RD-19230 16-BIT MONOLITHIC TRACKING RESOLVER-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER DESCRIPTION FEATURES The RD-19230 is a versatile, low cost, state-of-the-art 16-bit monolithic Resolverto-Digital Converter. This single chip converter offers programmable features such as resolution, bandwidth, velocity output scaling and encoder emulation. Resolution programming allows selection of 10, 12, 14, or 16-bit, with accuracies to 2.3 min. The parallel digital data and the internal encoder emulation signals (A QUAD B) have independent resolution control. Internal encoder emulation will permit inhibiting (freezing) the parallel digital data without interrupting the A and B outputs. The internal Synthesized Reference section eliminates errors due to quadrature voltage and ensures operation with a rotor-to-stator phase shift of up to 45 degrees. The velocity output (VEL) can be used in place of a tachometer. It has a range of ±4 V relative to analog ground. The velocity scale factor/tracking rate is programmed with a single resistor. This converter provides the option of using a second set of filter components which can be used in dual bandwidth or switch on the fly applications. • • • • Accuracy up to 2.3 arc minutes The RD-19230 is available with operating temperature ranges of 0° to +70°C and -40° to +85°C. • Internal Encoder Emulation with Independent Resolution Control • Differential Resolver Input Mode • Velocity Output Eliminates Tachometer • Built-In-Test (BIT) Output, No 180° Hangup • -40° to +85°C Operating Temperature APPLICATIONS With its low cost, small size, high accuracy, and versatile performance, the RD19230 converter is ideal for use in modern high performance industrial control systems. It is ideal for users who wish to use a resolver input in their encoder based system. Typical applications include motor control, machine tool control, robotics, and process control. Cbw RH V E L S J 1 S J 2 +5 Volt Only Option Programmable Resolution, Bandwidth and Tracking Rate Rb Cbw/10 Rb Cbw Cbw/10 VEL2 VEL1 SYNTHESIZED REFERENCE SIN -S - +S + CONTROL TRANSFORMER COS -C - +C + VDDP PCAP NCAP VSSP RL BIT V E L Internal Synthesized Reference GAIN SHIFT - DEMODULATOR VEL + D1 D0 D1 -5 V INVERTER D0 A GND VDD GND VSS EM RV HYSTERESIS VCO & TIMING -VCO R CLK INTERNAL ENCODER EMULATION DATA LATCH INH 16 BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER EL BIT 1 - BIT 16 D1 D0 A QUAD B A U/B ZIP_EN R SET CB/ZIP UP/DN FIGURE 1. RD-19230 SERIES BLOCK DIAGRAM © 1999 Data Device Corporation TABLE 1. RD-19230 SPECIFICATIONS (CONTINUED) TABLE 1. RD-19230 SPECIFICATIONS These specs apply over the rated power supply, temperature, and reference frequency ranges; 10% signal amplitude variation, and 10% harmonic distortion. PARAMETER UNIT RESOLUTION Bits FREQUENCY RANGE Hz 10, 12, 14, or 16 (note 1 & 2) 47-1k(4) 1k - 4k REFERENCE Type Voltage: differential single ended overload Frequency Input Impedance (+REF, -REF) Differential Vp-p ±10 max. Vp ±5 max. Vrms ±25 continuous; ±100 transient Hz DC to 10k Ω 10M min. || 20 pf SIGNAL INPUT Type Voltage: operating overload Input impedance DIGITAL INPUTS TTL / CMOS Compatible Inputs Logic 0 enables; Data stable within 150 ns Logic 1 = High Impedance; Data High Z within 100 ns CMOS Compatable Inputs SHIFT UP/DN A QUAD B A, B Drive Capability DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Resolution Tracking Rate (min)(note 6) Bandwidth (Closed Loop) Ka A1 A2 A B Acceleration (1 LSB lag) Settling Time (179° step) VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS Polarity Voltage Range (Full Scale) Scale Factor Error Scale Factor TC Reversal Error Linearity Zero Offset Zero Offset TC Load POWER SUPPLIES Nominal Voltage Voltage Range Max Volt. w/o Damage Current Logic 0 = 0.8 V max. Logic 1 = 2.0 V min. Loading = 10 µA max P.U. current source to +5 V || 5 pF max. CMOS transient protected Enable Bits 1 to 8 (EM) ZIP_EN Built-In-Test (BIT) (+S, -S, SIN, +C, -C, COS) Resolver, differential, groundbased Vrms 2 ±15% Vrms ±25 continuous Ω 10M min || 10 pF. Logic 0 inhibits; Data stable within 150 ns Resolution and Mode Control (D1 & D0) (See notes 1 & 2) Zero Index Pulse (ZIP) (note 5) 45 max. from 400 Hz to 10kHz Inhibit (INH) Enable Bits 9 to 16 (EL) Converter Busy (CB) 4 +1 LSB 4 +1 LSB 5 +1 LSB 2 +1 LSB 2 +1 LSB 3 +1 LSB ±1 ±1 ±2 ±1 ±1 ±2 Mode D1 D0 Resolution resolver 0 0 10 bits 0 1 12 bits 1 0 14 bits 1 1 16 bits LVDT -5V 0 8 bits 0 -5V 10 bits 1 -5V 12 bits -5V -5V 14 bits Logic 0 enables ZIP Logic 1 enables CB Logic 0 = 1.5 V max. Logic 1 = 3.5 V min. negative voltage = -3.5 V min. Logic 1 select VEL1 components Logic 0 select VEL2 components TEMPERATURE RANGE Operating -30X -20X Storage Logic 1 will increase gain by 4 Logic 0 will decrease gain by 4 -5 V gain remains constant PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Size: 64-pin Quad Flat Pack WEIGHT Logic 0 enables encoder emulation Falling edge latches encoder resolution 2 VALUE 10, 12, 14, or 16 parallel lines; natural binary angle positive logic (see note 2) 0.25 to 0.75 µs positive pulse leading edge initiates counter update. (CB functions with ZIP_EN pin tied to +5 V or NC) Logic 1 at all 0’s (ZIP_EN pin tied to GND) Logic 0 for BIT condition. ~ ±100 LSB’s of error with a filter of 500 µs, Loss of Signal (LOS) less than 500 mV, or Loss of Reference (LOR) less than 500 mV Incremental Encoder Output 50 pF+ Logic 0: 1 TTL load, 1.6 mA at 0.4 V max. Logic 1; 10 TTL loads, -0.4 mA at 2.8 V min. Logic 0; 100 mV max. driving CMOS Logic 1; +5 V supply minus 100 mV min. driving CMOS High Z; 10 µA || 5 pF max. 4k - 10k Min Min LSB LSB deg UNIT DIGITAL OUTPUTS Parallel Data (1-16) VALUE ACCURACY -XX2 -XX3 (note 3) REPEATABILITY DIFFERENTIAL LINEARITY SYNTHESIZED REFERENCE ±Sig/Ref Phase Shift Correction PARAMETER (at maximum bandwidth) bits rps Hz 1/sec2 1/sec 1/sec 1/sec 1/sec deg/s2 msec 10 1152 1200 5.7M 19.5 295k 2400 1200 2M 2 12 14 288 72 1200 600 5.7M 1.4M 19.5 4.9 295k 295k 2400 1200 1200 600 500k 30k 8 20 16 18 300 360k 1.2 295k 600 300 2k 50 Positive for increasing angle ±4 (at nominal power supply) V 10 typ 20 max % 100 typ 200 max PPM/°C 0.75 typ 1.3 max % 0.25 typ 0.50 max % 5 typ 10 max mV 15 typ 30 max µV/°C 8 max kΩ (note 6) V +5 (VDD) -5 (VSS) % ±5 ±5 V +7 -7 mA 25 max. (each) °C °C °C 0 to +70 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 in(mm) 0.52 x 0.52 (13.2 x 13.2) oz(g) 0.018 ( 0.5 ) TABLE 1 notes: 1. Unused data bits are set to logic “0.” 2. In LVDT mode, Bit 3 is the MSB and resolution is programmable to 8,10, 12, and 14 bits. 3. Accuracy in LVDT mode is 0.15% + 1 LSB of full scale. 4. In the frequency range of 47Hz to 1kHz, there will be 1 LSB of jitter at quadrant boundaries. 5. The maximum phase shift tolerance will degrade linearly from 45 degrees at 400 Hz to 30 degrees at 60 Hz. 6. When using the -5V inverter, the VDD supply current will double and VSSP can be up to 20% low, or -4V. 7. || = in parallel with. clamps to the ±5 VDC supplies. By performing the following trigonometric identity, SINθ(COSφ) - COSθ(SINφ) = SIN(θ-φ), the Control Transformer (CT) compares the analog input signals ( θ ) with the digital output ( φ ), resulting in an error signal proportional to the sin of the angular difference. The CT uses a combination of amplifiers, switches, logic and capacitors in precision ratios to perform the calculation. Note: The error output of the CT is normally sinusoidal, but in LVDT mode, it is triangular (linear) and can be used to convert any linear transducer output. The converter accuracy is limited by the precision of puting elements in the CT. Instead of a traditional resistor network, this converter uses capacitors with controlled ratios. Sampling techniques are used to errors due to voltage drift and op-amp offsets. THEORY OF OPERATION The RD-19230 is a mixed signal CMOS IC containing analog input and digital output sections. Precision analog circuitry is merged with digital logic to form a complete high-performance tracking resolver-to-digital converter. For user flexibility and convenience, the converter bandwidth, dynamics, and velocity scaling are externally set with passive components. the comprecision precisely eliminate The error processing is performed using the industry standard technique for Type II tracking converters. The DC error is integrated yielding a velocity voltage which in turn drives a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). This VCO is an incremental integrator (constant voltage input to position rate output) which, together with the velocity integrator, forms a Type II servo feedback loop. A lead in the frequency response is introduced to stabilize the loop and another lag at higher frequency is introduced to reduce the gain and ripple at the carrier frequency and above. The settings of the various error processor gains and break frequencies are done with external resistors and capacitors so that the converter loop dynamics can be easily controlled by the user. FIGURE 1 is the Functional Block Diagram of RD-19230. The analog conversion electronics require ±5 VDC power supplies, and the converter contains a charge pump to provide the user with the option of a single-ended +5 VDC supply. The converter front-end consists of differential sine and cosine input amplifiers which are protected up to ±25 V with 2 kΩ resistors and diode RB CBW VEL C BW /10 VEL SJ1 RV VEL -VCO 50 pf C VCO CT RESOLVER INPUT (θ) + R1 GAIN - VCO DEMOD 1 CS FS 11 mV/LSB ±1.25 V THRESHOLD 16 BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER