HA17524P/FP Switching Regulator Controller Features • • • • • • • Pulse width modulation (PWM) Wide oscillation frequency range: 450 kHz(typ) Low quiescent current: 5 mA typ Good line regulation (0.2% typ) and load regulation (0.4% typ) Independent output stages for 2 channels Wide external circuit applications including single-end and push-pull method Reference power source output stage and switching output stage include current limiting protection circuit. Ordering Information Type No. Package HA17524P 16 pin dual in line plastic(DP-16) HA17524FP 16 pin flat plastic (FP-16DA) Pin Arrangement INV. Input NON-INV. Input OSC Out 1 16 V REF 2 15 VCC 3 14 E2 CL(+) 4 13 C2 CL(–) 5 12 C1 RT 6 11 E1 SHUT DOWN COMP CT 7 10 GND 8 9 (Top View) HA17524P/FP Functional Description Principals of HA17524 Operation The HA17524 switching regulator circuit, using pulse width modulation (PWM), is constructed as shown in figure 1. Timing resistances RT and timing capacitance C T control the oscillation frequency. CT is charged by a constant current generated by RT . Ramp signals (saw-tooth waves) at the CT terminal generated by this oscillator is available for reference input signal to comparator which control the pulse width. VREF VCC 15 16 Ref. Volt. +5 V to internal circuitry +5V OSC Out Q 3 Flip Flop Q +5V +5 V RT 6 CT 7 (Ramp) Osc. — INV. Input 1 NON-INV. Input 2 GND 8 +5V — Error Amp. + — 1kΩ 10 SHUT DOWN 9 COMP Q1 11 E 1 13 C2 Q2 14 E 2 +5V C.L. + NOR NOR Comparator + 12 C1 4 CL(+) 5 CL(—) Current Limiter 10kΩ Figure 1 HA17524 Block Diagram The reference voltage connects to the non-inverted or inverted input terminal of the error amplifier via resistance divider (figure 2). The output voltage from the error amplifier is compared with the ramp signal capacitance CT (figure 1). The comparator can provide a signal with modulated pulse width. This signal, then, controls output transistors Q1 and Q 2, making an open loop to stabilize output voltage. Outputs form the error amplifier the current limiter, and the shut-down circuit are connected together at the comparator, so that an input signal from any one of these circuits can break the output stage. 2 HA17524P/FP VREF 5kΩ To Positive Regulated Output Voltage VO R2 VREF 5kΩ R1 + 5kΩ R1 − + Error Amp (a) Forward Output Stabilizing Source R + R2 VO = 2.5 1 (V) R1 − Error Amp To Negative Regulated Output Voltage VO (b) Reverse Output Stabilizing Source R + R2 VO = 5 − 2.5 1 (V) R1 5kΩ R 2 Figure 2 Error Amplifier Biasing 3 HA17524P/FP Blocks Description Oscillator: The oscillation frequency f is calculated from the following equations. Figure 3 shows one example. f 1.15/(RT •CT) R T = 1.8k to 100 k Ω C T = 0.001µ to 0.1 µF f = 140 Hz to 500 kHz 1M Oscillating Frequency f (Hz) 400 k VCC = 20 V Ta = 25°C C T = 100 k 0. 00 1 40 k µF C T 10 k = 0. 01 4k µF C T 1k 0. 1 400 100 = 1k 4k 10 k µF 40 k 100 k Timing Resistance RT ( Ω) Figure 3 Oscillating Frequency vs Timing Resistance Then the ramp wave shown in figure 4 is available at pin 7, C T terminal, since C T is charged by the constant current I generated by RT. 4 HA17524P/FP VH VREF ∆V Q2 Q1 VL T Q3 Discharge 6 RT 7 I I CT Terminal Waveform I≈ VREF – VEB (Q2) – VEB (Q3) RT ∆V = VH – VL ≅ 3.8 – 0.9 = 2.9 V 1 T ≈ CT · ∆V · I CT Figure 4 Oscillating Circuit and CT Terminal Waveform The oscillator output pulse signal is used as the flip flop clock pulse and as switching pulses for the output transistors, synchronous to the clock pulse. The pulse-widths which can be controlled by the timing capacitor C T as shown in figure 5, increases output dead time. 10 VCC = 20 V RT = 10 k Ω Ta = 25°C Dead Time (µs) 3 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.001 0.003 0.01 0.03 0.1 Timing Capacitance CT (µF) Figure 5 Dead Time vs Timing Capacitance Reference Voltage: The built-in regulator (reference voltage: VREF = 5 ±0.4 V) can be used as a reference power supply for the error amplifier, which determines output voltage (V OUT). It is also connected as a bias source for another circuits in IC. 5 HA17524P/FP Error Amplifier: Figure 2 shows error amplifier biasing, applied input voltage must be