–
500
–
mV p–p
VIL
LowLevel Input V oltage
– f in, OSCin
Vout
Vout
Vout
2.1 V
3.5 V
6.3 V
Input DC
coupled
square wave
3
5
9
–
–
–
0
0
0
–
–
–
0
0
0
–
–
–
0
0
0
V
VIH
High–Level Input Voltage
– f in, OSCin
Vout
Vout
Vout
0.9 V
1.5 V
2.7 V
Input DC
coupled
square wave
3
5
9
3.0
5.0
9.0
–
–
–
3.0
5.0
9.0
–
–
–
3.0
5.0
9.0
–
–
–
V
VIL
Low–Level Input Voltage
– except f in, OSCin
3
5
9
–
–
–
0.9
1.5
2.7
–
–
–
0.9
1.5
2.7
–
–
–
0.9
1.5
2.7
V
VIH
High–Level Input Voltage
– except f in, OSCin
3
5
9
2.1
3.5
6.3
–
–
–
2.1
3.5
6.3
–
–
–
2.1
3.5
6.3
–
–
–
V
Iin
Input Current (fin, OSCin)
Vin = VDD or VSS
9
±2
± 50
±2
± 25
±2
± 22
µA
IIL
Input Leakage Current
(Data, CLK, ENB –
without pull–ups)
Vin = VSS
9
–
– 0.3
–
– 0.1
–
– 1.0
µA
IIH
Input Leakage Current (all
inputs except f in, OSCin)
Vin = VDD
9
–
0.3
–
0.1
–
1.0
µA
(continued)
Page 23 of 35
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
25 C
85 C
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
9
– 20
– 400
– 20
– 200
– 20
– 170
µA
–
–
10
–
10
–
10
pF
Symbol
Parameter
IIL
Pull–up Current (all inputs
with pull–ups)
Cin
Input Capacitance
VOL
Low–Level Output
Voltage – OSCout
Iout 0 µA
Vin = VDD
3
5
9
–
–
–
0.9
1.5
2.7
–
–
–
0.9
1.5
2.7
–
–
–
0.9
1.5
2.7
V
VOH
High–Level Output
Voltage – OSCout
Iout 0 µA
Vin = VSS
3
5
9
2.1
3.5
6.3
–
–
–
2.1
3.5
6.3
–
–
–
2.1
3.5
6.3
–
–
–
V
VOL
Low–Level Output
Voltage – Other Outputs
Iout
0 µA
3
5
9
–
–
–
0.05
0.05
0.05
–
–
–
0.05
0.05
0.05
–
–
–
0.05
0.05
0.05
V
VOH
High–Level Output
Voltage – Other Outputs
Iout
0 µA
3
5
9
2.95
4.95
8.95
–
–
–
2.95
4.95
8.95
–
–
–
2.95
4.95
8.95
–
–
–
V
Drain–to–Source
Breakdown Voltage –
SW1, SW2
Rpull–up = 4.7 kΩ
–
15
–
15
–
15
–
V
IOL
Low–Level Sinking
Current – MC
Vout = 0.3 V
Vout = 0.4 V
Vout = 0.5 V
3
5
9
1.30
1.90
3.80
–
–
–
1.10
1.70
3.30
–
–
–
0.66
1.08
2.10
–
–
–
mA
IOH
High–Level Sourcing
Current – MC
Vout = 2.7 V
Vout = 4.6 V
Vout = 8.5 V
3
5
9
– 0.60
– 0.90
– 1.50
–
–
–
– 0.50
– 0.75
– 1.25
–
–
–
– 0.30
– 0.50
– 0.80
–
–
–
mA
IOL
Low–Level Sinking
Current – LD
Vout = 0.3 V
Vout = 0.4 V
Vout = 0.5 V
3
5
9
0.25
0.64
1.30
–
–
–
0.20
0.51
1.00
–
–
–
0.15
0.36
0.70
–
–
–
mA
IOH
High–Level Sourcing
Current – LD
Vout = 2.7 V
Vout = 4.6 V
Vout = 8.5 V
3
5
9
– 0.25
– 0.64
– 1.30
–
–
–
– 0.20
– 0.51
