A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Features and Benefits Description ▪ 2-wire serial I2C™ -compatible interface: control (write) and status (read) ▪ LNB voltages (16 programmable levels) compatible with all common standards ▪ Tracking switch-mode power converter for lowest dissipation ▪ Integrated converter switches and current sensing ▪ Provides up to 500 mA load current ▪ Static current limit circuit allows full current at startup and 13→18 V output transition; reliably starts wide load range ▪ Push-pull output stage minimizes 13→18 V and 18→13 V output transition times for highly capacitive loads ▪ Adjustable rise/fall time via external timing capacitor ▪ Built-in tone oscillator, factory-trimmed to 22 kHz facilitates DiSEqC™ tone encoding, even at no-load ▪ Four methods of 22 kHz tone generation, via I2C™ data bits and/or external pin ▪ Filter bypass MOSFET minimizes losses during tone transmit ▪ 22 kHz tone detector facilitates DiSEqC™ 2.0 decoding ▪ Auxiliary modulation input ▪ LNB overcurrent with timer ▪ Diagnostics for output voltage level, input supply UVLO, and DiSEqC™ tone output ▪ Cable disconnect diagnostic Intended for analog and digital satellite receivers, this single low noise block converter regulator (LNBR) is a monolithic linear and switching voltage regulator, specifically designed to provide the power and the interface signals to an LNB down converter via coaxial cable. The A8291 requires few external components, with the boost switch and compensation circuitry integrated inside of the device. A high switching frequency is chosen to minimize the size of the passive filtering components, further assisting in cost reduction. The high levels of component integration ensure extremely low noise and ripple figures. The A8291 has been designed for high efficiency, utilizing the Allegro® advanced BCD process. The integrated boost switch has been optimized to minimize both switching and static losses. To further enhance efficiency, the voltage drop across the tracking regulator has been minimized. The A8291 has integrated tone detection capability, to support full two-way DiSEqC™ communications. Several schemes are available for generating tone signals, all the way down to no-load, and using either the internal clock or an external Package: Continued on the next page… 28 pin 5 mm × 5mm MLP/QFN (suffix ET) Functional Block Diagram L1 33 μH VS C2 100 μF C1 100 nF L3 1 MH D1 VIN LX C4 100 nF C6 1 μF C5 100 μF GNDLX BOOST VCP VREG Charge BFC Pump C3 220 nF VDD Regulator VPump Boost Converter EXTM fsw LNB Voltage Control Wave Shape VOUT Linear Stage SCL fsw L2 220 μH LNB TCAP SDA C8 D3 220 nF TGate OCP PNG TSD VUV C13 10 nF TCAP C7 22 nF Oscillator A ADD TDO PAD 8291-DS, Rev. 14 GND Tone Detect TDI R8 100 7 C10 10 nF D4 B C C11 0.68 μF Clock Divider 22 kHz IRQ C9 220 nF R9 30 7 Fault Monitor I 2 C™Compatible Interface C BFI BFC TDO C12 D5 B R7 15 7 BFO TMode DAC B B R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 EXTM D2 R10 1 7 A R9-C11 network is needed only when a highly inductive load is applied, such as ProBand LNB. B D2, D4, D5, and R10 are used for surge protection. C Either C12 or C9 should be used, but not both. A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Description (continued) time source. A DiSEqC™ filter bypass switch is also integrated, to minimize the output impedance during tone generation. A comprehensive set of fault registers are provided, which comply with all the common standards, including: overcurrent, thermal shutdown, undervoltage, cable disconnect, power not good, and tone detect. The device uses a 2-wire bidirectional serial interface, compatible with the I2C™ standard, that operates up to 400 kHz. The A8291 is supplied in a lead (Pb) free 28-lead MLP/QFN. Selection Guide Part Number Packinga Description A8291SETTR-Tb 7 in. reel, 1500 pieces/reel 12 mm carrier tape ET package, MLP/QFN surface mount 0.90 mm nominal height aContact Allegro bLeadframe for additional packing options. plating 100% matte tin. Absolute Maximum Ratings Rating Units Load Supply Voltage, VIN pin Characteristic Symbol VIN Conditions 30 V Output Current1 IOUT Internally Limited A –0.3 to 33 V –1 to 33 V Output Voltage, LX pin –0.3 to 30 V Output Voltage, VCP pin –0.3 to 41 V Logic Input Voltage, EXTM and BFC pins –0.3 to 5 V Logic Input Voltage, other pins –0.3 to 7 V Logic Output Voltage –0.3 to 7 V Output Voltage, BOOST pin Surge2 Output Voltage, LNB, BFI, BFO pins Operating Ambient Temperature TA –20 to 85 °C Junction Temperature TJ(max) 150 °C Storage Temperature Tstg –55 to 150 °C 1Output current rating may be limited by duty cycle, ambient temperature, and heat sinking. Under any set of conditions, do not exceed the specified current ratings, or a junction temperature, TJ, of 150°C. 2Use Allegro recommended Application circuit. Package Thermal Characteristics* Package RθJA (°C/W) PCB ET 32 4-layer * Additional information is available on the Allegro website. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 2 A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator 22 BFO 23 NC 24 BFI 25 VIN 26 LX 27 GNDLX 28 LNB Device Pin-out Diagram BOOST 1 21 NC VCP 2 20 NC TCAP 3 NC 4 TDO 5 17 NC EXTM 6 16 NC TDI 7 15 NC 19 BFC IRQ 14 NC 13 18 NC SCL 12 ADD 11 9 SDA 10 8 GND VREG PAD (Top View) Terminal List Table Name Number ADD 11 Address select Function BFC 19 Bypass FET control BFI 24 Bypass FET input (connect to LNB) BFO 22 Bypass FET output BOOST 1 Tracking supply voltage to linear regulator EXTM 6 External modulation input GND 8 Signal ground GNDLX 27 Boost switch ground IRQ 14 Interrupt request LNB 28 Output voltage to LNB LX PAD 26 4, 13, 15-18, 20, 21, 23 Pad SCL 12 I2C™-compatible clock input NC Inductor drive point No connection Exposed pad; connect to the ground plane, for thermal dissipation SDA 10 I2C™-compatible data input/output TCAP 3 Capacitor for setting the rise and fall time of the LNB output TDI 7 Tone detect input TDO 5 Tone detect output VCP 2 Gate supply voltage VIN 25 Supply input voltage VREG 9 Analog supply Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 3 A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at TA = 25°C, VIN = 8 to 16 V, unless noted otherwise1 Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Relative to selected VLNB target level, ILOAD = 0 to 450 mA –3 – 3 % IIN(Off) ENB bit = 0, LNB output disabled, VIN = 12 V – – 10.0 mA IIN(On) ENB bit = 1, LNB output enabled, ILOAD = 0 mA, VIN = 12 V – – 19.0 mA General Set-Point Accuracy, Load and Line Regulation Supply Current Boost Switch On Resistance Err RDS(on)BOOST ILOAD = 450 mA – 300 600 mΩ 320 352 384 kHz – 3.0 – A VBOOST – VLNB, no tone signal, ILOAD = 450 mA 600 800 1000 mV TCAP capacitor (C7) charging –12.5 –10 –7.5 μA 7.5 10 12.5 μA Switching Frequency fSW Switch Current Limit ILIMSW VIN = 10 V, VOUT = 20.3 V Linear Regulator Voltage Drop ∆VREG ICHG TCAP Pin Current IDISCHG TCAP capacitor (C7) discharging Output Voltage Rise Time2 tr(VLNB) For VLNB 13 → 18 V; CTCAP = 5.6 nF, ILOAD = 450 mA – 500 – μs Output Voltage Pull-Down Time2 tf(VLNB) For VLNB 18 → 13 V; CLOAD = 100 μF, ILOAD = 0 mA – 12.5 – ms IRLNB ENB bit = 0, VLNB = 33 V , BOOST capacitor (C5) fully charged – 1 5 mA Vrip,n(pp) 20 MHz BWL; reference circuit shown in Functional Block diagram; contact Allegro for additional information on application circuit board design – 30 – mVPP ILIMLNB VBOOST – VLNB = 800 mV 500 600 700 mA 40 48 56 ms VUVLO VIN falling 7.05 7.35 7.65 V VIN(th) VIN rising Output Reverse Current Ripple and Noise on LNB Output3 Protection Circuitry Output Overcurrent Limit4 Overcurrent Disable Time VIN Undervoltage Lockout Threshold VIN Turn On Threshold tDIS 7.40 7.70 8.00 V VUVLOHYS – 350 – mV Thermal Shutdown Threshold2 TJ – 165 – °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis2 ∆TJ – 20 – °C Undervoltage Hysteresis Power Not Good Flag Set Power Not Good Flag Reset Power Not Good Hysteresis Cable Disconnect Boost Voltage PNGSET With respect to VLNB 77 85 93 % PNGRESET With respect to VLNB 82 90 98 % With respect to VLNB – 5 – % 22.0 22.8 23.5 V 20.16 21.00 21.84 V 1.0 1.75 2.5 mA PNGHYS VCAD Cable Disconnect Set VCADSET Cable Disconnect Current Source ICADSRC CADT bit = 1, ENB bit = 1, VSEL0 through VSEL3 = 1 VLNB = 21.00 V, VBOOST = 22.8 V Continued on the next page… Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 4 A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) at TA = 25°C, VIN = 8 to 16 V, unless noted otherwise1 Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units VBFC(H) 2.0 VBFC(L) – – – V – 0.8 V Bypass FET Bypass FET Control (BFC) Logic Input Input Leakage Bypass FET On Resistance Turn On/Off Delay2 IBFCLKG RDS(on) tD(ON/OFF) –1 – 1 μA ILOAD = 450 mA, and VBFC = Low, or BFC2 bit = 1 – 0.5 1 Ω VBFC = Low, or BFC2 bit = 1 – 650 – μs Tone Tone Frequency fTONE 20 22 24 kHz Tone Amplitude, Peak-to-Peak VTONE(pp) ILOAD = 0 to 450 mA, CLOAD = 750 nF 400 620 800 mV Tone Duty Cycle DCTONE ILOAD = 0 to 450 mA, CLOAD = 750 nF 40 50 60 % Tone Rise Time trTONE ILOAD = 0 to 450 mA, CLOAD = 750 nF 5 10 15 μs tfTONE ILOAD = 0 to 450 mA, CLOAD = 750 nF 5 10 15 μs 2.0 – – V Tone Fall Time EXTM Logic Input EXTM Input Leakage VEXTM(H) VEXTM(L) – – 0.8 V IEXTMLKG –1 – 1 μA fTONE = 22 kHz sine wave, TMODE = 0 300 – – mV VTDT(pp)Int fTONE = 22 kHz sine wave, using internal tone (options 1 and 2, in figure 1) 400 – – mV VTDT(pp)Ext fTONE = 22 kHz sine wave, using external tone (options 3 and 4, in figure 1) 300 – – mV – – 100 mV 17.6 – 26.4 kHz – 8.6 – kΩ Tone Detector Tone Detect Input Amplitude Receive, Peak-to-Peak Tone Detect Input Amplitude Transmit, Peakto-Peak Tone Reject Input Amplitude, Peak-to-Peak VTDR(pp) VTRI(pp) Frequency Capture fTDI Input Impedance2 ZTDI fTONE = 22 kHz sine wave 600 mVpp sine wave TDO Output Voltage VTDO(L) Tone present, ILOAD = 3 mA – – 0.4 V TDO