A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS Features Description GM1117 of positive adjustable and fixed regulators is de- Adjustable or Fixed Output signed to provide 1.0A output with low dropout voltage per- Output Current of 1.0A formance. On-chip trimming adjusts the reference voltage Dropout Voltage (Typical) 1.15V @ 1.0A to 1%. For usage on working in post regulators or micro- Line Regulation 0.2% max. processor power supplies, low voltage operation and fast Load Regulation 0.4% max. transient response are required. Fast Transient Response Pin-to-pin compatible with the LT1086 family of regulators, Current Limit Protection GM1117 is available in surface-mount SOT-223 and TO- Thermal Shutdown Protection 252 packages. Application High Efficiency Linear Regulators Hard Drive Controllers Post Regulators for Switching Supplies Battery Chargers Microprocessor Supply Adjustable Power Supply TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS (Adjustable Version) GM1117-Adj 3 ADJ + VOUT= 3.45V VOUT 2 VIN 1 C1 10µF Tant VOUT= VREF X (1 + R1 133W 1.0% R2 232W 1.0% VIN> 4.75V 3 VIN GM1117-3.3 VOUT 2 VOUT= 3.3V GND + C2 10µF Tant. Min + 1 C1 10µF Tant + C2 10µF Tant. Min GM1117 V0.1 VIN> 4.75V (Fixed Version) R2 ) + IADJ X R2 R1 Notes: 1. C1 needed if device is far from filter capacitors 2. C2 minimum value required for stability www.gammamicro.com 1 A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS MARKING INFORMATION & PIN CONFIGURATIONS (Top View) TO-252 (DPAK) 2 TO-220 TO-263-2 (D PAK) SOT-223 GM1117 VVAYWW GM1117 VVAYWW GM1117 GM1117 VVAYWW VVAYWW VIN VOUT ADJ/GND* VIN VOUT ADJ/ GND* VIN VOUT VIN VOUT ADJ/ GND* ADJ/ GND* V V/VVV A Y WW On fixed versions Pin 1 = GND, on adjustable versions Pin 1 = ADJ Tab = VOUT = Output Voltage (50 = 5.0V, 285= 2.85V ,A =Adj ) = Assembly Location = Year = Weekly ORDERING INFORMATION Output Voltage Package Shipping GM1117-AST3T Adj SOT-223 80 Units / Tube GM1117-AST3R Adj SOT-223 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-ATC3T Adj TO-252 80 Units / Tube GM1117-ATC3R Adj TO-252 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-ATB3T Adj TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM1117-ATA3T Adj TO-263 50 Units / Tube GM1117-ATA3R Adj TO-263 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-1.5ST3T 1.5 SOT-223 80 Units / Tube GM1117-1.5ST3R 1.5 SOT-223 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-1.5TC3T 1.5 TO-252 80 Units / Tube GM1117-1.5TC3R 1.5 TO-252 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-1.5TB3T 1.5 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM1117-1.5TA3T 1.5 TO-263 50 Units / Tube 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117 Ordering Number 2 GM1117-1.5TA3R 1.5 TO-263 GM1117-1.8ST3T 1.8 SOT-223 80 Units / Tube 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-1.8ST3R 1.8 SOT-223 GM1117-1.8TC3T 1.8 TO-252 80 Units / Tube 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-1.8TC3R 1.8 TO-252 GM1117-1.8TB3T 1.8 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM1117-1.8TA3T 1.8 TO-263 50 Units / Tube GM1117-1.8TA3R 1.8 TO-263 800 Units / Tape & Reel * For detail Ordering Number identification, please see last page. A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS Output Voltage Package Shipping GM1117-2.5ST3T 2.5 SOT-223 80 Units / Tube GM1117- 2.5 ST3R 2.5 SOT-223 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-2.5TC3T 2.5 TO-252 80 Units / Tube 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel Ordering Number GM1117-2.5TC3R 2.5 TO-252 GM1117-2.5TB3T 2.5 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM1117-2.5TA3T 2.5 TO-263 50 Units / Tube GM1117-2.5TA3R 2.5 TO-263 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-2.85ST3T 2.85 SOT-223 80 Units / Tube GM1117- 2.85 ST3R 2.85 