Model 9002 September 1999 Dual-Channel Programmable Filter Instrument OPERATOR MANUAL -Certified 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Table of Contents Table of Contents Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page Section Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Section 5 - Remote Control Operation Warranty & Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Section 1 - Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 Device Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 System Interconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Section 2 - Instrument Description 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Front and Rear Panel Controls Input/Output Characteristics . . Filter Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3 Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 .5 .6 .7 .7 .8 .8 Section 3 - Installation and Setup 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Unpacking and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Packaging for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Line Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 3.4.1 System Grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Basic Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Section 4 - Operation from the Front Panel 4.1 4.2 4.3 Front Panel Description . . . . . . . . . Indicator LED’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1 Details of the Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 .13 .13 .14 5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page The Control Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Programming Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1 Listen/Talk Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . Key-Push Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Command Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.1 Use of Special Code $05, Abort to Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.2 Use of Special Code $06, Set Filter 5.4.2.1 The Code $06 Command Setup . . . 5.4.2.2 Calculating Program Parameters . . 5.4.2.3 Example of a Code $06 Command Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.3 Code $0B - Go to Channel N, Filter M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.4 Code $0C - Send Back Channel Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.5 Code $0D - Send Back Channel Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.6 Code $0E - Send Back Clip Status . 5.4.7 Code $0F - Go to Remote Control . . . . . . .19 .19 .20 .20 .21 . . . . .21 .22 .22 .23 . .26 . .29 . .30 . .31 . .32 . .33 Example of a Remote Control Program . . . . .33 Appendix A - Product Data a Sheet Appendix B - Binary/Decimal/Hex Review B-1 B-2 B-3 Decimal to Binary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Binary to Hex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Decimal to Hex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Appendix C - Remote Control Programs C-1 C-2 Program 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Program 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Figures and Table Figures and Tables List of Figures List of Tables Figure Table 1.1 2.1a 2.1b 2.2 3.1 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page Model 9002 in a Typical Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 IEEE Connector Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Changing the Line Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 2.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 Electrical Characteristics of Filters . . . . . . . . . .7 Explanation of LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Explanation of Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Filter Type and Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . .15 Frequency Ranges and Increments . . . . . . . .17 Codes for Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Codes for Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Special Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Parameters Programmed with Codes $06 . . .22 Filter Configuration Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 The $06 Command Setup List . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Calculation of R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Range Selection Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Gain in Various Numerical Bases . . . . . . . . . .26 Development of Codes for the Sample Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 5.11 Hex Codes of Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 5.12 Channel Definition Data Sent Back . . . . . . . .32 5.13 Clip Status Definition Data Sent Back . . . . . .32 B.1 Binary to Hex Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 B.2 Conversion of 8-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 B.3 Decimal to Hex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Preface Preface The Frequency Devices, Inc. Model 9002 is a Dual Channel, Programmable Lowpass or Highpass active, electronic filter. It represents state-of-the art filter modeling, utility, flexibility and ease of programming, either from the front panel or by a remote controller. Users can select from a total of four lowpass and two highpass filter models. The system can be internally programmed for eight different filters in each channel. The unit operates over a wide range of frequencies and provides the finest resolution for a given input frequency. Filter types for each channel are specified at time of purchase. Remote operation of the Model 9002 is accomplished through a controller equipped with an IEEE-488 interface. This manual contains installation, operation, programming and troubleshooting information about the Model 9002. Although operation of the Model 9002 is quite straightforward, you must read and understand the information in this manual before applying power or connecting any components or external devices. Warranty information is given on the following page, Improper use of the instrument may void the warranty, so please use this manual as an instruction guide at all times. We at Frequency Devices, Inc. are pleased that you have selected our product for your research and development applications. Should you have any questions or problems, do not hesitate to contact your local Frequency Devices, Inc. representative for prompt assistance. Each section of this manual begins with a table of contents and a brief discussion. This will help you access the information you need as quickly as possible. The instruction and associated information for the Model 9002 are presented as follows: Section 1 - Introduction Contains general descriptive information about the Models 9002, including applications information. Section 2 - Description Provides physical and technical specifications and control details. Section 3 - Installation Provides step-by-step instructions for unpacking, installation and setup. Section 4 - Front Panel Operations Item-by-item presentation of local operation from the front panel. Section 5 - Remote Control Operations System programming and operating via a remote controller. Appendices The Appendices provide you with additional technical and reference information for advanced operations, as well as examples of remote operation programs. 