Output Leakage ITDOLKG Tone absent, VTDO = 7 V – – 10 μA I2C™-Compatible Interface Logic Input (SDA,SCL) Low Level VSCL(L) – – 0.8 V Logic Input (SDA,SCL) High Level VSCL(H) 2.0 – – V Logic Input Hysteresis VI2CIHYS Logic Input Current II2CI Logic Output Voltage SDA and IRQ Vt2COut(L) Logic Output Leakage SDA and IRQ Vt2CLKG SCL Clock Frequency Output Fall Time VI2CI = 0 to 7 V ILOAD = 3 mA Vt2COut = 0 to 7 V fCLK Vt2COut(H) to Vt2COut(L) 150 – mV <±1.0 10 μA – – 0.4 V – – 10 μA – – 400 kHz – – 250 ns tBUF 1.3 – – μs Hold Time Start Condition tHD:STA 0.6 – – μs Setup Time for Start Condition tSU:STA 0.6 – – μs Bus Free Time Between Stop/Start tfI2COut – –10 Continued on the next page… Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 5 A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) at TA = 25°C, VIN = 8 to 16 V, unless noted otherwise1 Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units I2C™-Compatible Interface (continued) SCL Low Time tLOW 1.3 – – μs SCL High Time tHIGH 0.6 – – μs Data Setup Time tSU:DAT 100 – – ns Data Hold Time tHD:DAT 0 – 900 ns Setup Time for Stop Condition tSU:STO 0.6 – – μs ADD Voltage for Address 0001,000 Address1 0 – 0.7 V ADD Voltage for Address 0001,001 Address2 1.3 – 1.7 V ADD Voltage for Address 0001,010 Address3 2.3 – 2.7 V ADD Voltage for Address 0001,011 Address4 3.3 – 5.0 V I2C™ For tHD:DAT(min) , the master device must provide a hold time of at least 300 ns for the SDA signal in order to bridge the undefined region of the SCL signal falling edge Address Setting 1Operation at 16 V may be limited by power loss in the linear regulator. by worst case process simulations and system characterization. Not production tested. 3LNB output ripple and noise are dependent on component selection and PCB layout. Refer to the Application Schematic and PCB layout recommendations. Not production tested. 4Current from the LNB output may be limited by the choice of Boost components. 2Guaranteed I2C™ Interface Timing Diagram tSU:STA tHD:STA tSU:DAT tHD:DAT tSU:STO tBUF SDA SCL tLOW tHIGH Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 6 A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Functional Description Protection The A8291 has a wide range of protection features and fault diagnostics which are detailed in the Status Register section. Boost Converter/Linear Regulator The A8291 solution contains a tracking current-mode boost converter and linear regulator. The boost converter tracks the requested LNB voltage to within 800 mV, to minimize power dissipation. Under conditions where the input voltage, VBOOST , is greater than the output voltage, VLNB, the linear regulator must drop the differential voltage. When operating in these conditions, care must be taken to ensure that the safe operating temperature range of the A8291 is not exceeded. The boost converter operates at 352 kHz typical: 16 times the internal 22 kHz tone frequency. All the loop compensation, current sensing, and slope compensation functions are provided internally. The A8291 has internal pulse-by-pulse current limiting on the boost converter and DC current limiting on the LNB output to protect the IC against short circuits. When the LNB output is shorted, the LNB output current is limited to 600 mA typical, and the IC will be shut down if the overcurrent condition lasts for more than 48 ms. If this occurs, the A8291 must be reenabled for normal operation. The system should provide sufficient time between successive restarts to limit internal power dissipation; a minimum of 2 s is recommended. At extremely light loads, the boost converter operates in a pulse-skipping mode. Pulse skipping occurs when the BOOST voltage rises to approximately 450 mV above the BOOST target output voltage. Pulse skipping stops when the BOOST voltage drops 200 mV below the pulse skipping level. In the case that two or more set top box LNB outputs are connected together by the customer (e.g., with a splitter), it is possible that one output could be programmed at a higher voltage than the other. This would cause a voltage on one output that is higher than its programmed voltage (e.g., 19 V on the output of a 13 V programmed voltage). The output with the highest voltage will effectively turn off the other outputs. As soon as this voltage is reduced below the value of the other outputs, the A8291 output will auto-recover to their programmed levels. Charge Pump. Generates a supply voltage above the internal and fall times can be set by the value of the capacitor connected from the TCAP pin to GND (CTCAP or C7 in the Applications Schematic). Note that during start-up, the BOOST pin is precharged to the input voltage minus a voltage drop. As a result, the slew rate control for the BOOST pin occurs from this voltage. The value of CTCAP can be calculated using the following formula: CTCAP = (ITCAP × 6) / SR , where SR is the required slew rate of the LNB output voltage, in V/s, and