ADS1208 SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 2nd-Order Delta-Sigma Modulator with Excitation for Hall Elements FEATURES DESCRIPTION • • • • • • • The ADS1208 is a 2nd-order ∆Σ (delta-sigma) modulator operating at a 10MHz clock rate. The specified input range is ±100mV, optimized for current measurement with a Hall sensor, especially in motor control applications. The ADS1208 contains a programmable current source for sensor biasing and has integrated input buffers for fast settling of the sample capacitors; it also requires only a minimum of external components. The differential analog input offers low noise and excellent common-mode rejection. ±100mV Specified Input Range ±125mV Full-Scale Range 95dB typ. CMR, 82dB typ. SNR Adjustable Current Output for Sensor Biasing Digital Output Compatible to ADS1202/03 Differential Digital Outputs Separate 2.7V to 5.5V Digital Supply Pin APPLICATIONS • • • • • Motor Control Current Measurement Hall Sensors Bridge Sensors Instrumentation AVDD BVDD AVDD ADS1208 IADJ IOUT REFOUT Internal 2.5V Reference Buffer REFIN Buffer VIN+ Buffer 2nd−Order ∆Σ Modulator VIN− Interface Circuit Buffer M0 RC Oscillator 20MHz AGND MDATA MDATA MCLK MCLK M1 BGND Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2005, Texas Instruments Incorporated ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. Package/Ordering Information For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) ADS1208I UNIT Supply voltage, AGND to AVDD –0.3 to +6 V Supply voltage, BGND to BVDD –0.3 to +6 V Analog input voltage with respect to AGND AGND – 0.3 to AVDD + 0.3 V Reference input voltage with respect to AGND AGND – 0.3 to AVDD + 0.3 V Digital input voltage with respect to BGND BGND – 0.3 to BVDD + 0.3 V Ground voltage difference AGND to BGND ±0.3 V Input current to any pin except supply ±10 mA Power dissipation See Dissipation Ratings Table Operating virtual junction temperature range, TJ –40 to +150 °C Operating free-air temperature range, TA –40 to +85 °C Storage temperature range, TSTG –65 to +150 °C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS PARAMETER Supply voltage, AGND to AVDD Supply voltage, BGND to BVDD NOM MAX 4.5 5.0 5.5 UNIT V Low-voltage levels 2.7 3.6 V 5V logic levels 4.5 5.0 5.5 V 0.5 2.5 3.0 V +VREFIN /20 V Reference input voltage Analog inputs MIN VIN+– VIN- –VREFIN /20 DISSIPATION RATINGS TABLE BOARD PACKAGE Low-K (1) High-K (2) (1) (2) 2 RθJC RθJA PW 35°C/W 147°C/W PW 33.6°C/W 108.4°C TA≤ 25°C POWER RATING TA = 70°C POWER RATING TA = 85°C POWER RATING 6.8mW/°C 850mW 544mW 442mW 9.225W/°C 1150mW 738mW 600mW DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA = 25°C The JEDEC low-K (1s) board used to derive this data was a 3in x 3in, two-layer board with 2-ounce copper traces on top of the board. The JEDEC high-K (2s2p) board used to derive this data was a 3in x 3in, multilayer board with 1-ounce internal power and ground planes and 2-ounce copper traces on top and bottom of the board. ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Over recommended operating free-air temperature range at –40°C to +85°C, AVDD = BVDD = +5V, VREF = internal +2.5V, Mode 3, MCLK input = 20MHz, differential input voltage = 200mVPP, common-mode voltage = 1.4V, and 16-bit Sinc3 filter with OSR = 256, unless otherwise noted. ADS1208I PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Resolution MIN TYP (1) MAX 16 UNIT Bits DC Accuracy Integral nonlinearity (2) 16-bit resolution Integral nonlinearity Differential nonlinearity (3) 16-bit resolution Input offset (4) –8 1.6 8 –0.012 0.0025 0.012 –1.0 Gain error (4) Referenced to voltage at REFIN Gain error drift Referenced to voltage at REFIN LSB 0 mV –1.4 2.0 8.0 –1.25 –0.7 1.25 Power-supply rejection ratio % 1.0 –2.0 Input offset drift LSB µV/°C % 15 ppm/°C 66 dB Analog Input Full-scale range VIN+– VIN– Operating common-mode signal –125 0.8 125 1.4 2.5 mV V Input capacitance 5.0 pF Common-mode rejection 95 dB Current Source (IOUT) Output current (5) IOUT 1.0 Voltage at IOUT pin VOUT 0 Voltage between AVDD pin and IADJ 5.0 8.0 AVDD – 1.0 VADJ at IOUT = 1mA to 8mA 480 500 520 REFOUT 2.45 2.5 2.55 mA V mV Internal Voltage Reference Reference output voltage Reference temperature drift 20 Output resistance 0.3 Output source