LTC4557 Dual SIM/Smart Card Power Supply and Interface U FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ DESCRIPTIO The LTC®4557 provides power conversion and signal level translation needed for 2.5G and 3G cellular telephones to interface with 1.8V or 3V subscriber identity modules (SIMs). The part meets all requirements for 1.8V and 3V SIMs. The part contains LDO regulators to power 1.8V or 3V SIM cards from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. The output voltages can be set using the two voltage selection pins and up to 50mA of load current can be supplied. Power Management and Signal Level Translators for Two SIM Cards or Smart Cards Independent 1.8V/3V VCC Control for Both Cards Automatic Level Translation ISO7816, ETSI and EMV Compatible Dynamic Pull-Ups Deliver Fast Signal Rise Times* Built-In Fault Protection Circuitry Automatic Activation/Deactivation Sequencing Circuitry Low Operating/Shutdown Current >10kV ESD on SIM Card Pins Compatible with EMV Fault Tolerance Requirements Available in 16-Lead (3mm × 3mm) QFN Package Internal level translators allow controllers operating with supplies as low as 1.2V to interface with 1.8V or 3V smart cards. Battery life is maximized by a low operating current of less than 100µA and a shutdown current of less than 1µA. Board area is minimized by the low profile 3mm × 3mm × 0.75mm leadless QFN package. U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ GSM and 3G Cellular Phones Wireless P.O.S. Terminals Multiple SAM Card Interface , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. *U.S. Patent No. 6,356,140 U ■ TYPICAL APPLICATIO VBATT DVCC 1.2V TO 4.4V 3V TO 6V DVCC Deactivation Sequence 0.1µF 0.1µF DVCC CLKIN VBATT I/OA RSTIN RSTA DATA C7 C2 C3 CLKA C1 VCCA µCONTROLLER LTC4557 1µF I/O RST 1.8V/3V SIM CLK CARD VCC GND C5 GND 1µF VCCB ENABLE CLKB M0 RSTB M1 I/OB C1 C3 C2 C7 VCC CLK 1.8V/3V SMART RST CARD I/O GND RSTX 5V/DIV CLKX 5V/DIV I/OX 5V/DIV VCCX 2V/DIV CVCCX = 1µF 10µs/DIV 4557 G07 C5 4557 TA01 4557f 1 LTC4557 W W W AXI U U ABSOLUTE RATI GS U U W PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO (Note 1) ORDER PART NUMBER ENABLE I/OB RSTB CLKB TOP VIEW LTC4557EUD 16 15 14 13 VCCB 1 12 M0 DVCC 2 11 M1 17 VBATT 3 10 CLKIN VCCA 4 6 7 8 CLKA I/OA DATA 9 5 RSTA VBATT, DVCC, DATA, RSTIN, CLKIN, ENABLE, M0, M1 to GND ............................ – 0.3V to 6V I/OA, CLKA, RSTA ........................ – 0.3V to VCCA + 0.3V I/OB, CLKB, RSTB ........................ – 0.3V to VCCB + 0.3V ICCA,B (Note 4) ...................................................... 80mA VCCA,B Short-Circuit Duration ......................... Indefinite Operating Temperature Range (Note 3) .. – 40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................... – 65°C to 125° RSTIN UD PART MARKING LAHP UD PACKAGE 16-LEAD (3mm × 3mm) PLASTIC QFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 68°C/W, θJC = 42°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND (MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB) Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VBATT = 3.3V, DVCC = 1.8V, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 5.5 V 100 100 µA µA Input Power Supply VBATT Operating Voltage IVBATT Operating Current ● VCCA = 3V, VCCB = 0V, ICCA = ICCB = 0µA VCCA = 1.8V, VCCB = 0V, ICCA = ICCB = 0µA 2.7 65 65 ● ● DVCC Operating Voltage ● 5.5 V IDVCC Operating Current ● 6 10 µA IDVCC Shutdown Current ● 0.1 1 µA DVCC = 0V ● ● 0.4 0.1 2.5 1.0 µA µA VCCA,B Output Voltage 3V Mode, 0mA < ICCA,B < 50mA 1.8V Mode, 0mA < ICCA,B < 3OmA ● ● 3.0 1.8 3.25 1.95 V V Channel Turn-On Time ICCA,B = 0mA, ● 1.3 2.5 ms VOL Low Level Output Voltage Sink Current = –200µA (Note 2) ● 0.2 V VOH High Level Output Voltage Source Current = 200µA (Note 2) ● VCCA,B – IVBATT Shutdown Current 1.2 SIM Card Supplies ENABLE to IOA/B 2.75 1.65 CLKA, CLKB V 0.2 Rise, Fall Time Loaded with 33pF (10% to 90%) (Note 2) ● 16 CLKA, CLKB Frequency (Note 2) ● VOL Low Level Output Voltage Sink Current = –200µA (Note 2) ● VOH High Level Output Voltage Source Current = 200µA (Note 2) ● VCCA,B – 10 ns MHz RSTA, RSTB 0.2 V V 0.2 Rise, Fall Time Loaded with 33pF (10% to 90%) (Note 2) ● 100 ns 4557f 2 LTC4557 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VBATT = 3.3V, DVCC = 1.8V, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VOL Low Level Output Voltage Sink Current = –1mA (VDATA = 0V) (Note 2) ● VOH High Level Output Voltage Source Current = 20µA (VDATA = VDVCC) (Note 2) ● Rise Time Loaded with 33pF (10% to 90%) (Note 2) ● 200 500 ns Short-Circuit Current VDATA = 0V (Note 2) ● 5 10 mA VOL Low Level Output Voltage Sink Current = –500µA (VI/OA,B = 0V) ● 0.3 V VOH High Level Output Voltage Source Current = 20µA (VI/OA,B = VCCA,B) ● Rise Time Loaded with 33pF (10% to 90%) ● I/OA, I/OB 0.3 0.85 • VCCA,B V V DATA 0.8 • DVCC V 200 500 ns 0.15 • DVCC V RSTIN, CLKIN, ENABLE, M0, M1 VIL Low Input Threshold ● VIH High Input Threshold ● 0.85 • DVCC Input Current (IIH, IIL) ● –1 Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: This specification applies to both 1.8V and 3V smart cards. V 1 µA Note 3: The LTC4557E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from 0°C to 70°C. Specifications over the – 40°C to 85°C operating temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. Note 4: Based on long term current density limitations. 4557f 3 LTC4557 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS I/O X Short-Circuit Current vs Temperature No Load Supply Current vs VBATT 6.0 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA) TA = 25°C ICCA = ICCB = 0µA SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 75 DROPOUT 70 VCCX = 3V 65 VCCX = 1.8V 60 55 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.1 140 VDVCC = VBATT = 5.5V VCCX = 3V 5.5 5.0 4.5 35 10 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 60 40 10 100 1000 10000 LOAD CURRENT (µA) DVCC Shutdown Current vs Supply Voltage 0.7 VDVCC = 1.8V VBATT = 5.5V TA = –40°C TO 85°C 0.6 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 2.5 TA = –40°C 2.0 100000 4557 G03 4557 G02 VBATT Shutdown Current vs Supply Voltage SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 80 0 –15 4557 G01 3.0 100 20 4.0 –40 5.5 TA = 25°C VBATT = 3.1V 120 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 80 VBATT Quiescent Current (IVBATT – ICC) vs Load Current TA = 25°C 1.5 1.0 TA = 85°C 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 2.7 3.1 4.7 3.5 3.9 4.3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.1 5.5 0 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 4557 G04 4557 G05 Deactivation Sequence, CVCCX = 1µF Data – I/O Channel, CL = 40pF I/0X 1V/DIV RSTX 5V/DIV CLKX 5V/DIV DATA 1V/DIV I/OX 5V/DIV VCCX 2V/DIV CL = 40pF 200ns/DIV 4557 G06 CVCCX = 1µF 10µs/DIV 4557 G07 4557f 4 LTC4557 U U U PI FU CTIO S DVCC (Pin 2): Power. Reference voltage for the control logic. VBATT (Pin 3): Power. Supply voltage for the analog sections of the LTC4557. VCCA/VCCB (Pins 4, 1): Card Socket. The VCCA/VCCB pins should be connected to the VCC pins of the respective card sockets. The activation of the VCCA/VCCB pins is controlled by the M0, M1 and ENABLE inputs. They can be set to 0V, 1.8V or 3V. Only one of the two, either VCCA or VCCB, may be active at a time. CLKA/CLKB (Pins 5, 16): Card Socket. The CLKA/CLKB pins should be connected to the CLK pins of the respective card sockets. The CLKA/CLKB signals are derived from the CLKIN pin. They provide a level shifted CLKIN signal to the selected card. The CLKA/CLKB pins are gated off until VCCA/VCCB attain their correct values. RSTA/RSTB (Pins 6, 15): Card Socket. The RSTA/RSTB pins should be connected to the RST pins of the respective card sockets. The RSTA/RSTB signals are derived from the RSTIN pin. When a card is selected, its RST pin follows RSTIN. The RSTA/RSTB pins are gated off until VCCA/VCCB attain their correct values. I/OA, I/OB (Pins 7, 14): Card Socket. The I/OA, I/OB pins connect to the I/O pins of the respective card