SOT-223 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-2.85TC3T 2.85 TO-252 80 Units / Tube GM1117-2.85TC3R 2.85 TO-252 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-2.85TB3T 2.85 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM1117-2.85TA3T 2.85 TO-263 50 Units / Tube GM1117-2.85TA3R 2.85 TO-263 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-3.0ST3T 3.0 SOT-223 80 Units / Tube GM1117- 3.0 ST3R 3.0 SOT-223 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-3.0TC3T 3.0 TO-252 80 Units / Tube GM1117-3.0TC3R 3.0 TO-252 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-3.0TB3T 3.0 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM1117-3.0TA3T 3.0 TO-263 50 Units / Tube GM1117-3.0TA3R 3.0 TO-263 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117- 3.3 ST3T 3.3 SOT-223 80 Units / Tube GM1117- 3.3 ST3R 3.3 SOT-223 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-3.3TC3T 3.3 TO-252 80 Units / Tube GM1117-3.3TC3R 3.3 TO-252 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-3.3TB3T 3.3 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM1117-3.3TA3T 3.3 TO-263 50 Units / Tube GM1117-3.3TA3R 3.3 TO-263 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-5.0ST3T 5.0 SOT-223 80 Units / Tube GM1117- 5.0 ST3R 5.0 SOT-223 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-5.0TC3T 5.0 TO-252 80 Units / Tube GM1117-5.0TC3R 5.0 TO-252 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel GM1117-5.0TB3T 5.0 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM1117-5.0TA3T 5.0 TO-263 50 Units / Tube GM1117-5.0TA3R 5.0 TO-263 800 Units / Tape & Reel * For detail Ordering Number identification, please see last page. GM1117 ORDERING INFORMATION (Continued) 3 A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PARAMETER SYMBOL VALUE UNIT Power Dissipation PD Internally limited W Input Voltage VIN 7.0 V TLEAD 300 °C TJ 0 to 125 0 to 150 °C Storage Temperature Range TSTG -65 to + 150 °C Thermal Characteristics SOT-223 Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case DPAK Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case 2 D PAK Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case RqJC Lead Temperature(Soldering, 10sec) Operating Junction Temperature Range Control Section Power Transistor 15 °C/ W 6.0 3.0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (Fixed Version) VOUT VIN Thermal Shutdown Error Amplifier - Output Current Limit + Bandgap Reference GND (Adjustable Version) GM1117 VOUT 4 VIN Thermal Shutdown Error Amplifier - Bandgap Reference Output Current Limit + ADJ A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Typicals and limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25°C) Symbol Reference Voltage GM1117-Adj VREF GM1117-1.8 VO GM1117-3.3 Load Regulation 0 IOUT 1.0A, 4V VIN 7V IOUT=10mA, VIN=4.8V 0 IOUT 1.0A, 4.8V VIN 7V IOUT=10mA, VIN=6.5V GM1117-5.0 Line Regulation 10mA IOUT 1.0A, 2.65V VIN 7V IOUT=10mA, VIN=3.3V 0 IOUT 1.0A, 3.3V VIN 7V IOUT=10mA, VIN=4V GM1117-2.5 Output Voltage Condition IOUT=10mA, VIN= 5V 0 IOUT 1.0A, 6.5V VIN 7V GM1117-Adj IOUT=10mA, 2.75V GM1117-1.8 IOUT=10mA, 3.3V GM1117-2.5 REGLINE IOUT=10mA, 4V VIN Max 1.262 1.275 1.818 1.836 2.525 2.550 3.333 3.366 5.050 5.100 0.04 0.20 0.04 0.20 0.04 0.20 7V 7V 7V IOUT=10mA, 4.8V VIN 7V 0.04 0.20 GM1117-5.0 IOUT=10mA, 6.5V VIN 7V 0.04 0.20 GM1117-Adj VIN-VOUT=1.5V, 10mA IO 0.20 0.40 GM1117-1.8 VIN=3.3V, 10mA IO 1.0A 0.20 0.40 VIN=4.0V, 10mA IO 1.0A 0.20 0.40 GM1117-3.3 VIN=4.8V, 10mA IO 1.0A 0.20 0.40 GM1117-5.0 VIN=6.5V, 10mA IO 1.0A 0.20 0.40 1.15 1.3 GM1117-2.5 REGLOAD VD IOUT=1.0A Current Limit ICL VIN-VOUT=3V GM1117-Adj IO MIN 1.0A 1.1 VIN=5V 3.1 3 7 1.0A 7 13 VIN=4.0V, 10mA IO 1.0A 7 13 GM1117-3.3 VIN=4.8V, 10mA IO 1.0A 7 13 GM1117-5.0 VIN=6.5V, 10mA IO 1.0A 7 13 IOUT=10mA, 2.75V VIN 55 90 