TC650/TC651 Tiny Integrated Temperature Sensor & Brushless DC Fan Controller with Over-Temperature Alert Features Package Type • Integrated Temperature Sensing and Multi-speed Fan Control • Built-in Over Temperature Alert (TOVER) • Temperature Proportional Fan Speed Control for Acoustic Noise Reduction and Longer Fan Life • Pulse Width Modulation Output Drive for Cost and Power Savings • Solid-State Temperature Sensing • ±1°C (Typical) Accuracy from 25°C to +70°C • 2.8V – 5.5V Operating Range • TC651 includes Auto Fan Shutdown • Low Operating Current: 50µA (Typical) Applications • • • • • • Thermal Protection For Personal Computers Digital Set-Top Boxes Notebook Computers Data Communications Power Supplies Projectors Related Literature • Application Note: AN771 Device Selection Table Part Number Temperature Range Package TC650XXVUA 8-Pin SOIC -40°C to +125°C TC651XXVUA 8-PinMSOP -40°C to +125°C X Temperature A 25 B 30 C 35 D 40 E 45 F 50 G 55 8-Pin MSOP 8-Pin SOIC VDD 1 NC 2 SHDN 3 8 PWM TC650 TC651 GND 4 7 GND 6 TOVER 5 NC General Description The TC650/TC651 are integrated temperature sensors and brushless DC fan speed controllers. The TC650/ TC651 measure their junction temperature and control the speed of the fan based on that temperature, making them especially suited for applications in modern electronic equipment. Temperature data is converted from the on-chip thermal sensing element and translated into a fractional fan speed from 40% to 100%. A temperature selection guide in the data sheet is used to choose the low and high temperature limits to control the fan. The TC650/TC651 also include a single trip point over temperature alert (TOVER) that eliminates the need for additional temperature sensors. In addition, the TC651 features an auto fan shutdown function for additional power savings. The TC650/TC651 are easy to use, require no software overhead and are therefore the ideal choice for implementing thermal management in a variety of systems. The "X" denotes a suffix for temperature threshold settings. Contact factory for other temperature ranges. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21450B-page 1 TC650/TC651 Typical Application Diagram +12V +5V VDD DC Fan 500mA TC650 TC651 1 VDD PWM 8 2 NC GND 7 CSLOW 3 SHDN TOVER 6 4 GND NC 5 GND GND SHDN Control Over-Temp. Alert µController DS21450B-page 2 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC650/TC651 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Absolute Maximum Ratings* Input Voltage (VDD to GND) ................................... +6V *Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Output Voltage (OUT to GND) ................................. 6V Voltage On Any Pin ....... (GND – 0.3V) to (VDD + 0.3V) Package Thermal Resistance (θJA ) .............. 250°C/W Operating Temperature Range .......... -40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature ......................... -65°C to +150°C TC650/TC651 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: VDD = 2.8V to 5.5V, SHDN = VDD, TA = -40°C to 125°C unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Min Typ. Max Units VDD Supply Voltage 2.8 — 5.5 V IDD Supply Current — 50 90 µA VIH SHDN Input High Threshold 65 — — %VDD VIL SHDN Input Low Threshold — — 15 %VDD Test Conditions PWM, TOVER are open SHDN Input PWM Output VOL PWM Output Low Voltage — — 0.3 V ISINK = 1mA VOH PWM Output High Voltage VDD - 0.5 — — V ISOURCE = 5mA tR PWM Rise Time — 10 — µsec IOH = 5mA, 1nF from PWM to GND tF PWM Fall Time — 10 — µsec IOL = 1mA, 1nF from PWM to GND fOUT PWM Frequency 10 15 — Hz tSTARTUP Start-up Time — 32/fOUT — sec VDD Rises from GND, or SHDN Released TH – 3 TH TH + 3 °C Note 1 -1.0 — +1.0 °C (TH - TL) ≤ 20°C Temperature Accuracy TH ACC High Temperature Accuracy (TH –TL) ACC Temp. Range Accuracy -2.5 — +2.5 °C (TH - TL) ≥ 20°C THYST Auto-shutdown Hysteresis — (TH -TL)/5 — °C TC651 Only VHIGH TOVER Output High Voltage VDD - 0.5 — — V ISOURCE = 1.2mA VLOW TOVER Output Low Voltage — — 0.4 V ISINK = 2.5mA TOVER ACC Absolute Accuracy — TH + 10 — °C At Trip Point TOVER HYST Trip Point Hysteresis — 5 — °C TOVER Output Note 1: Transition from 90% to 100% Duty Cycle. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21450B-page 3 TC650/TC651 2.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 2-1. TABLE 2-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE Pin No. (8-Pin MSOP) (8-Pin SOIC) Symbol 1 VDD Description Power Supply Input. May be independent of fan power supply. 2 NC 3 SHDN Fan Shutdown, Active-Low Input. During Shutdown mode the chip still monitors temperature and TOVER is low if temperature rises above factory set point. 4 GND Ground. Ground return for all TC650/TC651 functions. 5 NC 6 TOVER No Internal Connect. No Connect. Over-Temperature Alert, Active-Low Output. 7 GND Ground. 