LM3622 Lithium-Ion Battery Charger Controller General Description The LM3622 is a charge controller for Lithium-Ion batteries. This monolithic integrated circuit accurately controls an external pass transistor for precision Lithium-Ion battery charging. The LM3622 provides a constant voltage or constant current (CVCC) configuration that changes, as necessary, to optimally charge lithium-ion battery cells. Voltage charging versions (4.1V, 4.2V, 8.2V, and 8.4V) are available for one or two cell battery packs and for coke or graphite anode battery chemistry. The LM3622 accepts input voltages from 4.5V to 24V. Controller accuracy over temperature is ± 30mV/cell for A grade and ± 50mV/cell for the standard grade. No precision external resistors are required. Furthermore, the LM3622’s proprietary output voltage sensing circuit drains less than 200nA from the battery when the input source is disconnected. The LM3622 circuitry includes functions for regulating the charge voltage with a temperature compensated bandgap reference and regulating the current with an external sense resistor. The internal bandgap insures excellent controller performance over the operating temperature and input supply range. The LM3622 can sink 15mA minimum at the EXT pin to drive the base of an external PNP pass transistor. It also has low-voltage battery threshold circuitry that removes this drive when the cell voltage drops below a preset limit. The LVSEL pin programs this threshold voltage to either 2.7V/cell or 2.15V/cell. The low-voltage detection, which is a user enabled feature, provides an output signal that can be used to enable a ″wake up charge″ source automatically to precondition a deeply discharged pack. The LM3622 is available in a standard 8-lead SOIC surface mount package. Features n Versions for charging of 1 cell (4.1V or 4.2V) or 2 cells (8.2V or 8.4V) n Versions for coke or graphite anode n Precision ( ± 30mV/cell) end-of-charge control n Wide input range: 4.5V-24V n Low battery drain leakage: 200nA n 15 mA available to drive low cost PNP Applications n Cellular phone cradle charger n PDA/Notebook cradle charger n Camcorder cradle charger Typical Application DS100974-1 © 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS100974 www.national.com LM3622 Lithium-Ion Battery Charger Controller February 2000 LM3622 Connection Diagram 8-Lead Surface Mount Package DS100974-2 Refer to the Ordering Information Table in this Datasheet for Specific Part Number See NS Package M08A Pin Description Pin No. Name I/O 1 LVSEL Input Low-voltage detection threshold Select. The threshold is 2.15V/cell when this pin is pulled low to GND and 2.70V/cell when it is pulled up to VCC. The battery voltage is sensed between CEL and CS pins. 2 LVENB Input Low-voltage detection Enable. The low-voltage detection is enabled when this pin is pulled Low to GND. Pulling this pin HIGH to VCC disables the low-voltage detection. 3 LV Output Output of the low-voltage detection. This pin is a NPN open-collector output that goes to low impedance state when LVENB is pulled LOW and the battery voltage is below the threshold set by LVSEL. LV stays in HIGH impedance state at any battery voltage when LVENB is pulled HIGH to VCC. LV can be used for turning on a low current source to recondition a deeply depleted battery. 4 GND Ground IC common. 5 CS Input Input for battery charge current and battery negative-terminal voltage sensing. Battery charging current is sensed through an external resistor, RCS, connected between the battery’s negative terminal and GND. The maximum charge current is regulated to a value of 100mV/RCS. 6 CEL Input Battery positive-terminal voltage sensing. 7 EXT Output 8 VCC Power Supply www.national.com Description Output of the controller for driving a PNP transistor or P-MOSFET. The controller modulates the current sinking into this pin to control the regulation of either the charge current or the battery voltage. IC power supply 2 LM3622 Ordering Information Voltage Grade Accuracy Order Information 4.1V A LM3622AM-4.1 4.1V A 4.1V Standard 4.1V Standard 4.2V A 4.2V A 4.2V Standard 4.2V Standard 8.2V A ± 30mV ± 30mV ± 50mV ± 50mV ± 30mV ± 30mV ± 50mV ± 50mV ± 60mV ± 60mV ± 100mV ± 100mV ± 60mV ± 60mV ± 100mV ± 100mV 8.2V A 8.2V Standard 8.2V Standard 8.4V A 8.4V A 8.4V Standard 8.4V Standard LM3622AMX-4.1 LM3622M-4.1 LM3622MX-4.1 LM3622AM-4.2 LM3622AMX-4.2 LM3622M-4.2 Supplied As 95 unit increments in rail 2500 unit increments in tape and reel 95 unit increments in rail 2500 unit increments in tape and reel 95 unit increments in rail 2500 unit increments in tape and reel 95 unit increments in rail LM3622MX-4.2 2500 unit increments in tape and