current V ppm/°C Ω 3.0 mA Power-supply rejection ratio 60 dB Startup time 0.1 ms Voltage Reference Input Reference voltage input REFIN 0.5 Reference input capacitance Reference input current 3.0 5 -50 V pF +50 nA 12.0 MHz 24.0 MHz Internal Clock for Modes 0, 1 and 2 Clock frequency 8.0 10.1 External Clock for Mode 3 Clock frequency (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1.0 All values are at TA = 25°C. Integral nonlinearity is defined as the maximum deviation of the line through the end points of the specified input range of the transfer curve for VIN+– VIN– = –100mV to +100mV, expressed either as the number of LSBs or as a percent of the measured input range (200mV). Ensured by design. Maximum values, including temperature drift, are ensured over the full specified temperature range. It is possible to leave pin IOUT unconnected (IOUT = 0mA). 3 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Over recommended operating free-air temperature range at –40°C to +85°C, AVDD = BVDD = +5V, VREF = internal +2.5V, Mode 3, MCLK input = 20MHz, differential input voltage = 200mVPP, common-mode voltage = 1.4V, and 16-bit Sinc3 filter with OSR = 256, unless otherwise noted. ADS1208I PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT AC Accuracy SNR VIN = 200mVPP at 1kHz 80 82 dB SINAD VIN = 200mVPP at 1kHz 77 81.5 dB THD VIN = 200mVPP at 1kHz SFDR VIN = 200mVPP at 1kHz –91 80 –80 93 dB dB Digital Inputs (6) Logic family CMOS VIH High-level input voltage 0.7 x BVDD BVDD + 0.3 V VIL Low-level input voltage –0.3 0.3 x BVDD V IIN Input current 50 nA CI Input capacitance VIN = BVDD or GND –50 5 pF Digital Outputs (6) Logic family CMOS VOH High-level output voltage BVDD = 4.5V, IOH = –100µA VOL Low-level output voltage BVDD = 4.5V, IOL = +100µA CL Load capacitance 4.44 Data format V 0.5 V 30 pF V Bit stream Digital Inputs (7) Logic family LVCMOS VIH High-level input voltage BVDD = 3.6V 2 BVDD + 0.3 VIL Low-level input voltage BVDD = 2.7V –0.3 0.8 V IIN Input current VIN = BVDD or GND –50 50 nA CI Input capacitance Digital 5 pF Outputs (7) Logic family LVCMOS VOH High-level output voltage BVDD = 2.7, IOH = –100µA VOL Low-level output voltage BVDD = 2.7, IOL = +100µA CL Load capacitance BVDD – 0.2 Data format V 0.2 V 30 pF V Bit stream Power Supply Analog supply voltage, AVDD 4.5 5.0 5.5 Digital interface supply voltage, BVDD 2.7 5 5.5 V Modes 0, 1 and 2 11.9 15.0 mA Operating supply current, AIDD Mode 3 11.5 14.5 mA Operating supply current, BIDD Modes 0, 1 and 2 2.3 3.0 mA Operating supply current, BIDD Mode 3 1.3 2.0 mA Power dissipation Modes 0, 1 and 2 71 90 mW Power dissipation Mode 3 64 82.5 mW Operating supply current, AIDD (6) (7) 4 Applicable for 5.0V nominal supply; BVDD (min) = 4.5V and BVDD (max) = 5.5V. Applicable for 3.0V nominal supply; BVDD (min) = 2.7V and BVDD (max) = 3.6V ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION tC1 MCLK tW1 tD1 MDATA Figure 1. Mode 0 Operation TIMING CHARACTERISTICS: MODE 0 Over recommended operating free-air temperature range at –40°C to +85°C, and AVDD = +5V, BVDD = +2.7 to +5.5V, unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER tC1 Clock period tW1 Clock high time tD1 Data delay after rising edge of clock MIN MAX UNIT 83 125 ns (tC1 /2) – 5 (tC1 /2) + 5 ns –2 +2 ns tC2 MCLK tW2 tD2 tD3 MDATA Figure 2. Mode 1 Operation TIMING CHARACTERISTICS: MODE 1 Over recommended operating free-air temperature range at –40°C to +85°C, and AVDD = +5V, BVDD = +2.7 to +5.5V, unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER MIN MAX UNIT tC1 Clock period 166 250 ns tW2 Clock high time (tC2 /2) – 5 (tC2 /2) + 5 ns tD2 Data delay after rising edge of clock (tW2 /2) – 2 (tW2 /2) + 2 ns tD3 Data delay after falling edge of clock (tW2 /2) – 2 (tW2 /2) + 2 ns 5 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 tC 1 Internal MCLK tW 1 Internal MDATA 1 0 1 1 0 0 MDATA Figure 3. Mode 2 Operation TIMING CHARACTERISTICS: MODE 2 Over recommended operating free-air temperature range at –40°C to +85°C, and AVDD = +5V, BVDD = +2.7 to +5.5V, unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER tC1 Clock period tW1 Clock high time MIN MAX UNIT 83 125 ns (tC1 /2) – 5 (tC1 /2) + 5 ns tC 4 M C LK tW 4 tD 4 M C LK M D AT note: MCLK is system clock input. MCLK is