DIGITAL OUTPUT (φ) H=1 FIGURE 2. TRANSFER FUNCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM #1 3 TRANSFER FUNCTION AND BODE PLOT GENERAL SETUP CONDITIONS The dynamic performance of the converter can be determined from its Transfer Function Block Diagrams and Bode Plots (open and closed loop). These are shown in FIGURES 2, 3, and 4. DDC has external component selection software which considers all the criteria below. In a simple fashion, it asks the key system parameters (carrier frequency, resolution, bandwidth, and tracking rate) needed to derive the external component values. The open loop transfer function is as follows: The following recommendations should be considered when installing the RD-19230 R/D converter: A2 S +1 B Open Loop Transfer Function = 2 S S +1 10B ( ( ) ) The components of gain coefficient are error gradient, integrator gain, and VCO gain. These can be broken down as follows: 1) In setting the bandwidth (BW) and Tracking Rate (TR) (selecting five external components), the system requirements need to be considered. For the greatest noise immunity, select the minimum BW and TR the system will allow. Selecting a fBW that is too low relative to the maximum application tracking rate can create a spin-around condition in which the converter never settles. The relationship to insure against this condition is detailed in TABLE 2. - Error Gradient = 0.011 volts per LSB (CT + Error Amp + Demod with 2 Vrms input) 2) Power supplies are ±5 VDC. For lowest noise performance it is recommended that a 0.1 µF or larger cap be connected from each supply to ground near the converter package. where A is the gain coefficient and A2=A1A2 and B is the frequency of lead compensation. - Integrator Gain = Cs Fs volts per second per volt 1.1 CBW - VCO Gain = 3) Resolver inputs and velocity output are referenced to AGND. This pin should be connected to GND near the converter package. Digital currents flowing through ground will not disturb the analog signals. 1 LSBs per second per volt 1.25 RV CVCO where: Cs = 10 pF Fs = 67 kHz when R CLK = 30 kΩ CVCO = 50 pF 4) This device has several high impedance amplifier inputs (+C, -C, +S, -S, -VCO, VEL SJ1, and VEL SJ2) that are sensitive to noise coupling. External components should be connected as close to the converter as possible. RV, RB, and CBW are selected by the user to set velocity scaling and bandwidth. 2d -1 b/o ct (CRITICALLY DAMPED) GAIN = 4 2A VELOCITY OUT ERROR PROCESSOR RESOLVER INPUT (θ) CT + e - VCO A2 S A1 S + 1 B S S +1 10B OPEN LOOP B A -6 db ω (rad/sec) 10B /oc (B = A/2) DIGITAL POSITION OUT (φ) t GAIN = 0.4 f BW = BW (Hz) = H=1 CLOSED LOOP FIGURE 3. TRANSFER FUNCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM #2 2A 2 2A FIGURE 4. BODE PLOTS 4 2A π ω (rad/sec) 5) Setup of bandwidth and velocity scaling for the optimized critically damped case should proceed as follows: Note: Use of the -5 V inverter is not recommended for applications that require the highest BW and Tracking Rates. - Select the desired f BW (closed loop) based on overall system dynamics. HIGHER TRACKING RATES AND CARRIER FREQUENCIES. - Select f carrier ≥ 3.5f BW Maximum tracking rate is limited by the velocity voltage saturation (nominally 4 V) and the maximum internal clock rate (nominally 1,333,333 Hz for R CLK = 30k). To achieve higher tracking - Select the applications tracking rate (in accordance with TABLE 3), and use appropriate values for R SET and R CLK Full Scale Velocity Voltage Tracking Rate (rps) x 2 resolution x 50 pF x 1.25 V - Compute Rv = TABLE 3. MAX TRACKING RATE (MIN) IN RPS 3.2 x Fs (Hz) x 108 - Compute CBW (pF) = Rv x (f BW)2 - Where Fs = 67 kHz for R CLK = 30 KΩ 100 kHz for R CLK = 20 KΩ 125 kHz for R CLK = 15 KΩ RESOLUTION R SET Ω) (Ω R CLK Ω) (Ω 12 14 16 30k** or open 30k 1152 288 72 18 23k 20k 1728 432 108 27 23k 15k 2304 576 10 * * 0.9 CBW x f BW - Compute RB = TABLE 4. CARRIER FREQUENCY (MAX) IN KHZ - Compute CBW 10 R CLK Ω) (Ω 10 12 14 16 30k** or open 30k 10 10 7 5 23k 30k 10 10 10 7 23k 20k 10 10 10 10 23k 15k 10 10 * * As an example: Calculate component values for a 16 bit converter with 100Hz bandwidth, a tracking rate of 10 RPS and a full scale velocity of 4 Volts. - Rv = RESOLUTION R SET Ω) (Ω * Not recommended. ** The use of a high quality thin-film resistor will provide better temperature stability than leaving open. 4V = 97655 Ω 10 rps x 216 x 50 pF x 1.25 V - Compute CBW (pF) = - Compute RB = 3.2 x 67 kHz x 108 = 21955 pF 97655 x 100 Hz2 +5V 0.9 = 410 kΩ 21955 x 10 -12 x 100 Hz 6) Using the -5V Inverter will eliminate the need for a -5 V supply. Refer to FIGURE 5. for the necessary connections. + 10 F/10V When using the built-in -5 V inverter, the maximum tracking rate should be scaled for a full-scale velocity output of 