CS5203A-1, CS5203A-2, CS5203A-3, CS5203A-5 3.0 A Adjustable, and Fixed 1.5 V, 3.3 V and 5.0 V Linear Regulators The CS5203A series of linear regulators provides 3.0 A at adjustable and fixed voltages with an accuracy of ±1.0% and ±2.0% respectively. The adjustable version uses two external resistors to set the output voltage within a 1.25 V to 13 V range. The regulators are intended for use as post regulators and microprocessor supplies. The fast loop response and low dropout voltage make these regulators ideal for applications where low voltage operation and good transient response are important. The circuit is designed to operate with dropout voltages as low as 1.0 V depending on the output current level. The maximum quiescent current is only 10 mA at full load. The regulators are fully protected against overload conditions with protection circuitry for Safe Operating Area (SOA), overcurrent and thermal shutdown. The CS5203A is pin compatible with the LT1085 family of linear regulators but has lower dropout voltage. The regulators are available in TO–220 and surface mount D2PAK packages. 12 2 3 D2PAK 3–PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 418E 3 D2PAK 3–PIN DPS SUFFIX CASE 418F 3 Device VOUT Output Current Limit – + Error Amplifier Adj Bandgap Tab = VOUT Pin 1. Adj 2. VOUT 3. VIN Fixed Output Tab = VOUT Pin 1. GND 2. VOUT 3. VIN Package Shipping CS5203A–1GT3 TO–220† 50 Units/Rail CS5203A–1GDP3 D2PAK† 50 Units/Rail CS5203A–1GDPR3 D2PAK† 750 Tape & Reel CS5203A–2GT3 TO–220† 50 Units/Rail CS5203A–2GDP3 D2PAK† 50 Units/Rail CS5203A–2GDPR3 D2PAK† 750 Tape & Reel CS5203A–2GDPSR3 D2PAK† 750 Tape & Reel CS5203A–3GT3 TO–220† 50 Units/Rail CS5203A–3GDP3 D2PAK† 50 Units/Rail CS5203A–3GDPR3 D2PAK† 750 Tape & Reel CS5203A–3GDPSR3 D2PAK† 750 Tape & Reel CS5203A–5GT3 TO–220† 50 Units/Rail *Additional ordering information can be found on page 8 of this data sheet. †TO–220 is 3–pin, straight leaded. D2PAK are all 3–pin. DEVICE MARKING INFORMATION Figure 1. Block Diagram – CS5203A–1 February, 2001 – Rev. 3 1 Adjustable Output ORDERING INFORMATION* VIN Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001 TO–220 THREE LEAD T SUFFIX CASE 221A 12 Features • Output Current to 3.0 A • Output Trimmed to ±1.0% • Dropout Voltage 1.05 V @ 3.0 A • Fast Transient Response • Fault Protection Circuitry – Thermal Shutdown – Overcurrent Protection – Safe Area Protection Thermal Shutdown http://onsemi.com See general marking information in the device marking section on page 8 of this data sheet. 1 Publication Order Number: CS5203A/D CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 VOUT VIN Output Current Limit Thermal Shutdown – + Error Amplifier Bandgap GND Figure 2. Block Diagram – CS5203A–2, –3, –5 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Parameter Supply Voltage, VCC Operating Temperature Range Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature Soldering: Wave Solder (through hole styles only) Note 1. Reflow (SMD styles only) Note 2. Value Unit 17 V –40 to +70 °C 150 °C –60 to +150 °C 260 Peak 230 Peak °C 1. 10 second maximum. 2. 60 second maximum above 183°C. *The maximum package power dissipation must be observed. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CIN = 10 µF, COUT = 22 µF Tantalum, VIN – VOUT = 3.0 V, VIN ≤ 15 V, 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, TJ ≤ +150°C, unless otherwise specified, Ifull load = 3.0 A.) Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 1.241 (–1%) 1.254 1.266 (+1%) V Adjustable Output Voltage (CS5203A–1) Reference Voltage (Notes 3. and 4.) VIN – VOUT = 1.5 V; VAdj = 0 V, 10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 3.0 A Line Regulation 1.5 V ≤ VIN – VOUT ≤ 6.0 V; IOUT = 10 mA – 0.04 0.20 % Load Regulation (Notes 3. and 4.) VIN – VOUT = 1.5 V; 10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 3.0 A – 0.03 0.4 % Dropout Voltage (Note 5.) IOUT = 3.0 A – 1.05 1.15 V Current Limit VIN – VOUT = 3.0 V; TJ ≥ 25°C VIN – VOUT = 15 V 3.2 – 5.5 2.5 – – A A Minimum Load Current VIN – VOUT = 7.0 V – 1.2 6.0 mA – 50 100 µA Adjust Pin Current – Adjust Pin Current Change 1.5 V ≤ VIN – VOUT ≤ 4.0 V; 10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 3.0 A – 0.2 5.0 µA Thermal Regulation 30 ms pulse; TA = 25°C – 0.003 – %/W 3. Load regulation and output voltage are measured at a constant junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing. Changes in output voltage due to thermal gradients or temperature changes must be taken into account separately. 