modulator clock output. Modulator clock frequency is half of system clock frequency. Figure 4. Mode 3 Operation TIMING CHARACTERISTICS: MODE 3 Over recommended operating free-air temperature range at –40°C to +85°C, and AVDD = +5V, BVDD = +2.7 to +5.5V, unless otherwise noted. MIN MAX UNIT tC4 Clock period PARAMETER 41 1000 ns tW4 Clock high time 10 tC4 – 10 ns tD4 Data and output clock delay after falling edge of input clock 0 10 ns tR Rise time of clock (10% to 90% of BVDD) 0 10 ns tF Fall time of clock (90% to 10% of BVDD) 0 10 ns 6 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 DEVICE INFORMATION 16-LEAD TSSOP PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) IOUT 1 16 BVDD IADJ 2 15 BGND AVDD 3 14 MCLK VIN+ 4 VIN− 5 12 MDATA AGND 6 11 MDATA REFIN 7 10 M0 REFOUT 8 9 13 MCLK ADS1208 M1 Table 1. TERMINAL FUNCTIONS PIN DESCRIPTION NO. NAME 1 IOUT Current output for sensor 2 IADJ Output current adjustment 3 AVDD Analog supply 4 VIN+ Positive input 5 VIN– Negative input 6 AGND Analog ground 7 REFIN Reference input 8 REFOUT 9 M1 Mode selection input 10 M0 Mode selection input 11 MDATA Inverted data output 12 MDATA Noninverted data output 13 MCLK Inverted clock output (Modes 0, 1); Clock input (Mode 3) 14 MCLK Noninverted clock output 15 BGND Digital interface ground 16 BVDD Digital interface supply (2.7V to 5.5V) Reference output 7 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM +5V IOUT R2 RADJ IADJ BGND AVDD MCLK VIN+ R3 R4 BVDD +5V 100nF Hall Element R1 10µF 100nF ADS1208 10µF MCLK VIN− MDATA AGND MDATA REFIN M0 REFOUT M1 1kΩ 100nF A. For Functional configuration (Mode 0), possible Hall elements include the Toshiba THS119 and the Philips KMZ10. Figure 5. Functional Configuration (Mode 0) 8 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS At 25°C, AVDD = BVDD = +5V, VREF = internal +2.5V, Mode 3, MCLK input = 20MHz, differential input voltage = 200mVPP, common-mode voltage = 1.4V, and 16-bit Sinc3 filter with OSR = 256, unless otherwise noted. INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY vs INPUT SIGNAL (Mode 0) INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY vs INPUT SIGNAL (Mode 3, MCLK = 20MHZ) 6 4 3 4 2 3 1 INL (LSB) INL (LSB) +25 C 5 2 +85 C 1 +85 C −40C 0 +25 C −1 −2 0 −40 C −1 −2 −100 −80 −60 −40 −20 0 −3 20 40 60 80 −4 −100 −80 −60 −40 −20 100 Differential Input Signal (mV) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Differential Input Signal (mV) Figure 6. Figure 7. INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY vs TEMPERATURE GAIN ERROR vs TEMPERATURE 0 6 M0 −0.1 5 −0.2 Gain Error (%) INL (LSB) 4 3 M3 2 −0.3 −0.4 −0.5 M0 −0.6 1 −0.7 0 −0.8 −40 M3 −40 −20 0 +20 +40 +60 +80 −20 0 Figure 9. OFFSET vs TEMPERATURE OFFSET vs POWER SUPPLY 0 0 −0.2 +60 +80 −0.4 −0.4 −0.6 Offset (mV) Offset (mV) +40 Figure 8. −0.2 −0.8 −1.0 M0 −1.2 −0.6 −0.8 −1.0 M0 −1.2 −1.4 −1.4 −1.6 −40 +20 Temperature (C) Temperature (C) −20 M3 −1.6 M3 0 +20 +40 Temperature (C) Figure 10. +60 +80 −1.8 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 Power Supply (V) Figure 11. 9 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At 25°C, AVDD = BVDD = +5V, VREF = internal +2.5V, Mode 3, MCLK input = 20MHz, differential input voltage = 200mVPP, common-mode voltage = 1.4V, and 16-bit Sinc3 filter with OSR = 256, unless otherwise noted. SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO vs TEMPERATURE 85 85 84 84 83 83 M0 SINAD (dB) SNR (dB) SIGNAL-TO-NOISE AND DISTORTION vs TEMPERATURE 82 M3 81 M3 82 81 80 80 79 79 M0 78 78 −40 −20 0 +20 +40 +60 −40 +80 −20 0 +40 +60 +80 Temperature (C) Figure 12. Figure 13. SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO vs DECIMATION RATIO EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS vs DECIMATION RATIO 100 16 90 14 80 12 Sincfast 70 Sinc3 60 Sinc2 ENOB (BIts) SNR (dB) +20 Temperature (C) 50 40 Sinc2 10 8 Sinc1 6 Sinc3 30 4 20 2 10 0 0 1 10 100 Decimation Ratio (OSR) Figure 14. 10 1000 1 10 100 Decimation Ratio (OSR) Figure 15. 