sockets. When a card is selected, its I/O pin transmits/receives data to/from the DATA pin. The I/OA, I/OB pins are gated off until VCCA/VCCB attain their correct values. DATA (Pin 8): Input/Output. Microcontroller side data I/O pin. The DATA pin provides the bidirectional communication path to both cards. Only one of the cards may be selected to communicate via the DATA pin. The pin possesses a dynamically activated pull-up current source, allowing the controller to use an open-drain output. The current source maintains a HIGH state. This pin is held HIGH by a weak pull-up when the ENABLE pin is LOW. RSTIN (Pin 9): Input. The RSTIN pin supplies the reset signal to the cards. It is level shifted and transmitted directly to the RST pin of the selected card. CLKIN (Pin 10): Input. The CLKIN pin supplies the clock signal to the cards. It is level shifted and transmitted directly to the CLK pin of the selected card. M0/M1 (Pins 12, 11): Inputs. The M0 and M1 pins select which set of SIM/smart card pins are active and at which voltage level they operate. The truth table for these pins follows: M1 M0 0 0 SELECTED CARD/VOLTAGE Card A/1.8V 0 1 Card A/3V 1 0 Card B/1.8V 1 1 Card B/3V ENABLE (Pin 13): Input. The ENABLE pin shuts down the chip when LOW. EXPOSED PAD (Pin 17): Chip Ground. This ground pad must be soldered directly to a PCB ground plane. 4557f 5 LTC4557 W BLOCK DIAGRA VCCA 4 DVCC VBATT 2 3 LDOA 1 VCCB LDOB DVCC I/OA 7 14 I/OB RSTA 6 15 RSTB CLKA 5 16 CLKB DVCC DATA 8 RSTIN 9 CONTROL LOGIC CLKIN 10 17 GND 12 11 ENABLE M0 13 M1 4557 BD 4557f 6 LTC4557 U OPERATIO The LTC4557 features two independent smart card channels. Only one of these channels may operate at a time. Each channel is able to output two voltage levels: 1.8V and 3V. The channel selection and voltage selection are controlled by the ENABLE, M0 and M1 pins as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Channel and Voltage Truth Table ENABLE M1 M0 SELECTED CARD/VOLTAGE 1 0 0 Card A/1.8V 1 0 1 Card A/3V 1 1 0 Card B/1.8V 1 1 1 Card B/3V 0 X X A and B Disabled Bidirectional Channels The bidirectional channels are level shifted to the appropriate VCCA,B voltages at the I/OA,B pins. An NMOS pass transistor performs the level shifting. The gate of the NMOS transistor is biased such that the transistor is completely off when both sides have relinquished the channel. If one side of the channel asserts a LOW, then the transistor will convey the LOW to the other side. Note that current passes from the receiving side of the channel to the transmitting side. The low output voltage of the receiving side will be dependent upon the voltage at the transmitting side plus the IR drop of the pass transistor. When a card socket is selected, it becomes a candidate to drive data on the DATA pin and likewise receive data from the DATA pin. When a card socket is deselected, the voltage on its I/OA,B pin will be disabled and set to LOW. If both cards are deselected, a weak pull-up ensures that the DATA pin is held HIGH. Dynamic Pull-up Current Sources The current sources on the bidirectional pins (DATA/ I/OA,B) are dynamically activated to achieve a fast rise time with a relatively small static current. Once a bidirectional pin is relinquished, a small start-up current begins to charge the node. An edge rate detector determines if the pin is released by comparing its slew rate with an internal reference value. If a valid transition is detected, a large pull-up current enhances the edge rate on the node. The higher slew rate corroborates the decision to charge the node thereby affecting a dynamic form of hysteresis. Reset Channels When a card is selected, the reset channel provides a level shifted path from the RSTIN pin to the RSTA,B pin. When a card is deselected its reset pin is pulled LOW. LOCAL SUPPLY + VREF ISTART – dv dt 4557 F01 BIDIRECTIONAL PIN Figure 1. Dynamic Pull-Up Current Source 4557f 7 LTC4557 U OPERATIO Activation/Deactivation Activation and deactivation sequencing is handled by built-in circuitry. The activation sequence is initiated by bringing the ENABLE pin HIGH. The activation sequence is outlined below: 3. The I/O channel is disabled and the I/O pin is brought LOW approximately 9µs after the ENABLE is brought LOW. 4. VCC will be depowered after the I/O pin is brought LOW. 1. The RST, CLK and I/O pins are held LOW. The activation or deactivation sequences will take place every time a card socket is enabled or disabled. 