GM1117-2.5 Quiescent Current GM1117-Adj IQ IADJ Temp. Coefficient Unit V V V V V % % V A VIN=3.3V, 10mA IO GM1117-1.8 Adjust Pin Current VIN Typ 1.250 1.250 1.800 1.800 2.500 2.500 3.300 3.300 5.000 5.000 GM1117-3.3 Dropout Voltage Minimum Load Current VIN Min 1.238 1.225 1.782 1.764 2.475 2.450 3.267 3.234 4.950 4.900 mA mA 7V µA VIN-VOUT=1.5V, IOUT=10mA 0.005 %/°C 0.003 %/W 72 dB Thermal Regulation TC TA=25°C, 30ms pulse Ripple Rejection RA VIN-VOUT=1.5V, IOUT=1.0A 60 GM1117 Parameter 5 A A MICROELECTRONICS Power Management GM1117 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS APPLICATION INFORMATION GM1117 VIN VIN GM1117 linear regulators provide fixed and adjustable C1 VOUT VOUT VREF Adj R1 C2 output voltages at currents up to 1.0A. These regulators are protected against overcurrent conditions and in- IAdj clude thermal shutdown protection. The GM1117's CAdj have a composite PNP-NPN output transistor and re- R2 quire an output capacitor for stability. A detailed procedure for selecting this capacitor follows. Figure 1. Resistor Divider Scheme Adjustable Operation Stability Considerations The GM1117 has an output voltage range of 1.25 V to The output compensation capacitor helps to deter- 5.5 V. An external resistor divider sets the output volt- mine three main characteristics of a linear regula- age as shown in Figure 1. The regulator maintains a tor's performance: start-up delay, load transient re- fixed 1.25V (typical) reference between the output pin sponse, and loop stability. The capacitor value and and the adjust pin. type is based on cost, availability, size and temperature constraints. A tantalum or aluminum electrolytic A resistor divider network R1 and R2 causes a capacitor is preferred, as a film or ceramic capacitor fixed current to flow to ground. This current with almost zero ESR can cause instability. An alu- creates a voltage across R2 that adds to the 1.25 V minum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive across R1 and sets the overall output voltage. The type, but when the circuit operates at low tempera- adjust pin current (typically 50 µA) also flows tures, both the value and ESR of the capacitor will through R2 and adds a small error that should be vary widely. For optimum performance over the full taken into account if precise adjustment of VOUT is operating temperature range, a tantalum capacitor is necessary. best. A 22µF tantalum capacitor will work fine in The output voltage is set according to the formula: most applications, but with high current regulators such as the GM1117 higher capacitance values will R1 + R2 VOUT = VREF X ( ) + IAdj X R2 R1 The term IAdj × R2 represents the error added by the adjust pin current. R1 is chosen so that the minimum load current is at least 2.0 mA. R1 and R2 should be the same type, e.g. metal film for best tracking over temperature. While not required, a bypass capacitor from the adjust pin to ground will improve ripple rejection and transient response. A 0.1 µF tantalum capacitor is recommended for “first cut” design. Type and value may be varied to obtain optimum performance vs. price. improve the transient response and stability. Most applications for the GM1117's involve large changes in load current, so the output capacitor must supply instantaneous load current. The ESR of the output capacitor causes an immediate drop in output voltage given by: DV = DI x ESR In microprocessor applications an output capacitor network of several tantalum and ceramic capacitors in parallel is commonly used. This reduces overall ESR and minimizes the instantaneous output voltage drop under transient load conditions. The output capacitor network should be placed as close to the load as possible for the best results. Used with large output capacitance values and the input voltage is instantaneously shorted to ground, damage can occur. In this case, a diode connected GM1117 as shown above in Figure 1. 