1 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Warranty & Repair Warranty The Model 9002 Instrument is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, Frequency Devices Inc. will, at its option, repair or replace products that prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, all products must be returned to Frequency Devices Inc. after obtaining a return authorization (RA) number from the factory. Frequency Devices Inc. will pay the shipping charges from and to the Buyer, except for products returned to FDI from another country. In this case the Buyer shall be responsible for all shipping charges, duties, and taxes. Limited Warranty This warranty shall not apply to defects that are the results of improper use, unauthorized modification or repair, or improper installation or maintenance. No other warranty is expressed or implied. Frequency Devices, Inc. specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The remedies provided herein are the Buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. Frequency Devices Inc. shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory. Certification Frequency Devices Inc. certifies that this product met its published specification at the time of shipment from the factory. Frequency Devices, Inc. further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States national Bureau of Standards, to the extent allowed by the bureau’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization member. Repair Frequency Devices, Inc. maintains a repair facility at its factory in Haverhill, Massachusetts which is available for both in-warranty and non-warranty repair. We suggest that you contact your local FDI representative before taking steps to return equipment for repair. Return Authorization All products being returned to Frequency Devices, Inc. must have a Return Authorization (RA) number. This number may be obtained by calling Frequency Devices, Inc. before returning the product. The RA number should be clearly displayed on the outside of the package being returned and should be placed on all correspondence concerning the instrument. Frequency Devices, Inc. may refuse to accept shipment and will not be responsible for shipping charges of product returned without an RA number. 2 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Introduction Section 1 Section 1 Introduction 1.1 - Device Description This system is intended for use as an electronic filter for applications in the Hertz to hundred of kiloHertz range. It can exhibit either highpass or lowpass characteristics and simulates any two of six possible mathematical configurations: Lowpass: Butterworth, Elliptic, Bessel, Constant Delay Highpass: Butterworth, Elliptic The filter type in each channel is selected at time of purchase and is installed at the factory. If changing of the filter type is desired, contact your local FDI representative. The two channels in the unit are entirely independent. They can by externally interconnected to create a bandpass filter with adjustable upper and lower cutoff points. The unit is voltage protected at the input up to 100 V and current limited at the output to 100 mA. Each channel can be programmed to eight separate configurations, becoming eight distinct filters. The programming can be done at the front panel or via an IEEE-488 interface to a remote controller. The configurations are stored in nonvolatile memory for recall or change at any time. 1.2 - Applications The Model 9002 filter can be used in any application where frequency filtration is required. A wide range of frequencies, input voltage ranges, and pre- and post-amplification stages enables these filters to interconnect with most laboratory equipment as well as standard audio and radio frequency test equipment. Since the filter characteristics can be precisely defined, the Model 9002 is an excellent development instrument for perfecting filter spectra in analytic, electronic, biomedical, and physics applications. 1.3 - System Interconnection The Model 9002 may be considered to be two, independent electronic frequency filters with either highpass or lowpass properties. The channels may be cascaded to produce a bandpass filter. Use of the filter is the same as any R-L-C filter network, with the following exceptions: 1. Your signal source is not loaded by the filter. 2. The output has a fixed, 50 ohm resistive impedance. 3. Signal levels can be controlled at the input and output by means of built-in variable gain operational amplifiers. 3 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Introduction Section 1 Connection of the filter with your system is straightforward; a typical setup is shown in Figure 1.1, below. Remote Controller PC< >488 IEEE-488 Sensor 1 Data Out 1 Rear Panel Signal Conditioner 1 FDI Model 9002 Front Panel Input Signal Conditioner 1 Digitizer Output 2 2 Sensor 2 Digitizer Data Out 2 Figure 1.1 Model 9002 in a Typical Setup When operating the filter with a remote controller, care must be taken to follow the programming rules presented in Section 5 of this manual. In the remote mode, the unit looks at the IEEE-488 bus for its operating commands. Control of the filters is switched to and from the front panel by depressing a single function key on the panel or by the appropriate controller commands. 4 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Instrument Description Section 2 Section 2 Instrument Description 2.1 - Front and Rear Panel Controls Control and system I/O is accomplished on the front panel of the system. In the remote mode, control is transferred to an interconnected controller. Figures 2.1a and 2.1b show the front and rear panels, respectively. Upper Figure 2.1a Front Panel Lower Figure 2.1b Rear Panel 2.2 - Input/Output Characteristics The Model 9002 is contained in a single electronic chassis and is designed to interface directly with a remote controller fitted with an IEEE-488 interface card. Connection to the controller is via an IEEE connector on the rear panel as shown in Figure 2.1b. A standard IEEE connector with appropriate callouts is shown in Figure 2.2. 5 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Instrument Description Section 2 Pin Definition Pin Definition Pin Definition 1 2 3 4 13 14 15 16 D101 D102 D103 D104 D105 D106 D107 D108 5 17 6 7 8 9 10 11 EOI REN DAV NRFD NDAC IFC SRQ ATN 12 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Shield-Chassis Ground P/O Twisted Pair with Pin P/O Twisted Pair with Pin P/O Twisted Pair with Pin P/O Twisted Pair with Pin P/O Twisted Pair with Pin P/O Twisted Pair with Pin Isolated Digital Ground 6 7 8 9 10 11 Figure 2.2 IEEE Connector Identification The signals to be filtered are introduced to the Model 9002 via front and rear panel coaxial BNC connectors as seen in Figure 2.1a. Input impedance is one megohm resistive shunted by a fixed 47 picofarad capacitance. Signal inputs can be up to 20 volts p-p without clipping. The filtered outputs are also supplied a BNCs on the front and rear panels. The output amplifiers are protected by current limiting resistors. Outputs take on the same AC or DC coupling as the inputs, though output signal levels can be independently adjusted. Inputs are operator programmable by either single-ended or differential input, and may be either AC or DC coupled. The input is overload protected via diode clamping to the power supply. Precise circuit configurations for both input and output are given in the Product Data Sheet (Appendix A). 2.3 - Filter Properties The Model 9002 is configured with two standard filters that are specified at the time of ordering. These filters are chosen from the six models available, ten lowpass and five highpass. Table 2.1 lists the filter models available: 6 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Instrument Description Section 2 Type Number Lowpass LP00 LP01 LP02 LP03 LP05 LP06 LP07 LP08 LP09 LP10 Highpass HP00 HP01 HP05 HP07 HP09 Characteristic 8-pole Butterworth 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic 1.77 8-pole,Bessel 8-pole, 6-zero constant delay 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic (200 kHz) 4-pole Bessel 4-pole Butterworth 8-pole, Bessel (200 kHz) 8-pole, Butterworth (200 kHz) 8-pole, 6-zero constant delay (200 kHz) 8-pole Butterworth 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic1.77 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic (200 kHz) 4-pole Butterworth 8-pole, Butterworth (200 kHz) Table 2.1 Electrical Characteristics of Filters Each filter channel has eight programmable configurations which are stored in the system’s nonvolatile memory. Any of the eight configurations may be modified and selected from the front panel or from the front panel or from the remote controller. Filters may be bypassed by use of a front panel control. This replaces the filter with a unity gain amplifier; all other input and output setups of the configurations (gains, AC/DC, etc.) remain in the configuration path. Detailed characteristics of the filters are contained in the Product Data Sheet (Appendix A). 