ITCAP is the TCAP pin current specified in the data sheet. The recommended value for CTCAP, 10 nF, should provide satisfactory operation for most applications. However, in some cases, it may be necessary to increase the value of CTCAP to avoid activating the current limit of the LNB output. One such situation is when two set-top boxes are connected in parallel. If this is the case, the following formula can be used to calculate CTCAP: CTCAP ≥ (ITCAP × 6)(2 × CBOOST) / ILIMLNB , CTCAP ≥ (10 μA × 6)(2 × 100 μF) / 500 mA = 24 nF . The minimum value of CTCAP is 2.2 nF. There is no theoretical maximum value of CTCAP however too large a value will probably cause the voltage transition specification to be exceeded. Tone generation is unaffected by the value of CTCAP . Pull-Down Rate Control. In applications that have to operate at very light loads and that require large load capacitances (in the order of tens to hundreds of microfarads), the output linear stage provides approximately 40 mA of pull-down capability. This ensures that the output volts are ramped from 18 V to 13 V in a reasonable amount of time. ODT (Overcurrent Disable Time) If the LNB output current exceeds 600 mA, typical, for more than 48 ms, then the LNB output will be disabled and the OCP bit will be set. Short Circuit Handling If the LNB output is shorted to ground, the LNB output current will be clamped to 600 mA, typical. If the short circuit condition lasts for more than 48 ms, the A8291 will be disabled and the OCP bit will be set. tracking regulator output to drive the linear regulator control. Auto-Restart Slew Rate Control. During either start-up, or when the output After a short circuit condition occurs, the host controller should periodically reenable the A8291 to check if the short circuit has voltage at the LNB pin is transitioning, the output voltage rise Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 7 A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator been removed. Consecutive startup attempts should allow at least 2 s of delay between restarts. In-Rush Current At start-up or during an LNB reconfiguration event, a transient surge current above the normal DC operating level can be provided by the A8291. This current increase can be as high as 600 mA, typical, for as long as required, up to a maximum of 48 ms. Tone Detection A 22 kHz tone detector is provided in the A8291 solution. The detector extracts the tone signal and provides it as an open-drain signal on the TDO pin. The maximum tone out error is ±1 tone cycle, and the maximum tone out delay with respect to the input is 1 tone cycle. Detection thresholds are given in table 1. (options 1 or 2), the minimum tone detect amplitude is 400 mV, and when an external tone is used (options 3 or 4), the minimum tone detection amplitude is 300 mV. DiSEqC™ Bypass MOSFET A pair of N-channel MOSFETs are connected in parallel (source to drain and drain to source) to provide a low source output impedance during tone transmission. The MOSFETs are enabled either via the BFC input pin (active low) or by setting the BFC2 bit to 1 in the Control register. When the BFC pin is used instead of I2C™ control, it is not latched; a logic high or low turns the FET off or on. When the EXTM TMODE Tone Generation TGATE The A8291 solution offers four options for tone generation, providing maximum flexibility to cover every application. The EXTM pin (external modulation), in conjunction with the I2C™ control bits: TMODE (tone modulation) and TGATE (tone gate), provide the necessary control. The TMODE bit controls whether the tone source is either internal or external (via the EXTM pin). Both the EXTM pin and TGATE bit determine the 22 kHz control, whether gated or clocked. Four options for tone generation are shown in figure 1. Note that when using option 4, when EXTM stops clocking, the LNB volts park at the LNB voltage, either plus or minus half the tone signal amplitude, depending on the state of EXTM. For example, if the EXTM is held low, the LNB dc voltage is the LNB programmed voltage minus 325 mV (typical). With any of the four options, when a tone signal is generated, TDET is set in the status register. When the internal tone is used Tone Table 1. Detection Thresholds for Tone Generation Options Transmit Option (Fig. 1) TMODE TGATE EXTM Receive 1 2 3 4 n.a. n.a. 1 Control 0/1 1 0 Control 0/1 0 0 1 1 Guaranteed Detection Threshold (mVPP) 400 Rejection Threshold (mVPP) 100 1 Option 1 – Use internal tone, gated by the TGATE bit. EXTM TMODE TGATE Tone LNB (V) (LNB Ref) Option 2 – Use internal tone, gated by the EXTM pin. EXTM TMODE TGATE Tone LNB (V) (LNB Ref) Option 3 – Use external tone, gated by the TGATE bit. 1 Control 22 kHz gated Control logic signal, 22 kHz 0/1 logic continuous signal LNB (V) (LNB Ref) At least one must be 0 to prevent tone transmission EXTM TMODE TGATE 400 300 300 300 400 Tone LNB (V) (LNB Ref) 100 100 100 100 100 Option 4 – Use external tone. Figure 1. Options for tone generation Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 8 A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator I2C™-compatible interface is used, the BFC pin is not connected, but the pull up resistor R5 must be present. or write (0), and an acknowledge bit. The first five bits of the address are fixed as: 00010. The four optional addresses, defined by the remaining two bits, are selected by the ADD input. The address is transmitted MSB first. 