ICL8038 S E M I C O N D U C T O R Precision Waveform Generator/ Voltage Controlled Oscillator November 1996 Features Description • Low Frequency Drift with Temperature . . . 250ppm/oC The ICL8038 waveform generator is a monolithic integrated circuit capable of producing high accuracy sine, square, triangular, sawtooth and pulse waveforms with a minimum of external components. The frequency (or repetition rate) can be selected externally from 0.001Hz to more than 300kHz using either resistors or capacitors, and frequency modulation and sweeping can be accomplished with an external voltage. The ICL8038 is fabricated with advanced monolithic technology, using Schottky barrier diodes and thin film resistors, and the output is stable over a wide range of temperature and supply variations. These devices may be interfaced with phase locked loop circuitry to reduce temperature drift to less than 250ppm/oC. • Low Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1% (Sine Wave Output) • High Linearity . . . . . . . . . 0.1% (Triangle Wave Output) • Wide Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . 0.001Hz to 300kHz • Variable Duty Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% to 98% • High Level Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TTL to 28V • Simultaneous Sine, Square, and Triangle Wave Outputs • Easy to Use - Just a Handful of External Components Required Ordering Information STABILITY TEMP. RANGE (oC) 0 to 70 14 Ld PDIP E14.3 ICL8038CCJD 250ppm/oC (Typ) 250ppm/oC (Typ) 0 to 70 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3 ICL8038BCJD 180ppm/oC (Typ) 0 to 70 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3 ICL8038ACJD 0 to 70 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3 ICL8038BMJD (Note) 120ppm/oC (Typ) 350ppm/oC (Max) -55 to 125 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3 ICL8038AMJD (Note) 250ppm/oC (Max) -55 to 125 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3 PART NUMBER ICL8038CCPD PACKAGE PKG. NO. NOTE: Add /883B to part number if 883 processing is required. Pinout Functional Diagram ICL8038 (PDIP, CERDIP) TOP VIEW V+ 6 CURRENT SOURCE #1 COMPARATOR #1 I SINE WAVE 1 ADJUST 14 NC SINE WAVE OUT 2 13 NC TRIANGLE OUT 3 12 SINE WAVE ADJUST 4 11 V- OR GND 5 10 TIMING CAPACITOR DUTY CYCLE FREQUENCY ADJUST V+ FM BIAS 6 7 10 2I 9 SQUARE WAVE OUT 8 FM SWEEP INPUT C CURRENT SOURCE #2 COMPARATOR #2 FLIP-FLOP V- OR GND 11 BUFFER 9 CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Users should follow proper IC Handling Procedures. Copyright © Harris Corporation 1996 8-153 SINE CONVERTER BUFFER 3 2 File Number 2864.2 ICL8038 Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information Supply Voltage (V- to V+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36V Input Voltage (Any Pin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V- to V+ Input Current (Pins 4 and 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25mA Output Sink Current (Pins 3 and 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25mA Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1) θJA (oC/W) θJC (oC/W) CERDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 20 PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 N/A Maximum Junction Temperature (Ceramic Package) . . . . . . . . 175oC Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . 150oC Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . .-65oC to 150oC Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300oC Operating Conditions Temperature Range ICL8038AM, ICL8038BM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to 125oC ICL8038AC, ICL8038BC, ICL8038CC . . . . . . . . . . . .0oC to 70oC CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. NOTE: 1. θJA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air. Electrical Specifications VSUPPLY = ±10V or +20V, TA = 25oC, RL = 10kΩ, Test Circuit Unless Otherwise Specified PARAMETER SYMBOL Supply Voltage Operating Range VSUPPLY Supply Current TEST CONDITIONS ICL8038CC MIN TYP MAX ICL8038BC(BM) ICL8038AC(AM) MIN MIN TYP MAX TYP MAX UNITS V+ Single Supply +10 - +30 +10 - +30 +10 - +30 V V+, V- Dual Supplies ±5 - ±15 ±5 - ±15 ±5 - ±5 V - - - 12 15 - 12 15 mA ISUPPLY 8038AM 8038BM VSUPPLY = ±10V (Note 2) 8038AC, 8038BC, 8038CC 12 20 - 12 20 - 12 20 mA FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS (All Waveforms) Max. Frequency of Oscillation fMAX 100 - - 100 - - 100 - - kHz Sweep Frequency of FM Input fSWEEP - 10 - - 10 - - 10 - kHz Sweep FM Range (Note 3) - 35:1 - - 35:1 - - 35:1 - FM Linearity 10:1 Ratio - 0.5 - - 0.2 - - 0.2 - 8038AC, 8038BC, 8038CC 0oC to 70oC - 250 - - 180 - - 120 8038AM, 8038BM -55oC to 125oC - - - - 350 - - 250 ppm/oC Over Supply Voltage Range - - - 0.05 - 0.05 - %/V Frequency Drift with Temperature (Note 5) Frequency Drift with Supply Voltage % ∆f/∆T ∆f/∆V 0.05 ppm/oC OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Square Wave - Leakage Current IOLK V9 = 30V - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 µA Saturation Voltage VSAT ISINK = 2mA - 0.2 0.5 - 0.2 0.4 - 0.2 0.4 V Rise Time tR RL = 4.7kΩ - 180 - - 180 - - 180 - ns Fall Time tF RL = 4.7kΩ - 40 - - 40 - - 40 - ns Typical Duty Cycle Adjust (Note 6) ∆D 98 2 - 98 2 - 98 % 2 Triangle/Sawtooth/Ramp Amplitude VTRIAN- RTRI = 100kΩ 0.30 0.33 - 0.30 0.33 - 0.30 0.33 - xVSUPPLY - % GLE Linearity - 8-154 0.1 - - 0.05 - - 0.05 ICL8038 Electrical Specifications PARAMETER VSUPPLY = ±10V or +20V, TA = 25oC, RL = 10kΩ, Test Circuit Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued) SYMBOL Output Impedance TEST CONDITIONS ZOUT IOUT = 5mA VSINE RSINE = 100kΩ ICL8038CC MIN TYP MAX ICL8038BC(BM) ICL8038AC(AM) MIN MIN TYP MAX TYP MAX UNITS - 200 - - 200 - - 200 - Ω 0.2 0.22 - 0.2 0.22 - 0.2 0.22 - xVSUPPLY Sine Wave Amplitude THD THD RS = 1MΩ (Note 4) - 2.0 5 - 1.5 3 - 1.0 1.5 % THD Adjusted THD Use Figure 4 - 1.5 - - 1.0 - - 0.8 - % NOTES: 2. RA and RB currents not included. 3. VSUPPLY = 20V; RA and RB = 10kΩ, f ≅ 10kHz nominal; can be extended 1000 to 1. See Figures 5A and 5B. 4. 82kΩ connected between pins 11 and 12, Triangle Duty Cycle set at 50%. (Use RA and RB.) 5. Figure 1, pins 7 and 8 connected, VSUPPLY = ±10V. See Typical Curves for T.C. vs VSUPPLY. 6. Not tested, typical value for design purposes only. Test Conditions PARAMETER RA RB RL C SW1 MEASURE Supply Current 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Current Into Pin 6 Sweep FM Range (Note 7) 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Open Frequency at Pin 9 Frequency Drift with Temperature 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Frequency at Pin 3 Frequency Drift with Supply Voltage (Note 8) 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Frequency at Pin 9 Sine 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Pk-Pk Output at Pin 2 Triangle 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Pk-Pk Output at Pin 3 Leakage Current (Off) (Note 9) 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Current into Pin 9 Saturation Voltage (On) (Note 9) 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Output (Low) at Pin 9 Rise and Fall Times (Note 11) 10kΩ 10kΩ 4.7kΩ 3.3nF Closed Waveform at Pin 9 Max 50kΩ ~1.6kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Waveform at Pin 9 Min ~25kΩ 50kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Waveform at Pin 9 Triangle Waveform Linearity 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Waveform at Pin 3 Total Harmonic Distortion 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Waveform at Pin 2 Output Amplitude (Note 10) Duty Cycle Adjust (Note 11) NOTES: 7. The hi and lo frequencies can be obtained by connecting pin 8 to pin 7 (fHI) and then connecting pin 8 to pin 6 (fLO). Otherwise apply Sweep Voltage at pin 8 (2/3 VSUPPLY +2V) ≤ VSWEEP ≤ VSUPPLY where VSUPPLY is the total supply voltage. In Figure 5B, pin 8 should vary between 5.3V and 10V with respect to ground. 