2.4 - Specifications 2.4.1 - Electrical Line Voltage Power consumption Number of Channels Configurations per channel 100,120,220, 240 VAC 200 watts 2 8 Frequency Range 0.1 Hz-102.4 Hz 103.0 Hz-1,024.0 Hz 1,030.0 Hz-10,240 Hz 10,300.0 Hz-102,400 Hz Pre-gain and Post-gain characteristics Amplifiers are non-inverting Gains are variable from 1x (0 db) to 13.75x (22.7 db) Gain increments are in steps of 0.05x Precision of gain ratios is ±.02x Frequency Increment 0.1 Hz 1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz1 7 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Instrument Description Section 2 Input Impedance2 Single ended Differential 1 M Ωpar. with 47 pF to analog grd. 1 M Ωpar. with 47 pF to analog grd. on each side Input Signal Level ± 10V peak for linear system operation Protected to withstand 115 volts AC at input without damage Common Mode Rejection 60 db typical, 50 db minimum, DC to 100 kHz Common Mode Voltage range Full signal swing (±-10V) Output Characteristics Impedance Current maximum Offset Voltage 50 ohms, resistive2 ±100 mA into a 50 ohm load ±2 mV, for 0 db Pre- and Post-gain Filter Bypass mode System maintains all characteristics of the chosen filter except the passband is flat with a small signal bandwidth of 1 mHz (-6 db) and full power bandwidth of 125 kHz. 2.4.2 - Physical Height Width Depth 3.5 in; 90 mm 8.5 in; 216 mm 17 in; 432 mm Mounting Benchtop or 19 inch rack mount 2.4.3 - Environmental Operating Temperatures Full specifications and resolution Reduced specifications Storage Temperature Relative Humidity Altitude 1 2 20 to 30° C; 68 to 86° F 0 to +40° C; 32 to 104° F -25 to +55° C; -13 to +131° F 95% max., without condensation Up to 15,000 feet; 4500 meters 10,400.0 Hz-204,800.0 Hz @ 200 Hz increments for 9002-200 kHz See the Product Data Sheet (Appendix A) for circuit details. 8 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Installation and Setup Section 3 Section 3 Installation and Setup 3.1 - Unpacking and Inspection When Model 9002 is received, inspect the cartons for visible external damage. If there is obvious physical damage, we suggest that the carrier’s agent be present during unpacking. Do not destroy the shipment container during opening so that it may be used for future shipment of the device. After removing the Model 9002 from the shipping container, examine it for obvious physical damage such as dents, dislodged components or damaged connectors. If a component is damaged, notify the carrier and follow the instructions for damage claims. Warning DO NOT APPLY POWER TO DAMAGED COMPONENTS. INJURY OR FURTHER COMPONENT DAMAGE MAY OCCUR. Inform your Frequency Devices, Inc. representative immediately with specific details about the actual extent of the damage. Your representative will assist in arranging for repair or replacement of the instrument. 3.2 - Packaging for Shipment Keep the original shipping cartons. Frequency Devices, Inc. will not accept responsibility for damages in shipment nor shipping costs if the unit is returned to FDI in an unapproved carton. Before returning a unit to FDI, you must obtain a Return Authorization (RA) number from FDI. To pack the Model 9002 for shipment: 1. Tape a tag or letter to the unit identifying the owner and the service or repair to be made. Include the following information: RA number Model number Serial numbers on the instrument In any correspondence with us, identify the unit by these numbers. 2. Place the unit in the original carton or request a replacement carton from Frequency Devices, Inc. (no charge for units in warranty). 3. Secure the carton with strong tape. 4. For international shipments, or if an alternate shipping carton must be used, do the following: 9 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Installation and Setup Section 3 Wrap the unit in heavy plastic and place packing material around all sides of the instrument in a strong carton. Protect the front panel with extra cardboard strips. Seal the carton with strong tape. 5. Mark the shipping carton: DELICATE ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT. FRAGILE. 3.3 - Environmental Requirements The Model 9002 operates as either a benchtop or rack mounted unit. When setting up the Model 9002, be sure it has sufficient space for proper ventilation. Ambient temperature and humidity should not exceed the values given in the specifications of Section 2.4.3. 3.4 - Line Voltage Selection The unit can be set up to operate on 100, 120, 220 or 240 Volts AC, at 50 or 60 Hz. Units are shipped for 120 Volt operation unless otherwise specified at the time of purchase. The system is delivered with a power line cord appropriate to the ordered voltage configuration. If you have received the improper line cord for your area, please contact your local FDI representative for assistance. Caution MAKE SURE THE REAR PANEL POWER INPUT CONNECTOR IS IN THE CORRECT POSITION AND THE CORRECT FUSE IS INSTALLED BEFORE APPLYING AC POWER. See Figure 3.1 10 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Installation and Setup Section 3 Reconfiguration of the system for a different voltage is accomplished as follows: A. Remove the power cord. B. Slide the plastic door to the left. C. Pull the fuse lever out and to the left; remove the fuse. D. Grasp the voltage board, being careful no to damage plated pads. E. Remove the board by pulling straight out. F. Select voltage by rotating the board until the desired voltage is oriented at the top left side of the board. Figure 3.1 Changing the Line Voltage Reverse this procedure to reassemble the voltage connector. 11 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Installation and Setup Section 3 3.4.1 - System Grounds The Model 9002 grounding system has been designed to allow maximum flexibility and noise immunity. There are three electrically isolated grounds brought out for connection to the external components. Digital ground for connection to the remote controller is provided on the IEEE-488 interface connector. Analog signal ground is brought out through a rear panel plastic banana plug and is internally connected to the unit’s analog power supply. Analog ground provides a system ground reference for differential input configurations. Effective grounding of signal lines and every chassis will greatly improve noise immunity and assure precise filter spectra. A discussion of noise and distortion that accompanies the Model 9002 filter process is found in the Product Data Sheet (Appendix A). 3.5 - Basic Setup The Model 9002 may now be connected to the power source, to the remote controller (if remote is being used), and to the circuit to be filtered. 1. Connect the device being filtered to the input and output BNCs on the front or rear panel. Be sure that both input and output are hooked up to the same channel. If possible, connect a ground strap between the chassis of the device and the Model 9002 chassis. 2. For remote operation, connect the IEEE-488 interface from the remote controller to the connector provided on the rear panel of the Model 9002. If the controller is not already equipped with an IEEE-488 interface card, one must be installed. Refer to the computer or controller manufacturer’s instructions for card installation. 3. Plug the unit into the power source. 4. You are now ready to learn and utilize the many features of your Model 9002 Dual Channel Programmable Filter. The following sections contain specific control, modification, and programming information. Please read these sections carefully before using the system. 12 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Operation from the Front Panel Section 4 Section 4 Operation from the Front Panel 4.1 - Front Panel Description In local operation the Model 9002 can be completely operated from the front panel. Remote control requires the writing of programs using codes and commands that are described in Section 5. The panel indicators and controls can be grouped into five categories: Indicator LEDs Numeric keypad Function keys Input and Output connectors Alphanumeric display 16 LEDs 0-9 plus associated keys 10 keys 1 input & 1 output per channel 3-1/2 digits 4.2 - Indicator LEDs Table 4.1 gives the name and active function of the 16 LEDs on the front panel. Indicator Label Model 9002 Active Function SNG DIF AC DC BYP MEM REM CH1 CH2 PRE POST KHZ HZ GAIN CLIP 1 CLIP 2 Configured for single-ended Input Configured for differential Input AC Input/Output Coupling DC Input/Output Coupling Filter Bypass mode is selected Displays present filter config.