TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 D D D D D D D D D PT PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) ON SPKR_EN CL VL NC SPKR_IN SPKR_OUT– NC VCC SPKR_OUT+ VB CB D Complete Power-Supply/Audio System For Cellular Handsets Three Low-Dropout Regulators (LDOs) with 100-mV Dropout Speaker and Ringer Power Amplifiers Drive 32-Ω Dynamic Speakers or Piezo Devices Low-Noise Microphone Amplifier Depop Protection For All Amplifiers Less Than 1 µA Supply Current in Shutdown, Typical 250-ms Microprocessor Reset Output 10-mA Charge-Pump Driver Configurable For Inverted or Doubled Output Separate Enables for LDOs, Amplifiers, and Charge Pump 1.185-V Reference Capable of Driving 2 mA 48-Pin TQFP Package 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 GND VCC PL RNGR_OUT+ RNGR_OUT– RNGR_IN RNGR_EN RESET NC AREF VCP GND_CP 1 36 2 35 3 34 4 33 5 32 6 31 7 30 8 29 9 28 10 27 11 26 12 25 GND EN_B PB OFF ON VCC NC EN PA MIC_EN EN_A GND 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 CP EN_CP GND ON_REM NC MIC_OUT MIC_IN– NC MIC_IN+ REF VA CA D description NC – No internal connection The TPS9104 incorporates a complete power supply and audio power system for a cellular subscriber terminal that uses battery packs with three or four NiMH/NiCd cells or a single lithium-ion cell. The device includes three low-dropout linear regulators rated for 3.3 V or 3 V at 100 mA each, a charge-pump driver, two power amplifiers for a speaker and a ringer, a low-noise microphone amplifier, and logic that includes a 250-ms reset, on/off control, and processor interface. Regulators A and B and the charge-pump driver are disabled until regulator L (logic regulator) reaches the rated voltage and RESET is logic high. Regulators A and B, the charge-pump driver, and the amplifiers have separate enables allowing circuitry to be powered up or down as necessary to conserve battery power. Each of the amplifiers has a depop circuit to prevent objectionable noise when the IC is powered up or when the amplifiers are enabled. Both the speaker amplifier and the ringer amplifier are designed to supply 2 V peak-to-peak into 32 Ω or into a 90-nF piezoelectric speaker. The microphone amplifier is a low-noise high-gain (AV=100) circuit capable of supplying 3 V peak-to-peak into a 10-kΩ load. The TPS9104 operates over a free-air temperature range of –40°C to 85°C and is supplied in a 48-pin TQFP package. AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICE TA – 40°C to 85°C THIN QFP (PT) TPS9104IPT CHIP FORM (Y) TPS9104Y The PT package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to the device type when ordering (e.g. TPS9104IPTR). Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Copyright 1998, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 functional block diagram VCP Charge Pump Driver 3 VCC CP GND_CP EN_CP EN Voltage Reference REF VB LDO Regulator B UVLO† and OTP‡ 1Ω PB VA LDO Regulator A 1Ω EN_A CA PA VL LDO Regulator L EN_B CB 1Ω CL PL Reset Generator RESET OFF ON ON ON_REM SPKR_IN SPKR_OUT+ _ SPKR_OUT– + SPKR_EN GND AREF 4 RNGR_OUT+ RNGR_OUT– RNGR_IN MIC_IN+ + _ + _ MIC_IN– RNGR_EN MIC_OUT MIC_EN † UVLO - Undervoltage lockout ‡ OTP - Overtemperature protection 2 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TPS9104Y chip information These chips, when properly assembled, display characteristics similar to the TPS9104. Thermal compression or ultrasonic bonding may be used on the doped aluminum bonding pads. The chips may be mounted with conductive epoxy or a gold-silicon preform. BONDING PAD ASSIGNMENTS 36 35 34 33 32 31 29 28 27 26 25 37 24 38 23 39 22 CHIP THICKNESS: 15 TYPICAL BONDING PADS: 3.3 × 3.3 MINIMUM TJ max = 150°C TOLERANCES ARE ± 10%. 21 40 138 42 19 43 18 ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILS. 16 45 15 46 14 47 13 48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 138 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION GND 1, 15, 25, 36 Ground. GND terminals should be externally connected to ground to ensure proper functionality. VCC 2, 31, 40 Supply voltage input. VCC terminals are not connected internally and must be externally connected to ensure proper functionality. PL 3 I Program L. PL provides voltage programming input for regulator L. RNGR_OUT+ 4 O Ringer amplifier noninverting output RNGR_OUT– 5 O Ringer amplifier inverting output RNGR_IN 6 I Ringer amplifier input RNGR_EN 7 I Ringer amplifier enable input; logic low enables the amplifier RESET 8 O Microprocessor reset output NC 9, 17, 20, 30 41, 44 No connection AREF 10 Analog reference. A 0.1-µF capacitor must be connected from AREF to ground. No other connections are allowed. VCP 11 Charge pump driver supply voltage GND_CP 12 CP 13 O Charge pump driver output EN_CP 14 I Charge pump driver enable input. Logic low on EN_CP turns on the charge pump. ON_REM 16 I Remote on; logic high enables the part. MIC_OUT 18 O Microphone amplifier output MIC_IN– 19 I Microphone amplifier inverting input MIC_IN+ 21 I Microphone amplifier noninverting input REF 22 O 1.185-V reference output. Decouple with 0.01-µF to 0.1-µF capacitor to ground. VA 23 O Regulator A output voltage CA 24 EN_A 26 I Regulator A enable input; logic low turns on the regulator. MIC_EN 27 I Microphone