3. Data Cycles. Write – 6 bits of data and 2 bits for addressing four internal control registers, followed by an acknowledge bit. See Control Register section for more information. Read – Two status registers, where register 1 is read first, followed by register 2, then register 1, and so on. At the start of any read sequence, register 1 is always read first. Data is transmitted MSB first. 4. Stop Condition. Defined by a positive edge on the SDA line, while SCL is high. Except to indicate a Start or Stop condition, SDA must be stable while the clock is high. SDA can only be changed while SCL is low. It is possible for the Start or Stop condition to occur at any time during a data transfer. The A8291 always responds by resetting the data transfer sequence. I2C™-Compatible Interface This is a serial interface that uses two bus lines, SCL and SDA, to access the internal Control and Status registers of the A8291. Data is exchanged between a microcontroller (master) and the A8291 (slave). The clock input to SCL is generated by the master, while SDA functions as either an input or an open drain output, depending on the direction of the data. Timing Considerations The control sequence of the communication through the I2C™compatible interface is composed of several steps in sequence: 1. Start Condition. Defined by a negative edge on the SDA line, while SCL is high. 2. Address Cycle. 7 bits of address, plus 1 bit to indicate read (1) acknowledge from LNBR Start Address acknowledge from LNBR W Control Data SDA 0 0 0 1 0 A1 A0 0 AK SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I1 I0 D5 D4 D3 Stop D2 D1 D0 AK Write to Register acknowledge from LNBR Start Address no acknowledge from master R Status Register 1 SDA 0 0 0 1 0 A1 A0 1 AK SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Stop D1 D0 NAK Read One Byte from Register acknowledge from LNBR Start Address R acknowledge from LNBR Status Data in Register 1 SDA 0 0 0 1 0 A1 A0 1 AK SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 no acknowledge from master Status Data in Register 2 D0 AK - - - - D3 D2 D1 Stop D0 NAK Read Multiple Bytes from Register Figure 2. I2C™ Interface. Read and write sequences. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 9 A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator The Read/Write bit is used to determine the data transfer direction. If the Read/Write bit is high, the master reads the contents of register 1, followed by register 2 if a further read is performed. If the Read/Write bit is low, the master writes data to one of the two Control registers. Note that multiple writes are not permitted. All write operations must be preceded with the address. The Acknowledge bit has two functions. It is used by the master to determine if the slave device is responding to its address and data, and it is used by the slave when the master is reading data back from the slave. When the A8291 decodes the 7-bit address field as a valid address, it responds by pulling SDA low during the ninth clock cycle. During a data write from the master, the A8291 also pulls SDA low during the clock cycle that follows the data byte, in order to indicate that the data has been successfully received. In both cases, the master device must release the SDA line before the ninth clock cycle, in order to allow this handshaking to occur. During a data read, the A8291 acknowledges the address in the same way as in the data write sequence, and then retains control of the SDA line and send the data from register 1 to the master. On completion of the eight data bits, the A8291 releases the SDA line before the ninth clock cycle, in order to allow the master to acknowledge the data. If the master holds the SDA line low during this Acknowledge bit, the A8291 responds by sending the data from register 2 to the master. Data bytes continue to be sent to the master until the master releases the SDA line during the Acknowledge bit. When this is detected, the A8291 stops sending data and waits for a stop signal. Interrupt Request The A8291 also provides an interrupt request pin, IRQ, which is an open-drain, active-low output. This output may be connect- Start Address ed to a common IRQ line with a suitable external pull-up and can be used with other I2C™-compatible devices to request attention from the master controller. The IRQ output becomes active when either the A8291 first recognizes a fault condition, or