3.5 V max. TABLE 2. TRACKING/BW RELATIONSHIP RPS (MAX)/BW RESOLUTION 1 10 0.50 12 0.25 14 0.125 16 33 58 27 VDD VDD VDDP 26 PCAP 24 NCAP 23 16 17 VSSP VSS VSS 25 22 GND AGND RD-19230 47 F/10V + FIGURE 5. -5V INVERTER CONNECTIONS 5 rates, a higher internal counting rate must be programmed by setting RCLK to a value less than 30k. See TABLE 4. for the appropriate values. internal clock rate. Choose the tracking rate in accordance with TABLE 3 to insure this relationship. The rates shown in TABLE 3 are based on ~90% of the nominal internal clock rate. The Rv resistor and an internal 50pF cap are configured as an integrating circuit that resets to zero after a count occurs in either direction. This circuit acts as a VCO with velocity as its input and CB as its output. The Rv resistor and an internal 50pF cap determine the maximum rate of the VCO. Rv must be chosen such that the maximum rate of the VCO is less than the maximum The relationship between the velocity voltage and the VCO rate is given by: Velocity Voltage VCO Frequency = 1 (Rv x 50 pF x 1.25) TABLE 5. TRANSFORMERS INPUT SIGNAL INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT FREQUENCY TYPE (Vrms) (HZ) PART NUMBER FIGURE NUMBER Synchro 11.8 400 52034 6 Synchro 90 400 52035 6 Resolver 11.8 400 52036 7 Resolver 26 400 52037 7 Resolver 90 400 52038 7 Reference Reference 400 B-426* 8 Synchro Synchro 60 52039** 9 Reference Reference 60 24133** 9 * Beta Transformer ** 60 Hz synchro transformers are active (require ±15V DC power supplies) and are available in two temperature ranges; -1: -55° to +125° and -3: 0° to + 70°. 6 0.61 MAX (15.49) 0.61 MAX (15.49) 0.30 MAX (7.62) 0.15 MAX (3.81) 0.09 MAX (2.29) 0.09 MAX (2.29) 0.15 MAX (3.81) 1 3 4 5 11 12 14 15 T1A T1B 10 9 8 7 6 20 19 18 17 16 0.81 MAX (20.57) 0.600 (15.24) 0.115 MAX (2.92) SIDE VIEW 0.100 (2.54) TYP TOL NON CUM TERMINALS 0.025 –0.001 (6.35 –0.03) DIAM 0.125 (3.18) MIN LENGTH SOLDER PLATED BRASS BOTTOM VIEW BOTTOM VIEW PIN NUMBERS FOR REF. ONLY Dimensions are shown in inches (mm). T1A 1 S1 6 -SIN 10 +SIN 5 3 S3 SYNCHRO INPUT RESOLVER OUTPUT T1B S2 11 16 -COS 15 20 +COS FIGURE 6. TRANSFORMER LAYOUT AND SCHEMATIC (SYNCHRO INPUT - 52034/52035) 0.61 MAX (15.49) 0.61 MAX (15.49) 0.30 MAX (7.62) 0.15 MAX (3.81) 0.09 MAX (2.29) 0.09 MAX (2.29) 0.15 MAX (3.81) 1 3 4 5 11 12 14 15 T1A T1B 10 9 8 7 6 20 19 18 17 16 0.81 MAX (20.57) 0.600 (15.24) 0.115 MAX (2.92) SIDE VIEW 0.100 (2.54) TYP TOL NON CUM TERMINALS 0.025 –0.001 (6.35 –0.03) DIAM 0.125 (3.18) MIN LENGTH SOLDER PLATED BRASS BOTTOM VIEW BOTTOM VIEW PIN NUMBERS FOR REF. ONLY Dimensions are shown in inches (mm). T1A S1 S3 1 6 -SIN 3 10 +SIN RESOLVER INPUT RESOLVER OUTPUT T1B S4 S2 11 16 -COS 15 20 +COS FIGURE 7. TRANSFORMER LAYOUT AND SCHEMATIC (RESOLVER INPUT - 52036/52037/52038) 7 CASE IS BLACK AND NON-CONDUCTIVE 0.32 MAX (8.13) 0.61 MAX (15.49) 0.125 MIN (3.17) 0.25 (6.35) MIN. 1.14 MAX (28.96) 0.09 MAX (2.29) 0.15 MAX (3.81) 1 2 3 • • • • + S3 S1 * * +15 V (+15 V) +S (-R) * * 5 0.600 0.81 MAX (15.24) (20.57) T1A 1.14 MAX (28.96) 0.85 ±0.010 (21.59 ±0.25) 52039 or 24133 10 9 8 7 6 0.105 (2.66) SIDE VIEW 0.100 (2.54) TYP TOL NON CUM TERMINALS 0.025 ±0.001 (6.35 ±0.03) DIAM 0.125 (3.18) MIN LENGTH SOLDER-PLATED BRASS BOTTOM VIEW (RH) S2 (RL) • + * (V) V (+R) +C (-Vs) -Vs • • • (BOTTOM VIEW) 0.13 ±0.03 (3.30 ±0.76) Dimensions are shown in inches (mm). 0.21 ±0.3 (5.33 ±0.76) 0.175 ±0.010 (4.45 ±0.25) NONCUMULATIVE TOLERANCE 1 6 5 10 INPUT 0.42 (10.67) MAX. 0.040 ±0.002 DIA. PIN. SOLDER PLATED BRASS OUTPUT The mechanical outline is the same for the synchro input transformer (52039) and the reference input transformer (24133), except for the pins. Pins for the reference transformer are shown in parenthesis ( ) below. An asterisk * indicates that the pin is omitted. FIGURE 9. 60 HZ SYNCHRO AND REFERENCE TRANSFORMER DIAGRAMS (SYNCHRO INPUT - 52039 / REFERENCE INPUT - 24133) FIGURE 8. TRANSFORMER LAYOUT AND SCHEMATIC (REFERENCE INPUT - B-426) TYPICAL INPUTS FIGURES 10 through 14 illustrate typical input configurations. EXTERNAL REFERENCE LO HI 6 1 B-426 10 5 RL RH RESOLVER INPUT OPTION S1 S3 S4 S2 10 1 -S SIN -R +R +S TIA 3 6 11 20 +C -C TIB RD-19230 COS AGND 15 16 52036(11.8V) OR 52037(26V) OR 52038(90V) GND OR RL RH SYNCHRO INPUT OPTION S1 S3 S2 1 3 10 TIA 5 6 11 20 15 +S +C TIB 16 52034(11.8V) OR 52037(90V) FIGURE 10. TYPICAL TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS 8 EXTERNAL REF LO HI R1 R2 R3 See Note 3. +S S1 S2 RL RH -S SIN COS -C S3 S4 R4 +C See Note 3. A GND GND RESOLVER Notes: 1) Resistors selected to limit Vref peak to between 1.5 V and 4 V. 2) External reference LO is grounded, then R3 and R4 are not needed, and -R is connected to GND. 3) 10k ohms, 1% series current limit resistors are recommended. FIGURE 11. TYPICAL