Product Specification PE64102 UltraCMOS® Digitally Tunable Capacitor (DTC) 100 - 3000 MHz General Description The PE64102 is a DuNE™-enhanced Digitally Tunable Capacitor (DTC) based on Peregrine’s UltraCMOS® technology. DTC products provide a monolithically integrated impedance tuning solution for demanding RF applications. They also offer a linear capacitance change versus tuning state and excellent harmonic performance compared to varactor-based tunable solutions. This highly versatile product can be mounted in series or shunt configurations and uses a 3-wire (SPI compatible) serial interface. It has a high ESD rating of 2 kV HBM on all ports making this the ultimate in integration and ruggedness. The DTC will be offered in a standard 12-lead 2.0 x 2.0 x 0.55 mm QFN commercial package. Peregrine’s DuNE™ technology enhancements deliver high linearity and exceptional harmonics performance. It is an innovative feature of the UltraCMOS® process, providing performance superior to GaAs with the economy and integration of conventional CMOS. Features 3-wire (SPI compatible) 8-bit serial interface with built-in bias voltage generation and stand-by mode for reduces power consumption DuNETM-enhanced UltraCMOS® device 5-bit 32-state Digitally Tunable Capacitor C = 1.88 - 14.0 pF (7.4:1 tuning ratio) in discrete 391 fF steps RF power handing (up to 26 dBm, 6 VPK RF) and high linearity High quality factor Wide power supply range (2.3 to 3.6V) and low current consumption (typ. IDD = 30 µA @ 2.8V) Optimized for shunt configuration, but can also be used in series configuration Excellent 2 kV HBM ESD tolerance on all pins Applications include: Antenna tuning Tunable filters Phase shifters Impedance matching Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram Figure 2. Package Type 12-lead 2 x 2 x 0.55 mm QFN 71-0066-01 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ www.psemi.com ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 1 of 13 PE64102 Product Specification Table 1. Electrical Specifications @ 25°C, VDD = 2.8V Parameter Operating Frequency Range Configuration 7 Condition Min Max Unit 3000 MHz Shunt 6 State = 00000, 100 MHz (RF+ to Grounded RF-) -10% 1.88 +10% pF Shunt 6 State = 11111, 100 MHz (RF+ to Grounded RF-) -10% 14.0 +10% pF Shunt 6 Cmax/Cmin, 100 MHz 7.4:1 Step Size Shunt 6 5 bits (32 states), constant step size (100 MHz) 0.391 Quality Factor (Cmin) 1 Shunt 6 470 - 582 MHz with Ls removed 698 - 960 MHz, with Ls removed 1710 - 2170 MHz, with Ls removed 50 50 28 Quality Factor (Cmax) 1 Shunt 6 470 - 582 MHz with Ls removed 698 - 960 MHz, with Ls removed 1710 - 2170 MHz, with Ls removed 25 20 5 Self Resonant Frequency Shunt 7 State 00000 State 11111 4.7 1.6 Shunt 6 470 to 582 MHz, Pin +26 dBm, 50Ω 698 to 915 MHz, Pin +26 dBm, 50Ω 1710 to 1910 MHz, Pin +26 dBm, 50Ω -36 -36 -36 dBm dBm dBm Series 5 470 to 582 MHz, Pin +20 dBm, 50Ω 698 to 915 MHz, Pin +20 dBm, 50Ω 1710 to 1910 MHz, Pin +20 dBm, 50Ω -36 -36 -36 dBm dBm dBm 3rd Order Intercept Point Shunt 6 IIP3 = (Pblocker + 2*Ptx - [IMD3]) / 2, where IMD3 = -95 dBm, Ptx = +20 dBm and Pblocker = -15 dBm 60 Switching Time 2, 3 Shunt 6 State change to 10/90% delta capacitance between only two states 2 10 µs Start-up Time 2 Shunt 6 Time from VDD within specification to all performances within specification 5 20 µs Wake-up Time 2,3 Shunt 6 State change from standby mode to RF state to all performances within specification 5 20 µs Minimum Capacitance Maximum Capacitance Tuning Ratio Both Typ 100 Harmonics (2fo and 3fo) 4 pF GHz dBm Note: 1. Q for a Shunt DTC based on a Series RLC equivalent circuit Q = XC / R = (X-XL) / R, where X = XL + XC , XL = 2*pi*f*L, XC = -1 / (2*pi*f*C), which is equal to removing the effect of parasitic inductance LS 2. DC path to ground at RF+ and RF– must be provided to achieve specified performance 3. State change activated on falling