amplifier enable input; logic low turns on the microphone amplifier. PA 28 I Program A. PA provides programming input for Regulator A. EN 29 I/O Enable signal input/output; logic low enables the part. ON 32 O On-signal output OFF 33 I Off signal PB 34 I Program B. PB provides programming input for Regulator B. EN_B 35 I Regulator B enable input; logic low turns on the regulator. CB 37 VB 38 O Regulator B output voltage SPKR_OUT+ 39 O Speaker amplifier noninverting output SPKR_OUT– 42 O Speaker amplifier inverting output SPKR_IN 43 I Speaker amplifier input VL 45 O Regulator L output voltage CL 46 SPKR_EN 47 I Speaker amplifier enable input; logic low enables the amplifier. ON 48 I On signal; logic low enables the part. 4 Charge pump driver ground Regulator A filter capacitor connection Regulator B filter capacitor connection Regulator L filter capacitor connection POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 detailed description voltage reference The regulators and reset generator utilize an internal 1.185-V band-gap voltage reference. The reference is also buffered and brought out on REF for external use; REF can source a maximum of 2 mA. A 0.01-µF to 0.1-µF capacitor must be connected between REF and ground. LDO regulators The TPS 9104 includes three low-dropout regulators, implemented with 1-Ω PMOS series-pass transistors, with quiescent supply currents of 100 µA. Each of the regulators can supply up to 100 mA of continuous output current. The 1-Ω PMOS series-pass transistor achieves the dropout voltage of just 100 mV at the maximum rated output current. Each regulator output voltage can be independently programmed to either 3.3 V or 3 V using its programming control input PL, PA or PB (Px). A logic low on Px sets the output voltage of the regulator to 3.3 V; a logic high sets it to 3 V. Each LDO contains a current limit circuit. When the current demand on the regulator exceeds the current limit, the output voltage drops in proportion to the excess current. When the excess load current is removed, the output voltage returns to regulation. Exceeding the current limit on VL can disable the TPS9104. If enough current demand is placed on VL, the output voltage drops below the reset threshold voltage causing RESET to go low, effectively unlatching the enable. VL is intended to be the primary supply voltage for the microprocessor and other system logic functions. VA and VB can be used to power low-noise analog circuits and/or implement system power management. The enable terminals EN_A and EN_B are utilized to power down circuitry when it is not required. EN_A and EN_B are TTL-compatible inputs with 10-µA active current-source pullups. A logic low enables the respective regulator while a logic high pulls the regulator output voltage to ground and reduces the regulator quiescent current to leakage levels. Both EN_A and EN_B are not active until RESET is logic high. Stability of the LDOs is ensured by the addition of compensation terminals CL, CA, and CB, which connect to the output of the regulator through an internal 1-Ω resistor. This compensation scheme allows for capacitors with equivalent series resistance (ESR) of up to 15 Ω, eliminating the need for expensive, low-ESR capacitors. reset generator RESET is a microprocessor reset signal that goes to logic low at power-up, or whenever VL drops below 2.93 V (2.6 V for 3-V applications), and remains in that state for 250 ms after VL exceeds the RESET threshold (see Figure 5). The open-drain output has a 30-µA pullup that eliminates the need for an external pullup resistor and still allows it to be connected with other open-drain or open-collector signals. RESET is valid for supply voltages as low as 1.5 V. ON, OFF, ON, ON_REM and EN functions The ON input is intended to be the main enable for the TPS9104 and should be connected to ground through a push-button switch. Once the switch is pressed, internal logic pulls EN low. The EN terminal is designed to sink 3.2 mA and can be used as a pulldown to enable other functions on the TPS9104 or other system circuitry. When EN is pulled low, the TPS9104 checks to make sure the supply voltage is above the UVLO threshold voltage and the die temperature is below 160°C. If both of these conditions are met, the reference circuitry, regulator L, reset generator, and other support circuitry are enabled. When RESET goes high, the system can respond with a logic high on OFF, which latches the TPS9104 on, and the ON push button can then be released. The TPS9104 is disabled in a similar manner. If the ON push button is pressed while the TPS9104 is enabled, the ON signal responds with a logic high. Once this logic high is detected, the system can respond with a logic low on OFF, disabling the TPS9104 and reducing supply currents to 1 µA (see Figure 1). POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 The ON_REM signal can be used in the same manner as ON in enabling or disabling the TPS9104. The signal is provided as a system interface to increase the flexibility of the system. EN can also be used as an input wired-OR open collector/drain to enable the TPS9104; however, it does not produce a logic signal ON and therefore cannot be used in the disable sequence described above. It is not recommended that EN be used as the primary enable signal for the TPS9104. Enable Sequence ON Disable Sequence ON Must Be Held Low Until System Responds With A High Signal At OFF. ON Is Pressed To Turn Off The System (Phone). ON EN VL Once EN Goes Low, The Status Of The UVLO And The OTP Are Checked. If The UVLO And OTP Are Valid, VL And Other Functions Are Enabled. 