# Remote control operation is selected Channel 1 selected for display Channel 2 selected for display Pre-filter gain is displayed Post-filter gain is displayed Frequency is displayed, kHz Scale Frequency is displayed, Hz Scale Value of Pre- or Post-gain is displayed Channel 1 input is being clipped Channel 2 input is being clipped Table 4.1 Explanation of LED Indicators 4.3 - Function Keys There are 10 function keys for programming and reviewing the setup of the Model 9002. These are used in the process of setting up a channel in any of the eight programmable filter configurations, and in checking the status of the filter during use. Most keys are inactivated when the control of the system is transferred to a remote controller. Table 4.2 and the discussion in the following section include the key functions and the situations in which they are active or inactive. 13 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Operation from the Front Panel Section 4 Key Label Affect on Model 9002 Operation CH1/CH2 Toggle: Programming and display between Ch. 1 & Ch. 2 Selects Filter Number (0-7) in both channels Display Filter Type for the active channel Toggle: Remote or Local control 3-position Toggle: Freq., Pre-gain, or Post-gain Toggle: Single-ended or Differential input Toggle: Filter in-circuit or Bypassed Toggle AC or DC I/O Coupling Toggle: HZ or KHZ for frequency multiplier for programming and display Clears the LED Display FLTR MEM FLTR TYPE REM CTL FREQ/GAIN SNG/DIF ACT/BYP AC/DC HZ/KHZ CLR DSP Table 4.2 Explanation of Function Keys The numerical keypad and the function keys ENT, ⇑, and ⇓, allow control of frequency, gain, filter configuration number, and remote IEEE address. The following are detailed instructions for using the functions keys and corresponding LEDs. Refer to Figure 4.1 for front panel location. 4.3.1 - Details of the function keys Selection of particular function keys or selection of remote control from the controller (REM CTL) will deactivate certain keys. In the following description, the function key labels are shown in boxes on the left; the bracketed keys on the right are the active or inactive keys. Figure 4.1 Front Panel 14 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Operation from the Front Panel Section 4 CH1 [all active keys] CH2 This functions key switches programming and display between Channel 1 and Channel 2. The selected channel is shown by illumination of the CH 1 and CH 2 indicator. CH1/CH2 does not change the configuration of a filter; it only shows the present configuration for the selected channel. FLTR [active keys: keypad, ENT, ⇑/⇓ , CH1/CH2, CLR DSP FLTR MEM] MEM This key displays the present filter configuration number 0-7. The MEM indicator light will turn on. A configuration contains the following combination of user-programmable filter parameter. Pre- and Post-gain levels Corner Frequency Single-ended or Differential input Filter in-circuit or Bypassed AC or DC I/O Coupling The filter configuration number can be changed in the range 0-7 on the numeric keypad or by using the ⇑/⇓ keys. The Model 9002 will not allow any number over 7 to be entered. The configuration number affects both Channel 1 and Channel 2. The CH1/CH2 key is used to display the configuration number in the selected channel. Thus, Channel 1 cannot be set to configuration number 0, and Channel 2 simultaneously set to configuration number 5. They will automatically be set to the same configuration number, although the setup of each configuration may be different for each channel. Pressing FLTR MEM a second time will return the system to the previous control mode and update the instrument to the presently selected configuration. FLTR [active keys: CH1/CH2, FLTR TYPE] TYPE Activation of this function causes the display of an alphanumeric, coded description of the type of filter in the selected channel. The types are selected from those in Table 4.3. The CH1/CH2 key may be used to display the filter type in the selected channel. Type Number Characteristic Lowpass LP00 LP01 LP02 LP03 LP05 LP06 LP07 LP08 LP09 LP10 8-pole Butterworth 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic 1.77 8-pole,Bessel 8-pole, 6-zero constant delay 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic (200 kHz) 4-pole Bessel 4-pole Butterworth 8-pole, Bessel (200 kHz) 8-pole, Butterworth (200 kHz) 8-pole, 6-zero constant delay (200 kHz) Highpass HP00 HP01 HP05 HP07 HP09 8-pole Butterworth 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic1.77 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic (200 kHz) 4-pole Butterworth 8-pole, Butterworth (200 kHz) Table 4.3 Electrical Characteristics of Filters 15 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Operation from the Front Panel Section 4 Pressing FLTR TYPE a second time will return the system to the previous mode. REM CTL [active keys: ⇑/⇓, CH1/CH2, FLTR TYPE, ENT, FLTR MEM, REM CTL,] This function key allows the user to place the Model 9002 under the operation of the remote controller and displays the presently assigned address of the instrument. The address can be changed using the ⇑/⇓ keys. Only addresses 0-31 are valid. After entering the address, press the ENT key to transfer control to the remote controller. This will light the REM indicator. Once the system is under remote control, the only active key is REM CTL. Depressing this key a second time at any stage of this procedure will return control of the Model 9002 to the front panel. FREQ GAIN [inactive key: HZ/KHZ] This key steps the display through the three filter parameter states while turning on the appropriate LED indicator. The steps in sequence are: Pre-filter gain Post-filter gain Filter Frequency PRE-GAIN [inactive key: HZ/KHZ] The method for changing gain is the same for both Pre- and Post-gain. The PRE and GAIN LEDs will be lighted. The display will show the Pre-gain setup for the presently selected channel and filter configuration number. The gain has a range from 1.00-13.75 in incremental steps of 0.05. The numeric keypad or ⇑/⇓ keys are used to change the gain. The suggested method for gain change is as follows: Enter the gain value on the keypad Press ENT to store the data The ⇑/⇓ keys store the gain on-line and the ENT key need not be pressed. These keys will increase or decrease gain by one increment, that is, 0.05. Gain will change as long as the key is depressed. The value displayed will automatically be stored in the present filter configuration number and selected channel. Pressing CH1/CH2 will display the Pre-gain of the selected channel. Pressing the FREQ/GAIN key a second time will put the unit in the filter Post-gain setup. POST-GAIN [inactive key: HZ/KHZ] The POST and GAIN LEDs will be lighted. The display shows the Post-filter gain of the selected channel and filter configuration number. Post-gain operation is the same as Pre-gain operation and CH1/CH2 will display the Post-gain of the selected channel. Pressing FREQ/GAIN a third time will place the system in the filter-frequency setup. 16 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Operation from the Front Panel Section 4 [all keys active] FREQUENCY The HZ or KHZ LED will be lit. The display will show the present corner frequency for the selected channel and filter configuration number. The corner frequency can be chosen in the range of 0.1 Hz to 102.4 kHz. (See Table 4.4 for 200 kHz models). The numeric keypad or the ⇑/⇓ keys, in conjunction with the HZ/KHZ key, are used to change the frequency value. When using the numeric keypad for CH1/CH2, FREQGAIN, or HZ/KHZ, ENT or any function key (excluding SNG/DIF, ACT/BYP, or AD/DC) may be depressed to store the data. The recommended sequence is: Enter the new frequency Select HZ or KHZ Press the ENT key The ⇑/⇓ keys store the data immediately and no other key depression is required. As above, the HZ/KHZ key selects the range of frequency to be displayed and entered. The frequency will increase or decrease by one increment in accordance with Table 4.4. Frequency Range Frequency Increment 0.1 Hz-102.4 Hz 103.0 Hz-1,024.0 1,030.0 Hz-10,240 Hz 10,300.0 Hz-102,400 Hz * 10,400.0 Hz-204,800.0 Hz 0.1 Hz 1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz* 200 Hz (for 200 kHz models only) Table 4.4 Frequency Ranges and Increments Pressing CH1/CH2 will display the filter corner frequency of the selected channel. Any data displayed when using the ⇑/⇓ keys will be stored in the present filter configuration number and selected channel as the keys are being pressed. SNG [all keys active] DIF The function key toggles the selected channel between a single ended and differential input. Either the SNG or DIF LED will be lighted. The data will immediately be stored to the present filter configuration number and selected channel. ACT BYP [all keys active] This key toggles the selected channel between the filter in circuit mode (active) and the filter bypass mode (bypass). The BYP LED will be on for bypass and off for active. This data will immediately be stored to the present filter configuration number and selected channel. AC DC [all keys active] 17 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Operation from the Front Panel Section 4 The AC/DC function toggles the selected channel between AC and DC coupled input and output stages. The AC or DC LEDs will display which configuration is selected. This data will immediately be stored to the present filter configuration number and selected channel. HZ KHZ [all keys active] The HZ/KHZ function toggles the displayed frequency of the selected channel between Hz and kHz. The HZ or KHZ LEDs will display which configuration is selected. This data will immediately be stored to the present filter configuration number and selected channel. CLP DSP [all keys active] This function clears the display to provide a clean state for entering new data. No other aspect of the instrument is affected. CLIP1 CLIP2 [all keys active] The CLIP1 and CLIP2 LEDs are controlled internally by the Model 9002. They are warning lights that indicate impending or actual amplitude clipping in the indicated filter channel and after each internal gain stage. The LEDs are continuously updated and monitor both positive and negative peak signals. 18 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 Section 5 Remote Control Operation 5.1 - The Control Method Remote control of the Model 9002 is conveyed on an IEEE-488 bus to the appropriately addressed filter system. Each Model 9002 system is assigned an address in the 0-31 range, as was discussed in Section 3.5 We recommend that you read and understand Section 4, Operation from the Front Panel, before attempting remote control of the system. Commands that duplicate front panel controls are not re-explained in this section. An understanding of programming and use of the IEEE-488 interface bus structure is necessary for effective use of the remote mode of operation. Your computer or other remote controller must be outfitted with the appropriate IEEE488 card to implement remote operation of the Model 9002. As an assist, conversion tables from binary to decimal to hex are given in Appendix B. For ease of notation, all binary commands are stated in hex throughout this section. Hex commands are identified by the presence of a $ sign before the hex number. 5.2 - Programming Rules The Model 9002 accepts only eight-bit binary data. Codes sent to control the Model 9002 will be referred to as programs. These programs must begin with the start code $11 and conclude with the end code $13. If either code is omitted, the Model 9002 will not accept the communicated program. The maximum length of a program is 256 bytes including the start and end codes. Programs requiring more than 256 bytes of information must be sent as two consecutive programs with separate start and end codes. Programming is accomplished by combining codes that simulate front panel controls (key-push commands) and keyboard inputted numbers, as well as single and multi-byte special command codes. The Model 9002 can be set up to receive remote data by means of a front panel command or a remote command. At the front panel, you press the REM CTL function key. At the remote controller, send special codes $0F, Go to Remote Control. The front panel is inactive when the Model 9002 is in remote control. A typical program for setup by remote command is: Code $11 $0F $13 Function Start Go to Remote Control End The unit remote address can be set at the front panel or by using an IEEE-488 command. If the command is used to change the address, the display will not show this new address. However, the system will only listen to commands at the new address. This address will remain in effect until a new address is sent or the Model 9002 is returned to local control and the front panel address is active. 19 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 5.2.1 - Listen/Talk Structure Interactions between the Model 9002 and a remote controller should follow the command structure shown below: Talk " " " " " " " " " Listen " " " " " " " " " Controller . . Controller . . Controller . . Controller sets up Model 9002 as a Listener sends Command data sets up Model 9002 as a Talker receives Model 9002 data 5.3 - Key-Push Commands Key-push codes instruct the unit to perform as if commanded by the front panel thus allowing the remote controller to perform all functions available under local operation. Each Key-push codes is independent and instructs the Model 9002 to perform front panel functions, one step at at time. Table 5.1 lists the hex codes for the front panel function keys. These keys are described in Section 4.3. Note Key-push codes that control a toggled function are indicated by an asterisk [*]. Care should be taken to empty these codes only when previous system status has been defined earlier in the program lest they inadvertently switch important functions ON or OFF. Key Code Key Code CH1* CH2 $40 SNG* DIF $50 FLTR TYPE $41 ACT* DC $51 FLTR TYPE $42 AC* DC $52 REM CTL $43 HZ* KHZ $53 FREQ* GAIN $20 CLR DSP $30 Table 5.1 Codes for Function Keys 20 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 The numeric keyboard is remotely simulated by the command codes listed in Table 5.2. Keypad Code Keypad Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 $30 $31 $32 $33 $34 $35 $36 7 8 9 . ENT ⇑ ⇓ $37 $38 $39 $3A $3B $3E $3D Table 5.2 Codes for the Numeric Keypad 5.4 - Special Command Codes Special codes allow the remote controller to perform functions not available or not necessary under local control. Some special codes consist of a command code and one or more data codes that further define the special code. Therefore, these codes may be made up of more than one byte. Table 5.3 is a summary of these special codes. Command Code Function $05 $06 $0B $0C $0D $0E $0F Abort to Local Set Filter Go to Channel 1 or 2, Filter 0-7 Send back Channel Status Send back Channel Definition Send back Clip Status Go to Remote Control Table 5.3 Special Codes Reference to Table B.3 in Appendix B, Decimal to Hex Conversion, may prove helpful in following the discussion in this section. 5.4.1 - Use of Special Codes $05, Abort to Local Special code $05 is a one-byte instruction that returns the Model 9002 to local control. The REM CTL light is turned off and the selected channel and its filter configuration will be displayed. All other codes following $05 are ignored. For example: Code Function $11 $05 • • $13 Start of Program Abort to Local Code here is ignored End of Program 21 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 5.4.2 - Use of Special Codes $06, Set Filter Special code $06 is a seven-byte instruction used to establish a filter configuration. It is composed of a command code ($06) followed by six hex codes that define the filter setup. The parameters to be programmed are listed in Table 5.4. Programmed Parameters Corner Frequency Filter mode (active or bypass) Input configuration (single-ended or differential) Input and Output coupling (AC or DC) Pre-gain Post-gain Table 5.4 Parameters Programmed with Code $06 Each byte in the $05 sequence performs a part of the setup function. The programming process involves the use of this special code to setup the sixteen filter configurations in the instrument. 5.4.2.1 - The Code $06 Command Setup The setup of each byte in the $06 Command Code sequence is: • • Byte 1 is the command code and, therefore, is always $06. Byte 2 contains the channel number to be set up, which is defined as one of the following: Channel CH1 CH2 • Code $00 $01 Byte 3 contains the filter configuration number to be set up, which is defined as one of the following: Configuration Code CONFIG0 CONFIG1 CONFIG2 CONFIG3 CONFIG4 CONFIG5 CONFIG6 CONFIG7 $00 $01 $02 $03 $04 $05 $06 $07 Table 5.5 Filter Configuration Codes • Bytes 4 to 7 define the setup of the selected channel number and filter configuration number. These bytes are mapped out in Table 5.6. Calculation of the correct values for this table is critical to understanding and implementing the remote control process. 