– 1.00
–
–
–
– 0.15
– 0.36
– 0.70
–
–
–
mA
IOL
Low–Level Sinking
Current – SW1, SW2
Vout = 0.3 V
Vout = 0.4 V
Vout = 0.5 V
3
5
9
0.80
1.50
3.50
–
–
–
0.48
0.90
2.10
–
–
–
0.24
0.45
1.05
–
–
–
mA
IOL
Low–Level Sinking
Current – Other Outputs
Vout = 0.3 V
Vout = 0.4 V
Vout = 0.5 V
3
5
9
0.44
0.64
1.30
–
–
–
0.35
0.51
1.00
–
–
–
0.22
0.36
0.70
–
–
–
mA
IOH
High–Level Sourcing
Current – Other Outputs
Vout = 2.7 V
Vout = 4.6 V
Vout = 8.5 V
3
5
9
– 0.44
– 0.64
– 1.30
–
–
–
– 0.35
– 0.51
– 1.00
–
–
–
– 0.22
– 0.36
– 0.70
–
–
–
mA
IOZ
Output Leakage Current –
PDout
Vout = VDD or VSS
Output in Off State
9
–
± 0.3
–
± 0.1
–
± 1.0
µA
IOZ
Output Leakage Current –
SW1, SW2
Vout = VDD or VSS
Output in Off State
9
–
± 0.3
–
± 0.1
–
± 3.0
µA
Cout
Output Capacitance –
PDout
PDout – Three–State
–
–
10
–
10
–
10
pF
V(BR)DSS
Page 24 of 35
Test Condition
– 40 C
VDD
V
Vin = VSS
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CL = 50 pF, Input tr = tf = 10 ns)
VDD
V
Guaranteed Limit
255C
Guaranteed Limit
– 40 to 85°C
Maximum Propagation Delay, fin to MC
(Figures 1 and 4)
3
5
9
110
60
35
120
70
40
ns
Maximum Propagation Delay, ENB to SW1, SW2
(Figures 1 and 5)
3
5
9
160
80
50
180
95
60
ns
Output Pulse Width, φR, φV, and LD with fR in Phase with fV
(Figures 2 and 4)
3
5
9
25 to 200
20 to 100
10 to 70
25 to 260
20 to 125
10 to 80
ns
tTLH
Maximum Output Transition Time, MC
(Figures 3 and 4)
3
5
9
115
60
40
115
75
60
ns
tTHL
Maximum Output Transition Time, MC
(Figures 3 and 4)
3
5
9
60
34
30
70
45
38
ns
tTLH, tTHL
Maximum Output Transition Time, LD
(Figures 3 and 4)
3
5
9
180
90
70
200
120
90
ns
tTLH, tTHL
Maximum Output Transition Time, Other Outputs
(Figures 3 and 4)
3
5
9
160
80
60
175
100
65
ns
Symbol
Parameter
tPLH, tPHL
tPHL
tw
Unit
SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
VDD
INPUT 50%
– V SS
OUTPUT
tw
tPHL
tPLH
φR, φV, LD*
50%
50%
* fR in phase with fV.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
tTLH
ANY
OUTPUT
tTHL
90%
10%
Figure 3.
VDD
TEST POINT
TEST POINT
OUTPUT
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
OUTPUT
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
CL*
* Includes all probe and fixture capacitance.
Figure 4. Test Circuit
Page 25 of 35
15 kΩ
CL*
* Includes all probe and fixture capacitance.