8. 10V ≤ V+ ≤ 30V, or ±5V ≤ VSUPPLY ≤ ±15V. 9. Oscillation can be halted by forcing pin 10 to +5V or -5V. 10. Output Amplitude is tested under static conditions by forcing pin 10 to 5V then to -5V. 11. Not tested; for design purposes only. 8-155 ICL8038 Test Circuit +10V 4 7 RL 10K RB 10K RA 10K 5 6 9 SW1 N.C. ICL8038 8 3 RTRI 10 12 2 11 C 3300pF RSINE 82K -10V FIGURE 1. TEST CIRCUIT Detailed Schematic 6 CURRENT SOURCES R1 8 11K 7 Q1 Q2 V+ REXT B REXT A 5 4 R41 4K R32 5.2K Q14 Q48 R8 5K Q3 R2 Q 39K 6 Q4 R19 Q5 Q9 Q8 10 Q16Q17 CEXT Q10 R3 30K Q18 Q15 R46 40K Q11 R7B R7A 15K 10K Q12 Q30 R4 100 Q32 R5 100 R13 620 Q24 R10 5K R11 270 Q23 R12 2.7K Q25 R16 1.8K Q35 Q28 Q26 Q49 R22 10K R43 27K R14 27K 9 10K Q41 Q27 R15 470 Q29 R35 330 Q43 Q42 R25 33K R26 33K R27 33K R45 33K R28 33K R29 33K R30 33K R31 33K Q22 Q19 R6 100 Q33 Q34 2.7K R21 R9 5K R34 375 Q45 Q44 Q20 Q21 Q13 Q31 Q46 800 R20 COMPARATOR Q7 1 R33 200 Q47 R17 4.7K R18 4.7K R41 27K R23 Q37 Q39 Q36 Q 38 Q40 3 R44 1K 2.7K R24 Q50 R37 330 Q51 Q52 R38 375 Q53 Q54 800 R39 200 Q55 Q56 R42 BUFFER AMPLIFIER 27K 11 R36 1600 2 R40 5.6K 12 REXTC 82K SINE CONVERTER FLIP-FLOP Application Information (See Functional Diagram) An external capacitor C is charged and discharged by two current sources. Current source #2 is switched on and off by a flipflop, while current source #1 is on continuously. Assuming that the flip-flop is in a state such that current source #2 is off, and the capacitor is charged with a current I, the voltage across the capacitor rises linearly with time. When this voltage reaches the level of comparator #1 (set at 2/3 of the supply voltage), the flipflop is triggered, changes states, and releases current source #2. This current source normally carries a current 2I, thus the capacitor is discharged with a net-current I and the voltage across it drops linearly with time. When it has reached the level of comparator #2 (set at 1/3 of the supply voltage), the flip-flop is triggered into its original state and the cycle starts again. Four waveforms are readily obtainable from this basic generator circuit. With the current sources set at I and 2I respectively, the charge and discharge times are equal. Thus a triangle waveform is created across the capacitor and the flip-flop produces a square wave. Both waveforms are fed to buffer stages and are available at pins 3 and 9. 8-156 ICL8038 The levels of the current sources can, however, be selected over a wide range with two external resistors. Therefore, with the two currents set at values different from I and 2I, an asymmetrical sawtooth appears at Terminal 3 and pulses with a duty cycle from less than 1% to greater than 99% are available at Terminal 9. The sine wave is created by feeding the triangle wave into a nonlinear network (sine converter). This network provides a decreasing shunt impedance as the potential of the triangle moves toward the two extremes. Waveform Timing The symmetry of all waveforms can be adjusted with the external timing resistors. Two possible ways to accomplish this are shown in Figure 3. Best results are obtained by keeping the timing resistors RA and RB separate (A). RA controls the rising portion of the triangle and sine wave and the 1 state of the square wave. The magnitude of the triangle waveform is set at 1/3 VSUPPLY; therefore the rising portion of the triangle is, The falling portion of the triangle and sine wave and the 0 state of the square wave is: t 2 R R C C × 1/3V SUPPLY A B C×V = ------------- = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = -------------------------------------V 1 V ( 2R A – R B ) 0.66 SUPPLY SUPPLY 2 ( 0.22 ) ------------------------ – 0.22 -----------------------R R B A Thus a 50% duty cycle is achieved when RA = RB. If the duty cycle is to be varied over a small range about 50% only, the connection shown in Figure 3B is slightly more convenient. A 1kΩ potentiometer may not allow the duty cycle to be adjusted