22 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 Byte # D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 4 5 6 7 F7 ACT PRE7 PO7 F6 DIF PRE6 PO6 F5 DC PRE5 PO5 F4 R2 PRE4 PO4 F3 R1 PRE3 PO3 F2 R0 PRE2 PO2 F1 F9 PRE1 PO1 F0 F8 PRE0 PO0 Table 5.6 The $06 Command Setup List • Byte 4 contains the least significant bits, F7-F0, of the frequency base, a term we will shortly define. • Byte 5 sets up a number of key parameters: ACT/BYP function Selection of SNG or DIF Choice of AC or DC coupling Frequency range R2-R0 2 MSBs, F9 & F8, of the base frequency As Table 5.6 shows, ACT, DIF and DC are the high (1) setting. A low setting (0) stands for BYP, SNG, and AC. • Byte 6 is the Pre-gain in binary code. • Byte 7 is the Post-gain in binary code. 5.4.2.2 - Calculating Program Parameters Programming the filters involves calculating certain specially defined numbers related to frequency and gain. These calculations are shown step-by-step in this section. Examples are shown with each step to aid your understanding of the process. Desired Corner Frequency (DCF) The Desired Corner Frequency is approximated in the instrument by the Programmed Corner Frequency (PCF). The PCF is composed of two components: Range R Frequency base F These values are derived from the Desired Corner Frequency such that the following equation is true: PCF = (F + 1) x R R is the frequency range value .1, 1, 10, or 100 which, when divided into the Desired Corner Frequency, yields the largest possible number between 1 and 1024. For example, let us calculate R for a Desired Corner Frequency of 10,638 Hz. Table 5.7 lists the results of dividing 10,638 by 0.1 1, 10, and 100. 23 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 DFC R Base Result 10,638 10,638 10,638 10,638 0.1 1 10 100 = = = = 106,380 10,638 1,063.8 106.38 Use this 100 range. (106.38 is the base result.) Table 5.7 Calculation of R Range 100 is selected because the Base Result (106.38) is the largest value of the four results in the range 1 to 1024. When the range has been determined, the binary digits (R2-R0) of the Table 5.6 are selected from Table 5.8 below. These become bits D4-D2 of byte 5. R R2 R1 R0 0.1 1 10 100 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 Table 5.8 Range Selection Table In our example, R = 100, therefore: R2 1 R1 1 R0 1 The frequency base F is calculated after R is known by rounding the base result of Table 5.7 to the nearest whole number and subtracting one (1). When the frequency base F has been determined, it must be converted to a 10-bit binary number and inserted into bytes 4 and 5, bits D7-D0 and D1-D0 of Table 5.6. The base result of 106.38 in Table 5.7 rounds down to 106 resulting in a frequency base F of 106 - 1 = 105. A check of these results shows: Programmed Corner Frequency = (F + 1) x R = (105 + 1) x 100 = 10,600 Hz = 10.6 kHz This value is within the 100 Hz system resolution at the 10kHz level. Conversion of the frequency base to a binary number is the next step. Using established methods, we find the following binary equivalent to 105 decimal. F9 0 F8 0 F7 0 F6 1 F5 1 F4 0 F3 1 F2 0 F1 0 F0 1 These digits are for insertion in bytes 4 and 5, as defined by Table 5.6 24 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 ACT/BYP Status Binary bit 7 of byte 5, calling for the filter to be active or bypassed, is now selected and inserted in Table 5.6. Status ACT Active Bypass 1 0 SNG/DIF configuration Binary bit 6 of byte 5, distinguishing between SNG and DIF configuration, is now selected and inserted in Table 5.6. Input DIF Differential Single-ended 1 0 I/O coupling Binary bit 5 of byte 5, distinguishing between AC and DC coupling, is now selected and inserted in Table 5.6. Coupling DC DC Coupling AC Coupling 1 0 PRE- and POST-gain The binary digits of byte 6, PRE7-PRE0, represent the Pre-gain. The digits PO7 -PO0, byte 7, represent the Postgain. Both gains range from a factor of 1.00 to a factor of 13.75 in digitized increments of .05. The decimal gain code is calculated by the following formula: (Gain - 1) x 20 = Decimal gain code As the gain is incremented in steps of 0.05, the calculated decimal code should be rounded off to the nearest .05. Decimal, hex, and binary gain code conversions are given in Table 5.9. Intermediate values are obtained by continuing the sequence. 25 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 Gain Level Dec Hex P7....P0 (bytes 6 & 7) 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 . . 13.5 13.55 13.6 13.65 13.7 13.75 0 1 2 3 4 5 = = = = = = $00 $01 $02 $03 $04 $05 = + = = = = 00000000 00000001 00000010 00000011 00000100 00000101 250 251 252 253 254 255 = = = = = = $FA $FB $FC $FD $FE $FF = = = = = = 11111010 11111011 11111100 11111101 11111110 11111111 Table 5.9 Gain in Various Numerical Bases Let us expand our example to call for a Pre-gain of 5.15 and a Post-gain of 12.1. Using the gain formula above, the following decimal codes are calculated: (5.15 - 1) x 20 = (12.1 - 1) x 20 = 83 222 = = Decimal code for Pre-gain Decimal code for Post-gain The conversions to binary and hex code are shown below. PRE7 0 PRE6 1 PRE5 0 PRE4 1 PRE3 0 PRE2 0 PRE1 1 PRE0 1 =8310=5316 PO7 1 PO6 1 PO5 0 PO4 1 PO3 1 PO2 1 PO1 1 PO0 0 =22210=0E16 5.4.2.3 - Example of a Code $06 program This exercise is a step-by-step example of the program calculations required for setup with a Special Code $06 program. Sample Configuration Channel Filter Configuration Desired Corner Frequency Filter Mode Input Configuration Coupling Pre-gain Post-gain #1 #4 100 Hz Active Single AC 2.30 10.05 26 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 Perform the following steps to calculate the Code $06 sequence for the sample configuration given above. Step # Action to be Taken 1 1a Get Byte 1 Command Code = $06 2 2a Get Byte 2 Get selected channel # code Channel selected = Ch. 1 Channel code = $00 3 3a Get Byte 3 Get selected filter configuration # code Configuration selected = Config. 4 Configuration Code = $04 4 4a Get bytes 4 - 7 to set filter signal parameters Calculate range (R) and Base Result Base Result = DCF/R = for that R which yield the largest number between 1 and 1024 Desired Corner Frequency (DCF) = 100 Determining the Base Result for the Example DCF 100 100 100 100 R 0.1 0 10 100 Base Result 1000; Select R - 0.1 & Base Result = 1000 100 10 1 4b Get Range Code (R2-R0) for R = 0.1, R2 - R0 = 110, See Table 5.8 4c Calculate Frequency Base (F) F = Base Result - 1 F = 1000 - 1 F = 999 4d Get Frequency Base Code (F9 - F0) Convert F (Frequency Base ) to a 10-bit binary 999 = 1111100111 = F9(MSB) - F0(LSB). 4e Verify F & R results by calculating PCF (Programmed Corner Frequency) PCF = (F + 1) x R = (999 + 1) x 0.1 = 100 If PCF equals the DCF within the resolution for that range, then the results are correct. 27 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 Step # Action to be Taken 4f Get ACT/BYP status code (ACT) Desired status = Active ACT bit = 1 4g Get SNG/DIF configuration code (DIF) Desired Configuration = Single DIF bit = 0 4h Get I/O coupling code (DC) Desired coupling = AC DC = 0 4i Get decimal Pre-gain code Decimal gain code = (gain - 1) x 20 Desired Pre-gain code = 2.30 Decimal Pre-gain code = (2.30 - 1) x 20 Decimal Pre-gain code = 26 4j Get Pre-gain code (PRE7 - PRE0) Convert decimal Pre-gain code to an 8 bit binary number 26 = 00011010 = PRE7(MSB) - PRE0(LSB) 4k Get decimal Post-gain code Decimal gain code = (gain - 1) x 20 Desired Post-gain code = 10.05 Decimal Post-gain code = (10.05 - 1) x 20 Decimal Post-gain code = 181 4l Get Post-gain code (PO7 - PO0) Convert decimal post-gain code to an 8-bit binary number 181 = 10110101 = PO7(MSB) - PO0(LSB) Table 5.10 shows a summary of Step 4. Using the formulas for R, F, and Gain code given in the previous sections, we can calculate the binary numbers for this configuration that are to be inserted into the format of Table 5.6. Function Value Binary Table 5.6 Location R F Status Input Coupling Pre-gain Post-gain .1 999 Active Single AC 2.30gain⇒26code⇒ 10.05gain⇒181code⇒ 110 1111100111 1 0 0 00011010 10110101 R2 - R0 F9 - F0 ACT DIF DC PRE7 - PRE0 PO7 - PO0 Table 5.10 Development of Codes for the Sample Configuration 28 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 Table 5.10 translates into the following form of Table 5.6. Byte D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Hex 4 5 6 7 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 $E7 $9B $1A $B5 These codes can be developed into the following code sequence for the Model 9002. The hex codes become the programming codes transmitted via IEEE-488 to the Model 9002. Code Sequence for Sample Configuration Code Function $11 $06 $00 $04 $E7 $9B $1A $B5 $13 Start of Program Code 6, Set Filter Channel #1 Filter Configuration #4 These bytes are the Filter Setup for Freq, Range, Mode Input, Coupling and Pre- and Post-gain End of program The front display and indicator lights will indicate that the data was sent by the Code $06 command. 