Figure 5. Test Circuit
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
TIMING REQUIREMENTS (Input tr = tf = 10 ns unless otherwise indicated)
Symbol
Parameter
VDD
V
Guaranteed Limit
25 C
Guaranteed Limit
– 40 to 85 C
Unit
fclk
Serial Data Clock Frequency, Assuming 25% Duty Cycle
NOTE: Refer to CLK t w(H) below
(Figure 6)
3
5
9
DC to 5.0
DC to 7.1
DC to 10
DC to 3.5
DC to 7.1
DC to 10
MHz
tsu
Minimum Setup Time, Data to CLK
(Figure 7)
3
5
9
30
20
18
30
20
18
ns
th
Minimum Hold Time, CLK to Data
(Figure 7)
3
5
9
40
20
15
40
20
15
ns
tsu
Minimum Setup Time, CLK to ENB
(Figure 7)
3
5
9
70
32
25
70
32
25
ns
trec
Minimum Recovery Time, ENB to CLK
(Figure 7)
3
5
9
5
10
20
5
10
20
ns
tw(H)
Minimum Pulse Width, CLK and ENB
(Figure 6)
3
5
9
50
35
25
70
35
25
ns
Maximum Input Rise and Fall Times – Any Input
(Figure 8)
3
5
9
5
4
2
5
4
2
µs
tr, tf
SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
– VDD
tw(H)
DATA
– VDD
CLK,
ENB
50%
VSS
tsu
50%
th
VSS
1 *
4 fclk
CLK
*Assumes 25% Duty Cycle.
Figure 6.
ENB
50%
– VDD
FIRST
CLK
LAST
CLK
tsu
VSS
trec
– VDD
50%
VSS
tr
ANY
OUTPUT
PREVIOUS
DATA
LATCHED
tf
– VDD
90%
10%
VSS
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Page 26 of 35
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS (Voltages References to VSS, CL = 50 pF, Input tr = tf =10 ns unless otherwise indicated)
Symbol
fi
Parameter
Input Frequency
(fin, OSCin)
– 40 C
25 C
85 C
VDD
V
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
R ≥ 8, A ≥ 0, N ≥ 8
Vin = 500 mV p–p
AC coupled sine wave
3
5
9
–
–
–
6
15
15
–
–
–
6
15
15
–
–
–
6
15
15
MHz
R ≥ 8, A ≥ 0, N ≥ 8
Vin = 1 V p–p AC coupled
sine wave
3
5
9
–
–
–
12
22
25
–
–
–
12
20
22
–
–
–
7
20
22
MHz
R ≥ 8, A ≥ 0, N ≥ 8
Vin = VDD to VSS
DC coupled square wave
3
5
9
–
–
–
13
25
25
–
–
–
12
22
25
–
–
–
8
22
25
MHz
Test Condition
NOTE: Usually, the PLL's propagation delay from f in to MC plus the setup time of the prescaler determines the upper frequency limit of the system.
The upper frequency limit is found with the following formula: f = P / (tP + tset) where f is the upper frequency in Hz, P is the lower of the dual
modulus prescaler ratios, tP is the fin to MC propagation delay in seconds, and t set is the prescaler setup time in seconds.
For example, with a 5 V supply, the fin to MC delay is 70 ns. If the MC12028A prescaler is used, the setup time is 16 ns. Thus, if the 64/65
ratio is utilized, the upper frequency limit is f = P / (tP + tset) = 64/(70 + 16) = 744 MHz.
fR
REFERENCE
OSC ÷ R
VH
VL
VH
fV
FEEDBACK
(fin ÷ N)
*
VL
VH
HIGH IMPEDANCE
PDout
VL
VH
φR
VL
VH
φV
VL
VH
LD
VL
VH = High Voltage Level.
VL = Low Voltage Level.
* At this point, when both fR and fV are in phase, the output is forced to near mid–supply.
NOTE: The PDout generates error pulses during out–of–lock conditions. When locked in phase and frequency the output is high
and the voltage at this pin is determined by the low–pass filter capacitor.