edge of SEN following data word 4. Between 50Ω ports in series or shunt configuration using a pulsed RF input with 4620 vs period, 50% duty cycle, measured per 3GPPTS45.005 5. In series configuration the greater RF power or higher RF voltage should be applied to RF+ 6. RF- should be connected to ground 7. DTC operation above SRF is possible ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 2 of 13 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ UltraCMOS® RFIC Solutions PE64102 Product Specification Figure 3. Pin Configuration (Top View) Parameter Pin 1 12 SEN 11 GND 22 SCLK Table 3. Operating Ranges1 11 10 98 RF+ 13 GND 33 Symbol Min Typ Max Units VDD Supply Voltage VDD 2.3 2.8 3.6 V IDD Power Supply Current (Normal mode) 6 IDD 30 75 µA IDD Power Supply Current (Standby mode) 6 IDD 20 45 µA Control Voltage High VIH 1.2 3.1 V 87 GND Control Voltage Low VIL 0 0.2 V 76 RF- Peak Operating RF Voltage 5 VP to VM VP to RFGND VM to RFGND 6 6 6 VPK VPK VPK +26 +20 dBm dBm RF Input Power (50Ω ) 3, 4, 5 4 5 shunt series 6 Table 2. Pin Descriptions Pin # Pin Name 1 SEN Description Serial Enable Input Control Current ICTL 10 µA Operating Temperature Range TOP -40 +85 °C Storage Temperature Range TST -65 +150 °C 1 Notes: 1. Operation should be restricted to the limits in the Operating Ranges table 2. The DTC is active when STBY is low (set to 0) and in low-current stand-by mode when high (set to 1) 3. Maximum CW power available from a 50Ω source in shunt configuration 4. Maximum CW power available from a 50Ω source in series configuration 5. RF+ to RF- and RF+ and/or RF- to ground. Cannot exceed 6 VPK or max RF input power (whichever occurs first) 6. IDD current typical value is based on VDD = 2.8V. Max IDD is based on VDD = 3.6V 2 GND Digital and RF Ground 3 SCLK Serial Interface Clock Input 4 VDD Power Voltage 5 GND Digital and RF Ground 6 RF- Negative RF Port 1 Table 4. Absolute Maximum Ratings 7 RF- Negative RF Port 1 Symbol 8 GND Digital and RF Ground 3 9 RF+ Positive RF Port 2 10 RF+ Positive RF Port 2 11 GND Digital and RF Ground 12 SDAT Serial Interface Data Input 13 GND Digital and RF Ground 3 Notes: 1. Pins 6 and 7 must be tied together on PCB board to reduce inductance 2. Pins 9 and 10 must be tied together on PCB board to reduce inductance 3. Pins 2, 5, 8, 11 and 13 must be connected together on PCB Moisture Sensitivity Level The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating for the PE64102 in the 12-lead 2 x 2 QFN package is MSL1. Latch-Up Avoidance Unlike conventional CMOS devices, UltraCMOS® devices are immune to latch-up. Document No. 70-0428-01 │ www.psemi.com VDD VI Parameter/Conditions Min Max Units Power supply voltage -0.3 4.0 V Voltage on any DC input -0.3 4.0 V VESD ESD Voltage (HBM, MIL_STD 883 Method 3015.7) 2000 V VESD ESD Voltage (MM, JEDEC JESD22-A115-A) 100 V Exceeding absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Operation between operating range maximum and absolute maximum for extended periods may reduce reliability. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions When handling this UltraCMOS® device, observe the same precautions that you would use with other ESD-sensitive devices. Although this device contains circuitry to protect it from damage due to ESD, precautions should be taken to avoid exceeding the specified rating. ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 3 of 13 PE64102 Product Specification Performance Plots @ 25°C and 2.8V unless otherwise specified Figure 4. Measured Shunt C (@ 100 MHz) vs State (temperature) Figure 5. Measured Shunt S11 (major states) Figure 6. Measured Step Size vs State (frequency) Figure 7. Measured Series S11/S22 (major states) Figure 8. Measured Shunt C vs Frequency (major states) Figure 9. Measured Series S21 vs Frequency (major states) ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 4 of 13 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ UltraCMOS® RFIC Solutions PE64102 Product Specification Figure 10. Measured Shunt Q vs Frequency (major states) Figure 11. Measured 2-Port Shunt S21 vs Frequency (major states) Figure 12. Measured Self Resonance Frequency vs State Figure 13. Measured Shunt Q vs State Measured Q vs. State 160 100 MHz 470 MHz 698 MHz 1710 MHz 140 120 Q 100 80 60 40 20 0 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ www.psemi.com 5 10 15 State 20 25 30 ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 5 of 13 PE64102 Product Specification Serial Interface Operation and Sharing More than 1 DTC can be controlled by one interface by utilizing a dedicated enable (SEN) line for each DTC. SDA, SCL, and VDD lines may be shared as shown in Figure 15. Dedicated SEN lines act as a chip select such that each DTC will only respond to serial transactions intended for them. This makes each DTC change states sequentially as they are programmed. The PE64102 is controlled by a three wire SPIcompatible interface. As shown in Figure 14, the serial master initiates the start of a telegram by driving the SEN (Serial Enable) line high. Each bit of the 8-bit telegram is clocked in on the rising edge of the SCL (Serial Clock) line. SDA bits are clocked by most significant bit (MSB) first, as shown in Table 5 and Figure 14. Transactions on SDA (Serial Data) are allowed on the falling edge of SCL. The DTC activates the data on the falling edge of SEN. The DTC does not count how many bits are clocked and only maintains the last 8 bits it received. Alternatively, a dedicated SDA line with common SEN can be used. This allows all DTCs to change states simultaneously, but requires all DTCs to be programmed even if the state is not changed. Figure 14. Serial Interface Timing Diagram (oscilloscope view) tEPW tESU tDSU tDHD tR b5 b4 tF 1/fCLK tEHD SEN SCL SDA DTC Data b0 b7 Dm-2<7:0> ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 6 of 13 b6 b3 b2 Dm-1<7:0> b1 b0 Dm<7:0> Document No. 70-0428-01 │ UltraCMOS® RFIC Solutions PE64102 Product Specification Table 5. 6-Bit Serial Programming Register Map b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 0 0 STB1 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 MSB (first in) LSB (last in) Note: 1. The DTC is active when low (set to 0) and in low-current stand-by mode when high (set to 1) Figure 15. Recommended Bus sharing DTC 1 RF+ VDD SDA SCL SEN1 SEN2 VDD SDA SCL SEN GND DGND RF- Table 6. Serial Interface AC Characteristics 2.3V < VDD < 3.6V, -40 °C < TA < +85 °C, unless otherwise specified Symbol Max Unit Serial Clock Frequency 26 MHz tR SCL, SDA, SEN Rise Time 6.5 ns SDA SCL tF SCL, SDA, SEN Fall Time ns SEN fCLK Parameter Min DTC 2 RF+ 6.5 tESU SEN rising edge to SCL rising edge 19.2 ns tEHD SCL rising edge to SEN falling edge 19.2 ns tDSU SDA valid to SCL rising edge 13.2 ns tDHD SDA valid after SCL rising edge 13.2 ns tEOW SEN falling edge to SEN rising edge 38.4 ns Document No. 70-0428-01 │ www.psemi.com VDD GND DGND RF- ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 7 of 13 PE64102 Product Specification Equivalent Circuit Model Description The DTC Equivalent Circuit Model includes all parasitic elements and is accurate in both Series and Shunt configurations, reflecting physical circuit behavior accurately and providing very close correlation to measured data. It can easily be used in circuit simulation programs. Simple equations are provided for the state dependent parameters. The Tuning Core capacitance CS represents capacitance between RF+ and RF- ports. It is linearly proportional to state (0 to 31 in decimal) in a discrete fashion. The Series Tuning Ratio is defined as CSmax/CSmin. CP1 and CP2 represent the circuit and package parasitics from RF ports to GND. In shunt configuration the total capacitance of the DTC is higher