1000 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At 25°C, AVDD = BVDD = +5V, VREF = internal +2.5V, Mode 3, MCLK input = 20MHz, differential input voltage = 200mVPP, common-mode voltage = 1.4V, and 16-bit Sinc3 filter with OSR = 256, unless otherwise noted. −105 105 −105 100 −100 100 −100 95 −95 90 −90 SFDR 85 THD 80 −40 −20 0 +20 +40 +60 SFDR (dB) 105 −95 95 SFDR THD 90 −90 −85 85 −85 −80 80 −80 −40 +80 THD (dB) SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE AND TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs TEMPERATURE (Mode 3) THD (dB) SFDR (dB) SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE AND TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY (Mode 1) −20 0 +20 +40 +60 +80 Temperature ( C) Temperature (C) Figure 16. Figure 17. SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE AND TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY (Mode 1) SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE AND TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION vs TEMPERATURE (Mode 3) −105 105 −105 105 SFDR −100 100 −100 100 −95 95 THD 90 −90 −85 85 −85 −80 80 THD (dB) −90 90 SFDR (dB) −95 95 THD (dB) SFDR (dB) SFDR THD 85 80 0 5 10 fSIG (kHz) Figure 18. 15 20 −80 0 5 10 15 20 fSIG (kHz) Figure 19. 11 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At 25°C, AVDD = BVDD = +5V, VREF = internal +2.5V, Mode 3, MCLK input = 20MHz, differential input voltage = 200mVPP, common-mode voltage = 1.4V, and 16-bit Sinc3 filter with OSR = 256, unless otherwise noted. FREQUENCY SPECTRUM (4096 POINT FFT, fIN = 5kHz) 0 0 −20 −20 −40 −40 Magnitude (dB) Magnitude (dB) FREQUENCY SPECTRUM (4096 POINT FFT, fIN = 1kHz) −60 −80 −100 −120 −80 −100 −120 −140 −140 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz) Figure 20. Figure 21. COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY 110 20 90 105 85 M3 100 80 95 M0 90 PSRR (dB) CMRR (dB) −60 85 80 75 M0 70 65 M3 75 60 70 55 65 60 50 1 10 100 1000 0.1 1 10 100 Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz) Figure 22. Figure 23. CLOCK FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE CLOCK FREQUENCY vs POWER SUPPLY 10.6 1000 10.20 10.5 10.4 10.15 MCLK (MHz) MCLK (MHz) 10.3 10.2 10.1 10.0 10.10 10.05 9.9 9.8 10.00 9.7 9.6 −40 −20 0 +20 +40 Temperature (C) Figure 24. 12 +60 +80 9.95 4.50 4.75 5.00 VDD (V) Figure 25. 5.25 5.50 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At 25°C, AVDD = BVDD = +5V, VREF = internal +2.5V, Mode 3, MCLK input = 20MHz, differential input voltage = 200mVPP, common-mode voltage = 1.4V, and 16-bit Sinc3 filter with OSR = 256, unless otherwise noted. ANALOG POWER SUPPLY CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE DIGITAL POWER SUPPLY CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 14 3.0 13 2.5 M0 M0 2.0 I DD (mA) I DD (mA) 12 M3 11 10 1.0 9 0.5 8 M3 0 −40 −20 0 +20 +40 +60 −40 +80 0 +20 +60 +80 Figure 26. Figure 27. REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs POWER SUPPLY 2.5000 2.4998 2.4998 2.4996 2.4996 2.4994 2.4994 2.4992 2.4992 2.4990 2.4988 2.4990 2.4988 2.4986 2.4986 2.4984 2.4984 2.4982 2.4982 2.4980 −20 2.4980 0 +20 +40 +60 +80 3.0 3.5 4.0 Temperature ( C) 4.5 5.0 5.5 Figure 28. Figure 29. REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOAD CURRENT CURRENT SOURCE REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs LOAD VOLTAGE (I = 8mA) 2.525 499.2 2.520 499.1 2.515 499.0 2.510 498.9 2.505 2.500 2.495 2.490 6.0 VDD (V) VREF (mV) VREF (V) +40 Temperature (C) 2.5000 −40 −20 Temperature (C) VREF (V) VREF (V) 1.5 4.5V VDD = 5.5V VDD = 4.5V 498.8 498.7 498.6 VDD = 5.0V 498.5 5.5V 498.4 2.485 5.0V 2.480 498.3 498.2 2.475 −5 0 5 10 15 20 0 1 2 3 IOUT (mA) VOUT (V) Figure 30. Figure 31. 4 5 6 13 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At 25°C, AVDD = BVDD = +5V, VREF = internal +2.5V, Mode 3, MCLK input = 20MHz, differential input voltage = 200mVPP, common-mode voltage = 1.4V, and 16-bit Sinc3 filter with OSR = 256, unless otherwise noted. CURRENT SOURCE REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs POWER SUPPLY (I = 8mA) 499.2 499.2 499.1 499.1 499.0 499.0 498.9 498.9 VADJ (mV) VADJ (mV) CURRENT SOURCE REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE (I = 8mA) 498.8 498.7 498.6 498.8 498.7 498.6 498.5 498.5 498.4 498.4 498.3 498.3 498.2 −40 −20 0 +20 +40 +60 498.2 4.00 +80 4.25 4.50 Figure 32. 10 9 8 RMS Noise (µV) 5.00 Figure 33. RMS NOISE vs INPUT VOLTAGE LEVEL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 −125 −100 −75 −50 −25 0 25 50 Differential Input Voltage (V) Figure 34. 