4. Specifictions apply for an external Kelvin sense connection at a point on the output pin 1/4” from the bottom of the package. 5. Dropout voltage is a measurement of the minimum input/output differentail at full load. http://onsemi.com 2 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (CIN = 10 µF, COUT = 22 µF Tantalum, VIN – VOUT = 3.0 V, VIN ≤ 15 V, 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, TJ ≤ +150°C, unless otherwise specified, Ifull load = 3.0 A.) Test Conditions Characteristic Min Typ Max Unit – 85 – dB – 0.5 – % – 0.003 – %VOUT Adjustable Output Voltage (CS5203A–1) (continued) f = 120 Hz; CAdj = 25 µF; IOUT = 3.0 A Ripple Rejection Temperature Stability – 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz; TA = 25°C RMS Output Noise Thermal Shutdown – 150 180 – °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis – – 25 – °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CIN = 10 µF, COUT = 22 µF Tantalum, VIN – VOUT = 3.0 V, VIN ≤ 15 V, 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, TJ ≤ +150°C, unless otherwise specified, Ifull load = 3.0 A.) Test Conditions Characteristic Min Typ Max Unit 4.9 (–2%) 3.234 (–2%) 1.47 (–2%) 5.0 3.3 1.5 5.1 (+2%) 3.366 (+2%) 1.53 (+2%) V V V Fixed Output Voltage (CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5) Reference Voltage (Notes 6. and 7.) CS5203A–5 CS5203A–3 CS5203A–2 VIN – VOUT = 1.5 V; 0 ≤ IOUT ≤ 3.0A VIN – VOUT = 1.5 V; 0 ≤ IOUT ≤ 3.0A VIN – VOUT = 1.5 V; 0 ≤ IOUT ≤ 3.0A Line Regulation 1.5 V ≤ VIN – VOUT ≤ 6.0 V; IOUT = 10 mA – 0.04 0.20 % Load Regulation (Notes 6. and 7.) VIN – VOUT = 1.5 V; 10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 3.0 A – 0.03 0.4 % Dropout Voltage (Note 8.) IOUT = 3.0 A – 1.05 1.15 V Current Limit VIN – VOUT = 3.0 V; TJ ≥ 25°C VIN – VOUT = 15 V 3.2 – 5.5 2.5 – – A A Quiescent Current VIN ≤ 9.0 V; IOUT = 10 mA – 5.0 10 mA Thermal Regulation 30 ms pulse; TA = 25°C – 0.003 – %/W Ripple Rejection f = 120 Hz; IOUT = 3.0 A – 78 – dB – 0.5 – % – 0.003 – %VOUT Temperature Stability – RMS Output Noise (%VOUT) 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz Thermal Shutdown – 150 180 – °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis – – 25 – °C 6. Load regulation and output voltage are measured at a constant junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing. Changes in output voltage due to thermal gradients or temperature changes must be taken into account separately. 7. Specifictions apply for an external Kelvin sense connection atr a point on the output pin 1/4” from the bottom of the package. 8. Dropout voltage is a measurement of the minimum input/output differentail at full load. PACKAGE PIN DESCRIPTION Package Pin Number CS5203A–1 D2PAK CS5203A–2, –3, –5 TO–220 D2PAK TO–220 Pin Symbol Function 1 1 N/A N/A Adj Adjust pin (low side of the internal reference). 2 2 2 2 VOUT 3 3 3 3 VIN N/A N/A 1 1 GND http://onsemi.com 3 Regulated output voltage (case). Input voltage. Ground connection. CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 1.15 0.10 1.10 0.08 1.05 Output Voltage Deviation (%) Dropout Voltage (V) TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TCASE = 0°C 1.00 0.95 0.90 TCASE = 25°C 0.85 TCASE = 125°C 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 –0.02 –0.04 –0.06 –0.08 –0.10 –0.12 0 1 2 3 0 Output Current (A) TJ (°C) Figure 3. Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current Figure 4. Reference Voltage vs. Temperature 2.500 Minimum Load Current (mA) 0.100 Output Voltage Deviation (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0.075 0.050 TCASE = 125°C TCASE = 25°C 0.025 2.175 TCASE = 0°C 1.850 1.525 TCASE = 25°C 1.200 0.875 TCASE = 125°C TCASE = 0°C 0.550 0.000 0 1 2 3 1 3 4 5 6 7 Output Current (A) VIN – VOUT (V) Figure 5. Load Regulation vs. Output Current Figure 6. Minimum Load Current 8 9 100 70 IO = 10 mA 90 65 80 Ripple Rejection (dB) Adjust Pin Current (µA) 2 60 55 50 70 60 50 40 30 20 45 TCASE = 25°C IOUT = 3.0 A (VIN – VOUT) = 3.0 V VRIPPLE = 1.6 VPP 10 40 0 0 101 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 102 103 104 Temperature (°C) Frequency (Hz) Figure 7. Adjust Pin Current vs. Temperature Figure 8. Ripple Rejection vs. Frequency (Fixed Versions) http://onsemi.com 4 105 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 100 90 Ripple Rejection (dB) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 101 TCASE = 25°C IOUT = 3.0 A (VIN – VOUT) = 3.0 V VRIPPLE = 1.6 VPP CAdj = 25 µF 102 103 104 105 Frequency (Hz) Figure 9. Ripple Rejection vs. Frequency (Adjustable Versions) APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The CS5203A family of linear regulators provides fixed or adjustable voltages at currents up to 3.0 A. The regulators are protected against short circuit, and include thermal shutdown and safe area protection (SOA) circuitry. The SOA protection circuitry decreases the maximum available output current as the input–output differential voltage increases. The CS5203A has a composite PNP–NPN output transistor and requires an output capacitor for stability. A detailed procedure for selecting this capacitor is included in the Stability Considerations section. VIN C1 VOUT CS5203A–1 VREF Adj R1 C2 IAdj CAdj Adjustable Operation R2 Figure 10. Resistor Divider Scheme for the Adjustable Version The adjustable regulator (CS5203A–1) has an output voltage range of 1.25 V to 13 V. An external resistor divider sets the output voltage as shown in Figure 10. The regulator maintains a fixed 1.25 V (typical) reference between the output pin and the adjust pin. A resistor divider network R1 and R2 causes a fixed current to flow to ground. This current creates a voltage across R2 that adds to the 1.25 V across R1 and sets the overall output voltage. The adjust pin current (typically 50 µA) also flows through R2 and adds a small error that should be taken into account if precise adjustment of VOUT is necessary. The output voltage is set according to the formula: VOUT VIN Stability Considerations The output or compensation capacitor helps determine three main characteristics of a linear regulator: start–up delay, load transient response and loop stability. The capacitor value and type is based on cost, availability, size and temperature constraints. A tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor is best, since a film or ceramic capacitor with almost zero ESR, can cause instability. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive solution. However, when the circuit operates at low temperatures, both the value and ESR of the capacitor will vary considerably. The capacitor manufacturers data sheet provides this information. A 22 µF tantalum capacitor will work for most applications, but with high current regulators such as the CS5203A the transient response and stability improve with higher values of capacitor. The majority of applications for this regulator involve large changes in load current so the output capacitor must supply the instantaneous load current. VOUT VREF R1 R2 IAdj R2 R1 The term IAdj × R2 represents the error added by the adjust pin current. R1 is chosen so that the minimum load current is at least 10 mA. R1 and R2 should be the same type, e.g. metal film for best tracking over temperature. The adjust pin is bypassed to improve the transient response and ripple rejection of the regulator. http://onsemi.com 5 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 Output Voltage Sensing The ESR of the output capacitor causes an immediate drop in output voltage given by: Since the CS5203A is a three terminal regulator, it is not possible to provide true remote load sensing. Load regulation is limited by the resistance of the conductors connecting the regulator to the load. For best results the fixed regulators should be connected as shown in Figure 13. V I ESR For microprocessor applications it is customary to use an output capacitor network