due to parallel combination of CP and CS. In Series configuration, CS and CP do not add in parallel and the DTC appears as an impedance transformation network. Parasitic inductance due to circuit and package is modeled as LS and causes the apparent capacitance of the DTC to increase with frequency until it reaches Self Resonant Frequency (SRF). The value of SRF depends on state and is approximately inversely proportional to the square root of capacitance. Figure 16. Equivalent Circuit Model Schematic Table 7. Equivalent Circuit Model Parameters Variable Equation (state = 0, 1, 2…31) Unit CS 0.394*state + 1.456 pF RS 15/(state+15/(state+0.4)) + 0.4 Ω CP1 -0.0026*state + 0.4155 pF CP2 0.0029*state + 0.4914 pF RP1 4 Ω RP2 22000 + 6*(state)^3 Ω LS 0.4 nH Table 8. Maximum Operating RF Voltage Condition Limit VP to VM 6 VPK VP to RFGND 6 VPK VM to RFGND 6 VPK The overall dissipative losses of the DTC are modeled by RS, RP1 and RP2 resistors. The parameter RS represents the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of the tuning core and is dependent on state. RP1 and RP2 represent losses due to the parasitic and biasing networks. ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 8 of 13 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ UltraCMOS® RFIC Solutions PE64102 Product Specification Table 9. Equivalent Circuit Data State DTC Core Parasitic Elements Binary Decimal Cs [pF] Rs [Ω] Cp1 [pF] Cp2 [pF] Rp2 [kΩ] 00000 0 1.40 0.80 0.42 0.49 22.0 00001 1 1.79 1.68 0.41 0.49 22.0 00010 2 2.19 2.22 0.41 0.50 22.0 00011 3 2.58 2.42 0.41 0.50 22.2 00100 4 2.98 2.42 0.41 0.50 22.4 00101 5 3.37 2.33 0.40 0.51 22.8 00110 6 3.76 2.20 0.40 0.51 23.3 00111 7 4.16 2.06 0.40 0.51 24.1 01000 8 4.55 1.93 0.39 0.51 25.1 01001 9 4.95 1.82 0.39 0.52 26.4 01010 10 5.34 1.71 0.39 0.52 28.0 01011 11 5.73 1.62 0.39 0.52 30.0 01100 12 6.13 1.54 0.38 0.53 32.4 01101 13 6.52 1.46 0.38 0.53 35.2 01110 14 6.92 1.40 0.38 0.53 38.5 01111 15 7.31 1.34 0.38 0.53 42.3 10000 16 7.70 1.29 0.37 0.54 46.6 10001 17 8.10 1.24 0.37 0.54 51.5 10010 18 8.49 1.20 0.37 0.54 55.0 10011 19 8.89 1.16 0.37 0.55 63.2 10100 20 9.28 1.12 0.36 0.55 70.0 10101 21 9.67 1.09 0.36 0.55 77.6 10110 22 10.07 1.06 0.36 0.56 85.9 10111 23 10.46 1.03 0.36 0.56 95.0 11000 24 10.86 1.01 0.35 0.56 104.9 11001 25 11.25 0.99 0.35 0.56 115.8 11010 26 11.64 0.96 0.35 0.57 127.5 11011 27 12.04 0.94 0.35 0.57 140.1 11100 28 12.43 0.93 0.34 0.57 153.7 11101 29 12.83 0.91 0.34 0.58 168.3 11110 30 13.22 0.89 0.34 0.58 184.0 11111 31 13.61 0.88 0.33 0.58 200.7 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ www.psemi.com Ls [nH] Rp1 [Ω] 0.40 4.0 ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 9 of 13 PE64102 Product Specification Evaluation Board Figure 17. Evaluation Board Layout The 101-0700 Evaluation Board (EVB) was designed for accurate measurement of the DTC impedance and loss. Two configurations are available: 1 Port Shunt (J3) and 2 Port Shunt (J4, J5). Three calibration standards are provided. The open (J2) and short (J1) standards (104 ps delay) are used for performing port extensions and accounting for electrical length and transmission line loss. The Thru (J9, J10) standard can be used to estimate PCB transmission line losses for scalar de-embedding of the 2 Port Shunt configuration (J4, J5). The board consists of a 4 layer stack with 2 outer layers made of Rogers 4350B (εr = 3.48) and 2 inner layers of FR4 (εr = 4.80). The total thickness of this board is 62 mils (1.57 mm). The inner layers provide a ground plane for the transmission lines. Each transmission line is designed using a coplanar waveguide with ground plane (CPWG) model using a trace width of 32 mils (0.813 mm), gap of 15 mils (0.381 mm), and a metal thickness of 1.4 mils (0.036 mm). 