A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS Features Description The GM432's are low-voltage three-terminal adjustable pre- Low-voltage operation, down to 1.24V cision shunt regulators with specified thermal stability over 0.5%, 1% or 2% reference voltage tolerance their full temperature range. Output voltage can be set to Adjustable output voltage, VO = Vref to 16V any value from Vref (1.24V) to 16V by using two external resistors. Their active output circuitry provides a very unique turn-on characteristic, making them excellent re- Sink Current Capability 80µA to 100mA Low dynamic output impedance, 0.05W typical placements for zener diodes in many applications such as Wide temperature range, 0° to +70°C onboard regulation and adjustable power supplies. In a Pin-to-pin replacement for TLV431, SC431L wide range of home applications, these versatile darlings Available in SOT-23, SOT-25, SOT-89, TO-92 are ideal voltage references for 3.0V to 3.3V switching and SOP-8 power suppies. With operational cathode current as low as 80µA, batteries keep on going. Whatever your application is, the GM432's offer the optimum combination of performance, reliability, and economy. Application Switching power supplies Battery-operated computers, Linear regulators PDA's portable devices Adjustable supplies Monitors, TV's, camcorders Instrumentation Computer disk drives LOGIC SYMBOL BLOCK DIAGRAM (POSITIVE LOGIC) CATHODE REFERENCE + REFERENCE ANODE CATHODE V ref GM432 V0.11 _ = 1.24V ANODE www.gammamicro.com 1 A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS MARKING INFORMATION & PIN CONFIGURATIONS (TOP VIEW) SOT-25(SOT-23-5) ANODE REF 5 4 Anode 2 NC GM 432G AYWW 3 XXXYW XXXYW 1 TO-92 SOT-23 2 1 3 REF NC CATHODE 1. REF 2. Anode 3. Cathode Cathode SOP-8 SOT-89 1 2 ANODE REF 3 ANODE NC 8 7 6 5 GM432G AYWW GM432G AYWW 1 2 3 4 REF 1 2 3 CATHODE CATHODE ANODE ANODE NC ANODE XXX = Marking Code G** = Grade A = Assembly Location Y = Year WW, W= Weekly ORDERING INFORMATION GM432 Ordering Number Precision Device code 2 Grade Package Shipping GM432AT92B 0.5% MAA A TO-92 1,000 Units/ ESD Bag GM432AT92RL 0.5% MAA A TO-92 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) GM432AST23R 0.5% MAA SOT-23 3,000 Units/Tape &Reel GM432AST25R 0.5% MAA SOT-25 3,000 Units/Tape &Reel GM432AS8R 0.5% MAA SOP-8 2,500 Units /Tape & Reel GM432AST89R 0.5% MAA SOT-89 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel GM432BT92B 1% MAB B TO-92 1,000 Units/ ESD Bag GM432BT92RL 1% MAB B TO-92 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) GM432BST23R 1% MAB SOT-23 3,000 Units /Tape &Reel GM432BST25R 1% MAB SOT-25 3,000 Units /Tape &Reel GM432BS8R 1% MAB SOP-8 2,500 Units /Tape & Reel GM432BST89R 1% MAB SOT-89 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel GM432CT92B 2% MAC C TO-92 1,000 Units/ ESD Bag TO-92 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) GM432CT92RL 2% MAC GM432CST23R 2% MAC SOT-23 3,000 Units /Tape &Reel GM432CST25R 2% MAC SOT-25 3,000 Units /Tape &Reel GM432CS8R 2% MAC SOP-8 2,500 Units /Tape & Reel GM432CST89R 2% MAC SOT-89 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel C * For detail Ordering Number identification, please see last page. **Grade A: indicates Precision of 0.5%, B: indicates Precision of 1%, C: indicates Precision of 2% A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (over free-air temperature range except as noted) SYMBOL VALUE UNIT VKA 20 V Continuous cathode current IK 100 mA Reference input current range Iref 3 mA PD 0.37 0.49 0.95 W q JA 336 256 132 97 TA 0 to + 70 °C TLEAD 260 °C PARAMETER Cathode Voltage (1) Power dissipation at TA = 25°C SOT-23 SOP-8 TO-92 Package thermal impedance SOT-23 SOT-25 TO-92 SOP-8 (2, 3) Operating ambient temperature range Lead temperature (soldering) 10 seconds °C/W These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any conditions beyond the "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rated conditions may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the anode except as noted. 