LP2980-ADJ Micropower SOT, 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Adjustable Voltage Regulator General Description Features The LP2980-ADJ is a 50 mA adjustable voltage regulator designed to provide ultra low dropout in battery powered applications. Using an optimized VIP™ (vertically Integrated PNP) process, the LP2980-ADJ delivers unequalled performance in all specifications critical to battery-powered designs: Adjustable Output: output voltage can be set from 1.23V to 15V. Precision Reference: 0.75% tolerance. Dropout Voltage: typically 120 mV @ 50 mA load, and 7 mV @ 1 mA load. Ground Pin Current: typically 320 µA @ 50 mA load, and 80 µA @ 1 mA load. Sleep Mode: less than 1 µA quiescent current when on/off pin is pulled low. Smallest Possible Size: SOT-23 package uses minimum board space. n n n n n n n n n n n Block Diagram Connection Diagram Ultra low dropout voltage Output adjusts from 1.23V to 15V Guaranteed 50 mA output current Uses tiny SOT-23 package Requires few external components < 1 µA quiescent current when shutdown Low ground pin current at all loads High peak current capability (150 mA typical) Wide supply voltage range (2.5V–16V) Overtemperature/overcurrent protection −40˚C to +125˚C Junction temperature range Applications n Cellular Phone n Palmtop/Laptop Computer n Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera 5-Lead Small Outline Package (M5) DS100001-2 Top View See NS Package Number MA05B For ordering Information, refer to Table 1 in this document DS100001-1 VIP™ is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS100001 www.national.com LP2980-ADJ Micropower SOT, 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Adjustable Voltage Regulator April 2000 LP2980-ADJ Basic Application Circuit DS100001-3 *ON/OFF INPUT MUST BE ACTIVELY TERMINATED. TIE TO VIN IF THIS FUNCTION IS NOT TO BE USED. **MINIMUM CAPACITANCE IS SHOWN TO ENSURE STABILITY OVER FULL LOAD CURRENT RANGE (SEE APPLICATION HINTS). Ordering Information TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information Grade Order Information Package Marking STD LP2980IM5X-ADJ L06B 3k Units on Tape and Reel STD LP2980IM5-ADJ L06B 250 Units on Tape and Reel For fixed output voltage versions, see LP2980 and LP2980LV datasheets. www.national.com 2 Supplied as If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Lead Temp. (Soldering, 5 seconds) ESD Rating (Note 2) Power Dissipation (Note 3) Input Supply Voltage (Survival) −65 to +150˚C −40 to +125˚C Input Supply Voltage (Operating) Shutdown Input Voltage (Survival) Output Voltage (Survival) (Note 4) IOUT (Survival) Input-Output Voltage (Survival) (Note 5) 260˚C 2 kV Internally Limited −0.3V to +16V 2.5V to +16V −0.3V to +16V −0.3V to 16V Short Circuit Protected −0.3V to 16V Electrical Characteristics Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25˚C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = 4.3V, VOUT = 3.3V, IL = 1 mA, CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 2.2 µF, VON/OFF = 2V. Symbol VREF Parameter Conditions Reference Voltage 1 mA < IL < 50 mA VOUT + 1 ≤ VIN ≤ 16V VIN–VO IGND Typ LP2980I-ADJ (Note 6) Min Max 1.225 1.213 1.237 1.225 1.206 1.182 1.243 1.268 Reference Voltage Line Regulation 2.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 16V 3 Dropout Voltage (Note 7) IL = 0 1 3 5 IL = 1 mA 7 10 15 IL = 10 mA 40 60 90 IL = 50 mA 120 150 225 IL = 0 60 95 125 IL = 1 mA 80 110 170 IL = 10 mA 120 220 460 IL = 50 mA 320 600 1200 VON/OFF < 0.18V 0.01 1 Ground Pin Current 6.0 15.0 IADJ ADJ Pin Bias Current 1 mA ≤ IL ≤ 50 mA 150 VON/OFF ON/OFF Input Voltage (Note 8) High = O/P ON 1.4 Low = O/P OFF 0.55 0.18 ON/OFF Input Current VON/OFF = 0 0.01 −1 5 15 ION/OFF VON/OFF = 5V IO(PK) Peak Output Current VOUT ≥ VO(NOM) − 5% 150 en Output Noise Voltage (RMS) BW = 300 Hz to 50 kHz, COUT = 10 µF 160 Ripple Rejection f = 1 kHz COUT = 10 µF 68 RL = 0 (Steady State) (Note 9) 150 IO(MAX) Short Circuit Current 350 1.6 100 Units V mV mV µA nA V µA mA µV dB 3 mA www.national.com LP2980-ADJ Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) LP2980-ADJ Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. Note 2: The ESD rating of pins 3 and 4 is 1 kV. Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJ-A, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: The value of θJ-A for the SOT-23 package is 300˚C/W. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP2980-ADJ output must be diode-clamped to ground. Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the VIN and VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Reversing the polarity from VIN to VOUT will turn on this diode (see Application Hints). Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25˚C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National’s Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential. Note 8: The ON/OFF input must be properly driven to prevent possible misoperation. For details, refer to Application Hints. Note 9: See Typical Performance Characteristics curves. Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN, RADJ = 86.6k, and test circuit is as shown in Basic Application Circuit. Dropout Characteristics Output Voltage vs. Temperature DS100001-5 Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature DS100001-6 Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current DS100001-7 www.national.com DS100001-8 4 Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN, RADJ = 86.6k, and test circuit is as shown in Basic Application Circuit. (Continued) Ground Pin Current vs. Temperature Ground Pin Current vs. Load Current DS100001-9 Input Current vs. VIN DS100001-10 Load Transient Response DS100001-12 DS100001-11 Line Transient Response Short Circuit Current DS100001-13 DS100001-14 5 www.national.com LP2980-ADJ Typical Performance Characteristics LP2980-ADJ Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN, RADJ = 86.6k, and test circuit is as shown in Basic Application Circuit. (Continued) Short Circuit Current Load