2. VCC is enabled. Fault Protection 3. After VCC is stable at its selected level, The I/O and RST channels are enabled. The VCC, I/O, RST and CLK pins are all protected against short-circuit faults. While there are no logic outputs to indicate that a fault has occurred, these pins will be able to tolerate the fault condition until it has been removed. 4. The clock channel is enabled on the rising edge of the second clock cycle after the I/O pin is enabled. The deactivation sequence is initiated by bringing the ENABLE pin LOW. The deactivation sequence is outlined below: 1. The reset channel is disabled and RST is brought LOW. The VCCA,B, I/OA,B, and RSTA,B pins possess fault protection circuitry which will limit the current available to the pins. Each VCC pin is capable of supplying approximately 90mA (typ) before the output voltage is reduced. 2. The clock channel is disabled and the CLK pin is brought LOW two clock cycles after ENABLE is brought LOW. If the clock is not running, the clock channel will be disabled approximately 9µs after the ENABLE pin is brought LOW. The CLKA,B pins are designed to tolerate faults by reducing the current drive capability of their output stages. After a fault is detected by the internal fault detection logic, the logic waits for a fault detection delay to elapse before reducing the current drive capability of the output stage. 4557f 8 LTC4557 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO 10kV ESD Protection capacitors can be compared directly by case size rather than specified value for a desired minimum capacitance. All smart card pins (CLKA,B, RSTA,B, I/OA,B, VCCA,B and GND) can withstand over 10kV of human body model ESD in-situ. In order to ensure proper ESD protection, careful board layout is required. The GND pad should be tied directly to a ground plane. The VCCA,B capacitors should be located very close to the VCCA,B pins and tied immediately to the ground plane. The VCCA,B outputs should be bypassed to GND with a 1µF capacitor. VBATT should be bypassed with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor. Capacitors should be placed as close to the LTC4557 as possible for improved ESD tolerance. The following capacitors are recommended for use with the LTC4557: Capacitor Selection A total of four capacitors are required for proper bypassing of the LTC4557. An input bypass capacitor is required at VBATT and DVCC. Output bypass capacitors are required on each of the smart card VCCA,B pins. Due to their extremely low equivalent series resistance (ESR), only multilayer ceramic chip capacitors should be used to ensure proper stability and ESD protection. TYPE VALUE CVCC, VCCA/B X5R 1µF CASE SIZE MURATA PART NUMBER 0603 GRM188R60J105KA01 CDVCC, DVCC X5R 0.1µF 0402 GRM155R61A104KA01 Compliance Testing Inductance due to long leads on type approval equipment can cause ringing and overshoot that leads to testing problems. Small amounts of capacitance and damping resistors can be included in the application without compromising the normal electrical performance of the LTC4557 or smart card system. Generally a 100Ω resistor and a 20pF capacitor will accomplish this as shown in Figure 2. There are several types of ceramic capacitors available each having considerably different characteristics. For example, X7R/X5R ceramic capacitors have excellent voltage and temperature stability but relatively low packing density. Y5V ceramic capacitors have apparently higher packing density but poor performance over their rated voltage or temperature ranges. Under certain voltage