CONNECTIONS, 2 V RESOLVER, DIRECT INPUT S3 R1 +S -S SIN -C COS R2 S1 S2 R1 +C R2 S4 A GND GND 2 R2 = X Volt R1 + R2 R1 + R2 should not load the Resolver; it is recommended to use a R2 = 10 kΩ R1 + R2 Ratio erros will result in Angular errors, 2 cycle, 0.1% Ratio error = 0.029 Peak Error. FIGURE 12. TYPICAL CONNECTIONS, X- VOLT RESOLVER, DIRECT INPUT 9 SIN 3 S1 S3 1 Rf Ri -S - 2 6 Ri +S + 5 Rf 4 A GND RESOLVER INPUT S4 S2 16 COS 13 Rf Ri -C - 15 7 Ri +C + 8 10 Rf 12 CONVERTER S1 and S3, S2 and S4, and RH and RL should be ideally twisted shielded, with the shield tied to GND at the converter. For DDC-49530: Ri = 70.8 KΩ, 11.8 V input, synchro or resolver. For DDC-49590: Ri = 270 KΩ, 90 Volt input, synchro or resolver. Maximum additional error is 1 minute. When using discrete resistors: Resolver L-L voltage = Ri x 2 Vrms, where Rf ≥ 6 kΩ Rf FIGURE 13. DIFFERENTIAL RESOLVER INPUT, USING DDC-49530 (11.8 V) OR DDC-49590 (90 V) SIN 3 S1 S3 1 Rf Ri -S - 2 6 Ri +S + 5 Rf A GND SYNCHRO INPUT S2 16 Ri 7 Ri 9 4 COS 14 Rf / 3 -C 8 15 - 15 Ri /2 +C 10 Rf / 3 11 + CONVERTER S1, S2, S3 should be triple twisted shielded; RH and RL should be twisted shielded; In both cases the shield should be tied to GND at the converter. 11.8 Volt input = DDC-49530: Ri = 70.8 KΩ, 11.8 V input, synchro or resolver. 90 Volt input = DDC-49590: Ri = 270 KΩ, 90 Volt input, synchro or resolver. Maximum additional error is 1 minute. R When using discrete resistors: Resolver L-L voltage = i x 2 Vrms, where Rf ≥ 6 kΩ Rf FIGURE 14. SYNCHRO INPUT, USING DDC-49530 (11.8 V) OR DDC-49590 (90 V) 10 DC INPUTS TABLE 6. PRECHARGE AMPLIFIER GAIN PROGRAMMING As noted in TABLE 1 the RD-19230 will accept DC inputs. It is necessary to set the REF input to DC by tying RH to +5 V and RL to GND or -5 \/. UP/DN VELOCITY TRIMMING RD-19230 specifications for velocity scaling, reversal error, and offset are contained in TABLE 1. Velocity scaling and offset are externally trimmable for applications requiring tighter specifications than those available from the standard unit. FIGURE 15 shows the setup for trimming these parameters with external pots. It should also be noted that when the resolution is changed, VEL Scaling is also changed. GAIN Logic 0 4 Logic 1 1/4 -5 V 1 UP/DN The UP/DN input selects the gain of the amplifier driving the deselected set of bandwidth components. UP/DN has three input states. See TABLE 6 to relate input to gain. BENEFIT OF SWITCHING RESOLUTION ON THE FLY OPTIONAL BANDWIDTH COMPONENTS Switching resolution on the fly can be used in applications that require high resolution for accurate position control, and tracking rates or settling times that are faster than the high resolution mode will allow. The RD-19230 provides the option of using a second set of bandwidth components. The second set of components can be used for switch-on-the-fly or dual-bandwidth applications. The SHIFT and UP/DN inputs are used when when switching bandwidth components, and their operation is described below. Refer to the block diagram on page 1. The RD-19230 can track four times faster for each step down in resolution (i.e., a step from 16 bits to 14 bits). The velocity output will be scaled down by a factor of four with each step down in resolution. For example, if the velocity output is scaled such that 4 Volts = 10 RPS in 16 bit resolution, then the same converter will output 1 Volt for 10 RPS in 14 bit resolution. To avoid glitches in the velocity output, the second set of bandwidth components can be pre-charged to the expected voltage, and switched in using the SHIFT input at the same time the resolution is changed. This will allow for a smooth velocity transition, resulting in reduced errors and minimal settling time after the change. SHIFT The SHIFT pin is an input that chooses between the VEL1 and VEL2 bandwidth components. This pin has an internal pull-up to +5V. When the SHIFT pin is left open, or a logic 1 is applied, the VEL1 components are selected. When a Logic 0 is applied, the VEL2 components are selected. The deselected set of bandwidth components are driven by an amplifier, with programmable gain, that follows the velocity amplifier. This amplifier can be used to pre-charge the deselected set of components to the voltage level that is expected after a change in resolution. (See description on BENEFIT OF SWITCHING RESOLUTION ON THE FLY.) FIGURE 17 shows the way the converter behaves during a change in resolution while tracking at a constant velocity. The first illustration shows the benefits of switching in pre-charged components while changing resolution. The second illustration shows the result without the benefits of switching on the fly. The signals that have been recorded are: +5 V -VCO 2 100 RV 0.8 R V 100 kΩ (OFFSET) 1) VEL: velocity output pin