101-0700 ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 10 of 13 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ UltraCMOS® RFIC Solutions PE64102 Product Specification Figure 18. Evaluation Board Schematic U1 PE6410X_QFN_12L_2X2 R2 DNI 3 R4 DNI 4 SEN SCLK VDD SDAT RF- RF+ 7 RF- RF+ J8 14 PIN HEADER 10 J3 R3 DNI SMA CONN 9 J9 SMA CONN SDA SEN SCL J10 THRU SMA CONN 1 PORT SHUNT VDD R6 C10 100pF 100pF TP4 OPEN SMA CONN R8 R5 C11 DNI J2 DNI 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 R7 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 DNI 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 DNI 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 12 2 5 13 8 11 GND GND PADDLE GND GND 6 1 J1 C9 C3 100pF 100pF TP5 SHORT SMA CONN U2 PE6410X_QFN_12L_2X2 R13 DNI 3 R14 DNI 4 SCLK SEN VDD SDAT RF- RF+ 7 RF- RF+ 12 10 R1 DNI 9 J11 14 PIN HEADER J4 13 11 SDA_1 9 SEN_1 7 SCL_1 5 3 1 VDD_1 SMA CONN R10 R11 C13 C12 100pF 100pF 100pF R12 R9 C14 DNI 2 PORT SHUNT DNI 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 DNI 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 DNI 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 J5 SMA CONN 2 5 13 8 11 GND GND PADDLE GND GND 6 1 C7 100pF 102-0833 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ www.psemi.com ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 11 of 13 PE64102 Product Specification Figure 19. Package Drawing 12-lead 2 x 2 x 0.55 mm QFN Figure 20. Top Marking Specifications PPZZ YWW Marking Spec Symbol Package Marking PP CS ZZ 00-99 Y 0-9 WW 01-53 Definition Part number marking for PE64102 Last two digits of lot code Last digit of year, starting from 2009 (0 for 2010, 1 for 2011, etc) Work week 17-0112 ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 12 of 13 Document No. 70-0428-01 │ UltraCMOS® RFIC Solutions PE64102 Product Specification Figure 21. Tape and Reel Specifications 12-lead 2 x 2 x 0.55 mm QFN Tape Feed Direction Device Orientation in Tape Table 10. Ordering Information Order Code Package Description Shipping Method PE64102MLAA-Z 12-lead 2 x 2 x 0.55 mm QFN Package Part in Tape and Reel 3000 units/T&R EK64102-11 Evaluation Kit Evaluation Kit 1 Set/Box Sales Contact and Information For sales and contact information please visit www.psemi.com. Advance Information: The product is in a formative or design stage. The datasheet contains design target specifications for product development. Specifications and features may change in any manner without notice. Preliminary Specification: The datasheet contains preliminary data. Additional data may be added at a later date. Peregrine reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice in order to supply the best possible product. Product Specification: The datasheet contains final data. In the event Peregrine decides to change the specifications, Peregrine will notify customers of the intended changes by issuing a CNF (Customer Notification Form). The information in this datasheet is believed to be reliable. However, Peregrine assumes no liability for the use of this information. Use shall be entirely at the user’s own risk. Document No. 70-0428-01 │ www.psemi.com No patent rights or licenses to any circuits described in this datasheet are implied or granted to any third party. Peregrine’s products are not designed or intended for use in devices or systems intended for surgical implant, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in any application in which the failure of the Peregrine product could create a situation in which personal injury or death might occur. Peregrine assumes no liability for damages, including consequential or incidental damages, arising out of the use of its products in such applications. The Peregrine name, logo, UltraCMOS and UTSi are registered trademarks and HaRP, MultiSwitch and DuNE are trademarks of Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. ©2012 Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. Page 13 of 13