250 ms RESET 250 ms After VL Rises Above The Reset Threshold Voltage, RESET Goes High. OFF The System Can Now Respond With A High Signal At OFF. Once OFF And RESET Are High, The Enable Input Is Latched On. System Detects The High Signal At ON And Responds With a Low Signal At OFF. VA VB EN_A And EN_B Are both Active And Low. Figure 1. Recommended Enable and Disable Sequence speaker/ringer power amplifiers The TPS9104 includes two differential-output power amplifiers capable of driving dynamic or piezoelectric speakers. Both amplifiers have enable inputs to reduce supply current to leakage levels when the amplifiers are not in use. Depopping circuitry prevents objectionable noise when the enable inputs are cycled on or off. Each amplifier requires only two gain-setting resistors and a capacitor for dc blocking (see Figure 46). RNGR_EN and SPKR_EN inputs are disabled when RESET is asserted. Both the SPKR_EN and the RNGR_EN have internal 10-µA pullups. microphone amplifier This is a high-gain amplifier capable of driving a 10-kΩ load at 3 V peak-to-peak output. MIC_EN input is disabled when RESET is asserted. The microphone amplifier has an enable input that reduces supply current to leakage levels when disabled. Added depopping circuitry prevents objectionable noise when the enable input 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 is cycled on or off. The microphone amplifier needs only two resistors to set the gain, and one capacitor for dc blocking (see Figure 47). Regulator A is the analog supply for the microphone amplifier, and EN_A must be asserted for correct operation. undervoltage lockout Undervoltage lockout (UVLO) prevents operation of the functions in the TPS9104 until the supply voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, eliminating abnormal power-up conditions internally and externally, and providing an orderly turn-on. overtemperature shutdown If the die temperature exceeds 160°C, the thermal protection circuit shuts off the TPS9104. When the die temperature drops below 150°C, the device can be restarted with the ON input. charge pump driver An unregulated inverting or doubler charge pump is implemented (see Figure 44) by connecting a network of two capacitors and two diodes to CP. In the inverting configuration, the charge pump can power an LCD or provide gate bias for a GaAs power amplifier. A 5-V supply for flash-memory programming or powering the subscriber identity module (SIM) European applications can be achieved using the doubler configuration and an external LDO. A logic-low input to the charge-pump enable, EN_CP, turns on the oscillator and driver; a logic high turns them off. EN_CP input is disabled when RESET is asserted. The EN_CP has a 10-µA internal pullup. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE 1 – Free-Air Temperature PACKAGE TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA = 25°C TA = 70°C POWER RATING TA = 85°C POWER RATING PT 1350 mW 10.8 mW/°C 864 mW 702 mW PACKAGE TC ≤ 25°C POWER RATING DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TC = 25°C PT 6579 mW 52.6 mW/°C DISSIPATION RATING TABLE 2 – Case Temperature POST OFFICE BOX 655303 TC = 70°C POWER RATING 4212 mW • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TC= 85°C POWER RATING 3423 mW 7 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER DISSIPATION vs CASE TEMPERATURE PD – Maximum Continuous Power Dissipation – mW PD – Maximum Continuous Power Dissipation – mW MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER DISSIPATION vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 1400 1200 1000 800 RθJA = 93°C/W 600 400 200 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 7000 6000 5000 4000 RθJC = 19°C/W 3000 2000 1000 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TA – Case Temperature – °C TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 2 Figure 3 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)†‡ Supply voltage range, VCC, VCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.3 V to 12 V Input voltage range at OFF, MIC_EN, SPKR_EN, RNGR_EN, SPKR_IN, RNGR_IN, MIC_IN+, MIC_IN– . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.3 V to 7 V Input voltage range at PL, PA, PB, EN, EN_A, EN_B, ON, ON_REM, EN_CP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.3 V to VCC Continuous total power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See dissipation rating table Peak output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internally limited Output current range at SPKR_OUT+, SPKR_OUT–, RNGR_OUT+, RNGR_OUT– . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 100 mA to 100 mA Power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See dissipation rating table Operating free-air temperature range, TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 40°C to 85°C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ‡ All voltages are with respect to GND. 