at power-on, when the main supply, VIN , and the internal logic supply, VREG , reach the correct operating conditions. It is only reset to inactive when the I2C™ master addresses the A8291 with the Read/Write bit set (causing a read). Fault conditions are indicated by the TSD, VUV, and OCP bits, and are latched in the Status register. See the Status register section for full description. The DIS, PNG, CAD and TDET status bits do not cause an interrupt. All these bits are continually updated, apart from the DIS bit, which changes when the LNB is either disabled, intentionally or due to a fault, or is enabled. When the master recognizes an interrupt, it addresses all slaves connected to the interrupt line in sequence, and then reads the status register to determine which device is requesting attention. The A8291 latches all conditions in the Status register until the completion of the data read. The action at the resampling point is further defined in the Status Register section. The bits in the Status register are defined such that the all-zero condition indicates that the A8291 is fully active with no fault conditions. When VIN is initially applied, the I2C™-compatible interface does not respond to any requests until the internal logic supply VREG has reached its operating level. Once VREG has reached this point, the IRQ output goes active, and the VUV bit is set. After the A8291 acknowledges the address, the IRQ flag is reset. After the master reads the status registers, the registers are updated with the VUV reset. R Status Register 1 SDA 0 0 0 1 0 A1 A0 1 AK SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Stop D1 D0 NAK IRQ Fault Event Read after Interrupt Reload Status Register Figure 3. I2C™ Interface. Read sequences after interrupt request. 10 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Control Registers (I2C™-Compatible Write Register) All main functions of the A8291 are controlled through the I2C™compatible interface via the 8-bit Control registers. As the A8291 contains numerous control options, it is necessary to have two control registers. Each register contains up to 6 bits of data (bit 0 to bit 5), followed by 2 bits for the register address (bit 6 and bit 7). The power-up states for the control functions are all 0s. The following tables define the control bits for each address and the settings for output voltage: Table 2. Control Register Address (I1, I0) = 00 Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 VSEL0 VSEL1 VSEL2 Bit 3 VSEL3 Bit 4 Bit 5 ODT ENB Bit 6 Bit 7 I0 I1 Bit Name Function 0 VSEL0 1 VSEL1 2 VSEL2 3 VSEL3 4 ODT 5 ENB 6 I0 Address Bit: 0 7 I1 Address Bit: 0 See table 4, Output Voltage Amplitude Selection 0: LNB = Low range 1: LNB = High range 1 (recommended): The ODT functions are always enabled, but setting 1 recommended at all times. 0: Disable LNB Output 1: Enable LNB Output These three bits provide incremental control over the voltage on the LNB output. The available voltages provide the necessary levels for all the common standards plus the ability to add line compensation in increments of 333 mV. The voltage levels are defined in table 4, Output Voltage Amplitude Selection. Switches between the low level and high level output voltages on the LNB output. 0 selects the low level voltage and 1 selects the high level. The low-level center voltage is 12.709 V nominal and the high level is 18.042 V nominal. These may be increased in steps of 333 mV using the VSEL2, VSEL1 and VSEL0 control register bits. The overcurrent disable timer is always enabled. Enables the LNB output. When set to 1 the LNB output is switched on. When set to 0, the LNB output is disabled. Address Address 11 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Table 3. Control Register Address (I1, I0) = 10 Bit 0 1 Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Name TMODE TGATE Function 0: External Tone 1: Internal Tone 0: Tone Gated Off 1: Tone Gated On 0: Cable Disconnect Test Off 2 CADT 3 - Not Used 4 - Not Used 5 BFC2 6 I0 Address Bit: 0 7 I1 Address Bit: 1 1: Cable Disconnect Test On 0: Bypass MOSFET Off 1: Bypass MOSFET On TMODE Tone Mode. Selects between the use of an external 22 kHz logic signal or the use of the internal 22 kHz oscillator to control the tone generation on the LNB output. A 0 selects the external tone and a 1 selects the internal tone. See the Tone Generation section for more information TGATE Tone Gate. Allows either the internal or external 22 kHz tone signals to be gated, unless the EXTM is selected for gating. When set to 0, the selected tone (via TMODE) is off. When set to 1, the selected tone is on. See Tone Generation Section for more information. CADT Cable Disconnect Test. To perform this test, set bits CADT, ENB, and VSEL0 through VSEL3 through the I2C™-compatible interface. During this test, the LNB linear regulator is disabled, a 1 mA current source between the BOOST output and the LNB output is enabled, and the BOOST voltage is increased to 22.8 V. After these conditions are set, if the LNB voltage is above 21 V, it is assumed that the coaxial cable connection between the LNBR output and the LNB head has been disconnected. In this case, the CAD bit is set in the status register. If there is a load on the LNB pin, then the LNB voltage will decrease proportionally to the load current. If the LNB volts drop below 19.95 V, it is assumed that the coax cable is connected and the CAD bit in the status register is set to 0. – Not Used. – Not Used. BFC2 Bypass MOSFET Control. When set to 1, the internal bypass MOSFETs are enabled. A 0 disables the bypass MOSFETs. I0 Address. I1 Address. 