8 PWM PWM Fan Drive Output. Pulse width modulated rail-to-rail logic output. Nominal Frequency is 15Hz. DS21450B-page 4 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC650/TC651 3.0 DETAILED DESCRIPTION The TC650/TC651 acquire and convert their junction temperature (TJ) information from an on-chip solid-state sensor with a typical accuracy of ±1°C. The temperature data is digitally stored in an internal register. The register is compared with pre-defined threshold values. The six threshold values are equally distributed over a pre-defined range of temperatures (see Table 3-1 and Table 3-2). The TC650/TC651 control the speed of a DC brushless fan using a fractional speed control scheme. The output stage requires only a 2N2222-type small-signal BJT for fans up to 300mA. For larger current fans (up to 1 Amp) a logic-level N-channel MOSFET may be used. In addition to controlling the speed of the fan, the TC650/TC651 include an on-chip over-temperature alarm (TOVER) that gives a low signal when the temperature of the chip exceeds TH by 10°C, (typical). This feature eliminates the need for a separate temperature sensor for over-temperature monitoring. TABLE 3-1: TEMPERATURE RANGE DEFINITION FOR TC650 (MINIMUM-SPEED MODE) Temperature (T = TJ) PWM Duty Cycle T < TL 40% TL< = T < T1 50% T1 < = T < T2 60% T2 < = T <T3 70% T3 < = T < T4 80% T4 < = T < TH TH < = T < TOV 90% TOV < = T TABLE 3-2: 100% 100% with Over Temp Alert (TOVER = L) TEMPERATURE RANGE DEFINITION FOR TC651 (AUTO-SHUTDOWN MODE) Temperature (T = TJ) PWM Duty Cycle T < TL TL< = T < T1 “OFF” T1 < = T < T2 60% T2 < =T < T3 70% T3 < =T < T4 T4 < = T < TH 80% TH < = T < TOV 100% TOV < = T 100% with Over-Temp Alert (TOVER = L) 50% 90% Note:The temperature regions defined by the six temperature thresholds are pre-defined in the TC650/TC651 by means of trimming. Once a TL and TH are programmed, the T1 – T4 thresholds are automatically equally spaced between TL and TH. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 3-1: VDD FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM V+ TOVER Temperature Set Point and Trim Range SHDN Duty Cycle Logic Control PWM A/D Converter Oscillator Temperature Sensor 3.1 PWM Output The PWM pin is designed to drive a low cost transistor or MOSFET as the low side power switching element in the system. This output has an asymmetric complementary drive and is optimized for driving NPN transistors or N-channel MOSFETs. Since the system relies on PWM rather than linear power control, the dissipation in the power switch is kept to a minimum. Generally, very small devices (TO-92 or SOT packages) will suffice. The frequency of the PWM is about 15Hz. The PWM is also the time base for the Start-up Timer (see paragraphs below). The PWM duty cycle has a range of 40% to 100% for the TC650 and 50% to 100% for the TC651. 3.2 Start-Up Timer To ensure reliable fan start-up, the Start-up Timer turns PWM high for about 2 seconds whenever the fan is started from the off state. This occurs at power-up and when coming out of Shutdown mode. 3.3 Over-Temperature Alert (TOVER) This pin goes low when the TH set point is exceeded by 10oC (typical). This indicates that the fan is at maximum drive and the potential exists for system overheating; either heat dissipation in the system has gone beyond the cooling system's design limits, or some FAULT exists such as fan bearing failure or an airflow obstruction. This output may be treated as a “System Overheat” warning and used to trigger system shutdown, or bring other fans to full speed in the system. The fan will continue to run at 100% speed while TOVER is asserted. Built-in hysteresis prevents TOVER from “chattering” when measured temperature is at or near the TH + 10°C trip point. As temperature falls through the TH + 10°C trip point, hysteresis maintains the TOVER output low until measured temperature is 5°C above the trip point setting. DS21450B-page 5 TC650/TC651 3.4 Shutdown (SHDN) The fan can be unconditionally shutdown by pulling low the SHDN pin. During shutdown, the PWM output is low. This is ideal for notebook computers and other portable applications when you need to change batteries and must not have the fan running at that time. Thermal monitoring and TOVER are still in operation during shutdown. IDD shutdown current is around 50µA. 3.5 TL and TH can be selected in 5°C increments. TH must be chosen at least 10oC higher than TL. TL can range anywhere from 25°C to 35°C. As an example, suppose you wanted the fan to run at 40% speed at 25°C or less and go to full speed at 45°C. You would order the part number TC650AEVUA. As another example, suppose you wanted the fan to turn on at 30°C and go to full speed at 45°C. You would order the part number TC651BEVUA. Auto-Shutdown Mode The TC651 features auto-shutdown; when the temperature is below the factory set point at minimum speed (TL), PWM is low and the fan is automatically shut off (Auto-shutdown mode). This feature is ideal for notebook computers and other portable equipment that need to conserve as much battery power as possible and thus run a fan when it is only absolutely needed. The TC651 will continue to be active so as to monitor temperature for Tover. The TC651 exits Auto-shutdown mode when the temperature rises above the factory set point (T1). 