through 50% on all devices. If a 50% duty cycle is required, a 2kΩ or 5kΩ potentiometer should be used. With two separate timing resistors, the frequency is given by: 1 1 f = ---------------- = -----------------------------------------------------t1 + t2 RAC RB ------------ 1 + ------------------------- 0.66 2R A – R B or, if RA = RB = R 0.33 f = ----------- (for Figure 3A) RC Neither time nor frequency are dependent on supply voltage, even though none of the voltages are regulated inside the integrated circuit. This is due to the fact that both currents and thresholds are direct, linear functions of the supply voltage and thus their effects cancel. RA × C C × 1/3 × V SUPPLY × R A C×V t 1 = -------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------- = -----------------I 0.22 × V SUPPLY 0.66 FIGURE 2A. SQUARE WAVE DUTY CYCLE - 50% FIGURE 2B. SQUARE WAVE DUTY CYCLE - 80% FIGURE 2. PHASE RELATIONSHIP OF WAVEFORMS V+ V+ RA 7 4 RL RB 5 6 1kΩ RA 9 7 8 ICL8038 10 11 C 3 4 5 10 82K 11 C V- OR GND 6 ICL8038 8 12 2 RL RB 9 3 12 2 100K V- OR GND FIGURE 3A. FIGURE 3B. FIGURE 3. POSSIBLE CONNECTIONS FOR THE EXTERNAL TIMING RESISTORS 8-157 ICL8038 Reducing Distortion To minimize sine wave distortion the 82kΩ resistor between pins 11 and 12 is best made variable. With this arrangement distortion of less than 1% is achievable. To reduce this even further, two potentiometers can be connected as shown in Figure 4; this configuration allows a typical reduction of sine wave distortion close to 0.5%. V+ 1kΩ RA 7 4 5 8 RL RB 6 ICL8038 10 11 12 9 3 1 2 100kΩ 10kΩ C 100kΩ 10kΩ V- OR GND FIGURE 4. CONNECTION TO ACHIEVE MINIMUM SINE WAVE DISTORTION output can be made TTL compatible (load resistor connected to +5V) while the waveform generator itself is powered from a much higher voltage. Frequency Modulation and Sweeping The frequency of the waveform generator is a direct function of the DC voltage at Terminal 8 (measured from V+). By altering this voltage, frequency modulation is performed. For small deviations (e.g. ±10%) the modulating signal can be applied directly to pin 8, merely providing DC decoupling with a capacitor as shown in Figure 5A. An external resistor between pins 7 and 8 is not necessary, but it can be used to increase input impedance from about 8kΩ (pins 7 and 8 connected together), to about (R + 8kΩ). For larger FM deviations or for frequency sweeping, the modulating signal is applied between the positive supply voltage and pin 8 (Figure 5B). In this way the entire bias for the current sources is created by the modulating signal, and a very large (e.g. 1000:1) sweep range is created (f = 0 at VSWEEP = 0). Care must be taken, however, to regulate the supply voltage; in this configuration the charge current is no longer a function of the supply voltage (yet the trigger thresholds still are) and thus the frequency becomes dependent on the supply voltage. The potential on Pin 8 may be swept down from V+ by (1/3 VSUPPLY - 2V). V+ Selecting RA, RB and C R 1 × ( V+ – V- ) 1 0.22 ( V+ – V- ) I = ---------------------------------------- × -------- = -----------------------------------( R1 + R2 ) RA RA RB RA For any given output frequency, there is a wide range of RC combinations that will work, however certain constraints are placed upon the magnitude of the charging current for optimum performance. At the low end, currents of less than 1µA are undesirable because circuit leakages will contribute significant errors at high temperatures. At higher currents (I > 5mA), transistor betas and saturation voltages will contribute increasingly larger errors. Optimum performance will, therefore, be obtained with charging currents of 10µA to 1mA. If pins 7 and 8 are shorted together, the magnitude of the charging current due to RA can be calculated from: 4 7 RL 5 6 9 R 8 FM ICL8038 10 3 12 2 11 C 81K V- OR GND FIGURE 5A. CONNECTIONS FOR FREQUENCY MODULATION R1 and R2 are shown in the Detailed Schematic. V+ A similar calculation holds for RB. The capacitor value should be chosen at the upper end of its possible range. SWEEP VOLTAGE 4 RL RB RA 5 6 9 Waveform Out Level Control and Power Supplies The waveform generator can be operated either from a single power supply (10V to 30V) or a dual power supply (±5V to ±15V). With a single power supply the average levels of the triangle and sine wave are at exactly one-half of the supply voltage, while the square wave alternates between V+ and ground. A split power supply has the advantage that all waveforms move symmetrically about ground. The square wave output is not committed. A load resistor can be connected to a different power supply, as long as the applied voltage remains within the breakdown capability of the waveform generator (30V). In this way, the square wave 8-158 8 ICL8038 10 11 C 3 12 2 81K V- OR GND FIGURE 5B. CONNECTIONS FOR FREQUENCY SWEEP FIGURE 5. ICL8038 Typical Applications The sine wave output has a relatively high output impedance (1kΩ Typ). The circuit of Figure 6 provides buffering, gain and amplitude adjustment. A simple op amp follower could also be used. +10V 1N457 DUTY CYCLE 0.1µF 4 5 6 2 AMPLITUDE 100K 8 5 + 741 10K FREQ. - ICL8038 10 20K V- With a dual supply voltage the external capacitor on Pin 10 can be shorted to ground to halt the ICL8038 oscillation. Figure 7 shows a FET switch, diode ANDed with an input strobe signal to allow the output to always start on the same slope. V+ 4 15K 5 9 ICL8038 8 1N914 11 10 2 1N914 C STROBE 2N4392 -15V 100K OFF 6 9 3 ≈15M 11 0.0047µF 12 2 DISTORTION 100K -10V IGURE 8. VARIABLE AUDIO OSCILLATOR, 20Hz TO 20kHzY FIGURE 6. SINE WAVE OUTPUT BUFFER AMPLIFIERS RB ICL8038 10 4.7K 11 RA 8 4 20K C 7 4.7K RB RA 7 15K 1K 4.7K V+ +15V (+10V) -15V (-10V) ON FIGURE 7. STROBE TONE BURST GENERATOR To obtain a 1000:1 Sweep Range on the ICL8038 the voltage across external resistors RA and RB must decrease to nearly zero. This requires that the highest voltage on control Pin 8 exceed the voltage at the top of RA and RB by a few hundred mV. The Circuit of Figure 8 achieves this by using a diode to lower the effective supply voltage on the ICL8038. The large resistor on pin 5 helps reduce duty cycle variations with sweep. The linearity of input sweep voltage versus output frequency can be significantly improved by using an op amp as shown in Figure 9. 8-159 ICL8038 R1 FM BIAS V1+ SQUARE WAVE OUT VCO IN INPUT DEMODULATED FM AMPLIFIER PHASE DETECTOR V2+ DUTY CYCLE FREQUENCY ADJUST 7 4 TRIANGLE OUT 6 5 3 SINE WAVE OUT 9 8 ICL8038 10 2 11 12 SINE WAVE ADJ. 1 R2 SINE WAVE ADJ. TIMING CAP. LOW PASS FILTER V-/GND FIGURE 9. WAVEFORM GENERATOR USED AS STABLE VCO IN A PHASE-LOCKED LOOP HIGH FREQUENCY SYMMETRY 10kΩ 500Ω 4.7kΩ 1N753A (6.2V) 100kΩ 4.7kΩ 1MΩ 1kΩ 100kΩ 1,000pF 4 5 6 LOW FREQUENCY SYMMETRY 9 +15V - 1kΩ 741 + -VIN 8 ICL8038 FUNCTION GENERATOR 3 11 SINE WAVE OUTPUT - P4 10 +15V 12 2 + 741 + 50µF 100kΩ 15V 10kΩ OFFSET SINE WAVE DISTORTION 3,900pF -15V FIGURE 10. LINEAR VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR Use in Phase Locked Loops Its high frequency stability makes the ICL8038 an ideal building block for a phase locked loop as shown in Figure 10. In this application the remaining functional blocks, the phase detector and the amplifier, can be formed by a number of available ICs (e.g., MC4344, NE562, HA2800, HA2820). In order to match these building blocks to each other, two steps must be taken. First, two different supply voltages are used and the square wave output is returned to the supply of the phase detector. This assures that the VCO input voltage will not exceed the capabilities of the phase detector. If a smaller VCO signal is required, a simple resistive voltage divider is connected between pin 9 of the waveform generator and the VCO input of the phase detector. Second, the DC output level of the amplifier must be made compatible to the DC level required at the FM input of the waveform