LM317M Three-Terminal Adjustable Output Positive Voltage Regulator The LM317M is an adjustable three–terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 500 mA over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation, making it essentially blow–out proof. The LM317M serves a wide variety of applications including local, on–card regulation. This device also makes an especially simple adjustable switching regulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM317M can be used as a precision current regulator. • Output Current in Excess of 500 mA • Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V • Internal Thermal Overload Protection • Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting • Output Transistor Safe–Area Compensation • Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications • Eliminates Stocking Many Fixed Voltages http://onsemi.com Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2 1 2 Vin Vout LM317M * Cin 0.1µF IAdj Vout SOT–223 ST SUFFIX CASE 318E ** +C O 1.0µF 3 DPAK DT SUFFIX CASE 369A R1 240 Adjust 3 TO–220AB T SUFFIX CASE 221A 1 Vin 2 1 2 3 Heatsink Surface (shown as terminal 4 in case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2. R2 PIN ASSIGNMENT * = Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. ** = CO is not needed for stability, however, it does improve transient response. 1 Adjust 2 Vout 3 Vin R Vout 1.25 V 1 2 IAdjR2 R1 Since IAdj is controlled to less than 100 µA, the error associated with this term is negligible in most applications. ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet. Figure 1. Simplified Application Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001 March, 2001 – Rev. 7 1 Publication Order Number: LM317M/D LM317M MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Symbol Value Unit VI–VO 40 Vdc PD θJA θJC Internally Limited 70 5.0 °C/W °C/W PD θJA θJC Internally Limited 92 5.0 °C/W °C/W PD θJA θJC Internally Limited 245 15 °C/W °C/W Operating Junction Temperature Range TJ –40 to +125 °C Storage Temperature Range Tstg –65 to +150 °C Rating Input–Output Voltage Differential Power Dissipation (Package Limitation) (Note 1.) Plastic Package, T Suffix, Case 221A TA = 25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Air Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case Plastic Package, DT Suffix, Case 369A TA = 25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Air Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case Plastic Package, ST Suffix, Case 318E TA = 25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Air Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI–VO = 5.0 V; IO = 0.1 A, TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 2.], unless otherwise noted.) Characteristics Figure Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Line Regulation (Note 3.) TA = 25°C, 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V 3 Regline – 0.01 0.04 %/V Load Regulation (Note 3.) TA = 25°C, 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ 0.5 A VO ≤ 5.0 V VO ≥ 5.0 V 4 Regload – – 5.0 0.1 25 0.5 mV % VO Adjustment Pin Current 5 IAdj – 50 100 µA Adjustment Pin Current Change 2.5 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V, 10 mA ≤ IL ≤ 0.5 A, PD ≤ Pmax 3,4 ∆IAdj – 0.2 5.0 µA Reference Voltage 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V, 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ 0.5 A, PD ≤ Pmax: 5 Vref 1.200 1.250 1.300 Line Regulation (Note 3.) 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V 3 Regline – 0.02 0.07 %/V Load Regulation (Note 3.) 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ 0.5 A VO ≤ 5.0 V VO ≥ 5.0 V 4 Regload – – 20 0.3 70 1.5 mV % VO Temperature Stability (Tlow ≤ TJ ≤ Thigh) 5 TS – 0.7 – % VO Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI–VO = 40 V) 5 ILmin – 3.5 10 mA Maximum Output Current VI–VO ≤ 15 V, PD ≤ Pmax VI–VO = 40 V, PD ≤ Pmax, TA = 25°C 5 Imax 0.5 0.15 0.9 0.25 – – RMS Noise, % of VO TA= 25°C, 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz – N – 0.003 – Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 4.) Without CAdj CAdj = 10 µF 6 RR – 66 65 80 – – Long–Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 5.) TA= 25°C for Endpoint Measurements 5 – 0.3 1.0 S V A % VO dB %/1.0 k Hrs. 1. Figure 25 provides thermal resistance versus pc board pad size. 2. Tlow to Thigh = 0° to +125°C for LM317M Tlow to Thigh = –40° to +125°C for LM317MB 3. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. 4. CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground. 