and temperature conditions Y5V and X7R/X5R ceramic 1µF C1 VCCX CLKX LTC4557 RSTX 0.1µF 100Ω 100Ω 20pF C3 SMART CARD C2 SOCKET 100Ω 20pF I/OX 20pF C7 C5 4557 F02 Figure 2. Additional Components for Improved Compliance Testing 4557f 9 LTC4557 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Shutdown Modes Ultralow Shutdown Current The LTC4557 can enter a low current shutdown mode by one of two methods. First, the ENABLE pin can be brought LOW by the controller to directly shut down the part. The other way is to lower DVCC below 1.2V, at which point the power-on-reset circuit automatically puts the part into shutdown mode. In either of the two shutdown modes, the shutdown current is less than 1µA. For applications that require virtually zero shutdown current, the DVCC pin can be grounded. This will reduce the VBATT current to well under a single microampere. 4557f 10 LTC4557 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO UD Package 16-Lead Plastic QFN (3mm × 3mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1691) 0.70 ±0.05 3.50 ± 0.05 1.45 ± 0.05 2.10 ± 0.05 (4 SIDES) PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ±0.05 0.50 BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS 3.00 ± 0.10 (4 SIDES) BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD 0.23 TYP R = 0.115 (4 SIDES) TYP 15 16 0.75 ± 0.05 PIN 1 TOP MARK (NOTE 6) 0.40 ± 0.10 1 1.45 ± 0.10 (4-SIDES) 2 (UD) QFN 0603 0.200 REF 0.00 – 0.05 NOTE: 1. DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-220 VARIATION (WEED-2) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC 4557f Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 11 LTC4557 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO VBATT DVCC 1.2V TO 4.4V 3V TO 6V DVCC C3 2 0.1µF DVCC 10 CLKIN 9 RSTIN 8 DATA µCONTROLLER LTC4557 GND 13 12 11 VCCB ENABLE CLKB M0 RSTB M1 C4 0.1µF 3 VBATT 5 CLKA 6 RSTA 7 I/OA 4 VCCA I/OB C7 C2 C3 C1 17 C1 1µF 1 C2 1µF CLK RST 1.8V/3V SIM I/O CARD VCC GND C5 C1 16 C3 15 C2 14 C7 VCC CLK 1.8V/3V SMART RST CARD I/O GND C5 4557 TA02 RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC1514 50mA, 650kHz, Step-Up/Down Charge Pump with Low-Battery Comparator VIN: 2.7V to 10V, VOUT = 3V/5V, IQ = 60µA, ISD = 10µA, SO-8 LTC1515 50mA, 650kHz, Step-Up/Down Charge Pump with Power On Reset VIN: 2.7V to 10V, VOUT = 3.3V or 5V, IQ = 60µA, ISD < 1µA, SO-8 LTC1555/LTC1556 SIM Power Supply and Level Translator for 3V/5V SIM Cards VIN: 2.7V to 10V, VOUT = 3V/5V, Frequency = 650kHz, IQ = 60µA, ISD < 1µA, SSOP16, SSOP20 LTC1555L SIM Power Supply and Level Translator for 3V/5V SIM Cards VIN: 2.6V to 6.6V, VOUT = 3V/5V, Frequency = 1MHz, IQ = 40µA, ISD < 1µA, SSOP16 LTC1555L-1.8 SIM Power Supply and Level Translator for 1.8V/3V/5V SIM Cards VIN: 2.6V to 6.6V, VOUT = 1.8V/3V/5V, Frequency = 1MHz, IQ = 32µA, ISD < 1µA, SSOP16 LTC1755/LTC1756 Smart Card Interface with Serial Control for 3V/5V Smart Card Applications VIN: 2.7V to 7V, VOUT = 3V/5V, IQ = 60µA, ISD < 1µA, SSOP16, SSOP24 LTC1955 Dual Smart Card Interface with Serial Control for 1.8V/3V/5V Smart Card Applications VIN: 3V to 6V, VOUT = 1.8V/3V, IQ = 200µA, ISD < 1µA, QFN32 LTC1986 SIM Power Supply for 3V/5V SIM Cards VIN: 2.6V to 4.4V, VOUT = 3V/5V, Frequency = 900kHz, IQ = 14µA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT LTC3250-1.5 250mA, 1.5MHz, High Efficiency Step-Down Charge Pump 85% Efficiency, VIN: 3.1V to 5.5V, VOUT = 1.2V/1.5V, IQ = 35µA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT LTC3251 500mA, 1MHz to 16MHz, Spread Spectrum Step-Down Charge Pump 85% Efficiency, VIN: 3.1V to 5.5V, VOUT: 0.9V to 1.6V, 1.2V/1.5V, IQ = 9µA, ISD < 1µA, MS10 LTC4555 SIM Power Supply and Level Translator for 1.8V/3V SIM Cards VIN: 3V to 6V, VOUT = 1.8V/3V, IQ = 40µA, ISD < 1µA, QFN16 LTC4556 Smart Card Interface with Serial Control for 1.8V/3V/5V VIN: 2.7V to 5.5V, VOUT = 1.8V/3V/5V, IQ = 250µA, ISD < 1µA, QFN24 4557f 12 Linear Technology Corporation LT/TP 0204 1K • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2004