on the RD-19230 -5 V 2) ERROR: this is the analog representation of the error between the input and the output of the RD-19230 RD-19230 0.4 RV (SCALING) VEL 3) D0: an input resolution control line to the RD-19230 1 4) BIT: built-in-test output pin of the RD-19230 When this system uses the switch resolution on the fly implementation, the velocity signal immediately assumes the pre- FIGURE 15. VELOCITY TRIMMING 11 charged level of the second set of components, resulting in small errors and reduced settling times. Notice that the BIT output does not indicate a fault condition. (refer to FIGURE 17) components to settle to the pre-charged level. This time will depend on the time constant of the bandwidth components being charged. If switching is limited to two adjacent resolutions (i.e., 14 and 16) then the pre-charge amplifier can be set up to continuously maintain the appropriate velocity voltage on the deselected components, resulting in the fastest possible switching times. See FIGURE 16 for an example of the input wiring connections necessary for switching on the fly between 14 and 16 bit resolution. When this system type does not use the switch resolution on the fly implementation, large errors and increased settling times result. The errors exceed 100 LSBs causing the BIT to flag for a fault condition. SWITCH ON THE FLY IMPLEMENTATION DUAL BANDWIDTHS The following steps detail switching resolution on the fly. With the second set of BW component pins, the user can set two bandwidths for the RD-19230 and choose between them. To use two bandwidths, proceed as follows: 1) The SHIFT pin should be controlled synchronously with the change in resolution. When shift is logic high, the VEL1 components will be selected. When shift is logic 0, the VEL2 components will be selected. 1) Tie UP/DN to pin -5V. 2) The second set of BW components (CBW2, RB2, CBW2/10) should typically be of the same value as the first set (CBW1, RB1, CBW1/10,) and should be installed on VEL2 and VEL SJ2. With Switch Resolution on the Fly Implemented Note: Each set of bandwidth components must be chosen to insure that the tracking rate to BW ratio (listed in TABLE 2) is not exceeded for the resolution in which it will be used. VEL 0V -5V 3) UP/DN will program the direction of the gain. If the resolution is increasing (UP/DN logic 0), the gain of the pre-charge amplifier should be set to four. If the resolution is decreasing (UP/DN logic 1), the gain should be set to 1/4. The gain of the pre-charge amplifier should be programmed prior to switching the resolution of the converter, allowing enough time for the the ERROR 0° 5V D0 0V 5V BIT 0V ERROR = 13.6 LSBs per box Without Switch Resolution on the Fly Implemented VEL +5V 0V -5V D1 ERROR RD-19230 0° 5V D0 0V D0 58 27 5V SHIFT UP/DN BIT 0V ERROR = 1500 LSBs per box FIGURE 17. BENEFIT OF SWITCHING RESOLUTION ON THE FLY FIGURE 16. INPUT WIRING - SWITCHING ON THE FLY BETWEEN 14 AND 16 BIT RESOLUTION 12 The Converter Busy (CB) signal indicates that the tracking converter output angle is changing 1 LSB. As shown in FIGURE 20, output data is valid 50 nS maximum after the middle of the CB pulse. CB pulse width is 1/40 FS, which is nominally 375 ns. 2) Choose the two bandwidths following the guidelines in the General Setup Considerations; the RV resistor must be the same value for both bandwidths. 3) Use the SHIFT pin to choose between bandwidths. A logic 1 selects the VEL1 components and a logic 0 selects the VEL2 components. INTERNAL ENCODER EMULATION The RD-19230 can be programmed to encoder emulation mode by connecting the A_QUAD_B input to GND. The U/B output pin becomes B (LSB XOR LSB + 1) The A (LSB + 1) and B output signals can be used in control systems that are designed to interface with incremental optical encoders. To enable the Zero Index pulse, ZIP_EN should be tied to GND. INHIBIT, ENABLE, AND CB TIMING The Inhibit (INH) signal is used to freeze the digital output angle in the transparent output data latch while data is being transferred. Application of an Inhibit signal does not interfere with the continuous tracking of the converter. As shown in FIGURE 18, angular output data is valid 150 ns maximum after the application of the negative inhibit pulse. The resolution of the incremental outputs is latched from the D0 and D1 inputs on the low going edge of A_QUAD_B. The resolution of the parallel data outputs may be changed any time after the encoder resolution is latched (see FIGURE 23). Output angle data is enabled onto the tri-state data bus in two bytes. Enable MSBs (EM) is used for the most significant 8 bits and Enable LSBs (EL) is used for the least significant 8 bits. As shown in FIGURE 19, output data is valid 150 ns maximum after the application of a negative enable pulse. The