3.6 Temperature Selection Guide (Minimum Fan Speed/Full Speed) The five temperature regions defined by the six thresholds are defined in the TC650/TC651 by means of factory trimming. Once a TL and T H are set, the T1 – T4 thresholds are automatically equally spaced between TL and TH. Temp. Range TL TH Part # 10°C 25 35 AC 30 40 BD 15°C 20°C 30°C 35 45 CE 25 40 AD 30 45 BE 35 50 CF 25 45 AE 30 50 BF 35 55 CG 25 55 AG Note: The Bold Type temperature settings are available for ordering. Contact factory for other temperature selections. DS21450B-page 6 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC650/TC651 4.0 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 4.1 Reducing Switching Noise For fans consuming more than 300mA, a slowdown capacitor (CSLOW) is recommended for reducing switching PWM induced noise (see Figure 4-1). The value of this capacitor should be 4.7µF to 47µF, depending on the fan current consumption. See Application Note AN771 “Suppressing Acoustic Noise in PWM Fan Speed Control Systems” for more information. FIGURE 4-1: REDUCING SWITCHING NOISE +12V +5V VDD DC Fan 500mA TC650 TC651 1 VDD PWM 8 2 NC GND 7 CSLOW 3 SHDN TOVER 6 4 GND NC 5 GND GND SHDN Control Over-Temp. Alert µController 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21450B-page 7 TC650/TC651 5.0 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range IDD vs. Temperature Temperature Accuracy vs. VTH 90 3.0 80 2.5 VDD = 5.6 60 IDD (µA) Temp Accuracy (˚C) 70 50 40 VDD = 2.7 30 2.0 1.5 1.0 VDD = 5.6 20 0.5 10 0 -50 -25 VDD = 2.7 0.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 T1 TL T2 TEMPERATURE (˚C) PWM, ISINK vs. VOL, TA = 25˚C T4 TH PWM, ISOURCE vs. (VDD - VOH), TA = 25˚C 500 1.0 450 0.9 0.8 VDD - VOH (V) 400 VDD = 2.8V 350 VOL (mV) T3 TTHRESHOLD 300 VDD = 5.5V 250 200 0.7 0.4 0.3 100 50 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ISINK (mA) VDD = 5.5V 0.5 150 0 VDD = 2.8V 0.6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 ISOURCE (mA) TOVER, ISOURCE vs. (VDD - VOH), TA = 25˚C 1.0 0.9 VDD = 2.8V VDD - VOH (V) 0.8 0.7 0.6 VDD = 5.5V 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ISOURCE (mA) DS21450B-page 8 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC650/TC651 6.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 6.1 Package Marking Information Package marking data not available at this time. 6.2 Taping Form Component Taping Orientation for 8-Pin MSOP Devices User Direction of Feed PIN 1 W P Standard Reel Component Orientation for TR Suffix Device Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package 8-Pin MSOP Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 12 mm 8 mm 2500 13 in Component Taping Orientation for 8-Pin SOIC (Narrow) Devices User Direction of Feed PIN 1 W P Standard Reel Component Orientation for TR Suffix Device Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package 8-Pin SOIC (N) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 12 mm 8 mm 2500 13 in DS21450B-page 9 TC650/TC651 6.3 Package Dimensions 8-Pin MSOP PIN 1 .122 (3.10) .114 (2.90) .197 (5.00) .189 (4.80) .026 (0.65) TYP. .122 (3.10) .114 (2.90) .043 (1.10) MAX. .016 (0.40) .010 (0.25) .008 (0.20) .005 (0.13) 6° MAX. .006 (0.15) .002 (0.05) .028 (0.70) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) 8-Pin SOIC PIN 1 .157 (3.99) .150 (3.81) .244 (6.20) .228 (5.79) .050 (1.27) TYP. .197 (5.00) .189 (4.80) .069 (1.75) .053 (1.35) .020 (0.51) .010 (0.25) .013 (0.33) .004 (0.10) .010 (0.25) .007 (0.18) 8° MAX.. .050 (1.27) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) DS21450B-page 10 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC650/TC651 SALES AND SUPPORT Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21450B-page 11 TC650/TC651 NOTES: DS21450B-page 12 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC650/TC651 Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. 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Le Colleoni 1 20041 Agrate Brianza Milan, Italy Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883 United Kingdom Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd. 505 Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 5TU Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820 03/01/02 *DS21450B* DS21450B-page 14 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.