14 4.75 VDD (V) Temperature ( C) 75 100 125 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 APPLICATION INFORMATION GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADS1208 is a 2nd-order delta-sigma modulator, which is implemented with a switched capacitor circuit. The analog input signal is continuously sampled by the modulator and compared to an internal voltage reference. A digital bit stream, which accurately represents the analog input voltage over time, appears at the output of the converter. The ADS1208 is optimized for Hall sensors and similar applications. As a result, the full-scale input range is ±VREFIN/20, which is typically ±125mV. However, to achieve good noise and linearity, only 80% of this range should be used (±100mV). The analog input pins (VIN+ and VIN-) are internally buffered with two low-noise, high bandwidth, low offset amplifiers. A current source is also integrated into the ADS1208 that can be used for biasing a Hall element or bridge sensor. This current can be programmed with a resistor that must be placed between AVDD and IADJ. Additionally, the ADS1208 includes a reference voltage source with a buffered output. A reference input pin is provided as well. The voltage at the REFIN pin sets the analog input range. The device digital interface is fully compatible with the ADS1202 and ADS1203. The ADS1208 also provides inverted outputs of MCLK and MDATA (MCLK and MDATA, respectively) to increase noise immunity for the digital data transmission. The clock source can be internal as well as external. Different clock frequencies in combination with an optional digital filter enable a variety of solutions and signal bandwidths. Figure 5 (page 8) shows the functional block diagram with external circuitry. The Hall element is biased from the internal current source. The current is set by resistor RADJ. An offset compensation of the Hall element is enabled by the optional resistors R1 to R4. The analog inputs VIN+ and VIN– are directly connected with the Hall element outputs. The reference input REFIN is connected to the reference output REFOUT with an optional RC low-pass filter, for additional noise filtering. For both power-supply pairs, AVDD and BVDD, decoupling capacitors of 100nF and 10µF (respectively) are recommended. ANALOG SECTION Modulator The 2nd-order modulator acts as a filter. The input signal is low-passed while the quantization noise is shifted to higher frequencies. A digital low-pass filter should be used at the output of the delta-sigma modulator. The primary purpose of the digital filter is to remove high-frequency noise. The secondary purpose is to convert the 1-bit data stream at a high sampling rate into a higher-bit data word at a lower rate (that is, decimation). A digital signal processor (DSP), microcontroller (µC), or field programmable gate array (FPGA) could be used to implement the digital filter. Analog Inputs The internal sampling capacitors present a very significant load that needs to be recharged within 50ns. The ADS1208 provides two input buffers to decouple the sampling capacitors from the pins (VIN+, VIN–). These buffers provide a high bandwidth (typically, 50MHz) at a low noise and low offset. This configuration improves the system performance significantly, if the input source has a high impedance in the kΩ range. A source impedance in this range without buffers would decrease THD and linearity significantly, and would also cause a gain error that changes with supply or temperature. The input buffers have an auto zero function to reduce the input offset. The auto zero switches of the input buffers may apply a glitch of 10fC to 50fC to the signal source in each clock cycle. For this reason, placing a 1nF capacitor between the inputs is recommended, if the source impedance is larger than 500Ω. See Figure 35 for the equivalent input circuit, including the protection diodes. AVDD AZ VIN+ AZ Delta−Sigma Modulator VIN− Figure 35. Equivalent Input Circuit Internal Reference The ADS1208 includes a 2.5V reference. The reference output is connected to the REFOUT pin via an output buffer that can source 3mA. The sink current is limited to 50µA. The output resistance of this buffer is 0.3Ω. The internal reference is also used to control the