Figure 9. Phase Detector/Lock Detector Output Waveforms
Page 27 of 35
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
PHASE–LOCKED LOOP – LOW–PASS FILTER DESIGN
A)
PDout
φR –
VCO
ωn =
R1
C
ζ =
φV –
F(s) =
B)
PDout
VCO
ωn =
R1
φR –
R2
φV –
C
R2
PDout –
φR
φV
Nωn
2KφKVCO
1
R1sC + 1
KφKVCO
NC(R1 + R2)
ζ = 0.5 ωn ( R2C +
F(s) =
C)
KφKVCO
NR1C
R1
ωn =
C
_
+A
VCO
ζ =
R1
N
KφKVCO
)
R2sC + 1
(R1 + R2)sC + 1
KφKVCO
NCR1
ωnR2C
2
ASSUMING GAIN A IS VERY LARGE, THEN:
R2
C
F(s) =
R2sC + 1
R1sC
NOTE: Sometimes R1 is split into two series resistors, each R1 ÷ 2. A capacitor C C is then placed from the midpoint to ground to further
filter φV and φR. The value of C C should be such that the corner frequency of this network does not significantly affect ωn.
The φR and φV outputs swing rail–to–rail. Therefore, the user should be careful not to exceed the common mode input range of the
op amp used in the combiner/loop filter.
DEFINITIONS:
N = Total Division Ratio in feedback loop
Kφ (Phase Detector Gain) = VDD/4π for PD out
Kφ (Phase Detector Gain) = VDD/2π for φV and φR
2π∆fVCO
KVCO (VCO Gain) =
∆VVCO
for a typical design w n (Natural Frequency)
Damping Factor: ζ ≅ 1
2πfr
10
(at phase detector input).
RECOMMENDED READING:
Gardner, Floyd M., Phaselock Techniques (second edition). New York, Wiley–Interscience, 1979.
Manassewitsch, Vadim, Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design (second edition). New York, Wiley–Interscience, 1980.
Blanchard, Alain, Phase–Locked Loops: Application to Coherent Receiver Design. New York, Wiley–Interscience, 1976.
Egan, William F., Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock. New York, Wiley–Interscience, 1981.
Rohde, Ulrich L., Digital PLL Frequency Synthesizers Theory and Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice–Hall, 1983.
Berlin, Howard M., Design of Phase–Locked Loop Circuits, with Experiments. Indianapolis, Howard W. Sams and Co., 1978.
Kinley, Harold, The PLL Synthesizer Cookbook. Blue Ridge Summit, PA, Tab Books, 1980.
AN535, Phase–Locked Loop Design Fundamentals, Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc., 1970.
AR254, Phase–Locked Loop Design Articles, Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc., Reprinted with permission from Electronic Design,
1987.
Page 28 of 35
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CONSIDERATIONS
The following options may be considered to provide a reference frequency to Motorola's or Lansdale’s CMOS frequency
synthesizers.
Use of a Hybrid Crystal Oscillator
Commercially available temperature–compensated crystal
oscillators (TCXOs) or crystal–controlled data clock oscillators provide very stable reference frequencies. An oscillator
capable of sinking and sourcing 50 µA at CMOS logic levels
may be direct or DC coupled to OSCin. In general, the highest
frequency capability is obtained utilizing a direct–coupled
square wave having a rail–to–rail (VDD to VSS) voltage
swing. If the oscillator does not have CMOS logic levels on the
outputs, capacitive or AC coupling to OSCin may be used.
OSCout, an unbuffered output, should be left floating.
For additional information about TCXOs and data clock
oscillators, please consult the latest version of the eem Electronic Engineers Master Catalog, the Gold Book, or similar
publications.
Design an Off–Chip Reference
The user may design an off–chip crystal oscillator using ICs
specifically developed for crystal oscillator applications, such
as the ML12061 MECL device. The reference signal from the
MECL device is AC coupled to OSCin. For large amplitude
signals (standard CMOS logic levels), DC coupling is used.
