® COMPLETE TEMPERATURE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FROM A SINGLE +5V SUPPLY by George Hill, (602) 746-7283 tance of 100Ω at 0°C, and is rated for use from –200°C to 660°C. Over this range, the resistance of the RTD will vary from about 18Ω to about 333Ω. The CMOS ADS574 and ADS774 are drop-in replacements for industry standard ADC574 analog-to-digital converters, offering lower power and the capability to operate from a single +5V supply. The switched capacitor array architecture (CDAC), with the input resistor divider network to provide ADC574 input ranges, also allow the new parts to handle additional input ranges, including a 0V to 5V range. This can be used to build a complete temperature data acquisition system using a single +5V supply. Amplifiers A1 and A2 (the two op amps inside a single OPA1013) are used to generate a stable 1mA current source to excite the RTD. The 2.5V reference output of the ADS574 is used to derive this current source, so that the entire system will be ratiometric. As the reference in the ADS574 changes over temperature or time, it will affect both the gain of the A/D and the current source. Figure 1 shows the input resistor divider network on the ADS574, and how it can be configured for a 0V to 5V input range. Pin 12 is normally the bipolar offset pin on standard ADC574s, and serves the same function for ±5V and ±10V input ranges on the ADS574. However, when connected as shown, pin 12 on the ADS574 can also be used as an analog input. In this mode, the ADS574 can also be used as an analog input. In this mode, the ADS574 maintains its differential linearity of 12-bit “No-Missing-Codes”, and integral linearity is typically better than 0.1%, or 10-bits. The slight change in linearity is due to internal circuitry designed to maximize compatibility of the ADS574 used in existing ADC574 sockets. RTDs in industrial process controls are often far removed from the electronics. One thousand feet of 22-gauge copper has 16Ω of resistance (shown as RW in Figure 2), and this varies with temperature. The circuit around A3 (half of a second OPA1013) uses a third wire from the remote RTD to remove most of the effect of the two RW drops in series with the RTD. The 100kΩ resistors are much larger than RW, minimizing inaccuracies due to currents flowing through them. Amplifier A4 is used in a gain of 12.207V/V, so that a 0.1Ω change in the value of the RTD (changing the positive input to A4 by 100µV) corresponds to one LSB change in the output of the ADS574. 0V and 5V full scale inputs to the ADS574 would result from 0Ω and 409.6Ω RTD values (and hence 0mV and 409.6mV at A4’s input.) Choosing this range not only sets one LSB equal to a 0.1Ω change, but also keeps A3 and A4 from ever operating near their 0V and 5V rails. The RTD never gets below about 18Ω or above about 330Ω, which gives 18mV to 330mV at the input to A4 (and somewhat more at the input to A3, due to the two RW drops.) Figure 2 shows the circuit for a complete high accuracy temperature measurement system using the 0V to 5V input range on the ADS574. The RTD sensor shown has a resis- ADS574 50Ω 17kΩ 12 0V to +5V Input Signal 10kΩ 68kΩ As used in Figure 2, the ADS574 will switch to the hold mode and start a conversion immediately when a convert command is received (a falling edge on pin 5.) Pin 28 will output a HIGH during conversion, and a falling edge output on pin 28 can be used to read the data from the conversion. Since digital processing will normally be done to linearize the output of the RTD for maximum accuracy, the same process can also be used to calibrate out gain and offset errors in the circuit, and any effects from the approximations used in the feedback around A3. 0V to 3.33V 14 20pF No Connection 13 34kΩ 34kΩ This linearization will also restore the integral linearity of the ADS574 mentioned above, since the differential linearity remains at the 12-bit level. FIGURE 1. ADS574 Connections for 0V to +5V Input Range. © 1994 Burr-Brown Corporation AB-070 1 Printed in U.S.A. January, 1994 24.9kΩ +5V + 10µF +5V 24.9kΩ 2 1 A1 1/2 OPA1013 Convert Command Input 3 +5V 2.49kΩ NC(2) 6 A2 1/2 OPA1013 7 24.9kΩ 10.2kΩ 50Ω(3) 909Ω 100kΩ 6 100kΩ RW A4 1/2 OPA1013 2 A3 1/2 OPA1013 RW 28 2 27 Bit 11 (MSB) 3 26 Bit 10 4 25 Bit 9 5 24 Bit 8 6 23 Bit 7 7 ADS574 22 Bit 6 8 2.5V Ref Out 21 Bit 5 24.9kΩ 5 1 7 50Ω(3) Status Output 1 9 20 Bit 4 10 19 Bit 3 11 18 Bit 2 12 17 Bit 1 Leave Unconnected 13 16 Bit 0 (LSB) 5 14 15 3 PT-138AW(1) RW NOTES: (1) 100Ω at 0°C platinum temperature sensing element from Yellow Springs Instrument Co., Inc. (2) Not internally connected. (3) All resistors, except the 50Ω resistors, should be 1% metal film. FIGURE 2. Complete Single-Supply Temperature Measurement System. Using 3-Wire RTD Connection. The information provided herein is believed to be reliable; however, BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions. BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for the use of this information, and all use of such information shall be entirely at the user’s own risk. Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights or licenses to any of the circuits described herein are implied or granted to any third party. BURR-BROWN does not authorize or warrant any BURR-BROWN product for use in life support devices and/or systems. 2