set within the range of common-mode input voltage (1.8 V to 3.4 V). Inserting a resistor and capacitor between phase compensation terminal (pin 9) and GND in series provides phase compensation. Current Limiter: The sense amplifier threshold voltage (VS) for the current limiter is: VS = VBE (Q ) + I1R2 – VBE (Q2) = I1R2 = 200 mV typ At the current limiter sense amp shown in figure 6, when V+ – V– 200 mV, Q1 turns on, phase compensation terminal becomes low and the output switching element is cut off. Comp CT Comparator Error Amp Q1 R1 R2 I1 (–)C.L. V– Sense Amp Q2 (+)C.L. V+ Figure 6 Current Limiter Sense Amplifier Figure 7 shows an example of detecting current limit. The input voltage range is –0.7 V to +1.0 V; The current limit detection output is provided from GND line. E1 +VOUT E2 HA17524 IOS = CL(–) CL(+) RS VS RS VS = 200 mV Figure 7 Current Limit Detector Example Operating Waveforms 6 HA17524P/FP Operating Waveforms Figure 9 shows operating waveforms at every part, when stepdown voltage type chopper switching regulator (figure 8) is used. Operating condition are as follows: f = 20 kHz, VOUT = 5 V. At the output section, two channels are connected in parallel. Operating waveforms inside the IC are also shown. HA17524 VCC 15 V Q (A) L VOUT 5V 5 kΩ (15) VCC 5 kΩ (1) Inv E1(11) 5 kΩ (2) Non Inv C 1(12) 0.1 µF 5 k Ω (16)Ref C 2(13) 6 kΩ (6) R T E2 (14) 0.01 µF (7) C T +CL (4) (10)Shut –CL (5) Down (3) Comp (9) Osc Out (8) GND D C 3 kΩ 0.001 µF 50 k Ω RS Figure 8 Stepdown Voltage Type Chopper Switching Regulator 7 HA17524P/FP CT Terminal Output Voltage of Error Amp OSC OUT Dead Time Comparator Out Q(F/F) Q(F/F) C1 (Q1 ) On C2 (Q2 ) On A (Q) On On 50 µs 50 µs Figure 9 Operating Waveforms 8 HA17524P/FP Circuit Applications Simplified inverting Regulator: Figure 10 shows the circuit configuration of HA17524 inverting regulator for light load (VOUT = –5 V) VCC = 15 V 15 k Ω 5 kΩ 5 kΩ 0.1 µF 5 kΩ 2 kΩ 0.01 µF VCC E1 INV Input NON INV Input C 1 VREF C2 E2 RT CT CL(+) SHUT DOWN CL(–) COMP Osc Out GND –5 V 20 mA VOUT 20 µF – + 50 µF Figure 10 Simple Polarity Conversion Tracking Switching Regulator: Figure 11 shows the circuit configuration of a tracking regulator that uses a transformer. (VOUT = ±15 V) VCC = 5V 100µF + − 25kΩ 300Ω 200Ω 5kΩ 5kΩ 5kΩ INV. Input NON-INV. Input C1 VREF C2 RT E2 CT CL(+) SHUT DOWN CL(–) E1 +15V + 20mA 50µF − 50T 50µF − 20T VCC + 50T –15V 1MΩ 0.1µF 2kΩ 0.02µF OSC Out GND 620Ω 510Ω COMP 0.001µF + −4.7µF 1Ω Figure 11 Tracking Switching Regulator 9 HA17524P/FP Push Pull Switching Regulator: Figure 12 shows the circuit configuration of push-pull switching regulator that uses transformer. This system is suited for high power. Output transistors inside HA17524 can drive external switching transistors. VCC = 28V 1kΩ 1W 5kΩ VCC 5kΩ 5kΩ 0.1µF 1kΩ 1W 5kΩ INV. Input NON-INV. Input C1 VREF C2 RT E2 CT CL(+) SHUT DOWN CL(–) 1mH E1 2kΩ 1kΩ 1kΩ 20T 5T 20T 5T 1,500µF + − 5V, 5A 0.01µF 0.1Ω COMP OSC Out GND + − 100µF 0.001µF 20kΩ Figure 12 Push-Pull Switching Regulator Note Compared with conventional series regulators, switching regulators generate high frequency noise by switching current quickly. To reduce noise 1. As a general rule, insert line filter to reduce noise at the input. 2. To reduce noise at the output: a. Twist output wiring together. b. Do not bundle power source and output wiring. c. Insert capacitor should be inserted at the load side. d. Ground the power frame. 3. When choosing external parts (external switching transistor, diode, coil, etc) consider their capacitance and characteristics. 