OSCout, an unbuffered output, should be left floating. In general, the highest frequency capability is obtained with a direct–coupled square wave having rail–to–rail voltage swing.
Use of the On–Chip Oscillator Circuitry
The on–chip amplifier (a digital inverter) along with an appropriate crystal may be used to provide a reference source frequency. A fundamental mode crystal, parallel resonant at the
desired operating frequency, should be connected as shown in
Figure 10.
FREQUENCY
SYNTHESIZER
Rf
OSCin
C1
R1*
OSCout
C2
* May be deleted in certain cases. See text.
Figure 10. Pierce Crystal Oscillator Circuit
For VDD = 5.0 V, the crystal should be specified for a loading
capacitance, CL, which does not exceed 32 pF for frequencies to
approximately 8.0 MHz, 20 pF for frequencies in the area of 8.0 to
15 MHz, and 10 pF for higher frequencies. These are guidelines
that provide a reasonable compromise between IC capacitance,
drive capability, swamping variations in stray and IC input/output
capacitance, and realistic CL values. The shunt load capacitance,
CL, presented across the crystal can be estimated to be:
Page 29 of 35
CL =
CinCout
+ Ca + Co + C1 • C2
C1 + C2
Cin + Cout
where
Cin =
Cout =
Ca =
CO =
5 pF (see Figure 11)
6 pF (see Figure 11)
1 pF (see Figure 11)
the crystal's holder capacitance
(see Figure 12)
C1 and C2 = external capacitors (see Figure 10)
Ca
Cin
Cout
Figure 11. Parasitic Capacitances of the Amplifier
RS
1
2
LS
CS
1
2
CO
1
Re
Xe
2
NOTE: Values are supplied by crystal manufacturer
(parallel resonant crystal).
Figure 12. Equivalent Crystal Networks
The oscillator can be “trimmed” on–frequency by making a
portion or all of C1 variable. The crystal and associated components must be located as close as possible to the OSCin and
OSCout pins to minimize distortion, stray capacitance, stray
inductance, and startup stabilization time. In some cases, stray
capacitance should be added to the value for Cin and Cout.
Power is dissipated in the effective series resistance of the
crystal, Re, in Figure 12. The drive level specified by the crystal manufacturer is the maximum stress that a crystal can withstand without damage or excessive shift in frequency. R1 in
Figure 10 limits the drive level. The use of R1 may not be necessary in some cases (i.e., R1 = 0 Ω).
To verify that the maximum DC supply voltage does not
overdrive the crystal, monitor the output frequency as a function of voltage at OSCout. (Care should be taken to minimize
loading.) The frequency should increase very slightly as the
DC supply voltage is increased. An overdriven crystal will
decrease in frequency or become unstable with an increase in
supply voltage. The operating supply voltage must be reduced
or R1 must be increased in value if the overdriven condition
exists. The user should note that the oscillator start–up time is
proportional to the value of R1.
Through the process of supplying crystals for use with
CMOS inverters, many crystal manufacturers have developed
expertise in CMOS oscillator design with crystals. Discussions
with such manufacturers can prove very helpful (see Table 1).
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
Table 1. Partial List of Crystal Manufacturers
United States Crystal Corp.
Crystek Crystal
Statek Corp.
Fox Electronics
NOTE: Lansdale and Motorola do not recommend one supplier over another and in no
way suggests that this is a complete listing of crystal manufacturers.
RECOMMENDED READING
Technical Note TN–24, Statek Corp.
Technical Note TN–7, Statek Corp.
E. Hafner, “The Piezoelectric Crystal Unit – Definitions and
Method of Measurement”, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 57, No. 2
Feb.,1969.
D. Kemper, L. Rosine, “Quartz Crystals for
FrequencyControl”, Electro–Technology, June, 1969.
P. J. Ottowitz, “A Guide to Crystal Selection”, Electronic
Design, May, 1966.