generator (pin 8, 0.8V+). The simplest solution here is to provide a voltage divider to V+ (R1, R2 as shown) if the amplifier has a lower output level, or to ground if its level is higher. The divider can be made part of the low-pass filter. This application not only provides for a free-running frequency with very low temperature drift, but is also has the unique feature of producing a large reconstituted sinewave signal with a frequency identical to that at the input. For further information, see Harris Application Note AN013, “Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the ICL8038”. 8-160 ICL8038 Definition of Terms Supply Voltage (VSUPPLY). The total supply voltage from V+ to V-. Output Amplitude. The peak-to-peak signal amplitude appearing at the outputs. Supply Current. The supply current required from the power supply to operate the device, excluding load currents and the currents through RA and RB. Saturation Voltage. The output voltage at the collector of Q23 when this transistor is turned on. It is measured for a sink current of 2mA. Frequency Range. The frequency range at the square wave output through which circuit operation is guaranteed. Rise and Fall Times. The time required for the square wave output to change from 10% to 90%, or 90% to 10%, of its final value. Sweep FM Range. The ratio of maximum frequency to minimum frequency which can be obtained by applying a sweep voltage to pin 8. For correct operation, the sweep voltage should be within the range: (2/3 VSUPPLY + 2V) < VSWEEP < VSUPPLY FM Linearity. The percentage deviation from the best fit straight line on the control voltage versus output frequency curve. Triangle Waveform Linearity. The percentage deviation from the best fit straight line on the rising and falling triangle waveform. Total Harmonic Distortion. The total harmonic distortion at the sine wave output. Typical Performance Curves 1.03 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 20 -55oC 15 125oC 25oC 10 5 5 10 15 20 25 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.98 30 5 10 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) FIGURE 11. SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 25 30 FIGURE 12. FREQUENCY vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 200 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.00 25oC 20 30 20 10 RISE TIME 125oC 150 10 TIME (ns) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY 20 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 30 -55oC 125oC 100 25oC FALL TIME 0.99 -55oC 50 0.98 -50 -25 0 25 75 0 125 0 TEMPERATURE (oC) FIGURE 13. FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE 2 4 6 8 LOAD RESISTANCE (kΩ) FIGURE 14. SQUARE WAVE OUTPUT RISE/FALL TIME vs LOAD RESISTANCE 8-161 10 ICL8038 Typical Performance Curves (Continued) 1.0 NORMALIZED PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE SATURATION VOLTAGE 2 1.5 125oC 1.0 25oC -55oC 0.5 2 4 6 8 -55oC 0.8 LOAD CURRENT TO V+ 0 10 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 6 8 12 14 16 18 20 FIGURE 16. TRIANGLE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOAD CURRENT 1.2 10.0 1.1 LINEARITY (%) 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.01 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FIGURE 17. TRIANGLE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY FIGURE 18. TRIANGLE WAVE LINEARITY vs FREQUENCY 1.1 12 10 DISTORTION (%) NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE 10 LOAD CURRENT (mA) FIGURE 15. SQUARE WAVE SATURATION VOLTAGE vs LOAD CURRENT NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE 25oC 0.9 0 0 125oC LOAD CURRENT TO V - 1.0 0.9 8 6 4 ADJUSTED UNADJUSTED 2 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 0 10 100 1K 10K 100K FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FIGURE 19. SINE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY FIGURE 20. SINE WAVE DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY 8-162 1M