12 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Table 4. Output Voltage Amplitude Selection VSEL3 VSEL2 VSEL1 VSEL0 LNB (V) 0 0 0 0 12.709 0 0 0 1 13.042 0 0 1 0 13.375 0 0 1 1 13.709 0 1 0 0 14.042 0 1 0 1 14.375 0 1 1 0 14.709 0 1 1 1 15.042 1 0 0 0 18.042 1 0 0 1 18.375 1 0 1 0 18.709 1 0 1 1 19.042 1 1 0 0 19.375 1 1 0 1 19.709 1 1 1 0 20.042 1 1 1 1 20.375 13 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Status Registers (I2C™-Compatible Read Register) The main fault conditions: overcurrent (OCP), under voltage (VUV) and overtemperature (TSD), are all indicated by setting the relevant bits in the Status registers. In all fault cases, once the bit is set, it remains latched until the A8291 is read by the I2C™ master, assuming the fault has been resolved. The current status of the LNB output is indicated by the disable bit, DIS. The DIS bit is set when either a fault occurs or if the LNB is disabled intentionally. This bit is latched, and is reset when the LNB is commanded on again. The power not good (PNG), tone detect (TDET), and cable disconnected (CAD) flags are the only bits which may be reset without an I2C™ read sequence. Table 5 summarizes the condition of each bit when set and how it is reset. As the A8291 has a comprehensive set of status reporting bits, it is necessary to have two Status registers. When performing a multiple read function, register 1 is read followed by register 2, then register 1 again and so on. Whenever a new read function is performed, register 1 is always read first. The normal sequence of the master in a fault condition will be to detect the fault by reading the Status registers, then rereading the Status registers until the status bit is reset indicating the fault condition is reset. The fault may be detected either by continuously polling, by responding to an interrupt request (IRQ), or by detecting a fault condition externally and performing a diagnostic poll of all slave devices. Note that the fully-operational condition of the Status registers is all 0s, to simplify checking of the Status bit. Table 5. Status Register Bit Setting Status Bit Function Set Non-latched Reset Condition Cable disconnect test off or cable connected CAD Cable disconnected DIS LNB disabled, either intentionally or due to fault Latched LNB enabled and no fault OCP Overcurrent Latched I2C™ read and fault removed PNG Power not good Non-latched LNB volts in range TDET Tone detect Non-latched Tone removed TSD Thermal shutdown Latched I2C™ read and fault removed VUV Undervoltage Latched I2C™ read and fault removed 14 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Table 6. Status Register 1 Bit 0 DIS Bit 1 Bit 2 – OCP Bit 3 Bit 4 – PNG Bit 5 Bit 6 – TSD Bit 7 VUV Bit Name Function 0 DIS LNB output disabled 1 – Not Used 2 OCP Overcurrent 3 – Not Used 4 PNG Power Not Good 5 – Not Used 6 TSD Thermal Shutdown 7 VUV VIN Undervoltage LNB Output Disabled. DIS is used to indicate the current condition of the LNB output. At power-on, or if a fault condition occurs, DIS will be set. This bit changing to 1 does not cause the IRQ to activate because the LNB output may be disabled intentionally by the I2C™ master. This bit will be reset at the end of a write sequence if the LNB output is enabled. Not used. Overcurrent. If the LNB output detects an overcurrent condition, for greater than 48 ms, the LNB output will be disabled. The OCP bit will be set to indicate that an overcurrent has occurred and the disable bit, DIS, will be set. The Status register is updated on the rising edge of the 9th clock pulse in the data read sequence, where the OCP bit is reset in all cases, allowing the master to reenable the LNB output. If the overcurrent timer is not enabled, the device operate in current limit indefinitely and the OCP bit will be set. If the overcurrent condition is removed, the OCP bit will automatically be reset. Note that if the overcurrent operates long enough, and a thermal shutdown occurs, the LNB output will be disabled and the TSD bit will be set. Not used. Power Not Good. Set to 1 when the LNB voltage is below 85% of the programmed voltage. The PNG bit is reset when the LNB voltage is within 90% of the programmed LNB voltage. PNG is always active so, if the LNB output is disabled, then PNG will be a logic 1. At power-up, PNG reports a logic 1 until the LNB output is enabled and within 90% of the programmed LNB voltage. Not used. Thermal shutdown. 