current source at the IOUT pin. The ADS1208 additionally provides a REFIN pin. The applied voltage VREFIN sets the gain of the internal 15 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 modulator. An external reference could vary from 0.5V to 3V. The modulator input range is defined to ±VREFIN/20. For a 2.5V reference, the full-scale range is ±125mV. The REFIN pin is decoupled from the modulator with a buffer. Current Source for the Hall Element also directly proportional to the reference voltage, the drift of the reference is actually cancelled out. Be aware that this is only the case if the application is using IOUT to drive the Hall sensor and if REFIN is connected to REFOUT. Y OUT 1 RADJ Internal circuitry (see Figure 36) forces the IADJ pin to a potential of: V V IADJ AVDD REFOUT 5 This means that trimming the resistor can calibrate the gain of the entire system. The resistor can be chosen to be stable over temperature, or to compensate any temperature behavior of the Hall sensor. DIGITAL OUTPUT AVDD VREF/5 VADJ = 0.5V IADJ RI = 0.3Ω +5V RADJ e.g., 100Ω for 5mA IOUT A differential analog input signal of 0V ideally produces a stream of 1s and 0s that are high 50% of the time and low 50% of the time. A differential analog input of +100mV produces a stream of 1s and 0s that are high 80% of the time. A differential analog input of –100mV produces a stream of 1s and 0s that are high 20% of the time. The input voltage versus the output modulator signal is shown in Figure 37. ROUT DIGITAL INTERFACE Figure 36. Current Source This means that the voltage drop of the resistor RADJ is equal to the current source reference VADJ. V V ADJ REFOUT 0.5 V 5 With resistor RADJ placed between AVDD and IADJ, a current of: V REFOUT I OUT 5 R ADJ0.3 is sourced out of the IOUT pin. The current should be set between 1mA and 8mA. However, it is also possible to leave the pin open. As the Hall voltage is directly proportional to this current, the input voltage to the modulator VIN is directly proportional to the internal reference voltage VREFOUT. As the filtered digital output data word YOUT from the modulator is Introduction The analog signal that is connected to the input of the delta-sigma modulator is converted using the clock signal that is applied to the modulator. The result of the conversion, or modulation, is the output signal MDATA from the delta-sigma modulator. In most applications, the two standard signals (MCLK and MDATA) are provided from the modulator to an ASIC, FPGA, DSP, or µC (each with an implemented filter, respectively). A single wire interface is provided in Mode 2, where the data stream is Manchester encoded. This configuration reduces the costs for galvanic isolation. The interface also provides the inverted outputs MDATA and MCLK for the signals MDATA and MCLK, respectively. These inverted outputs are useful for systems with high common-mode noise at the digital data transmission. The digital interface is specified for the voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V. Modulator Output +FS (Analog Input) −FS (Analog Input) Analog Input Figure 37. Analog Input vs Modulator Output of the ADS1208 16 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 Different Modes of Operation Mode 2 The typical system clock of the ADS1208 is 20MHz. The system clock can be provided either from the internal 20MHz RC oscillator or from an external clock source. For this reason, the MCLK pin is bidirectional and is controlled by the mode setting. The system clock is divided by two for the modulator clock. Therefore, the default clock frequency of the modulator is 10MHz. With a possible external clock range of 1MHz to 24MHz, the modulator operates between 500kHz and 12MHz. The four modes of operation for the digital data interface are shown in Table 2. In Mode 2, the internal RC oscillator is running. The data is Manchester encoded and is provided at the MDATA and MDATA pins. There is no clock output in this mode. The MCLK and MCLK outputs are set to low. The Manchester coding allows the data transfer with only a single wire. See Figure 3 on page 6. Mode 0 In Mode 0, the internal RC oscillator is running. The data is provided at the MDATA and MDATA output pins, and the modulator clock at the MCLK and MCLK