consisting of several tantalum and ceramic capacitors in parallel. This reduces the overall ESR and reduces the instantaneous output voltage drop under load transient conditions. The output capacitor network should be as close as possible to the load for the best results. Conductor Parasitic Resistance VIN VIN VOUT RC CS5203A–X RLOAD Protection Diodes Gnd When large external capacitors are used with a linear regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes. If the input voltage of the regulator gets shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the value of the capacitor, the output voltage and the rate at which VIN drops. In the CS5203A–X family of linear regulators, the discharge path is through a large junction and protection diodes are not usually needed. If the regulator is used with large values of output capacitance and the input voltage is instantaneously shorted to ground, damage can occur. In this case, a diode connected as shown in Figures 11 and 12 is recommended. Figure 13. Conductor Parasitic Resistance can be Minimized with the Above Grounding Scheme for Fixed Output Regulators For the adjustable regulator, the best load regulation occurs when R1 is connected directly to the output pin of the regulator as shown in Figure 14. If R1 is connected to the load, RC is multiplied by the divider ratio and the effective resistance between the regulator and the load becomes IN4002 (optional) VIN VIN C1 VOUT CS5203A–1 RC R1 R2 R1 VOUT where RC = conductor parasitic resistance. Adj R1 CAdj C2 VIN R2 VIN RC VOUT Conductor Parasitic Resistance CS5203A–1 R1 Adj RLOAD Figure 11. Protection Diode Scheme for Adjustable Output Regulator R2 IN4002 (optional) VIN VOUT VIN VOUT CS5203A–X C1 Gnd Figure 14. Grounding Scheme for Adjustable Output Regulator to Minimize Parasitics C2 Figure 12. Protection Diode Scheme for Fixed Output Regulators http://onsemi.com 6 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 Calculating Power Dissipation and Heat Sink Requirements A heat sink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC and into the surrounding air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the outside environment has a thermal resistance. Like series electrical resistances, these resistances are summed to determine RΘJA, the total thermal resistance between the junction and the surrounding air. 1. Thermal Resistance of the junction to case, RΘJC (°C/W) 2. Thermal Resistance of the case to Heat Sink, RΘCS (°C/W) 3. Thermal Resistance of the Heat Sink to the ambient air, RΘSA (°C/W) These are connected by the equation: The CS5203A series of linear regulators includes thermal shutdown and current limit circuitry to protect the device. High power regulators such as these usually operate at high junction temperatures so it is important to calculate the power dissipation and junction temperatures accurately to ensure that an adequate heat sink is used. The case is connected to VOUT on the CS5203A, electrical isolation may be required for some applications. Thermal compound should always be used with high current regulators such as these. The thermal characteristics of an IC depend on the following four factors: 1. 2. 3. 4. Maximum Ambient Temperature TA (°C) Power dissipation PD (Watts) Maximum junction temperature TJ (°C) Thermal resistance junction to ambient RΘJA (°C/W) RJA RJC RCS RSA The value for RΘJA is calculated using equation (3) and the result can be substituted in equation (1). The value for RΘJC is normally quoted as a single figure for a given package type based on an average die size. For a high current regulator such as the CS5203A the majority of the heat is generated in the power transistor section. The value for RΘSA depends on the heat sink type, while RΘCS depends on factors such as package type, heat sink interface (is an insulator and thermal grease used?), and the contact area between the heat sink and the package. Once these calculations are complete, the maximum permissible value of RΘJA can be calculated and the proper heat sink selected. For further discussion on heat sink selection, see application note “Thermal Management