10 HA17524P/FP Absolute Maximum Ratings (Unless otherwise specified, Ta = +25°C) Item Symbol Rating Unit Note Supply voltage VCC 40 V 1, 2 Collector output current IC 100 mA Reference output current I REF 50 mA Current through CT terminal I CT 5 mA Continuous total power dissipation PT 600 mW Operating free-air temperature range Topr –20 to +75 °C Storage temperature range Tstg –55 to +125 °C 3 Notes: 1. With respect to network ground terminal 2. The reference voltage can be given by connecting the V CC and 5 V reference output pins both to the supply voltage. In this configuration, VCC = 6 V max. 3. HA17524P: Value at Ta ≤ 52.7°C, If Ta > 52.7°C, derate by 8.3 mV/°C 11 HA17524P/FP Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 20 V, f = 20 kHz, Ta = 25°C) Item Regulator Error amplifier Oscillator Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Output voltage VREF 4.6 5.0 5.4 V Input regulation δVOLine — 10 30 mV VCC = 8 to 40 V Ripple rejection RREJ — 66 — dB f = 120 Hz Output regulation δVOLoad — 20 50 mV Iout = 0 to 20 mA Output voltage δVO /δTa change with output temperature — 0.3 1.0 % Ta = 0 to +70°C — 0.4 1.36 % Ta = –20 to +75°C Short-circuit output I OS current (Note) — 100 — mA VREF = 0 Input offset voltage VIO — 2 10 mV VIC = 2.5 V Input bias current II — 2 10 µA VIC = 2.5 V Open-loop voltage gain AVD — 60 — dB Common-mode VCM input voltage range 1.8 to 3.4 — — V Common-mode Rejection ratio CMR — 70 — dB Unity-gain bandwidth BW — 3 — MHz Output swing VOPP 0.5 — 3.8 V OSC frequency f — 450 — kHz CT = 0.001 µF, RT = 2 kΩ Standard deviation ∆ f of frequency — 5 — % VCC = 8 to 40 V, RT = 1.8 to 100 kΩ, C = Const Frequency stability δfLine — — 1.0 % VCC = 8 to 40 V — 5.0 10 % Ta = 0 to +70°C — 5.0 13.6 % Ta = –20 to +75°C δf/δTa Ta = 25°C Output amplitude V3(peak) — 3.5 — V Pin 3 Output pulse width TP — 0.5 — µs CT = 0.01 µF, Pin 3 Dmax 45 — — % Vth 0 — 1.0 — V Duty cycle = 0 Vth max — 3.5 — V Duty cycle = max II — –1 — µA Comparator Maximum duty cycle Threshold voltage Input bias current Note: Duration of the short-circuit should not exceed one second. 12 Test Conditions HA17524P/FP Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 20 V, f = 20 kHz, Ta = 25°C) (cont) Item Current limiter Output Total device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions Input voltage range VIS –0.7 to +1.0 — — V Sense voltage VS 180 200 220 mV Sensevoltage change with temperature δVS/δTa — 0.2 — mV/°C Ta = –20 to +75°C Collector-emitter breakdown voltage VCE 40 — — V Collector off-state current I Leak — 0.01 50 µA VCE = 40 V Collector-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) — 1 2 V I C = 50 mA Emitter output voltage VE 17 18 — V VCC = 20 V, I E = –250 µA Rise time tr — 0.2 — µs RC = 2 kΩ Fall time tf — 0.1 — µs Standby current I ST — 5.0 10 mA V(Pin 9) = 2 V, Ta = 25°C V(Pin 2) – V(Pin 1) ≥ 50 mV VCC = 40 V, V2 = 2 V, Pins 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14grounded, All other pins open 13 HA17524P/FP Characteristic Curves Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage Output Voltage VREF (V) 6.0 5.0 Ta = 25°C IO = 0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 10 20 30 40 Supply Voltage VCC (V) Output Saturation Voltage VCE(sat) (V) Output Saturation Voltage vs. Output Collector Current 1.0 0.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 Output Collector Current IC (mA) 14 50 Oscillating Frequency f (Hz) HA17524P/FP Oscillating Frequency vs. Timing Resistance 500 k VCC = 20 V Ta = 25°C C 100 k T = 0.0 01 50 k µF 20 k C T 10 k = 0.0 1µ 5k F 2k C T 1k = 0.1 µF 500 200 100 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 Timing Resistance RT (kΩ) Output Voltage VREF (V) Output Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature 5.1 VCC = 20 V I O = 0 mA 5.0 4.9 4.8 –20 0 20 40 60 75 Ambient Temperature (°C) 15 HA17524P/FP Dead Time vs. Timing Capacitance 10 VCC = 20 V RT = 10 k Ω Ta = 25°C Dead Time (µs) 3 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.001 0.003 0.01 0.03 Timing Capacitance CT (µF) 16 0.1 HA17524P/FP Package Dimensions Unit: mm 19.20 20.00 Max 6.30 9 1 7.40 Max 16 8 1.3 0.48 ± 0.10 7.62 2.54 Min 5.06 Max 2.54 ± 0.25 0.51 Min 1.11 Max + 0.13 0.25 – 0.05 0° – 15° Hitachi Code JEDEC EIAJ Mass (reference value) DP-16 Conforms Conforms 1.07 g Unit: mm 10.06 10.5 Max 9 1 8 1.27 *0.42 ± 0.08 0.40 ± 0.06 0.10 ± 0.10 0.80 Max *0.22 ± 0.05 0.20 ± 0.04 2.20 Max 5.5 16 0.20 7.80 +– 0.30 1.15 0° – 8° 0.70 ± 0.20 0.15 0.12 M *Dimension including the plating thickness Base material dimension Hitachi Code JEDEC EIAJ Mass (reference value) FP-16DA — Conforms 0.24 g 17 HA17524P/FP Cautions 1. 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