pins. The data changes at the falling edge of MCLK. Therefore, it can safely be strobed with the rising edge. See Figure 1 on page 5. Mode 1 In Mode 1, the internal RC oscillator is running. The data is provided at the MDATA and MDATA output pins. The frequency at the MCLK and MCLK pins is equivalent to the modulator clock frequency divided by two. The data must be strobed at both the rising and falling edges of MCLK. The data at MDATA changes in the middle, between the rising and falling edge. In this mode, the frequency of both MCLK and MDATA is only 5MHz. See Figure 2 on page 5. Mode 3 In Mode 3, the internal RC oscillator is disabled. The system clock must be provided externally at the input MCLK. The system clock must have twice the frequency of the chosen modulator clock. The data is provided at the MDATA and MDATA output pins. Since the modulator runs with half the frequency of the system clock, the data changes at every other falling edge of the external clock. The data can be safely strobed at every rising edge of the MCLK output, which provides half the frequency of the system clock. This mode allows synchronous operation to any digital system or the use of modulator clocks different from 10MHz. See Figure 4 on page 6. Filter Usage The modulator generates only a bitstream, which is different from the digital word of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In order to output a digital word equivalent to the analog input voltage, the bitstream must be processed by a digital filter. A very simple filter built with minimal effort and hardware is the Sinc3 filter, shown in Equation 1: OSR H(z) 1z 1 1z 3 (1) Table 2. Operating Mode Definition and Description MODE DEFINITION M1 M0 Low Low Internal clock, synchronous data output, half output clock frequency Low High Internal clock, Manchester encoded data output, no clock output High Low External clock, synchronous data output High High Mode 0 Internal clock, synchronous data output Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 17 ADS1208 www.ti.com SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 0 OSR = 32 fDATA = 10MHz/32 = 312.5kHz −3dB: 81.9kHz −10 Gain (dB) −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Frequency (kHz) 1200 1400 1600 3 Figure 38. Frequency Response of Sinc Filter 16 14 12 ENOB (BIts) This filter provides the best output performance at the lowest hardware size (for example, a count of digital gates). For oversampling ratios in the range of 16 to 256, the Sinc3 filter is a good choice. All characterizations in this datasheet were obtained using a Sinc3 filter with an oversampling ratio (OSR) of 256 and an output word length of 16 bits. In a Sinc3 filter response (shown in Figure 38 and Figure 39), the location of the first notch occurs at the frequency of output data rate fDATA = fCLK/OSR. The –3dB point is located at half the Nyquist frequency, or fDATA/4. For some applications, it may be necessary to use another filter type for better frequency response. Device performance can be improved, for example, by using a cascaded filter structure. The first decimation stage can be a Sinc3 filter with a low OSR and a second stage, high-order filter. Sincfast 8 Sinc1 6 Sinc3 4 2 0 1 10 In motor control applications, a very fast response time for overcurrent detection is required. There is a constraint between 1µs and 5µs with 3 bits to 7 bits of resolution. The time for full settling depends on the filter order. Therefore, the full settling of the Sinc3 filter needs three data clocks and the Sinc2 filter needs two data clocks. The data clock is equal to the modulator clock divided by the OSR. For overcurrent protection, filter types other than Sinc3 might be a better choice. A good example is a Sinc2 filter. Figure 41 compares the settling time of different filter types. The Sincfast is a modified Sinc2 filter, as shown in Equation 2: 2 OSR H(z) 1z 1 1z 2OSR 1z (2) Sinc3 9 OSR = 32 FSR = 32768 ENOB = 9.9 Bits Settling Time = 3 × 1/fDATA = 9.6µs 8 Sincfast 7 ENOB (Bits) Output Code 1000 Figure 40. Measured ENOB vs OSR 10 20k 100 Decimation Ratio (OSR) 30k 25k Sinc2 10 15k Sinc2 6 5 4 Sinc 3 10k 2 5k 1 0 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Number of Output Clocks 35 40 Figure 39. Pulse Response