for Linear Regulators,” document number SR006AN/D, available through the Literature Distribution Center or via our website at http://onsemi.com. These four are related by the equation TJ TA PD RJA (3) (1) The maximum ambient temperature and the power dissipation are determined by the design while the maximum junction temperature and the thermal resistance depend on the manufacturer and the package type. The maximum power dissipation for a regulator is: PD(max) {VIN(max) VOUT(min)}IOUT(max) VIN(max)IQ (2) where: VIN(max) is the maximum input voltage, VOUT(min) is the minimum output voltage, IOUT(max) is the maximum output current, for the application IQ is the maximum quiescent current at IOUT(max). http://onsemi.com 7 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 ADDITIONAL ORDERING INFORMATION Orderable Part Number Type Description CS5203A–1GT3 3.0 A, Adj. Output TO–220 THREE LEAD, STRAIGHT CS5203A–1GDP3 3.0 A, Adj. Output D2PAK 3–PIN CS5203A–1GDPR3 3.0 A, Adj. Output D2PAK 3–PIN (Tape & Reel) CS5203A–2GT3 3.0 A, 1.5 V Output TO–220 THREE LEAD, STRAIGHT CS5203A–2GDP3 3.0 A, 1.5 V Output D2PAK 3–PIN CS5203A–2GDPR3 3.0 A, 1.5 V Output D2PAK 3–PIN (Tape & Reel) CS5203A–2GDPSR3 3.0 A, 1.5 V Output D2PAK 3–PIN (Tape & Reel) CS5203A–3GT3 3.0 A, 3.3 V Output TO–220 THREE LEAD, STRAIGHT CS5203A–3GDP3 3.0 A, 3.3 V Output D2PAK 3–PIN CS5203A–3GDPR3 3.0 A, 3.3 V Output D2PAK 3–PIN (Tape & Reel) CS5203A–3GDPSR3 3.0 A, 3.3 V Output D2PAK 3–PIN (Tape & Reel) CS5203A–5GT3 3.0 A, 5.0 V Output TO–220 THREE LEAD, STRAIGHT MARKING DIAGRAMS D2PAK 3–PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 418E TO–220 THREE LEAD T SUFFIX CASE 221A CS 5203A–X AWLYWW 5203A–X AWLYWW D2PAK 3–PIN DPS SUFFIX CASE 418F CS 5203A–X AWLYYWW 1 1 1 A WL, L YY, Y WW, W = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week http://onsemi.com 8 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TO–220 THREE LEAD T SUFFIX CASE 221A–09 ISSUE AA SEATING PLANE –T– B C F T S 4 DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z A Q 1 2 3 U H K Z L R V NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. J G D N INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 0.045 ----0.080 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.07 4.82 0.64 0.88 3.61 3.73 2.42 2.66 2.80 3.93 0.46 0.64 12.70 14.27 1.15 1.52 4.83 5.33 2.54 3.04 2.04 2.79 1.15 1.39 5.97 6.47 0.00 1.27 1.15 ----2.04 D2PAK 3–PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 418E–01 ISSUE O –T– SEATING PLANE B M C E NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 4 DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N A 1 2 3 K F H G D 0.13 (0.005) M 3 PL T B J L M N http://onsemi.com 9 INCHES MIN MAX 0.326 0.336 0.396 0.406 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.090 0.110 0.100 BSC 0.098 0.108 0.018 0.025 0.204 0.214 0.045 0.055 0.055 0.066 0.000 0.004 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.28 8.53 10.05 10.31 4.31 4.57 0.66 0.91 1.14 1.40 2.29 2.79 2.54 BSC 2.49 2.74 0.46 0.64 5.18 5.44 1.14 1.40 1.40 1.68 0.00 0.10 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 D2PAK 3–PIN DPS SUFFIX CASE 418F–01 ISSUE O –T– SEATING PLANE B NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. C M E 4 DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N A 1 2 3 F K H G D 0.13 (0.005) M 3 PL T B J L M INCHES MIN MAX 0.326 0.336 0.396 0.406 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.058 0.078 0.100 BSC 0.098 0.108 0.018 0.025 0.163 0.173 0.045 0.055 0.055 0.066 0.000 0.004 N PACKAGE THERMAL DATA Parameter TO–220 THREE LEAD D2PAK 3–PIN Unit RΘJC Typical 1.6 1.6 °C/W RΘJA Typical 50 10–50* °C/W * Depending on thermal properties of substrate. RΘJA = RΘJC + RΘCA http://onsemi.com 10 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.28 8.53 10.05 10.31 4.31 4.57 0.66 0.91 1.14 1.40 1.47 1.98 2.54 BSC 2.49 2.74 0.46 0.64 4.14 4.39 1.14 1.40 1.40 1.68 0.00 0.10 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 Notes http://onsemi.com 11 CS5203A–1, CS5203A–2, CS5203A–3, CS5203A–5 ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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