2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), qJA and TA. Maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) - TA)/ qJA. 3. Package thermal impedance is calculated per JESD 51. SYMBOL MINIMUM MAXIMUM UNIT Cathode Voltage VKA Vref 16 V Cathode Current IK 80µA 100 mA PARAMETER GM432 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS 3 A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) GM432A (0.5%) GM432A (0.5%) PARAMETER CONDITION (1) VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25°C (1) VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to +70°C Reference input Voltage Vref Vref temp deviation Vdev VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1) Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA DVref DVKA Reference input current Iref Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range IK = 10mA, DVKA = 16V to Vref MIN TYP MAX UNIT 1.234 1.222 1.240 1.246 1.258 V 10 25 mV - 2.7 IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = (2) Iref(dev) IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = TA = full range (2) 0.15 Minimum operating current IK(min) V = V KA ref Off-state cathode current IK(off) Dynamic impedance | ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1) mV/V 0.5 mA 0.1 0.4 mA 20 80 mA 0.125 0.150 0.135 0.150 0.05 0.15 W MIN TYP MAX UNIT 1.228 1.215 1.240 1.252 1.258 V 10 25 mV (1) VKA = 6V, Vref = 0V (3) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V -1.0 (3) mA GM432B (1.0%) PARAMETER GM432 VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25°C Reference input Voltage Vref Vref temp deviation Vdev VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1) DVref Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA DVKA Reference input current Iref (1) VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to +70°C(1) IK = 10mA, DVKA = 16V to Vref - 2.7 IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = (2) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range Iref(dev) IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = TA = full range (2) Minimum operating current IK(min) V = V (1) KA ref Off-state cathode current IK(off) Dynamic impedance | ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1) NOTES: (1) See test circuit 1 on page 4. (2) See test circuit 2 on page 4. (3) See test circuit 3 on page 4. 4 CONDITION VKA = 6V, Vref = 0V (3) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V (3) -1.0 mV/V 0.15 0.5 mA 0.1 0.4 mA 20 80 mA 0.125 0.135 0.150 0.150 mA 0.05 0.15 W A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) GM432C (2.0%) PARAMETER CONDITION Reference input Voltage Vref Vref temp deviation Vdev Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA DVKA Reference input current Iref DVref VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25°C (1) VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to +70°C (1) MIN TYP MAX 1.215 1.240 1.265 1.280 1.200 VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1) 10 - 2.7 IK = 10mA, DVKA = 16V to Vref IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = (2) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range I = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = Iref(dev) K TA = full range (2) Minimum operating current IK(min) VKA = Vref (1) Off-state cathode current IK(off) Dynamic impedance | ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1) VKA = 6V, Vref = 0V (3) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V (3) 35 -1.0 UNIT V mV mV/V 0.15 0.5 mA 0.1 0.4 mA 20 80 mA 0.125 0.135 0.150 0.150 mA 0.05 0.15 W NOTES: (1) See test circuit 1. (2) See test circuit 2. (3) See test circuit 3. TEST CIRCUITS VIN VKA VIN VKA lref lk VIN VKA lk(off) R1 V ref R2 lref Vref Test Circuit 1 V KA = V ref Test Circuit 2 V KA > V ref Test Circuit 3 Off-State GM432 Vref 5 A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS TYPICAL APPLICATIONS GM432A, GM432B Vin Vout Vout Vin R1 R1 R2 R2 R1 Vout=( 1+ R2 ) Vref Vout=( 1+ Figure 1. Shunt Regulator Vin R1 ) Vref R2 Figure 2. High Current Shunt Regulator Vout Vin GM 7805 In Out Common Vout R1 R1 R2 R2 Vout=(1+ R1 )Vref R2 Vout=(1+ Vout(min) = Vref+ 5.0V Vout(min) = Vref+ Vbe Figure 3. Output Control for a Three Terminal Fixed Regulator RCL Vin Iout R1 ) Vref R2 2.0V Figure 4. Series Pass Regulator Vin Isink Vout V Isink= ref RS Iout= Vref RS RCL Figure 6. Constant Current Sink Figure 5. Constant Current Source Vout Vin Vout Vin R1 GM432 R1 6 R2 R2 Vout(trip)=(1 + R1 ) Vref R2 Figure 7. TRIAC Crowbar Vout(trip)=(1 + R1 ) Vref R2 Figure 8. SRC Crowbar A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT Notes: 1. Set VOUT according to the following equation: VOUT = VREF ( 1 + R V IN V OUT R1 R1 )+ IREF R1 R2 2. Choose the value for R as follows: The maximum limit for R should be such that the cathode current, IK, is greater than the minimum operating current (80µA) at VIN(MIN)* V REF GM432 The minimum limit for R should be such that the cathode current, IK, does not exceed 100mA under all load conditions, and the instantaneous turn-on value for IK does not exceed 150 mA. Both of the following conditions must be met: R2 GND Rmin VIN(max) 150mA (to limit instantaneous turn-on IK) VIN(max)-VOUT Rmin IOUT(min)+100mA (to limit IK under normal operating conditions) Typical Performance Characteristics 200 V KA =V REF T A =25°C 175 10 I K Cathode current (mA) I K Cathode Current (mA) 15 5 0 150 V KA =V REF T A =25 C 125 100 75 I min 50 25 0 -5 -25 -10 -2 -1 0 0.5 1 -50 -1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Cathode Voltage (V) V KA Cathode Voltage (V) Figure 10. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Figure 9. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage 250 1.2440 I K =10 mA I K =10 mA 200 150 100 50 1.2420 1.2400 1.2380 1.2360 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 T J , Junction Temperature - C Figure 11. Ref. Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 1.2340 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 T J , Junction Temperature - C Figure 12. Ref. Input Current vs. Junction Temperature GM432 R1=10KW R2= Open IREG, Reference Voltage - V IREG, Reference Input Current (nA) -0.5 7 A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS Stability Boundary Conditions A Note About Stability 16 When using the GM432 as a shunt regulator, you can TA=25°C optimize stability by setting CL either (1) no load ca- VKA=Vref 14 pacitance across the GM432, decouple at the load; or (2) large capacitance across the GM432, optional de- Cathode Current-mA 12 coupling at the load. The GM432 can become unstable with capacitances of approximately 10nF to 1µF 10 when cathode currents are less than 3mA or so, with Stable 8 instability increasing as cathode current is reduced. So, while the GM432 is happily stable at, for example, 6 cathode current of 10mA with a 0.1µF