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 recommended operating conditions MIN NOM MAX UNIT Supply voltage, VCC, VCP 3 10 V Input voltage, OFF, MIC_EN, SPKR_EN, RNGR_EN 0 5 V Input voltage at PL, PA, PB, EN, EN_A, EN_B, ON, ON_REM, EN_CP 0 Reference output current 0 VCC 2 mA 0 100 mA –40 85 °C Continuous regulator output current Operating free-air temperature V electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = VCP = 4 V, Px = 0 V, IO(Vx) = 35 mA, OFF = VL, ON open, ON_REM = 0 V, Cx = 10 µF (unless otherwise noted) voltage reference (REF) PARAMETER Output voltage TEST CONDITIONS† TA = 25°C, 4 V ≤ VCC ≤ 10 V, IO = 0 0 ≤ IO≤ 2 mA MIN TYP MAX 1.185 1.161 UNIT V 1.209 V LDO regulators PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS† TA = 25°C 0 ≤ IO(Vx) ≤ 100 mA, Output voltage at VA, VB, VL (Vx) Dropout voltage Load regulation Line regulation Ripple rejection Px = VCC, Px = VCC, 3.2 V ≤ VCC ≤ 10 V 3.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 10 V TA = 25°C 0 ≤ IO(Vx) ≤ 100 mA, MIN TYP MAX UNIT 3.25 3.3 3.35 V 3.4 V 3.05 V 3.10 V 200 mV 3.2 2.95 2.9 IO(Vx) = 100 mA, VCC = 3.2 V IO(Vx) = 0 mA to 100 mA IO(Vx) = 100 mA, f = 120 Hz 3 100 VCC = 3.5 V to 10 V Quiescent current (each regulator) 30 mV 10 mV 60 dB 100 µA charge pump driver PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Frequency Duty cycle MIN TYP MAX UNIT 50 100 150 kHz 50% Output resistance 15 30 Ω † Pulse-testing techniques are used to maintain virtual junction temperature as close as possible to ambient temperature; thermal effect must be taken into account separately. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = VCP = 4 V, Px = 0 V, IO(Vx) = 35 mA, OFF = VL, ON open, ON_REM = 0 V, Cx = 10 µF (unless otherwise noted) (continued) speaker amplifier/ringer amplifier TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Output voltage swing Single-ended, Output offset voltage Av = 1 V/V VI(PP) = 1 V, Av = 1 V/V, Total harmonic distortion (THD) Gain bandwidth product (GBW) RL = 32 Ω TYP 1.6 2 f = 1 kHz, RL = 32 Ω Av = 10 V/V 100 Hz ≤ BW ≤ 100 kHz Input noise MIN 4 Quiescent current (each amplifier) MAX V 15 30 0.5% 1% mV 20 kHz 200 µVrms 2 Reference voltage, voltage AREF UNIT PL = VCC 1.221 PL = 0 V 1.345 mA V microphone amplifier TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Common mode input voltage range Input bias current Both inputs = VA/2 Output voltage swing 10 kΩ load, Output offset voltage Av = 1 V/V f = 1 kHz, AV = 100 V/V, Output voltage swing = 1 V, VO(PP) Total harmonic distortion (THD) Power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR) Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) Gain bandwidth product (GBW) Input noise VA = 3.3 V MIN TYP MAX 1 VA –1 V –1 1 µA 6 mV 2.7 3 0.5% Av = 100 V/V Av = 100 V/V V 1% 100 dB 80 Av = 100 V/V 100 Hz ≤ BW ≤ 100 kHz UNIT dB 4 Quiescent current kHz 10 µVrms 180 µA RESET TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Input threshold voltage VL voltage decreasing Input threshold voltage VL voltage decreasing, Timeout delay at RESET See Figure 5 Low-level output voltage High-level output current IO = 1 mA, VO = 2.4 V Low-level output current VO = 0.4 V PL = VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2.871 2.93 2.989 V 2.548 2.6 2.652 125 250 375 VCC = 1.5 V –40 Hysteresis V ms 0.4 V –20 µA 3.2 mA 40 mV logic inputs at EN_A, EN_B, SPKR_EN, RNGR_EN, MIC_EN, EN_CP PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS High-level input voltage MIN TYP MAX 2 Low-level input voltage UNIT V 0.8 V Input current –20 –10 1 µA † Pulse-testing techniques are used to maintain virtual junction temperature as close as possible to ambient temperature; thermal effect must be taken into account separately. 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = VCP = 4 V, Px = 0 V, IO(Vx) = 35 mA, OFF = VL, ON open, ON_REM = 0 V, Cx = 10 µF (unless otherwise noted) (continued) logic inputs at PL, PA, PB, OFF, ON_REM PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS High-level input voltage MIN TYP MAX 2 V Low-level input voltage Input current UNIT –1 0.8 V 1 µA logic inputs at ON† PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS High-level input voltage MIN TYP MAX 2 V Low-level input voltage Input current UNIT –20 0.8 V 1 µA logic inputs at EN† PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS High-level input voltage MIN TYP 2.4 Sink current VO = 2.4 V VO = 0.4 V OFF = 0 –50 UNIT V Low-level input voltage Source current MAX –30 0.8 V 1 µA 3.2 mA logic outputs at ON PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS High-level output voltage 1-mA source current Low-level output voltage 1-mA sink current MIN TYP MAX 2.4 UNIT V 0.4 V overtemperature shutdown PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Temperature threshold 160 °C Temperature hysteresis 10 °C undervoltage lockout (UVLO) PARAMETER Threshold TEST CONDITIONS VCC increasing MIN TYP 1.80 Hysteresis MAX UNIT 2.52 V 50 mV supply current PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Shutdown OFF = 0 V Operating EN_CP = VCP, RNGR_EN = VL, SPKR_EN = VL, MIC_EN = VL MIN TYP MAX 0.5 10 UNIT µA 0.7 1 mA † High and low level voltages are dependent on VCC. See graphs. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TPS9104Y electrical characteristics, TJ = 25°C, VCC = VCP = 4 V, Px = 0 V, IO(Vx) = 35 mA, OFF = VL, ON open, ON_REM = 0 V, Cx = 10 µF (unless otherwise noted) voltage reference (REF) TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Output voltage MIN IO = 0 TYP MAX 1.185 UNIT V LDO Regulators TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Output voltage at VA, VB, VL (Vx) Dropout voltage Load regulation Line regulation Ripple rejection Px = VCC IO(Vx) = 100 mA, MIN TYP MAX 2.95 3 3.05 VCC = 3.2 V IO(Vx) = 0 mA to 100 mA IO(Vx) = 100 mA, VCC = 3.5 V to 10 V f = 120 Hz Quiescent current (each regulator) UNIT V 100 mV 30 mV 10 mV 60 dB 100 µA charge pump driver PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP Frequency 100 Duty cycle 50% Output resistance MAX UNIT kHz Ω 15 speaker amplifier/ringer amplifier TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Output voltage swing Single-ended, Output offset voltage Av = 1 V/V VI(PP) = 1 V, Av = 1 V/V, Total harmonic distortion (THD) Gain bandwidth product (GBW) Input noise MIN RL = 32 Ω f = 1 kHz, RL = 32 Ω MAX UNIT 2 V 15 mV 0.5% Av = 10 V/V 100 Hz ≤ BW ≤ 100 kHz Quiescent current (each amplifier) Reference AREF Reference, TYP 20 kHz 200 µVrms 2 PL = VCC 1.221 PL = 0 V 1.345 mA V microphone amplifier TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Common mode input range MIN TYP 1 Output voltage swing 10 kΩ load, Output offset voltage Av = 1 V/V VA = 3.3 V 2.7 MAX UNIT VA –1 V 3 V 6 mV RESET TEST CONDITIONS† PARAMETER Threshold voltage VL voltage decreasing Threshold voltage VL voltage decreasing, Delay See Figure 5 MIN TYP 2.93 PL = VCC MAX UNIT V 2.6 V 250 ms Hysteresis 40 mV † Pulse-testing techniques are used to maintain virtual junction temperature as close as possible to ambient temperature; thermal effect must be taken into account separately. 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC 40 22 REF 0.1 µF 2 31 11 13 Voltage Reference Charge Pump Driver 12 38 REF 37 Regulator B + 14 34 23 35 24 Regulator A 26 VL ON 8 33 48 ON_REM 32 16 43 VL 10 µF + 3 Reset Generator 29 28 + 45 46 Regulator L EN 10 µF _ 42 + 39 10 10 µF RESET OFF ON LOAD 47 0.1 µF 4 + _ 6 LOAD 5 7 21 VI(test) 0.1 µF + _ 19 18 LOAD 27 36 1 25 15 Figure 4. Test Circuit POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VL VIT+ t RESET RESET Timeout Delay t 5 4 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C IO = 0 mA Cx = 10 µF 3 Enable 2 1 0 4 3 2 VO 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 VO – Output Voltage – V Enable Input Voltage – V Figure 5. RESET Timing Diagram 20 t – Time – ms Figure 6. LDO Regulator Output Voltage Rise Time and Fall Time 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 125 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C Cx = 10 µF 100 75 50 25 0 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 0 0.5 1 1.5 VO – Output Voltage – V I O – LDO Regulator Output Current – mA PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION 2 t – Time – ms 4.4 4.2 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 Px = 0 V TA = 25°C IO = 10 mA Cx = 10 µF 0 0.3 0.8 0.5 3.2 VO – Output Voltage – V VCC – Supply Voltage – V Figure 7. LDO Regulator Load Transient, 1 mA to 100 mA Pulsed Load 3.1 1 t – Time – ms Figure 8. LDO Regulator Line Transient POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 VI – Input Voltage, MIC_EN – V PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION 5 VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C Px = 0 V 4 3 ÁÁ ÁÁ 1 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 10 20 30 t – Time – µs 40 50 VO – Output Voltage, MIC_OUT – V 2 ÁÁ 5 VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C Px = 0 V 4 3 2 1 0 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 10 20 30 t – Time – µs 40 50 Figure 10. Speaker Enable Output Response 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 VO – Output Voltage, SPKR_OUT+ – V VI – Input Voltage, SPKR_EN – V Figure 9. Microphone Enable Output Response TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 5 VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C Px = 0 V 4 3 2 1 0 ÁÁ 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 10 40 20 30 t – Time – µs 50 VO – Output Voltage, RNGR_OUT+ – V VI – Input Voltage, RNGR_EN – V PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Figure 11. Ringer Enable Output Response 4 VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C Px = 0 V VO – Output Voltage, MIC_OUT – V VO – Output Voltage, MIC_OUT – V 4 3 2 1 VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C Px = 0 V 3 2 1 0 0 0 10 20 30 t – Time – µs 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 t – Time – µs Figure 12. Microphone Slew Rate, Rising POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Figure 13. Microphone Slew Rate, Falling • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 17 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURE ICC Quiescent current Dropout voltage 14 vs Output current 15 vs Junction temperature 16 ∆VO VO Change in output voltage vs Junction temperature 17 Output voltage, VL vs Supply voltage 18 ∆VO ∆VO Change in output voltage vs Supply voltage 19 Change in