tri-state data bus returns to the high impedance state 100 ns maximum after the rising edge of the enable signal. Note: The encoder resolution must be less than or equal to the resolution of the parallel data outputs. Refer to FIGURE 21. The timing of the A, B and ZIP (or North Reference Pole [NRP]) output is dependent on the rate of change of the synchro/resolver position (rps or degrees per second) and the encoder resolution latched into the RD-19230 (refer to FIGURE 22). The calculations for the timing is: n = encoder resolution latched into RD-19230 INHIBIT t = 1 / ( 2n* Velocity(RPS)) ;; ;;; T = 1 / ( Velocity(RPS)) 150 nsec max DATA DATA VALID FIGURE 18. INHIBIT TIMING 250 to 750 nsec CB ENABLE 150 nsec MAX DATA HIGH Z ; ; 100 nsec MAX DATA VALID HIGH Z DATA FIGURE 19. ENABLE TIMING DATA VALID ; 50 nsec DATA VALID FIGURE 20. CONVERTER BUSY TIMING 13 SYNTHESIZED REFERENCE BUILT-IN-TEST (BIT) The synthesized reference section of the RD-19230 eliminates errors due to phase shift between the reference and signal inputs. Quadrature voltages in a resolver or synchro are by definition the resulting 90° fundamental signal in the nulled out error voltage (e) in the converter. Due to the inductive nature of synchros and resolvers, their output signals lead the reference input signal (RH and RL). When an uncompensated reference signal is used to demodulate the control transformer’s output, quadrature voltages are not completely eliminated. As shown in FIGURE 1, the converter synthesizes its own internal reference signal based on the SIN and COS signal inputs. Therefore, the phase of the synthesized (internal) reference is determined by the signal input, resulting in reduced quadrature errors. The BIT output is active low, and will be asserted during the following three error conditions: Loss of Signal (LOS) - Sin and Cos inputs both less than 500mV. Loss of Reference (LOR) - Reference Input less than 500 mV. Excessive Error - This error is detected by monitoring the demodulator output, which is proportional to the difference between the analog input and digital output. When it exceeds approximately 100 LSBs (in the selected resolution), BIT will be asserted. This condition can occur any time the analog input changes at a rate in excess of the maximum tracking rate. During power up, the converter may see a large difference between the sin/cos inputs and the digital output angle held in its counter. BIT will be asserted until the converter settles within ~ 100 LSB’s of the final result. RD-19230 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 MSB 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 BIT 16 LSB 1 6 A B FIGURE 21. INCREMENTAL ENCODER EMULATION RESOLUTION CONTROL B(X- or LSB & LSB+1) 2t D0/D1 A (LSB+1) Data Valid 50 nsec ZIP (NRP) A QUAD B t 0 T 359.95 FIGURE 23. TIMING FOR INCREMENTAL ENCODER EMULATION RESOLUTION CONTROL FIGURE 22. INCREMENTAL ENCODER EMULATION 14 LVDT MODE As shown in TABLE 1 the RD-19230 unit can be made to operate as an LVDT-to-digital converter. In this mode the RD-19230 functions as a ratiometric tracking linear converter. When linear AC inputs are applied from a LVDT the converter operates over one quarter of its range. This results in two less bits of resolution for LVDT mode than are provided in resolver mode. Data output of the RD-19230 is Binary Coded in LVDT mode. The most negative stroke of the LVDT is represented by ALL ZEROS and the most positive stroke of the LVDT is represented by ALL ONES. The most significant 2 bits (2 MSBs) may be used as overrange indicators. Positive overrange is indicated by code “01” and negative overrange is indicated by code “11“ (see TABLE 7). LDVT output signals need to be scaled to be compatible with the converter input. FIGURE 25 is a schematic of an input scaling circuit applicable to 3-wire LVDTs. The value of the scaling constant “a” is selected to provide an input of 2 Vrms at full stroke of the LVDT. The value of scaling constant “b” is selected to provide an input of 1 Vrms at null of the LVDT. Suggested components for implementing the input scaling circuit are a quad op-amp, such as a OP11 type, and precision thin-film resistors of 0.1% tolerance. FIGURE 24 illustrates a 2-wire LVDT configuration. TABLE 7. 12-BIT LVDT OUTPUT CODE FOR FIGURE 25 LVDT OUTPUT MSB + over full travel + full travel -1 LSB +0.5 travel +1 LSB null - 1 LSB -0.5 travel - full travel - over full travel 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 xxxx 1111 1100 1000 1000 0111 0100 0000 xxxx C1 SIN aR 2 WIRE LVDT REF IN -S R - R R + C2 +S FS = 2 V aR COS bR R R 2R -C R - R 2R + 2V +C R bR +RH -RL C1 = C2, set for phase lag = phase lead through the LVDT. FIGURE 24. 