6 A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS Protection Diodes Output Voltage Sensing When large external capacitors are used with most The GM1117 are three terminal regulators. For which, linear regulator, it is wise to add protection diodes. If they cannot provide true remote load sensing. Load the input voltage of the regulator is shorted, the out- regulation is limited by the resistance of the conductors put capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the value of capacitor, output voltage, and rate at which VIN connecting the regulator to the load. For best results the GM1117 should be connected are as shown in Figure 3. drops. Figure 2 VIN (a),(b) Protection Diode Scheme for Large Output Capacitors VIN VOUT RC Conductor Parasitic Resistance GM1117-3.3 RLOAD GND (a) Fixed Version (a) Fixed Version IN4002 VIN VIN VOUT VOUT VIN GM1117-3.3 VOUT RC Conductor Parasitic Resistance GM1117-Adj GND C1 VIN C2 ADJ R1 RLOAD R2 (b) Adjustable Version (b) Adjustable Version Figure 3 (a),(b) Conductor Parasitic Resistance Effects are Minimized by this Grounding Scheme For Fixed and Adjustable Output Regulators IN4002 VIN VIN VOUT VOUT GM1117-Adj C1 ADJ R1 C2 Calculating Power Dissipation and Heat Sink Requirements CADJ R2 The GM1117 precision linear regulators include thermal shutdown and current limit circuitry to protect the de- is through a large junction, and protection diodes are normally not needed. However, damage can occur if vices. However, high power regulators normally operate at high junction temperatures. It is important to calculate the power dissipation and junction temperatures the regulator is used with large output capacitance accurately to be sure that you use and adequate heat values and the input voltage is instantaneously sink. The case is connected to VOUT on the GM1117, shorted to ground. In this case, a diode connected and electrical isolation may be required for some appli- as shown above in Figure 2. cations. Thermal compound should always be used with high current regulators like the GM1117. GM1117 In the GM1117 linear regulators, the discharge path 7 A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS The thermal characteristics of an IC depend four factors: 1. Maximum Ambient Temperature TA (°C) 2. Power Dissipation PD (Watts) 3. Maximum Junction Temperature TJ (°C) 4. Thermal Resistance Junction to ambient RQJA (°C/W) The relationship of these four factors is expressed by equation (1): TJ = TA + PD X RQJA ........(1) Maximum ambient temperature and power dissipation are determined by the design while the maximum junction temperature and thermal resistance depend on the manufacturer and the package type. The maximum power dissipation for a regulator is expressed by equation (2): PD(max) = { VIN(max)- VOUT(min) } IOUT(max) + VIN(max)IQ ........(2) where: VIN(max) is the maximum input voltage, VOUT(min) is the minimum output voltage, IOUT(max) is the maximum output current IQ is the maximum quiescent current at IOUT(max). A heat sink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC into the air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the environment has a thermal resistance. Like series electrical resistances, these re- , sistance are summed to determine RQJA the total thermal resistance between the junction and the air. This is expressed by equation (3): RQJA = RQJC + RQ CS+ R QSA ........