reel LM3622AM-8.2 95 unit increments in rail LM3622AMX-8.2 LM3622M-8.2 2500 unit increments in tape and reel 95 unit increments in rail LM3622MX-8.2 2500 unit increments in tape and reel LM3622AM-8.4 95 unit increments in rail LM3622AMX-8.4 LM3622M-8.4 LM3622MX-8.4 3 2500 unit increments in tape and reel 95 unit increments in rail 2500 unit increments in tape and reel www.national.com LM3622 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Power Dissipation (TA = 25˚C) (Note 4) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Max. Package Dissipation 350mW Operating Ratings (Note 1) Supply Voltage (VCC) -0.3 to 24V LV -0.3 to 24V Supply Voltage (VCC) EXT (Note 2) -0.3 to 24V Ambient Temperature Range −20˚C to 70˚C LVSEL -0.3 to 24V Junction Temperature Range −20˚C to 85˚C LVENB -0.3 to 24V Thermal Resistance, θJA ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) Storage Temperature 2500V 4.5V to 24V SOIC-8 170˚C/W −40˚C to +125˚C Lead Temp. Soldering Vapor Phase (60 sec.) Infrared (15 sec.) 215˚C 220˚C Electrical Characteristics LM3622-XX Unless otherwise specified VCC = 5V/Cell TA = TJ = 25˚C. Limits with standard typeface apply for TJ = 25˚C, and limits in boldface type apply over the indicated temperature range. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units VCC Operating power supply range ICC Quiescent Current TJ = 0˚C to +70˚C VCC = 4.5V/cell (Note 5) VCEL Regulation Voltage LM3622A-4.1 LM3622A-8.2 LM3622A-4.2 LM3622A-8.4 LM3622-4.1 LM3622-8.2 LM3622-4.2 LM3622-8.4 Long Term Stability VCS Current limit threshold at CS pin (Note 6) VCEL = 4V for LM3622-4.X VCEL = 8V for LM3622-8.X ICEL Current in CEL pin VCC Supply connected 25 µA 200 nA Low voltage detect threshold (between pins CS and GND) VCC Supply Open LVENB = 0V and LVSEL = 0V LVENB = 0V and LVSEL = VCC LVth IEXT EXT pin output sink current IIN1 LVSEL input current IIN2 LVENB input current ILV LV pin leakage current VLV LV pin saturation voltage 4.5 24.0 210 VEXT = 4V for LM3622-4.X VEXT = 8V for LM3622-8.X LVSEL = 5V, LM3622-4.X LVSEL = 10V, LM3622-8.X LVENB = 5V, LM3622-4.X LVENB = 10V, LM3622-8.X LV = 5V/Cell 4.070 8.140 4.170 8.340 4.050 8.100 4.150 8.300 4.100 8.200 4.200 8.400 4.100 8.200 4.200 8.400 4.130 8.260 4.230 8.460 4.150 8.300 4.250 8.500 V V V V V V V 110 mV % 0.02 90 100 V µA 2.00 2.15 2.30 V/Cell 2.55 2.70 2.85 V/Cell 15 25 mA 20 50 µA 20 50 µA ISINK = 1mA TJ = −20˚C to 85˚C 0.25 250 nA 0.40 V Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: VEXT is not allowed to exceed (VCC+ 0.3V) or damage to the device may occur. Note 3: Rating is for the human body model, a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin. Note 4: The maximum power dissipation must be de-rated at elevated temperatures and is limited by TJMAX (maximum junction temperature), θJA (junction-to-ambient thermal resistance) and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum power dissipation at any temperature is: PDissMAX = (TJMAX − TA) / θJA up to the value listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings. Note 5: Limits reflect initial accuracy. Note 6: TJ = 85˚C, 1000 hours. Activation energy of 0.78eV used. www.national.com 4 Output Voltage Regulation Vs VCC Unless otherwise specified, TA = 25˚C. Current Sense Voltage Regulation Vs VCC DS100974-5 Output Drive Current Vs VCC LM3622 Typical Performance Characteristics Current Sense Voltage Regulation Vs Temperature DS100974-8 Output Drive Current Vs VCC DS100974-6 Quiescent Current Vs VCC DS100974-7 5 DS100974-4 DS100974-3 www.national.com LM3622 Functional Description DS100974-11 FIGURE 1. LM3622 Simplified Block Diagram The simplified LM3622 block diagram in Figure 1 gives a general idea of the circuit operation. The controller integrates the reference, feedback and drive functions on-chip to control a linear, lithium-ion battery charger in constant voltage and constant current (CVCC) charge operation. The regulated output voltage is sensed between CEL and CS, and the battery charge current is sensed across a current-sense resistor between CS and GND. The EXT pin is designed for driving a series pass element, which can be a PNP transistor or a P-MOSFET. Tying the LVENB pin to ground enables the controller’s low-voltage detection circuit. When the low-voltage detection circuit is enabled and a battery voltage below a preset threshold is detected, the LM3622 will drive the LV pin low and shut off the current flowing into the EXT pin to suspend the CVCC charge process. The low-voltage threshold is user selectable to be either 2.15V/cell or 2.7V/cell by pulling the LVSEL pin to GND or VCC respectively. The LV pin is a NPN open collector output that can be used to turn