2-WIRE LVDT DIRECT INPUT 15 LSB xxxx 1111 0000 0000 0000 1111 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx 1111 0000 0001 0000 1111 0000 0000 xxxx aR SIN R VB -S - R' R +S + R' aR bR R 2R' R R' COS -C - VA R/2 + 2R' R' +C +RH bR -RL Notes: 1. R' ≥ 10 kΩ 2. Consideration for the value of R is LVDT loading. b= 1 = 1 VAnull VBnull a= 2 (VA - VB) max LVDT OUTPUT VA VB +FS NULL -FS RDC-19230 INPUT 2V SIN 1V SIN = 1+ a (VA - VB) 2 COS = 1- a (VA - VB) 2 FIGURE 25. 3-WIRE LVDT SCALING CIRCUIT 16 COS -FS NULL +FS TABLE 8. RD-19230 PINOUTS # NAME # NAME # NAME # NAME 1 VEL 17 VSS (-5V) 33 VDD (+5V) 49 Bit 8 2 -VCO 18 TP3 (test point) 34 N/C 50 Bit 16 3 SJ1 19 R CLK 35 Bit 9 51 A (LSB + 1) 4 SJ2 20 R SET 36 Bit 2 52 TP4 (test point) 5 SHIFT 21 ENM 37 Bit 10 53 N/C 6 VEL2 22 AGND 38 Bit 3 54 TP5 (test point) 7 TP1 (test point) 23 VSSP 39 Bit 11 55 ZIP_EN 8 VEL1 24 NCAP 40 Bit 4 56 TP6 (test point) 9 TP2 (test point) 25 GND 41 N/C 57 ENL 10 +C 26 PCAP 42 Bit 12 58 VDD (+5V) 11 COS 27 VDDP 43 Bit 5 59 UP/DN 12 -C 28 BIT 44 Bit 13 60 D0 13 +S 29 U/B 45 Bit 6 61 D1 14 SIN 30 A_QUAD_B 46 Bit 14 62 INH 15 -S 31 CB (ZI) 47 Bit 7 63 RH 16 VSS (-5V) 32 Bit 1 48 Bit 15 64 RL Notes: 1. See FIGURE 5 for +5 V only operation. 0.078+0.004 -0.002 (2.00+0.10 -0.05 ) 17 32 0.096MAX (2.45MAX) 16 33 0.0098MIN,0.0197MAX (0.25MIN,0.50MAX) 0.0197 (0.50) 0.520±0.010 (13.2±0.25) RD- 1 9 230FX - X XX 0.394±0.004 (10.00±0.10) Da t e Code pin1 48 49 0.096MAX (2.45MAX) 64 0.394±0.004 (10.00±0.10) 0.0098MIN,0.0197MAX (0.25MIN,0.50MAX) 0.007MAX (0.17MAX) 0.520±0.010 (13.2±0.25) 0.008 (0.22) 0.035+0.006 -0.004 ( 0.88+0.15 -0.10 ) Dimensions shown are in inches (millimeters) FIGURE 26. RD-19230 MECHANICAL OUTLINE 17 TABLE 9. FRONT-END THIN-FILM RESISTOR NETWORKS (SEE FIGURE 27) DDC-49530, DDC-57470 RESISTOR VALUES (11.8 V INPUTS) SYMBOL ABS VALUE TOL (%) R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 70.8 k 0.1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 REL TO REL VALUE TOL (%) TCR(PPM) R1 12 k 0.02 R4 12 k 0.02 R1 70.8 k 0.02 R1 70.8 k 0.02 R1 35.4 k 0.02 R6 6.9282 k 0.02 R6 5.0718 k 0.02 R11 5.0718 0.02 R11 6.9282 k 0.02 R1 70.8 k 0.02 DDC-49590 RESISTOR VALUES (90 V INPUTS) 270 k 0.1 R1 6k 0.02 R4 6k 0.02 R1 270 k 0.02 R1 270 k 0.02 R1 135 k 0.02 R6 3.4641 k 0.02 R6 2.5359 k 0.02 R11 2.5359 k 0.02 R11 3.4641 k 0.02 R1 270 k 0.02 25 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 15 R11 R10 R1 R2 1 25 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 2 13 R9 11 R8 R3 3 4 R7 6 +0.64 (8.26 -0.38 ) 0.100 TYP (2.54) 8 0.014 (.36) 0.342 (8.7) 0.009 (0.23) 0.018 ±0.003 (0.46 ±0.08) 7 0.299 0.406 (7.6) (10.3) 0.101 (2.6) 0.13 ±0.005 (3.30 ±0.13) 0.075 ±0.015 (1.91 ±0.38) R5 .405 45˚ +0.025 0.325 -0.015 R6 R4 5 9 7˚ 0.250 ±0.005 (6.35 ±0.13) 0.015 ±0.009 (0.38 ±0.23) 10 FIGURE 27. (DDC-49530, DDC-49590, DDC-57470) LAYOUT AND RESISTOR VALUES (SEE TABLE 9) 0.870 MAX (22.10) 0.320 - 0.300 (8.13 - 7.62) 12 0.020 MIN (0.51) 0.125 MIN (3.18) 0.050 (1.27) DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN INCHES (MM). 0.092 (2.3) 0.016 (0.40) DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN INCHES (MM). FIGURE 28. 16-PIN THIN-FILM RESISTOR NETWORK DIP MECHANICAL OUTLINE (DDC-49530, DDC-49590) FIGURE 29. 16-PIN THIN-FILM RESISTOR NETWORK FLAT-PACK MECHANICAL OUTLINE (DDC-57470) 18 ORDERING INFORMATION RD-19230FX-X X X X Supplemental Process Requirements: T = Tape and Reel (50 pc. min. order) Accuracy: 2 = 4 min + 1 LSB 3 = 2 min + 1 LSB Reliability: 0 = Standard DDC Procedures Operating Temperature Range: 2 = -40° to +85°C 3 = 0° to +70°C THIN-FILM RESISTOR NETWORKS: DDC-49530 = 11.8 V inputs DIP package DDC-57470 = 11.8 V inputs Flat-pack package DDC-49590 = 90 V inputs DIP package COMPONENT SELECTION SOFTWARE: Component selection software can be downloaded from our website ( www.ddc-web.com ) 19 The information in this data sheet is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed by Data Device Corporation for its use, and no license or rights are granted by implication or otherwise in connection therewith. Specifications are subject to change without notice. 105 Wilbur Place, Bohemia, New York 11716-2482 For Technical Support - 1-800-DDC-5757 ext. 7402 or 7413 Headquarters - Tel: (631) 567-5600 ext. 7402 or 7413, Fax: (631) 567-7358 West Coast - Tel: (714) 895-9777, Fax: (714) 895-4988 Southeast - Tel: (703) 450-7900, Fax: (703) 450-6610 United Kingdom - Tel: +44-(0)1635-811140, Fax: +44-(0)1635-32264 Ireland - Tel: +353-21-341065, Fax: +353-21-341568 France - Tel: +33-(0)1-41-16-3424, Fax: +33-(0)1-41-16-3425 Germany - Tel: +49-(0)8141-349-087, Fax: +49-(0)8141-349-089 Sweden - Tel: +46-(0)8-54490044, Fax +46-(0)8-7550570 Japan - Tel: +81-(0)3-3814-7688, Fax: +81-(0)3-3814-7689 World Wide Web - http://www.ddc-web.com PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. D-05/00-500 20