output voltage vs Output current 20 ICC Shutdown current vs Supply voltage 21 Threshold, ON vs Supply voltage 22 Threshold, EN vs Supply voltage 23 Threshold, ON_REM vs Supply voltage 24 Ripple rejection vs Frequency 25 Output spectral noise density vs Frequency 26 Change in frequency, CP vs Junction temperature 27 rO Output resistance into CP vs Supply voltage 28 rO Output resistance out of CP vs Supply voltage 29 VOM Maximum peak output voltage vs Load resistance 30 vs Frequency 31 vs Load resistance 32 THD Total harmonic distortion kSVR Power supply rejection ratio vs Frequency 33 Vn VO Output noise voltage vs Frequency 34 Output voltage vs Junction temperature 35 VOM Maximum peak output voltage vs Load 36 vs Frequency 37 THD Total harmonic distortion vs Load resistance 38 kSVR Power supply rejection ratio vs Frequency 39 Closed-loop gain and phase shift vs Frequency 40 Output noise voltage vs Frequency 41 Phase margin vs Load capacitance 42 Vn Φm 18 vs Supply voltage POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS LDO REGULATORS QUIESENT CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 160 1 Px = 0 IO = 0 TA = 25°C 140 120 Dropout Voltage – mV I CC – Quiesent Current – mA 0.9 0.8 85°C 0.7 25°C –40°C 100 Px = VCC 80 60 Px = 0 40 0.6 20 0.5 3 4 7 8 5 6 VCC – Supply Voltage – V 9 0 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 IO – Output Current – mA Figure 14 LDO REGULATORS LDO REGULATORS DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 10 IO = 100 mA Px = 0 ∆VO – Change in Output Voltage – mV Dropout Voltage – mV 110 100 90 80 70 –25 0 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 8 120 60 –50 100 Figure 15 140 130 90 25 50 75 100 125 6 IO = 0 mA 4 2 0 –2 –4 IO = 100 mA –6 –8 –10 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ – Temperature – °C TJ – Temperature – °C Figure 17 Figure 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 19 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS REGULATOR L LDO REGULATORS OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 4 3.5 VO – Output Voltage, VL – V 3 ∆VO – Change in Output Voltage – mV Px = 0 TA = 25°C EN = 0 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Px = 0 or Px = VCC TA = 25°C IO = 35 mA 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 0 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 VCC – Supply Voltage – V VCC – Supply Voltage – V 9 10 Figure 19 Figure 18 LDO REGULATORS SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 4 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 or Px = VCC TA = 25°C 15 OFF = 0 3.5 I CC – Shutdown Current – µ A ∆VO – Change in Output Voltage – mV 20 10 5 0 –5 –10 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 –15 0.5 –20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA = 40°C 2 3 4 5 6 Figure 21 Figure 20 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 7 8 VCC – Supply Voltage – V IO – Output Current – mA 20 TA = 25°C TA = 85°C • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 10 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE, EN vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE, ON vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 4.9 OFF = 0 V EN = Open ON_REM = 0 V –40°C V IT – Input Threshold Voltage, EN – V V IT – Input Threshold Voltage, ON – V 1.8 1.6 25°C 1.4 85°C 1.2 1 OFF = 0 V ON = Open ON_REM = 0 V 4.4 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.4 0.8 8 4 6 VCC – Supply Voltage – V 2 2 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VCC – Supply Voltage – V Figure 23 Figure 22 LDO REGULATORS INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE, ON_REM vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE RIPPLE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY 80 EN = Open ON = Open OFF = 0 V 3.5 Ripple Rejection – dB V IT – Input Threshold Voltage, ON_REM – V 4 3 2.5 2 60 40 VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C Cx = 10 µF IO = 35 mA 1.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 0.01 VCC – Supply Voltage – V 0.1 1 10 100 1000 f – Frequency – kHz Figure 25 Figure 24 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 21 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS REGULATOR L CHANGE IN FREQUENCY, CP vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE OUTPUT SPECTRAL NOISE DENSITY vs FREQUENCY 4 100 ∆f – Change in Frequency, CP – kHz Hz Output Spectral Noise Density – µV / VCP = 4 V VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C IO = 35 mA 10 1 1 10 100 1000 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 –50 10000 –25 0 25 75 100 125 Figure 27 Figure 26 OUTPUT RESISTANCE, CP vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE OUTPUT RESISTANCE, CP vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 30 30 Current Into CP Current Out of CP 25 ro – Output Resistance, CP – Ω 25 ro – Output Resistance, CP – Ω 50 TJ – Temperature – °C f – Frequency – Hz 20 85°C 15 25°C 10 –40°C 5 20 15 85°C 10 25°C 5 –40°C 0 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VCC(VCP) – Supply Voltage – V 10 3 4 Figure 29 Figure 28 22 8 9 5 6 7 VCC(VCP) – Supply Voltage – V POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 10 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS SPEAKER AND RINGER AMPLIFIERS SPEAKER AND RINGER AMPLIFIERS MAXIMUM PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOAD RESISTANCE TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY 3 ÁÁ ÁÁ Px = 0 V VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C f = 1 kHz Av = 1 V/V 2.8 2.6 2.4 THD – Total Harmonic Distortion – % VOM – Maximum Peak Output Voltage – V 3 2.2 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 2 Px = 0 V VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C VO(PP) = 1 V RL = 32 Ω Av = 1 V/V 1 1.2 0 0.1 1 10 100 RL – Load Resistance – Ω 1000 1 Figure 31 Figure 30 SPEAKER AND RINGER AMPLIFIERS SPEAKER AND RINGER AMPLIFIERS TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs LOAD RESISTANCE POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY 0.6 100 Px = 0 V VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C f = 1 kHz VO(PP) = 1 V Av = 1 V/V 0.5 0.4 k SVR – Power Supply Rejection Ratio – dB THD – Total Harmonic Distortion – % 10 f – Frequency – kHz 0.3 0.2 ÁÁ ÁÁ 0.1 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 RL – Load Resistance – Ω 3000 Px = 0 V VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C 80 60 40 20 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 f – Frequency – kHz Figure 33 Figure 32 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 23 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS SPEAKER AND RINGER AMPLIFIERS SPEAKER AND RINGER AMPLIFIERS OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 2.2 200 Px = 0 V VCC = 4 V 2.1 150 VO– Output Voltage – V V n – Output Noise Voltage – nV Px = 0 V VCC = 4 V TA = 25°C 100 2 1.9 1.8 50 1.7 0 0.1 1.6 –55 10 1 –25 0 25 50 75 TJ – Temperature – °C f – Frequency – kHz MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY MAXIMUM PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOAD RESISTANCE 0.24 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C f = 1 kHz Av = 100 V/V THD – Total Harmonic Distortion – % VOM – Maximum Peak Output Voltage – V 3.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 100 1k 10 k RL – Load Resistance – Ω 100 k 0.22 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 1 f – Frequency – kHz Figure 37 Figure 36 24 125 Figure 35 Figure 34 3 100 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 10 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY 100 0.35 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C k SVR– Power Supply Rejection Ratio – dB THD – Total Harmonic Distortion – % MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs LOAD RESISTANCE 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 80 60 40 20 0.01 0.1 0 10 40 20 30 RL – Load Resistance – kΩ 50 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C 60 0.1 1 MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY 225° 20 180° 135° Phase 10 90° 0 45° –10 100 100 0° 1000 Vn – Output Noise Voltage – nV Gain VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V Av = 100 RL = 10 kΩ TA = 25°C Phase Shift 30 10 1000 f– Frequency – kHz CLOSED-LOOP GAIN AND PHASE SHIFT vs FREQUENCY 40 Closed-Loop Gain – dB 100 Figure 39 Figure 38 1 10 VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C 80 60 40 20 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 f – Frequency – Hz f – Frequency – kHz Figure 41 Figure 40 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 25 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER PHASE MARGIN vs LOAD CAPACITANCE 80° VCC = 4 V Px = 0 V TA = 25°C φ m – Phase Margin 60° 40° 20° 0° 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 CL – Load Capacitance – µF Figure 42 26 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 THERMAL INFORMATION Using thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient (RθJA), maximum power dissipation can be calculated with the equation: P + D(max) T * TA J(max) R qJA Where TJ(max) is the maximum allowable junction temperature or 125°C. This limit should then be applied to the internal power dissipation of the TPS9104. The equation for calculating total internal power dissipation of the TPS9104 is: P D(max) + ȍǒ V x I Ǔ * VX I X ) VI I Q Many system-dependent issues such as thermal coupling, airflow, added heat sinks and convection surfaces, and the presence of other heat-generating components affect the power dissipation limits of a given component. Three basic approaches for enhancing thermal performance are: • • • Improving the power dissipation capability of the PWB design Improving the thermal coupling of the component to the PWB Introducing airflow in the system POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 27 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 APPLICATION INFORMATION BATTERY 1 µF Voltage Reference REF 0.1 µF Charge Pump 4.7 µF RF Section REF Regulator B 3.3 V Regulator A 3.3 V Regulator L 3.3 V 7–13 µF Analog Section 7–13 µF 7–13 µF Reset Generator RESET OFF EN ON ON ON_REM SPKR_IN Audio Speaker _ VL + SPKR_EN 0.1 µF + _ RNGR_IN Ringer Speaker REF 0.1 µF RNGR_EN + _ MIC MIC_EN GND Figure 43. Typical Application 28 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Processor and Logic Section TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 APPLICATION INFORMATION LDOs (VL, VA, VB) output capacitors A 10-µF