capacitor across it, it can oscillate transiently as the cathode cur- 4 VKA=2V rent rises through the region of instability. To avoid this problem completely, simply eliminate the capaci- 2 tor or select a very low or very high (e.g. 10µF) capac- VKA=3V 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 itor CL. Since you will probably want local decoupling at the load, the best idea is to use no capacitance CL - Load Capacitance - µF Tantalum Capacitors across the device. Just the resistance and capacitance of the PCB traces and vias will prevent local load decoupling from causing transient oscillation during start-up. If you place the GM432 right next to the 1.0 Cathode Current-mA TA=25°C load, with the load decoupling capacitor directly 0.8 across it, you must use a capacitor of VKA=Vref Stable 0.4 R 0.2 For VKA= 2 & 3V Device does not Oscillate 0.01 0.1 1 10 CL - Load Capacitance - µF Tantalum Capacitors IK + R1 _ CL GM432 R2 * Stability boundary condition test shows that tantalum capacitors are recommended to minimize the conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. GM432 10µF. 0.6 0 0.001 8 nF or A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS 0 IK=10mA TA=25°C OUT 36 72 60 108 144 40 180 20 IK 15k Phase Shift in degrees Av - Small Signal Voltage Gain/Phase Margin - dB 80 232 10 µF GM432 + 8.25k - 0 -20 100 1K 10K 100K GND 1M f - Frequency - Hz Figure 13. Small Signal Voltage Gain/ Phase Margin vs. Frequency Figure 14. Test Circuit - Small - Signal Gain and Phase SOT-23 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 2.90 ± 0.1 0.13 0.4 ± 0.1 0~0.1 Pad Layout 1.5 ± 0.05 2.8 ± 0.1 0.031 0.8 0.035 0.65 ± 0.05 0.9 0.95 ± 0.038 0.079 0.8 ± 0.05 1.9 ± 0.05 2.0 1.10 ± 0.1 Unit: mm 0.037 0.037 0.95 0.95 Inches ( mm ) GM432 5° 9 A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS SOT-25(SOT-23-5) PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 2.9 ± 0.1 1.9 ± 0.05 0.13 0.95 ± 0.038 Pad Layout 0.028 0.7 0~0.1 1.5 ± 0.05 0.039 1.0 2.8 ± 0.1 0.094 2.4 0.65 ± 0.05 0.8 ± 0.05 0.35 ± 0.03 0.037 0.95 5° 0.037 0.95 0.074 1.9 5° ( Inches mm ) 1.10 ± 0.1 SOP-8 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 0.008 +0.0018 -0.0005 0.200 +0.05 -0.01 0 ° ~ 8° 0.028 0.710 +0.013 -0.022 Pad Layout +0.33 -0.56 0.060 1.52 0.236 ± 0.008 5.990 +0.21 -0.20 0.154 +0.003 -0.004 0.275 0.155 7.0 4.0 PIN INDENT 3.91 ± 0.1 0.024 0.050 0.6 1.270 GM432 Inches ( mm ) 10 0.063 ± 0.005 1.600 ± 0.130 0.191 +0.002 -0.004 4.850 +0.05 -0.10 0.057 NOM 1.450 NOM ( Inches ) mm 0.007 ± 0.003 0.175 ± 0.075 0.050 NOM 1.270 NOM 0.016 +0.004 -0.003 0.410 +0.10 -0.08 A Power Management GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS SOT-89 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 4.50 ± 0.05 1.650 REF Units: mm Pad Layout 1.50 ± 0.05 1.400 REF 2 R 0.13~4X R 0.13~3X NO DRAFT~2 3 4.20 ± 0.05 2.5 ± 0.05 45° 6° R 0.1 MAX 1.00 ± 0.07 0.7 0.46 ± 0.025 1.50 1.5 1.50 0.38 ± 0.01 3.00 ± 0.025 1.5 6°~2X 1 R 0.13~2X R 0.13~2X Unit: mm 6°~2X TO-92 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 4.6 ± 0.1 3.6 ± 0.15 2° 2° 4.6 ± 0.1 2.3 2° 1.45 ± 0.1 2° 3 - 0.46 0.38 ± 0.015 1.27 1.27 Unit: mm 3.6 ± 0.15 1.3 ± 0.1 5° 5° GM432 14.5 ± 0.5 11 A A MICROELECTRONICS Power Management GM432 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS ORDERING NUMBER GM 432 A T92 B Shipping B : ESD Bag RL: Ammo Pack R: Tape & Reel T: Tube Gamma Micro. Circuit Type GM432 Voltage Tolerance A: 0.5% B: 1.0% C: 2.0% 12 (Tape) Package T92: TO-92 ST23: SOT-23 ST25: SOT-25 S8: SOP-8 A 1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS GM432 A MICROELECTRONICS Power Management GM432 13