DUAL–MODULUS PRESCALING
OVERVIEW
The technique of dual–modulus prescaling is well established as a method of achieving high performance frequency
synthesizer operation at high frequencies. Basically, the
approach allows relatively low–frequency programmable counters to be used as high–frequency programmable counters with
speed capability of several hundred MHz. This is possible with
out the sacrifice in system resolution and performance that
results if a fixed (single–modulus) divider is used for the
prescaler.
In dual–modulus prescaling, the lower speed counters must
be uniquely configured. Special control logic is necessary to
select the divide value P or P + 1 in the prescaler for the
required amount of time (see modulus control definition).
Lansdale's dual–modulus frequency synthesizers contain this
feature and can be used with a variety of dual–modulusprescalers to allow speed, complexity and cost to be tailored to
the system requirements. Prescalers having P, P + 1 divide values in the range of ÷ 3/÷4 to ÷128/÷ 129 can be controlled by
most Lansdale frequency synthesizers.
Several dual–modulus prescaler approaches suitable for use
with the MC145152 (Motorola), ML145156, or ML145158 are:
ML12009
ML12011
ML12013
ML12015
ML12016
ML12017
ML12018
MC12028A
MC12034
MC12038
ML12052
ML12054A
Page 30 of 35
÷ 5/÷ 6
÷ 8/÷ 9
÷ 10/÷ 11
÷ 32/÷ 33
÷ 40/÷ 41
÷ 64/÷ 65
÷ 128/÷ 129
÷ 32/33 or ÷ 64/65
÷32/33 or ÷64/65
÷127/128 or ÷255/256
÷ 64/65 or ÷ 128/129
÷ 64/65 or ÷ 128/129
440 MHz
500 MHz
500 MHz
225 MHz
225 MHz
225 MHz
520 MHz
1.1 GHz
2.0 GHz
1.1 GHz
1.1 GHz
2.0 GHz
DESIGN GUIDELINES
The system total divide value, N total (NT) will be dictated
by the application:
N is the number programmed into the ÷ N counter, A is the
NT =
frequency into the prescaler
=N• P+A
frequency into the phase detector
number programmed into the ÷ A counter, P and P + 1 are the
two selectable divide ratios available in the dual–modulus
prescalers. To have a range of NT values in sequence, the
÷ A counter is programmed from zero through P – 1 for a particular value N in the ÷ N counter. N is then incremented to N
+ 1 and the ÷ A is sequenced from 0 through P – 1 again.
There are minimum and maximum values that can be
achieved for NT. These values are a function of P and the size
of the ÷ N and ÷ A counters.
The constraint N ≥ A always applies. If Amax = P – 1, then
Nmin ≥ P – 1. Then NT min = (P – 1) P + A or (P – 1) P since
A is free to assume the value of 0.
NTmax = Nmax • P + Amax
To maximize system frequency capability, the dual–modulus
prescaler output must go from low to high after each group of
P or P + 1 input cycles. The prescaler should divide by P when
its modulus control line is high and by P + 1 when its MC is
low.
For the maximum frequency into the prescaler (fVCOmax), the
value used for P must be large enough such that:
1.fVCOmax divided by P may not exceed the frequency
capability of f in (input to the ÷ N and ÷ A counters).
2.The period of fVCO divided by P must be greater than the
sum of the times:
a. Propagation delay through the dual–modulus prescaler.
b. Prescaler setup or release time relative to its MC signal.
c. Propagation time from f in to the MC output for the
frequency synthesizer device.
A sometimes useful simplification in the programming code
can be achieved by choosing the values for P of 8, 16, 32, or
64. For these cases, the desired value of NT results when NT
in binary is used as the program code to the ÷ N and ÷ A counters treated in the following manner:
1.Assume the ÷A counter contains “a” bits where 2a ≥P.
2.Always program all higher order ÷A counter bits above
“a” to 0.