on a low current source to wake up charge a deeply depleted battery. When the low-voltage detection is disabled (LVENB pulled up to VCC), the LM3622 always starts the charge cycle in constant current mode at any battery voltage below the controller’s regulation level, and maintains the LV pin at a high-impedance state. the power down switch will disconnect the resistor divider from the CS pin, preventing the battery from discharging through the CEL pin. EXT Pin The EXT pin is internally pulled up to VCC via a 20µA current source making it possible to eliminate the external base-emitter resistor when driving a PNP transistor, or the gate-source resistor when driving a P-MOSFET. However, the voltage applied to EXT is not allowed to be higher than (VCC + 0.3V), otherwise the reverse current from EXT pin to VCC pin may cause damage to the device. LV Pin Current Rating The LV pin is a low power, NPN open collector output that is rated to sink 10mA maximum. Therefore, the value of the pull up resistor should be chosen high enough to limit the current to be less than 10mA. CS Pin In normal operation, the current limit threshold voltage for the CS pin is 100mV typical. In case of a fault condition, the voltage to this pin should be limited to below 5V. Application Information CEL Pin Current Drain The LM3622 has an internal power down switch in series with the on-chip resistor divider that is used for sensing the battery voltage. In the event that the VCC supply is removed, www.national.com 6 LM3622 Typical Application DS100974-13 FIGURE 2. Low Dropout, Constant Current/Constant Voltage Li-ion Battery Charger The low dropout linear charger shown in Figure 2 provides constant current and constant voltage charging of 1-cell lithium-ion battery packs. J1 and J2 are used for selecting the operation of the low-voltage detection. The LM3622 initializes the charge cycle based on the battery voltage and the enable status of the low-voltage detection. When the low-voltage detection is disabled, the LM3622 starts the charge cycle constant current mode if the battery voltage is below the controller’s regulation level. In constant current mode, the LM3622 modulates the base drive of Q2 to regulate a constant 100mV across the current sense resistor R1, thus generating charge current of I-charge = 0.1V/R1 which is equal to 0.5A in this case. Once the battery voltage reaches the target regulation level set by the LM3622, Q2 is controlled to regulate the voltage across the battery, and the constant voltage mode of the charging cycle starts. Once the charger is in the constant voltage mode, the charger maintains a regulated voltage across the battery and the charging current is dependent on the state of the charge of the battery. As the cell approaches a fully charged condition, the charge current falls to a very low value. When the low-voltage detection is enabled and the initial battery voltage is below the low-voltage threshold, the LM3622 turns Q2 off and forces the LV pin low to drive Q1 on to start a wake up charge phase. Q1 in conjunction with R2 provides a low current source to recondition the battery. During the wake up charge mode, Q1 is driven into saturation and the wake up charge current is programmed by R2, I-charge (wake) = (VIN – VCE1 – VD1 – LVth)/R2 Once the battery voltage reaches the low-voltage threshold, the LV pin transitions to a high-impedance state to end the wake up charge phase, and the EXT pin resumes the base drive of Q2 to start the constant current mode. The charging cycle is completed in constant voltage mode when the battery is fully charged. Figure 3 shows the timing diagram of the charge cycle with the low-voltage detection enabled. D1 is a general-purpose silicon diode used for isolating the battery from the charger circuitry that could discharge the battery when the input source is removed. Changing D1 to a Schottky diode will reduce the overall dropout voltage of the circuit, but the penalty is higher leakage current associated with Schottky diodes. where VIN is the input supply voltage, VCE1 is the collector-emitter on state voltage of Q1, VD1 is the diode forward voltage of D1, and LVth is the low-voltage threshold level set by switch J2. 7 www.national.com LM3622 Timing Diagram DS100974-12 FIGURE 3. Typical Charge Cycle with Low-Voltage Detection Enabled. www.national.com 8 LM3622 Lithium-Ion Battery Charger Controller Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted SOIC-8 Package 8-Lead Small-Outline Package (M8) For Ordering, Refer to Ordering Information Table NS Package Number M08A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. 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