capacitor must be tied to Cx (CL, CA, or CB). The Cx terminal is connected internally to the output of the LDO through a 1-Ω resistor. The stability of LDOs is dependent on the ESR of the output filter capacitor. Most LDOs are designed to be stable over a narrow range of ESR with lower limits and upper limits, thus limiting the type of capacitor that can be used. With the use of the internal 1-Ω resistor, the lower ESR limit of the capacitor is eliminated, permitting the upper limit to be raised. Therefore, almost any tantalum or ceramic capacitor can be used, provided the ESR does not exceed 15 Ω over temperature. charge pump design VCC VCC VCP VCP C1 C1 VO CP VO CP + C2 C2 + GND_CP GND_CP a. Voltage Inverter b. Voltage Doubler Figure 44. Charge Pump Configurations The charge-pump terminal can drive either a voltage inverter or a voltage doubler. In either case only two capacitors and two signal diodes are needed. The output voltage is unregulated and a regulator may be added if needed. The charge transfer of C1 is: Dq + C1 (VCC * VO) This occurs f times a second and the charge transfer per unit time (current) is: I +f C1 (VCC * VO) Rewriting this equation in the form of I = V/R I where + 1 f C1 V CC * VO 1 f C1 is an equivalent resistor. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 29 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 APPLICATION INFORMATION charge pump design (continued) An equivalent circuit can now be drawn taking the diodes into account. Rinternal Requiv Rinternal –(VCC –Vdiode) Requiv 2VCC –Vdiode + C2 C2 + a. Voltage Inverter b. Voltage Doubler Figure 45. Equivalent Circuit The output voltage for the doubler is then: VO +2 VCC *2 Vdiode * IO Rtotal and the output voltage for the inverter is: VO + * (VCC * 2 Vdiode) ) IO Rtotal To determine the size of C1 use C +f I DV where f = 100,000 and ∆V = ripple voltage. For an output current of 10 mA calculate C1 + 100 kHz0.010.1A Vripple + 1 mF Because of losses caused by diode switching and ESR, the calculated capacitance should be multiplied by 1.5 to 2. A 2-µF capacitance should drive a 10-mA voltage doubler or inverter. amplifier design TPS9104 AREF SPKR_OUT+ or RNGR_OUT+ + _ C2 0.1 µF –1 Speaker SPKR_IN or RNGR_IN SPKR_OUT– or RNGR_OUT– Audio In C1 R1 R2 Figure 46. Speaker and Ringer Amplifiers 30 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 APPLICATION INFORMATION amplifier design (continued) The speaker and ringer amplifiers are capable of driving either dynamic or piezoelectric speakers. The gain is set with two external resistors connected as shown. There is an inverting stage and a noninverting stage, both of which can drive a speaker differentially. When the speaker is connected in the differential mode, the gain is doubled. The gain equation is G + R2 R1 2 Typically R2 is in the range of 10 kΩ to 100 kΩ and the gain can be as high as 10. The noninverting amplifier input is connected to the internal reference and should be bypassed with a 0.1-µF capacitor. The audio input signal must be capacitor-coupled (refer to C1 in Figure 47). R1 and C1 determine the low-frequency pole (fp) location. The frequency response of the input RC is: fp +2 p 1 R1 C1 For a 0.22-µF capacitor and a 1-kΩ resistor, the 3-dB point is fp +2 p 1 1K 0.22 mF + 750 Hz Both VCC and VL supply power to the speaker and ringer amplifiers. The output of VL is used to power the high-gain input stage, and VCC is used to power the low-gain high-current output stage. When driving a highly capacitive load, series resistance should be added to minimize signal distortion. TPS9104 + _ MIC_IN+ MIC_OUT MIC_IN– Microphone C1 R1 R2 Figure 47. Microphone Amplifier This is a high-gain amplifier capable of driving a 10 kΩ load at 3 V. The gain is set using two external resistors, R2 . Typically R1 and R2. A low noise reference must be connected to MIC_IN+. The gain equation is: G R1 R2 can be in the range of 10 kΩ to 100 kΩ and the gain can be up to 100. The microphone must be either capacitor-coupled (C1) or tied to the reference. The closed-loop –3 dB point for this amplifier is a minimum of 4 kHz. The location of the low-frequency pole can be calculated using + fp +2 p 1 R1 . C1 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 31 TPS9104 CELLULAR SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL POWER SUPPLY/AUDIO SYSTEM SLVS133A – AUGUST 1996 – REVISED APRIL 1998 MECHANICAL DATA PT (S-PQFP-G48) PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK 0,27 0,17 0,50 36 0,08 M 25 37 24 48 13 0,13 NOM 1 12 5,50 TYP 7,20 SQ 6,80 9,20 SQ 8,80 Gage Plane 0,25 0,05 MIN 1,45 1,35 Seating Plane 1,60 MAX 0°– 7° 0,75 0,45 0,10 4040052 / C 11/96 NOTES: A. B. C. D. 32 All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Falls within JEDEC MS-026 This may also be a thermally enhanced plastic package with leads conected to the die pads. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current and complete. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products and related software to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Certain applications using semiconductor products may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage (“Critical Applications”). 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