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Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
3. Assume the ÷N counter and the ÷A counter (with all the
higher order bits above “a” ignored) combined into a single
binary counter of n + a bits in length (n = number of divider
stages in the ÷N counter). The MSB of this “hypothetical”
counter is to correspond to the MSB of ÷ N and the LSB is to
correspond to the LSB of ÷ A. The system divide value, NT,
now results when the value of NT in binary is used to program
the “new” n + a bit counter.
By using the two devices, several dual–modulus values are
achievable (shown in Figure 13).
MC
DEVICE A
DEVICE
B
DEVICE A
ML12009
MC10131
÷ 20/÷ 21
MC10138
÷ 50/÷ 51
DEVICE B
ML12011
ML12013
÷ 32/÷ 33
÷ 80/÷ 81
÷ 40/÷ 41
÷ 100/÷ 101
NOTE: ML12009, ML12011, and ML12013 are pin equivalent.
ML12015, ML12016, and ML12017 are pin equivalent.
Figure 13. Dual–Modulus Values
Page 31 of 35
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Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
P DIP 16 = EP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 648–08
(ML145157EP, ML145158EP)
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.
5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.
–A–
16
9
B
F
C
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
S
L
S
–T–
SEATING
PLANE
K
H
G
D
M
J
16 PL
0.25 (0.010)
M
T A
M
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.740
0.770
0.250
0.270
0.145
0.175
0.015
0.021
0.040
0.70
0.100 BSC
0.050 BSC
0.008
0.015
0.110
0.130
0.295
0.305
0°
10°
0.020
0.040
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
18.80
19.55
6.35
6.85
3.69
4.44
0.39
0.53
1.02
1.77
2.54 BSC
1.27 BSC
0.21
0.38
2.80
3.30
7.50
7.74
0°
10°
0.51
1.01
P DIP 18 = VP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 707–02
(ML145155VP)
18
NOTES:
1. POSITIONAL TOLERANCE OF LEADS (D),
SHALL BE WITHIN 0.25 (0.010) AT MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION, IN RELATION TO
SEATING PLANE AND EACH OTHER.
2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD
FLASH.
10
B
A
L
C
N
F
H
Page 32 of 35
D
G
SEATING
PLANE
K
M
J
www.lansdale.com
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
22.22 23.24
6.10
6.60
3.56
4.57
0.36
0.56
1.27
1.78
2.54 BSC
1.02
1.52
0.20
0.30
2.92
3.43
7.62 BSC
0°
15°
0.51
1.02
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.875 0.915
0.240 0.260
0.140 0.180
0.014 0.022
0.050 0.070
0.100 BSC
0.040 0.060
0.008 0.012
0.115 0.135
0.300 BSC
0°
15°
0.020 0.040
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
P DIP 20 = RP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 738–03
(ML145156RP)
-A20
11
1
10
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD
FLASH.