(3) GM1117 Where all of the following are in °C/W: RQJC is thermal resistance of junction to case, RQCS is thermal resistance of case to heat sink, RQSA is thermal resistance of heat sink to ambient air 8 The value for RQJA is calculated using equation (3) and the result can be substituted in equation (1). The value for RQJC is 3.5°C/W for a given package type based on an average die size. For a high current regulator such as the GM1117 the majority of the heat is generated in the power transistor section. A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS Typical Performance Characteristics 1.00 0.10 TCASE = 0°C 0.08 Output Voltage Deviation (%) 0.95 TCASE = 25°C VDROPOUT 0.90 0.85 TCASE = 125°C 0.80 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 0.75 0 200 400 600 800 1000 -0.12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 IOUT(mA) Figure 4. Reference Voltage vs. Temperature 70 85 75 IO = 10mA Ripple Rejection(dB) 65 Adjust Pin Current(µA) TJ (°C) Figure 3. Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current 60 55 50 45 40 0 10 65 55 45 TCASE = 25°C IOUT = 1.0A (VIN - VOUT) = 3.0V 25 VRIPPLE = 1.0VP-P Cadj =0.1µF 35 15 101 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Temperature (°C) 103 104 105 106 Frequency(Hz) Figure 5. Adjust Pin Current vs. Temperature Figure 6. Ripple Rejection vs. Frequency 300 3.5 200 3.3 3.1 100 2.9 0 ISC (A) VOUT = 3.3V COUT = CIN = 22µF Tantalum CAdj =0.1µF -100 -200 2.5 2.3 2.1 1000 1.9 500 0 0 2.7 1.7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Time(µS) Figure 7. Transient Response 9 10 1.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VIN - VOUT(V) Figure 8. Short Circuit Current vs. VIN-VOUT GM1117 Load Step(mA) Voltage Deviation(mV) 102 9 A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS TO-252-3 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 6.50 ± 0.05 2.30 ± 0.05 5.340 ± 0.05 Pad Layout 0.508 ± 0.0127 29° ± 0.5° REF 0.6 7° 0.244 6.20 1.0 ± 0.05 0.118 3.0 6.10 ± 0.05 0.070 ± 0.05 7.20 ± 0.05 9.900 7° 7° 0.75 ± 0.10 0.243 6.172 0.228 5.80 0.75 ± 0.10 2.70 ± 0.10 0.89 ± 0.05 1.525 ± 0.10 R 0.25 ± 0.13 0.81 ± 0.038 0.101 2.58 0.063 1.6 ( Inches ) mm Unit: mm R0.15 max 2° SOT- 223 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 1.80max 0.3 ± 0.05 3.0 ± 0.05 1.75 ± 0.10 0.65 ± 0.10 0.60 0.06 ± 0.04 3.5 ± 0.10 Pad Layout 0.15 3.8 7.0 ± 0.15 0.079 2.0 1.75 ± 0.10 0~0.075 0~10° 2.30TYP GM1117 0.95TYP 10 4.6 ± 0.1 0.091 2.3 0.70 ± 0.05 0.248 6.3 0.091 2.3 0.079 2.0 13° 0.059 1.5 0.84 1.6 ± 0.10 0.46 13° Unit: mm 6.50 ± 0.10 0.059 1.5 0.059 1.5 Inches mm A Power Management GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS TO-220 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 4.50 ± 0.20 9.90 ± 0.20 3.60 ± 0.20 8.0 8.70 2.80 ± 0.10 7.0 +0.1 1.30 -0.05 4.60 8.40 3° 45° 3.00 1.27 ± 0.10 3° 3° 3-R0.2 +0.1 0.80 ± 0.10 1.52 ± 0.10 2.54 TYP (2.54 ± 0.20) 0.9 7.0 10.08 ± 0.30 13.08 ± 0.20 1.46 1.00 3° 18.95 MAX 3.70 ± 0.20 15.90 ± 0.20 1.50 DP0.20 9.20 ± 0.20 1.30 ± 0.10 1.70 0.50 -0.05 2.40 ± 0.20 3° 2 - R 0.3 Unit: mm 10.00 ± 0.20 TO-263-2 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 9.90 ± 0.20 4.50 ± 0.20 +0.1 1.30 -0.05 15° 0.40 1.20 Pad Layout 3° 1.50 DP0.20 0.63 17.02 0.33 8.38 9.20 ± 0.20 15.3 ± 0.20 0.10 ± 0.01 3° 3° 1.4 ± 0.20 R0.30 2.40 ± 0.20 2.00 ± 0.10 4.90 ± 0.20 2.54 ± 0.10 0.75 R0.30 0.90 ± 0.10 1.27 ± 0.10 2.54 TYP (2.54 ± 0.20) 0.12 3.05 0.42 10.66 0.24 6.096 +0.1 0.50 -0.05 0.04 1.016 10.0 ± 0.20 7.0 4.0 3° 3° ( R 0.3 R 0.45 7.2 9.20 ± 0.20 10.00 ± 0.20 4.90 ± 0.20 Unit: mm Inches ) mm GM1117 0.40 0.90 11 A A MICROELECTRONICS Power Management GM1117 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS ORDERING NUMBER GM 1117 A ST3 R Gamma Micro. Shipping R: Tape & Reel T: Tube Circuit Type GM1117 Output Voltage A: Adj, 1.5: 1.5V 1.8: 1.8V, 2.5: 2.5V 2.85: 2.85V, 3.0: 3.0V 3.3: 3.3V, 5.0: 5.0V 12 Package TC3: TO-252 TB3: TO-220 TA3: TO-263-2 ST3: SOT-223 A 1.0A LOW DROPOUT PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS GM1117 A MICROELECTRONICS Power Management GM1117 13