of Sinc3 Filter (fMOD = 10MHz) The effective number of bits (ENOB) can be used to compare the performance of ADCs and delta-sigma modulators. Figure 40 shows the ENOB of the ADS1208 with different filter types. In this datasheet, the ENOB is calculated from the SNR: SNR = 1.76dB + 6.02dB × ENOB 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 Settling Time (µs) 7 8 9 10 Figure 41. Measured ENOB vs Settling Time For more information, see application note SBAA094, Combining the ADS1202 with an FPGA Digital Filter for Current Measurement in Motor Control Applications, available for download at www.ti.com. ADS1208 www.ti.com LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS Power Supplies The ADS1208 has two power supplies, AVDD and BVDD. If there are separate analog and digital power supplies on the board, a good design approach is to have AVDD connected to the analog and BVDD to the digital power supply. Another possible approach to control noise is the use of a resistor on the power supply. The connection can be made between the ADS1208 power supply pins via a 5Ω resistor. The combination of this resistor and the decoupling capacitors between the power supply pins AVDD and AGND provides some filtering. The analog supply must be well-regulated and offer low noise. For designs requiring higher resolution from the ADS1208, power-supply rejection will be a concern. The digital power supply has high-frequency noise that can be coupled into the analog portion of the ADS1208. This noise can originate from switching power supplies, microprocessors, or DSPs. High-frequency noise will generally be rejected by the external digital filter at integer multiples of MCLK. Just below and above these frequencies, noise will alias back into the passband of the digital filter, affecting the conversion result. Inputs to the ADS1208, such as VIN+, VIN- and MCLK should not be present before the power supply is turned on. Violating this condition could cause latch-up. If these signals are present before the supply is turned on, series resistors should be used to limit the input current. Additional user testing may be necessary in order to determine the appropriate connection between the ADS1208 and different power supplies. SBAS348A – MARCH 2005 – REVISED MARCH 2005 Grounding Analog and digital sections of the system design must be carefully and cleanly partitioned. Each section should have its own ground plane, with no overlap between them. Do not join the ground planes. Instead, connect the two planes with a moderate signal trace underneath the modulator. For multiple modulators, connect the two ground planes as close as possible to one central location for all of the modulators. In some cases, experimentation may be required to find the best point to connect the two planes together. Decoupling Good decoupling practices must be used for the ADS1208 and for all components in the system design. All decoupling capacitors, specifically the 0.1µF ceramic capacitors, must be placed as close as possible to the respective pin being decoupled. A 1µF and 10µF capacitor, in parallel with the 0.1µF ceramic capacitor, can be used to decouple AVDD to AGND. At least one 0.1µF ceramic capacitor must be used to decouple BVDD to BGND, as well as for the digital supply on each digital component It is highly recommended to place the 100nF compensation capacitor, which is connected between AVDD and AGND, directly at pins 3 and 6. Otherwise, current glitches from the internal circuitry can cause glitches in the supply, which again causes jitter on the internal clock signal. This jitter degrades the noise performance of the ADS1208. The input signals VIN+ and VIN– can be routed underneath this capacitor. 19 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 17-Aug-2012 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples (Requires Login) ADS1208IPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR ADS1208IPWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR ADS1208IPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 TBD Call TI Call TI ADS1208IPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 TBD Call TI Call TI (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. 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