5.4.3 - Code $0B - Go to Channel N, Filter M Special Code $0B is a three byte instruction that allows the remote controller to select a filter configuration number and a channel number. The three bytes consist of: • Byte 1 • Byte 2 • Byte 3 Command code ($0B) Defines channel number (1 or 2.). See Sec. 5.4.2.1 Defines filter config. nun=number (0-7). See Sec. 5.4.2.1 Sending the $0B code will cause the front display and LEDs to indicate the selected channel number and filter configuration, and will update the instrument to the selected configuration. An example of the use of the $0B code follows. Code Description $11 $0B $00 $02 $13 Start of program Code $0B, Go to Channel N, Filter M Channel #1 chosen Filter Configuration #2 chosen End of program Command data subsequent to this sequence will be stored in Channel 1 and Filter configuration number 2. 29 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 5.4.4 - Code $0C - Send Back Channel Status Special Code $0C is a one-byte instruction that sets the system up to send back channel status data. The Model 9002 must be set up as a talker by the remote controller to send back the data. The Model 9002 will send 11 bytes of data representing the setup of Channels 1 and 2. The data bytes sent back are: • • • • • Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4-7 Bytes 8-11 Number of codes to be sent back (including byte 1) Identification of special code sent = $0C Present filter configuration number Channel 1 status data as defined in bytes 4-7 of Code $06 command description, Table 5.5 Channel 2 status data as defined in bytes 4-7 of Codes $06 command description, Table 5.5 A simple instructional program follows. Code Description $11 $0C $13 Start of program Code $0C, Send Back Channel Status End of program As an example, suppose the following is the status of the channels: Status Data CH1 CH2 Filter config. No. Frequency Mode Configuration Coupling Pre-gain Post-gain 2 100 Hz Active Differential DC 1.00 5.00 2 20 kHz Active Single AC 1.35 13.75 The system will send back the following data bytes: Byte # Hex Function 1 2 $0B $0C 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 $02 $E7 $FB $00 $50 $C7 $9C $07 $FF Number of data bytes being sent Value of special code (To define the type of data being sent (i.e., Channel data = $0C) Filter Configuration number 2 Ch. 1 Data per Table 5.6, byte 4 Ch. 1 Data per Table 5.6, byte 5 Ch. 1 Data per Table 5.6, byte 6 Ch. 1 Data per Table 5.6, byte 7 Ch. 2 Data per Table 5.6, byte 4 Ch. 2 Data per Table 5.6, byte 5 Ch. 2 Data per Table 5.6, byte 6 Ch. 2 Data per Table 5.6, byte 7 30 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 5.4.5 - Code $0D - Send Back Channel Definition This is a one-byte instruction which sets the system up to send back filter type data in the related channel. The Model 9002 must be set up as a talker by the remote controller to send back the data. The data consists of four bytes which represent the filters of Channel 1 and 2. • • • • Byte Byte Byte Byte 1 2 3 4 # of codes being sent back Identification of special code sent = $0D Coded filter type in Channel 1 Coded filter type in Channel 2 There are three types of channel filter cards to be encoded for return transmission: Lowpass, Highpass and Special. The hex codes for the available low- and highpass filters are given in Table 5.11. Filter Code Characteristic Lowpass $00 $01 $02 $03 $05 $06 $07 $08 $09 $0A 8-pole Butterworth 8-pole 6 zero elliptic 8-pole Bessel 8-pole 6-zero constant delay 8-pole, 6-zero, elliptic (200kHz) 4-pole Bessel 4-pole, Butterworth 8-pole, Bessel (200kHz) 8-pole, Butterworth (200kHz) 8-pole, 6-zero constant delay (200 kHz) Highpass 8-pole Butterworth 8-pole 6 zero elliptic 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic (200kHz) 4-pole, Butterworth 8-pole, Butterworth (200kHz) $10 $11 $15 $17 $19 Table 5.11 Hex Codes of Filters Bytes 3 and 4 will be sent back with the filter type data for Channels 1 and 2, respectively. The structure of bytes 3 and 4 is given below. D7 0 D6 0 D5 x D4 x D3 x D2 x D1 x D0 x D7 and D6 will always be zero for this command codes. If D5 = 1, the channel is a special filer (FL). D4-D0 are decoded into number between 0 and 31. Refer to the Product Data Sheet (Appendix A) for the code definitions. 31 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 If D5 = 0, then D4 = 0 for LP and D4 = 1 for HP. D3 - D0 are decoded into a number between 0 and 15. In the following example, a program is sent to the Model 9002, and it then responds with a four-byte sequence of data. The program sent is: Code Function $11 $0D $13 Start of Program Codes $0D. Send back Channel Definition End of Program If Channel 1 is an 8-pole, 6-zero lowpass Elliptic filter and Channel 2 is a highpass Butterworth filter, then the Model 9002 will send back the following data bytes as displayed in Table 5.12 Byte # Hex Description Byte Byte Byte Byte $04 $0D $01 $10 # of bytes being sent back Identification of special code Channel 1 coded definition Channel 2 coded definition 1 2 3 4 Table 5.12 Channel Definition Data Sent Back 5.4.6 - Code $0E - Send Back Clip Status Special Code $0E is a one-byte instruction which sets the Model 9002 up to send back signal clipping data. The Model 9002 must be set up as a talker by the remote controller to send back the data. It sends back three bytes of data which represent the clipping status of Channels 1 and 2. Byte # Hex Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 $03 $0E $00 $80 $40 $C0 Description = = = = Number of codes being sent back Identification of special code sent back Clip status of Channel 1 and 2 Clipping in Channels 1 and 2 Clipping in Channels 2 only Clipping in Channels 1 only No Clipping Table 5.13 Clip Status Definition A remote control sequence to request clipping data is: Code Function $11 $0E $13 Start of Program Codes $0E. Send back Channel Definition End of Program 32 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 If Channel 1 is clipping and Channel 2 is not clipping, then the Model 9002 will send back the following data bytes: • Byte 1 = $03 • Byte 2 = $0E • Byte 3 = $40 # of bytes being sent back Identification of special code Channel 1 clipping only 5.4.7 - Code $0F - Go to Remote Control Special code $0F is a 1-byte instruction which puts the Model 9002 into remote control at its present remote address. This sets up the Model 9002 as a listener and turns on the REM indicator light. An example of a program to enable this function is: Code Function $11 $0F $13 Start of Program Go to Remote Control End of Program 5.5 - Example of a Remote Control Program In the following example, the Model 9002 is to be set up as shown in the boxed text below, and is then told to send back a series of status reports. Channel #1, Filter Configuration #0 Freq Pre-gain Post-gain Coupling Input config. Filter mode 50.4 Hz 1.5 dB 13.55 dB DC Single ended Bypass Channel #1, Filter Configuration #1 Freq 12.6 Hz 33 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Remote Control Operation Section 5 The following program makes use of all the special codes and many of the front panel key pushes. Code Function $11 $0F $06 $00 $00 $F7 $39 $0A $FB $0B $00 $01 $3C $31 $32 $3A $36 $3B $0C $0D $0E $05 $13 Start of Program Go to remote control Set filter Channel 1 Filter configuration #0 Corner freq = 50.4 Hz Range 0, DC, Single, Bypass Pre-gain = 1.5 Post-gain = 13.55 Go to channel N, filter M Channel 1 Filter configuration #1 Clear display (CLR DSP) keypad push Keypad push 1 Keypad push 2 Keypad push ‘.’ Keypad push 6 Keypad push ENT Send back channel status Send back channel definition Send back clip status Abort remote End of program The Send back codes ($0C, $0D, and $0E) are included in the program to provide feedback of the correctness of the setup. When the program is finished and the Model 9002 is in local control, verify the filter configuration system by performing front panel key push commands. For two additional examples of code sequences used to send and receive data from the Model 9002, refer to Appendix C. 34 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Appendix B Appendix B Binary/Decimal/Hex Review When remotely programming the Model 9002, you must convert a decimal number to a 10-bit binary number and then convert it into a hex code. This review describes the formulas and procedures that are used to make such conversions. B.1 - Decimal to Binary A decimal number is converted to a binary number by using an algorithm which performs repeated division by two, and then multiplies the remainder by two to determine the value of the binary data bits. Conversion of Decimal 999 to Binary 1111100111 Number 999 Decimal N Remainder R Value 2xR Binary Bit N/2= 499 249 124 62 31 15 7 3 1 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 Therefore, the 10-bit binary equivalent to the decimal number 999 is: D9 1 D8 1 D7 1 D6 1 D5 1 D4 0 D3 0 D2 1 D1 1 D0 1 Conversion of Decimal 224 to Binary 0011100000 Number 224 Decimal N Remainder R Value 2xR Binary Bit N/2= 112 56 28 14 7 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 35 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Appendix B B.2 - Binary to Hex Data input to the Model 9002 is a sequence of 8-bit binary bytes. For ease of presentation, this manual is written in 2-digit hex notation. What follows is a review of the relationship between binary and hex formats. The relationship between a 4-bit binary number and a 1-digit hex number is as follows: 4-Bit Binary 1-Digit Hex 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F Table B.1 Binary to Hex Conversion Two digit hex notation represents (2-digit x 4-bit) 8-bit binary data. Therefore, in hex notation, an 8-bit byte is 2, 4-bit binary numbers side by side. The relationship between 8-bit binary and two digit hex is as follows: 8-Bit Binary 2-Digit Hex 0000 1111 0001 1110 0010 1101 0011 1100 0100 1011 0101 1010 0110 1001 0111 1000 0F 1E 2D 3C 4B 5A 69 78 Table B.2 Conversion of 8-Bit Binary to Hex 36 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Appendix B B.3 - Decimal to Hex Conversion from decimal to hex is shown in Table B.3. The process can be extended for larger decimal numbers. Dec Hex Dec Hex Dec Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 $01 $02 $03 $04 $05 $06 $07 $08 $09 $0A $0B $0C $0D $0E $0F $10 $11 $12 $13 $14 $15 $16 $17 $18 $19 $1A $1B 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 $1C $1D $1E $1F $20 $21 $22 $23 $24 $25 $26 $27 $28 $29 $2A $2B $2C $2D $2E $2F $30 $31 $32 $33 $34 $35 $36 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 $37 $38 $39 $3A $3B $3C $3D $3E $3F $40 $41 $42 $43 $44 $45 $46 $47 $48 $49 $4A $4B $4C $4D $4E $4F $50 Table B.3 Decimal to Hex Conversion 37 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Appendix C Appendix C Remote Control Programs The following programs are examples that can be used to send and receive data from the Model 9002. An IBM PC and a PC < >488 board manufactured by Capitol Equipment Corporation have been used for these examples. The programs were written in Microsoft Basic. The PC < >488 will drive 15 devices with a total cable length of 20 meters or 2 meters times the number of devices, whichever is less. The PC < >488 consists of hardware that will fully implement the IEEE-488 standard. In these programs, T$ contains 8-bit binary data to be sent over the bus to the Model 9002. The Model 9002 will not accept ASCII data. The data has been sent in decimal, not hex (the hex numbers have been converted to decimal). The user has set the address of the Model 9002 to 0, and the system has been told to listen. MTA means MY TALK ADDRESS, which has told the PC that it is a talker. Program 1 This program performs a Code $06, Set Filter, using the PC < >488 and the PC. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 DEF SEG=&HC400; Define segment for PC board (memory address) INITIALIZE=0; Subroutine offset for initialize MY.ADDRESS%=21; IBM GPIB address CONTROLLER%=0; System Control CALL INITIALIZE (MY.ADDRESS%, CONTROLLER%); Initialize PC board TRANSMIT=3; Subroutine offset for routine which sends data T$=”LISTEN 0 MTA DATA 17 06 00 00 247 57 10 351 19” *Command data for 9002. Send a Code $06 to set up Ch1, Flt 0, F=50.4 Hz, DC, Single *Bypass, Pre-gain = 1.5, Post-gain = 13.55 *Listen address = 0 (9002 has been set to 0) 9002 will listen only *MTA = My Talk Address. The IBM has been addressed to talk CALL TRANSMIT (T$, STATUS%) ;Send data to 9002 PRINT STATUS%; Indicates whether transfer went ok *STATUS%=0, Transfer successful: STATUS%=8, Unsuccessful, timed-out STOP 38 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 9002 Appendix C Program 2 This program performs a Code $0C, Send Back Channel Status, using the PC < >488 and and IBM PC. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 DIM INFO%(10); Array used to store data being sent by the 9002 DEF SEG=&HC400; Memory address of board TRANSMIT=3: TARRAY=203; Two subroutine offset addresses INITIALIZE=0; Subroutine offset address MY.ADDRESS%=21; IBM address LEVEL% =0; System control CALL INITIALIZE (MY.ADDRESS%, LEVEL%); Initialize board T$ =”LISTEN 0 MTA DATA 17 12 19” ; Command data sent to 9002 *A Code $0C is sent, which says send back the status of channels *LISTEN at address 0=9002 address, MTA - my talk address IBM CALL TRANSMIT (T$, STATUS%); Send data to 9002 CMD$=”UNL TALK 0 MLA”; UNL = Unlisten all addresses, TALK at address 0 *address 0 = 9002 address. MLA = my listen address IBM CALL TRANSMIT (CMD$, STATUS%); Set Model 9002 up as a talker SEGMENT%=-1; Default data segment address COUNT%=11; # of data bytes being transmitted from 9002 R$=SPACE$(11); Set up space in the string to receive data LENGTH%=0; Returns actual # of bytes received OFS%=0; Offset portion of the memory address of the data OFS=0; Variable to hold string address STATUS%=0; Indicates whether transfer went ok OFS% = VARPTR(R$); Get address of the data DEF SEG; Set to default segment OFS=PEEK (OFS%+1)=256*PEEK(OFS%+2); Get string address IF OFS > 32767 THEN OFS=OFS-65536; Make address into a valid integer DEF SEG=&HC400; Set to PC488 segment OFS%=OFS; Store incoming data to this string address CALL RARRAY (SEGMENT%,OFS%,COUNT%,LENGTH%,STATUS%);Receive binary data *from the 9002 and store in string R$ located at address in OFS% FOR I%=1 TO 11; Print data in ASCII format PRINT ASC(MID$,I%,1)); Print data received to screen NEXT END After the talk back Code $0C is sent, then the Model 9002 is told to talk and the IBM is told to listen. The data being sent from the Model 9002 is 8-bit binary data, no ASCII. Therefore, RARRAY had to be used. This data is going to be received into a string variable. To do this, the string must first be set to the required length. Second, the address of the string must be obtained for use with an RARRAY call. The VARPTR function in BASIC returns the address of ‘String Descriptor’, which in turn, contains the address of the string. We hope the information given here will be helpful. The information is based on data and our best knowledge, and we considered the information to be true and accurate. Please read all statements, recommendations or suggestions herein in conjunction with our conditions of sale which apply to all goods supplied by us. We assume no responsibility for the use of these statements, recommendations or suggestions, nor do we intend them as a recommendation for any use which would infringe any patent or copyright. DS-09002-04 39 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 01830 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 978/374-0761 • FAX: 978/521-1839 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com