Regulation DS100001-15 ADJ Pin Bias Current vs. Load Current DS100001-16 ADJ Pin Bias Current vs. Temperature DS100001-18 DS100001-17 ON/OFF Threshold vs.Temperature Output Noise Density DS100001-19 www.national.com DS100001-20 6 Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN, RADJ = 86.6k, and test circuit is as shown in Basic Application Circuit. (Continued) Ripple Rejection DS100001-21 Application Hints EXTERNAL CAPACITORS Like any low-dropout regulator, the external capacitors must be selected carefully to assure regulator loop stability. INPUT CAPACITOR: An input capacitor whose value is ≥1 µF is required (the amount of capacitance may be increased without limit). Any good quality Tantalum or Ceramic capacitor may be used here. The capacitor must be located not more than 0.5" from the input pin and returned to a clean analog ground. OUTPUT CAPACITOR: The output capacitor must meet both the requirement for minimum amount of capacitance and E.S.R. (Equivalent Series Resistance) for stable operation. Curves are provided below which show the allowable ESR of the output capacitor as a function of load current for both 2.2 µF and 4.7 µF. A solid Tantalum capacitor is the best choice for the output. DS100001-23 4.7 µF ESR Curves IMPORTANT: The output capacitor must maintain its ESR in the stable region over the full operating temperature range to assure stability. Also, capacitor tolerance and variation with temperature must be considered to assure the minimum amount of capacitance is provided at all times. Note that this capacitor must be located not more than 0.5” from the output pin and returned to a clean analog ground. FEED-FORWARD CAPACITOR: A 7 pF feed-forward capacitor is required (see Basic Application Circuit). The function of this capacitor is to provide the lead compensation necessary for loop stability. A temperature-stable ceramic capacitor (type NPO or COG) should be used here. CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS TANTALUM: The best capacitor choice for the LP2980-ADJ output is solid Tantalum. The ESR of a good quality Tantalum is almost perfectly centered in the middle of the “stable” range of the ESR curve (about 0.5Ω–1Ω). The temperature stability of Tantalums is typically very good, with a total variation of only about 2:1 over the temperature range of −40˚C to +125˚C (ESR increases at colder temperatures). DS100001-22 2.2 µF ESR Curves 7 www.national.com LP2980-ADJ Typical Performance Characteristics LP2980-ADJ Application Hints REVERSE CURRENT PATH (Continued) The power transistor used in the LP2980-ADJ has an inherent diode connected between the input and output pin (see below). Off-brand capacitors should be avoided, as some poor quality Tantalums are seen with ESR’s > 10Ω, and this usually causes oscillation problems. One caution about Tantalums if they are used on the input: the ESR of a Tantalum is low enough that it can be destroyed by surge current if powered up from a low impedance source (like a battery) that has no limit on inrush current. In these cases, use a ceramic input capacitor which does not have this problem. CERAMIC: Ceramics are generally larger and more costly than Tantalums for a given amount of capacitance. Also, they have a very low ESR which is quite stable with temperature. Be warned that the ESR of a ceramic capacitor is typically low enough to make an LDO oscillate: a 2.2 µF ceramic demonstrated an ESR of about 15 mΩ when tested. If used as an output capacitor, this will cause instability (see ESR Curves). If a ceramic is used on the output of an LDO, a small resistance (about 1Ω) should be placed in series with the capacitor. If it is used as an input capacitor, no resistor is needed as there is no requirement for ESR on capacitors used on the input. DS100001-24 If the output is forced above the input by more than a VBE, this diode will become forward biased and current will flow into the output pin and out the input pin. This current must be limited to < 100 mA to prevent damage to the part. The internal diode can also be turned on if the input voltage is abruptly stepped down to a voltage which is a VBE below the output voltage. To prevent mis-operation, an external Schottky diode (see below) must be used in applications where the internal diode may be turned on. Since the external Schottky diode turns on at a lower voltage than the internal diode, the Schottky conducts all of the current and prevents the internal diode from becoming forward biased. EXTERNAL RESISTORS The output voltage is set using two external resistors (see Basic Application Circuit). It is recommended that the resistor from the ADJ pin to ground be 51.1k. The other resistor (RADJ) which connects between VOUT and the ADJ pin is selected to set VOUT as given by the formula: VOUT = 1.23 + 1.23 (RADJ/51.1k) DS100001-25 ON/OFF INPUT OPERATION The LP2980-ADJ is shut off by driving the ON/OFF input low, and turned on by pulling the ON/OFF input high. If this feature is not to be used, the ON/OFF input must be tied to VIN to keep the regulator output on at all times (the ON/OFF input must not be left floating). To ensure proper operation, the signal source used to drive the ON/OFF input must be able to swing above and below the specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds which guarantee an ON or OFF state (see Electrical Characteristics). It is also important that the turn-on (and turn-off) voltage signals applied to the ON/OFF input have a slew rate which is greater than 40 mV/µs. IMPORTANT: The shutdown function will not operate correctly if a slow-moving signal is used to drive the S/D input. www.national.com 8 inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 5-Lead Small Outline Package (M5) NS Package Number MA05B LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 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LP2980-ADJ Micropower SOT, 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Adjustable Voltage Regulator Physical Dimensions