5. Since Long–Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average stability from lot to lot. http://onsemi.com 2 LM317M Vin 300 300 300 3.0k 300 70 6.8V 6.8V 350 18k 130 8.67k 500 200k 6.3V 400 5.1k 180 180 2.0k 6.0k 60 10 pF 10 pF 1.25 Vout 2.4k 12.8k Figure 2. Representative Schematic Diagram http://onsemi.com 3 50 Adjust LM317M VCC VOH - VOL VOL Line Regulation (%/V) = * VIH VIL Vin LM317M 0.1µF VOH VOL Vout Adjust Cin x 100 R1 240 1% + CO IAdj RL 1.0µF R2 1% *Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. Figure 3. Line Regulation and ∆IAdj/Line Test Circuit Load Regulation (mV) = VO (min Load) -VO (max Load) Load Regulation (% VO) = Vin Vin LM317M Adjust Cin 0.1µF Vout VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) VO (min Load) X 100 VO (min Load) VO (max Load) IL R1 RL (max Load) 240 1% CO IAdj + * 1.0µF R2 1% *Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. Figure 4. Load Regulation and ∆IAdj/Load Test Circuit http://onsemi.com 4 RL (min Load) LM317M Vin Vout LM317M IL Adjust VI Cin IAdj 0.1µF 240 1% R1 Vref RL + CO 1µF VO ISET R2 1% To Calculate R2: Vout = ISET R2 + 1.250 V Assume ISET = 5.25 mA *Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. Figure 5. Standard Test Circuit 24V Vin 14V f = 120 Hz Vout LM317M Adjust Cin Vout = 10 V 240 1% R1 D1 * 1N4002 0.1µF CO R2 1.65K 1% ** CAdj + + RL 1.0µF 10µF *D1 Discharges CAdj if Output is Shorted to Ground. **CAdj provides an AC ground to the adjust pin. Figure 6. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit http://onsemi.com 5 VO LM317M 0.4 Vin = 45 V Vout = 5.0 V IL = 5.0 mA to 40 mA 0.2 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) ∆ V out , OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 90 0 -0.2 Vin = 10 V Vout = 5.0 V IL = 5.0 mA to 100 mA -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 80 Without CAdj = 10 µF 70 50 150 -50 -25 Figure 7. Load Regulation V in -Vout , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) Iout , OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 0.80 0.60 TJ = 25°C TJ = 125°C 0.20 0 0 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) IL = 500 mA 2.0 IL = 100 mA 1.5 1.0 0.5 50 -50 90 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) IB , QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 100 4.5 4.0 3.5 TJ = 25°C TJ = 125°C 2.0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 Figure 10. Dropout Voltage 5.0 2.5 150 2.5 Figure 9. Current Limit 3.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 8. Ripple Rejection 1.0 0.40 Without CAdj IL = 100 mA f = 120 Hz Vout = 10 V Vin = 14 V to 24 V 60 1.5 1.0 IL = 40 mA Vin = 5.0 V ± 1.0 VPP Vout = 1.25 V 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.5 0 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) 10 Figure 11. Minimum Operating Current 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M f, FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 12. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency http://onsemi.com 6 LM317M 1.250 1.240 Vin = 4.2 V Vout = Vref IL = 5.0 mA 1.230 1.220 -50 -25 80 IAdj, ADJUSTMENT PIN CURRENT ( µA) Vref, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 1.260 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Vin = 6.25 V Vout = Vref IL = 10 mA IL = 100 mA 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 150 -50 -0.2 75 100 125 150 -0.4 -0.6 8.0 6.0 -0.8 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 4.0 150 -50 25 50 75 100 ∆ Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) 1.5 1.0 Vout = 10 V IL = 50 mA TJ = 25°C -1.0 -1.5 1.0 CL = 1.0 µF; CAdj = 10 µF Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V INL = 50 mA TJ = 25°C CL = 0 Vin 0 10 CL = 0.3 µF; CAdj = 10 µF -3.0 0.5 20 t, TIME (µs) 150 0 -2.0 -0.5 125 2.0 -1.0 0 0 3.0 I L , LOAD CURRENT (A) CL = 1.0 µF 0.5 0 Figure 16. Output Noise 1.5 1.0 -25 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 15. Line Regulation ∆ Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) 50 Bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz 10 NOISE VOLTAGE ( µV) ∆ Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 0 -1.0 ∆ Vin , INPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (V) 25 Figure 14. Adjustment Pin Current Vin = 4.25 V to 41.25 V Vout = Vref IL = 5.0 mA 0.2 0 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 13. Temperature Stability 0.4 -25 30 40 1.0 IL 0.5 0 0 10 20 t, TIME (µs) 30 Figure 18. Load Transient Response Figure 17. Line Transient Response http://onsemi.com 7 40 LM317M APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Basic Circuit Operation External Capacitors The LM317M is a three–terminal floating regulator. In operation, the LM317M develops and maintains a nominal 1.25 V reference (Vref) between its output and adjustment terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a programming current (IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 19), and this constant current flows through R2 to ground. The regulated output voltage is given by: A 0.1 µF disc or 1.0 µF tantalum input bypass capacitor (Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line impedance. The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. A 10 µF capacitor should improve ripple rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application. Although the LM317M is stable with no output capacitance, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An output capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 µF tantalum or 25 µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output swamps this effect and insures stability. R Vout Vref 1 2 IAdj R2 R1 Since the current from the terminal (IAdj) represents an error term in the equation, the LM317M was designed to control IAdj to less than 100 µA and keep it constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output terminal. This imposes the requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise. Since the LM317M is a floating regulator, it is only the voltage differential across the circuit which is important to performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to ground is possible. Vin LM317M When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Figure 20 shows the LM317M with the recommended protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or high capacitance values (CO > 25 µF, CAdj > 5.0 µF). Diode D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj discharging through the IC during an output short circuit. The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from discharging through the IC during an input short circuit. Vout + Vref Adjust Protection Diodes R1 IPROG Vout IAdj D1 R2 1N4002 Vref = 1.25 V Typical Vin Figure 19. Basic Circuit Configuration Vout LM317M Cin R1 Vout + D2 Adjust Load Regulation The LM317M is capable of providing extremely good load regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. 1N4002 R2 CAdj Figure 20. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes http://onsemi.com 8 CO LM317M +25V Vin Vout LM317M 1.25k Adjust D1 D1 1N914 R2 500 * To provide current limiting of IO to the system ground, the source of the current limiting diode must be tied to a negative voltage below - 7.25 V. 1N4002 Vin Vin D2 1N914 Vout LM317M Adjust TTL Control 1.0k VSS* Minimum Vout = 1.25 V VO < POV + 1.25 V + VSS ILmin - IP < IO < 500 mA - IP As shown O < IO < 495 mA D1 protects the device during an input short circuit. Figure 21. Adjustable Current Limiter Vin 1.0µF MPS2222 720 Vref IOmax + IDSS Vout + 120 1N5314 Vref R2 ≥ IDSS R1 = IO VO R1 LM317M Vout Figure 22. 5 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator Vin Vout 240 LM317M R2 IAdj Adjust MPS2907 + Ioutmax = 10µF Iout R2 Vout 1N4001 50k Adjust R1 Vref R1 + R2 1.25 V + IAdj R + R 1 2 5.0 mA < Iout < 100 mA R θ JA, THERMAL RESISTANCE, JUNCTION-TO-AIR (° C/W) Figure 23. Slow Turn–On Regulator 100 Minimum Size Pad L 60 50 40 ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ 2.0 oz. Copper L 80 70 2.4 PD(max) for TA = 50°C Free Air Mounted Vertically 90 Figure 24. Current Regulator RθJA 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 280 2.0 240 1.6 200 1.2 160 0.8 120 0.4 80 0 40 2.50 PD(max) for TA = 50°C Free Air Mounted Vertically 1.25 ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ Minimum Size Pad 2.0 oz. Copper L 0.83 L 0.63 0.50 0.42 RθJA 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 0.35 L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm) L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm) Figure 25. DPAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length Figure 26. SOT–223 Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length http://onsemi.com 9 LM317M ORDERING INFORMATION Operating Temperature Range Package Shipping LM317MT Device TJ = 0°C to 125°C TO–220 50 units/rail LM317MDT TJ = 0°C to 125°C DPAK 75 units/rail LM317MDTRK TJ = 0°C to 125°C DPAK 2500 units/Tape & Reel LM317MSTT3 TJ = 0°C to 125°C SOT–223 4000 units/Tape & Reel LM317MBT TJ = –40°C to 125°C TO–220 50 units/rail LM317MBDT TJ = –40°C to 125°C DPAK 75 units/rail LM317MBDTRK TJ = –40°C to 125°C DPAK 2500 units/Tape & Reel LM317MBSTT3 TJ = –40°C to 125°C SOT–223 4000 units/Tape & Reel http://onsemi.com 10 LM317M PACKAGE DIMENSIONS T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A–09 ISSUE AA –T– B SEATING PLANE C F T S 4 DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z A Q 1 2 3 U H K Z L R V NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. J G D N INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 0.045 ----0.080 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.07 4.82 0.64 0.88 3.61 3.73 2.42 2.66 2.80 3.93 0.46 0.64 12.70 14.27 1.15 1.52 4.83 5.33 2.54 3.04 2.04 2.79 1.15 1.39 5.97 6.47 0.00 1.27 1.15 ----2.04 (SOT–223) ST SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 318E–04 ISSUE K A F NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 4 S 1 2 3 B D L G J M K http://onsemi.com 11 INCHES DIM MIN MAX A 0.249 0.263 B 0.130 0.145 C 0.060 0.068 D 0.024 0.035 F 0.115 0.126 G 0.087 0.094 H 0.0008 0.0040 J 0.009 0.014 K 0.060 0.078 L 0.033 0.041 M 0 10 S 0.264 0.287 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 6.30 6.70 3.30 3.70 1.50 1.75 0.60 0.89 2.90 3.20 2.20 2.40 0.020 0.100 0.24 0.35 1.50 2.00 0.85 1.05 0 10 6.70 7.30 LM317M PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (DPAK) DT SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 369A–13 ISSUE AA –T– C B V NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. SEATING PLANE E R 4 Z A S 1 2 3 U K F J L H D G 2 PL 0.13 (0.005) M DIM A B C D E F G H J K L R S U V Z INCHES MIN MAX 0.235 0.250 0.250 0.265 0.086 0.094 0.027 0.035 0.033 0.040 0.037 0.047 0.180 BSC 0.034 0.040 0.018 0.023 0.102 0.114 0.090 BSC 0.175 0.215 0.020 0.050 0.020 --0.030 0.050 0.138 --- MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 5.97 6.35 6.35 6.73 2.19 2.38 0.69 0.88 0.84 1.01 0.94 1.19 4.58 BSC 0.87 1.01 0.46 0.58 2.60 2.89 2.29 BSC 4.45 5.46 0.51 1.27 0.51 --0.77 1.27 3.51 --- T ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. 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