1 indicates that the A8291 has detected an overtemperature condition and has disabled the LNB output. The disable bit, DIS, will also be set. The status of the overtemperature condition is sampled on the rising edge of the 9th clock pulse in the data read sequence. If the condition is no longer present, then the TSD bit will be reset, allowing the master to reenable the LNB output if required. If the condition is still present, then the TSD bit will remain at 1. Undervoltage Lockout. 1 indicates that the A8291 has detected that the input supply, VIN is, or has been, below the minimum level and an undervoltage lockout has occurred disabling the LNB outputs. The disable bit, DIS, will also be set and the A8291 will not reenable the output until so instructed by writing the relevant bit into the control registers. The status of the undervoltage condition is sampled on the rising edge of the 9th clock pulse in the data read sequence. If the condition is no longer present, then the VUV bit will be reset allowing the master to reenable the LNB output if required. If the condition is still present, then the VUV bit will remain at 1. 15 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Table 7. Status Register 2 Bit 0 CAD Bit 1 Bit 2 – TDET Bits 3 to 7 Bit Name Function 0 CAD Cable Disconnected 1 – Not Used 2 TDET Tone Detect 3 – Not Used 4 – Not Used 5 – Not Used 6 – Not Used 7 – Not Used Cable between LNB and the LNB head is disconnected. When cable disconnect test mode is applied, the LNB linear regulator is disabled and a 1 mA current source is applied between the BOOST and LNB output. If the LNB volts rise above 21 V, CAD will be set to 1. The CAD bit is reset if the LNB volts drop below 19.95 V. Not used. Tone Detect. When tone is enabled by whatever option, or if a tone signal is received from the LNB, TDET will be set to 1 if the tone appears at the LNB output. When the tone is disabled and no tone is received from the LNB, TDET is reset. Not used. 16 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Table 8. Component Selection Table Component C3 Characteristics C8, C9b, C12b 220 nF, 50 V, X5R or X7R, 0805 C1, C4 100 nF, 50 V, X5R or X7R, 0603 C2, C5 100 μF, 35 VMIN , ESR < 75 mΩ, IRIPPLE > 500 mA C7 C10, C13 Manufacturer Device 220 nF, 10 VMIN, X5R or X7R, 0402 or 0603 ChemiCon: EKZE500ELL101MHB5D Nichicon: UHC1V101MPT Panasonic: EEU-FM1H101B 22 nF, 10 VMIN, X5R or X7R, 0402 or 0603 10 nF, 50 V, X5R or X7R, 0402 or 0603 0.68 μF, 25 VMIN, X5R or X7R, 0805 TDK: C2012X5R1E684K Murata: GRM21BR71E684KA88 Kemet: C0805C684K3PAC AVX: 08053D684KAT2A C6 1.0 μF, 25 VMIN, X5R or X7R, 1206 TDK: C3216X7R1E105K Murata: GRM31MR71E105KA01 Taiyo Yuden: TMK316BJ105KL-T Kemet: C1206C105K3RACTU D1, D2, D3, D5 Schottky diode, 40 V, 1 A, SOD-123 Diodes, Inc: B140HW-7 Central Semi: CMMSH1-40 D4 TVS, 20 VRM, 32 VCL at 500 A (8/20 μs), 3000 W Littelfuse: SMDJ20A ST: LNBTVS6-221S L1 33 H, ISAT > 1.3 A, DCR < 130 mΩ TDK: TSL0808RA-330K1R4-PF Taiyo Yuden: LHLC08TB330K Coilcraft: DR0608-333L L2 220 H, ISAT > 0.5 A, DCR < 0.8 Ω TDK: TSL0808RA-221KR54-PF Taiyo Yuden: LHLC08TB221K Coilcraft: DR0608-224L 1 H, 1 A, DCR < 120 mΩ, 1206 Kemet: LB3218-T1R0MK Murata: LQM31PN1R0M00L Taiyo Yuden: LB3218T1R0M TDK: MLP3216S1R0L C11 L3 R1 to R6 *Either Determined by VDD, bus capacitance, etc. R7 15 Ω, 1%, 1/8 W R8 100 Ω, 1%, 1/8 W R9 30 Ω, 1/8 W R10 1 Ω, 1/8 W C9 or C12 are used, but not both. 17 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Package ET 28-Pin MLP/QFN 0.30 5.00 ±0.15 1.15 28 1 2 0.50 28 1 A 5.00 ±0.15 3.15 4.80 3.15 29X D SEATING PLANE 0.08 C C 4.80 C +0.05 0.25 –0.07 PCB Layout Reference View 0.90 ±0.10 0.50 For Reference Only (reference JEDEC MO-220VHHD-1) Dimensions in millimeters Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown +0.20 0.55 –0.10 A Terminal #1 mark area B 3.15 2 1 28 3.15 B Exposed thermal pad (reference only, terminal #1 identifier appearance at supplier discretion) C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351 QFN50P500X500X100-29V1M); All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land can improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5) D Coplanarity includes exposed thermal pad and terminals 18 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com A8291 Single LNB Supply and Control Voltage Regulator Revision History Revision Revision Date Rev. 14 February 15, 2012 Description of Revision Update Absolute Maximum Ratings I2C™ is a trademark of Philips Semiconductors. DiSEqC™ is a trademark of Eutelsat S.A. Copyright ©2005-2012, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. For the latest version of this document, visit our website: www.allegromicro.com 19 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com