B
C
-T-
L
DIM
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
J
K
L
M
N
K
SEATING
PLANE
M
E
G
N
F
J 20 PL
0.25 (0.010)
D 20 PL
0.25 (0.010)
M
T A
M
T
B
M
M
INCHES
MIN
MAX
1.010 1.070
0.240 0.260
0.150 0.180
0.015 0.022
0.050 BSC
0.050 0.070
0.100 BSC
0.008 0.015
0.110 0.140
0.300 BSC
15°
0°
0.020 0.040
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
25.66 27.17
6.10
6.60
3.81
4.57
0.39
0.55
1.27 BSC
1.27
1.77
2.54 BSC
0.21
0.38
2.80
3.55
7.62 BSC
0°
15°
1.01
0.51
SOG 20 = -6P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751D–04
(MC145155-6P, MC145156-6P)
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.150
(0.006) PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE
DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOW ABLE
DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13
(0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION
AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
–A–
20
11
–B–
10X
P
0.010 (0.25)
1
M
B
M
10
20X
D
0.010 (0.25)
M
T A
B
S
J
S
F
R
C
–T–
18X
Page 33 of 35
G
K
SEATING
PLANE
X 45°
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
J
K
M
P
R
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
12.65
12.95
7.40
7.60
2.35
2.65
0.35
0.49
0.50
0.90
1.27 BSC
0.25
0.32
0.10
0.25
0°
7°
10.05
10.55
0.25
0.75
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.499
0.510
0.292
0.299
0.093
0.104
0.014
0.019
0.020
0.035
0.050 BSC
0.010
0.012
0.004
0.009
0°
7°
0.395
0.415
0.010
0.029
M
www.lansdale.com
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
P DIP 28 = YP
PLASTIC DIP
CASE 710–02
(ML145151YP, ML145152YP)
28
NOTES:
1. POSITIONAL TOLERANCE OF LEADS (D),
SHALL BE WITHIN 0.25mm (0.010) AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION, IN
RELATION TO SEATING PLANE AND
EACH OTHER.
2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS
WHEN FORMED PARALLEL.
3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH.
15
B
1
14
A
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
L
C
N
H
G
M
K
D
F
J
SEATING
PLANE
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
36.45 37.21
13.72 14.22
3.94
5.08
0.36
0.56
1.02
1.52
2.54 BSC
1.65
2.16
0.20
0.38
2.92
3.43
15.24 BSC
0°
15°
0.51
1.02
INCHES
MIN
MAX
1.435 1.465
0.540 0.560
0.155 0.200
0.014 0.022
0.040 0.060
0.100 BSC
0.065 0.085
0.008 0.015
0.115 0.135
0.600 BSC
0°
15°
0.020 0.040
SO 28W = -6P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751F–04
(ML145151-6P, ML145152–6P)
-A28
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD
PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15
(0.006) PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE
DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE
DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13
(0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D
DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL
CONDITION.
15
14X
-B1
P
0.010 (0.25)
M
B
M
14
28X D
0.010 (0.25)
M
T A
S
B
M
S
R X 45°
C
-T26X
-T-
G
K
SEATING
PLANE
F
J
Page 34 of 35
www.lansdale.com
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
J
K
M
P
R
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
17.80 18.05
7.60
7.40
2.65
2.35
0.49
0.35
0.90
0.41
1.27 BSC
0.32
0.23
0.29
0.13
8°
0°
10.05 10.55
0.25
0.75
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.701 0.711
0.292 0.299
0.093 0.104
0.014 0.019
0.016 0.035
0.050 BSC
0.009 0.013
0.005 0.011
0°
8°
0.395 0.415
0.010 0.029
Issue A
LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc.
ML1451xx
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
SOG 20 = -5P
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751G–02
(ML145157-5P, ML145158-5P)
–A–
16
9
–B–
8X
P
0.010 (0.25)
1
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD
PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER
SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOW ABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN
EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION.
M
B
M
8
16X
J
D
0.010 (0.25)
M
T A
S
B
S
F
R X 45°
C
–T–
14X
G
K
SEATING
PLANE
M
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
J
K
M
P
R
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
10.15
10.45
7.40
7.60
2.35
2.65
0.35
0.49
0.50
0.90
1.27 BSC
0.25
0.32
0.10
0.25
0°
7°
10.05
10.55
0.25
0.75
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.400
0.411
0.292
0.299
0.093
0.104
0.014
0.019
0.020
0.035
0.050 BSC
0.010
0.012
0.004
0.009
0°
7°
0.395
0.415
0.010
0.029
Lansdale Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. Lansdale does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit
described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. T
Ò ypical ” parameters which
may be provided in Lansdale data sheets and/or specifications can vary in different applications, and actual performance may
vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by the customer’s
technical experts. Lansdale Semiconductor is a registered trademark of Lansdale Semiconductor, Inc.
Page 35 of 35
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Issue A