BF P740 F ES D Dual B and LN A f or Wi MA X/W LA N 2.3 - 2.7 G H z and 5 -6 G Hz a ppli c ations Applic atio n N ote A N 189 Revision: Rev. 1.0 2010-10-15 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2010-10-15 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2010 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Application Note AN189 Revision History: 2010-10-15 Previous Revision: no previous revision Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG A-GOLD™, BlueMoon™, COMNEON™, CONVERGATE™, COSIC™, C166™, CROSSAVE™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CONVERPATH™, CORECONTROL™, DAVE™, DUALFALC™, DUSLIC™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPACK™, EconoPIM™, E-GOLD™, EiceDRIVER™, EUPEC™, ELIC™, EPIC™, FALC™, FCOS™, FLEXISLIC™, GEMINAX™, GOLDMOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, INCA™, ISAC™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, IWORX™, M-GOLD™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, MUSLIC™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OCTALFALC™, OCTAT™, OmniTune™, OmniVia™, OptiMOS™, OPTIVERSE™, ORIGA™, PROFET™, PRO-SIL™, PrimePACK™, QUADFALC™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SCEPTRE™, SCOUT™, S-GOLD™, SensoNor™, SEROCCO™, SICOFI™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SLIC™, SMARTi™, SmartLEWIS™, SMINT™, SOCRATES™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TrueNTRY™, TriCore™, TRENCHSTOP™, VINAX™, VINETIC™, VIONTIC™, WildPass™, X-GOLD™, XMM™, X-PMU™, XPOSYS™, XWAY™. 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Last Trademarks Update 2009-10-19 Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 3 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications List of Content, Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2 Using BFP740FESD for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz Applications ............................. 6 3 Application Information ..................................................................................................................... 8 4 Typical Measurement Results ........................................................................................................... 9 5 Measured graphs from 2.3 to 2.7GHz ............................................................................................. 10 6 Measured graphs from 5.0 to 6.0GHz ............................................................................................. 14 7 Evaluation Board and layout Information ...................................................................................... 20 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 21 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 BFP740FESD in TSFP-4 Package ...................................................................................................... 5 WiMAX/WLAN Transceiver system ...................................................................................................... 7 Schematics of the application circuit .................................................................................................... 8 Insertion power gain of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz ..................................... 10 Noise figure of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz .................................................. 10 Input matching of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz.............................................. 11 Output matching of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz ........................................... 11 Reverse Isolation of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz ......................................... 12 Input 1dB compression point of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz ....................... 12 rd Output 3 order Intercept point of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz .................... 13 Input and Output impedance of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz ........................ 13 Insertion power gain of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz ........................................... 14 Noise figure of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz ........................................................ 14 Input matching of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz .................................................... 15 Output matching of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz ................................................. 15 Reverse isolation of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz................................................ 16 Input 1dB compression point of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz ............................. 16 rd Output 3 order intercept point of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz .......................... 17 Input and Output impedance of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz .............................. 17 K-factor stability of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax 2.3-2.7&5-6GHz applications .................... 18 µ-factor stability of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax 2.3-2.7&5-6GHz applications .................... 18 Rise switching time of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax 2.3-2.7&5-6GHz applications............... 19 Fall switching time of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax 2.3-2.7&5-6GHz applications ................ 19 PCB Picture of Evaluation Board ....................................................................................................... 20 PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 20 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Pin definition ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Bill-of-Materials..................................................................................................................................... 8 Summary of Measurement results for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz (at room temperature) ................. 9 Summary of Measurement results for WiMAX/WLAN 5-6GHz (at room temperature) ...................... 9 Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 4 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Features • Robust high performance low noise amplifier based on Infineon´s reliable, high volume SiGe:C wafer technology •2 kV ESD robustness (HBM) due to integrated protection circuits •Thin, small, flat, Pb- and halogen free (RoHS compliant) package with visible leads 1.2 Figure 1 BFP740FESD in TSFP-4 Package Applications The BFP740FESD from Infineon Technologies is a SiGe:C Heterojunction bipolar transistor dedicated for low noise amplificators applications. Packaged into a TSFP-4 package, this transistor is easy-touse for the designs. The pin configuration is shown in Table 1. Pin definition Table 1 Pin Pin name 1 2 3 4 B E C E Comments Base of the BFP740FESD transistor Emitter of the BFP740FESD transistor Collector of the BFP740FESD transistor Emitter of the BFP740FESD transistor This component is also suitable for WiMAX middle band (from 3.3 to 3.7GHz) and is therefore interesting for all the WiMAX/WLAN applications. However, this device fits for all GPS LNAs (1575MHz) and also for cordless phones systems (5.8GHz). Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 5 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Using BFP740FESD for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz Applications 2 Using BFP740FESD for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz Applications Since the last 50 years, we saw a constant evolution on the field of wireless communications. Humans always try to communicate even longer and with the biggest amount of information to share. As the technology is getting more and more portative, the need to transfer datas and networks without any cable became important. Nowadays, with the progress of technology regarding cell phones and others communication supports like computers and internet, the information traffic is getting heavier and heavier. Therefore, the telecommunications authorities which regulate and allocate frequency bands to users (military or public applications) have adopted the WLAN standards IEEE 802.11 a, b, and g… with different frequency bands especially dedicated for local area networks (LAN) in order to link computers to the web internet. But, where the link to internet is difficult to provide or the infrastructures are getting too much expensive for places like villages or small towns, a new solution called WiMAX appeared. This standard that internet providers are now more and more developing, is created to link towns to the Wide Area Network (WAN) using wireless connections. Thus, users are able to use WiMAX from office to home with a wireless link. Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 6 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Using BFP740FESD for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz Applications This application note describes the BFP740FESD performances for WiMAX and WLAN high/Low bands. The Figure 2 presents the transmission reception Tx/Rx at each user side. In order to receive and treat the signal information received at the antenna, the weak signal needs to be amplified. Therefore, the use of an LNA is essential to amplify the signal generating a really low noise and thus, preserve the signal integrity. The use of BFP740FESD is interesting for this application, since, it is amplifying both high and also low band signals regarding WLAN and WiMAX. Figure 2 WiMAX/WLAN Transceiver system The BFP740FESD is here presented in LNA configuration (please see the Figure 3 for the circuit schematic and Table 2 for the Bill-of-Materials). The summary of measurement results is located on Table 3 and Table 4 The LNA provides a gain of about 14.0 dB in low band and 12.0 dB in high band of the WiMAX/WLAN standard. This LNA brings for both bands a maximum noise figure of 1.4 dB. The input and output are matched to 50 Ω with at least 9 dB matching. The input 1dB compression point is reaching -15.5 dBm (low band) and -5.5 dBm (high band). The input 3rd Order intercept point is located at -6.0 dBm (low band) and 6.0 dBm (high band). Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 7 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Application Information 3 Application Information 3.1 Schematic diagram Figure 3 Table 2 Schematic diagram of the application circuit Bill-of-Materials Symbol Value Unit Size C1 3.6 pF 0402 Various Input Matching/DC Block C2 33 pF 0402 Various RF signal to ground C3 33 pF 0402 Various RF signal to ground C4 3.0 pF 0402 Various Stability/Gain [email protected] C5 22 pF 0402 Various Output Matching/DC Block L1 1.0 nH 0402 Murata LQG series Input Matching/DC Block L2 1.6 nH 0402 Murata LQG series Output Matching/DC Block R1 39 kΩ 0402 Various Base current settings R2 0 Ω 0402 Various Jumper R3 5.1 Ω 0402 Various Collector current settings R4 7.5 Ω 0402 Various Output Matching/ Stability improvement M1 Q Manufacturer 0.2x0.6mm BFP740FESD Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 TSFP-4 Comment Emitter degeneration FR4 substrate Infineon Technologies SiGe C: bipolar transistor 8 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Typical Measurement Results 4 Typical Measurement Results Table 3 Summary of Measurement results for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz (at room temperature) Vcc=2.8V, Ic=13mA, freq=2300…2700MHz Parameter Symbol Value Unit Frequency Range Freq 2300…2700 MHz DC Voltage Vcc 2.8 V DC Current Icc 13.0 mA Gain G 14.0 dB Noise Figure NF 1.2 dB Input Return Loss RLin 9.0 dB Output Return Loss RLout 9.0 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 29.0 dB Input P1dB IP1dB -15.5 dBm Output P1dB OP1dB -3.0 dBm Input IP3 IIP3 -9.0 dBm Output IP3 OIP3 5.0 dBm Switching Time TsMax 540 ns Maximum time between rise and fall time Stability k >1 -- Unconditionnally stable from 0 to 10 GHz Table 4 Comment/Test Condition Input power Pin=-30 dBm Pin=-30..0dBm. measured @2.4GHz Pin=-40 dBm, f1=2400 MHz, f2=2401 MHz Summary of Measurement results for WiMAX/WLAN 5-6GHz (at room temperature) Vcc=2.8V, Ic=13mA, freq=5000…6000MHz Parameter Symbol Value Unit Comment/Test Condition Frequency Range Freq 5000…6000 MHz DC Voltage Vcc 2.8 V DC Current Icc 13.0 mA Gain G 12.0 dB Noise Figure NF 1.4 dB Input Return Loss RLin 9.0 dB Output Return Loss RLout 9.0 dB Reverse Isolation IRev 22.0 dB Input P1dB IP1dB -5.5 dBm Output P1dB OP1dB -6.5 dBm Input IP3 IIP3 6.0 dBm Output IP3 OIP3 18.0 dBm Switching time TsMax 540 ns Maximum time between rise and fall time Stability k >1 -- Unconditionnally stable from 0 to 10 GHz Input power Pin=-30 dBm Pin=-30…0 dBm. measured @5.5GHz Pin=-30 dBm, f1=5500 MHz, f2=5501 MHz Note: the measurements showed in Table 3 and Table 4 are excluding the PCB and SMA losses of 0.20dB. Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 9 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 2.3 to 2.7GHz 5 Measured graphs from 2.3 to 2.7GHz Insertion Power Gain InBand 30 25 2300 MHz 15.66 dB 2700 MHz 17.1 dB 20 15 2400 MHz 13.86 dB 10 5 0 0 Figure 4 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Insertion power gain of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz Noise figure 1.5 NF(dB) 1.4 1.3 2300 MHz 1.24 dB 2400 MHz 1.187 dB 2700 MHz 1.051 dB 1.2 1.1 1 2300 Figure 5 2400 2500 Frequency (MHz) 2600 2700 Noise figure of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 10 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 2.3 to 2.7GHz Input Matching 0 -5 -10 2700 MHz -9.382 dB 2300 MHz -16.87 dB -15 -20 2400 MHz -23.46 dB -25 -30 0 Figure 6 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Input matching of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz Output Matching 0 2400 MHz -10.21 dB -5 2600 MHz -9.22 dB 2700 MHz -9.546 dB -10 2300 MHz -10.43 dB -15 -20 0 Figure 7 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Output matching of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 11 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 2.3 to 2.7GHz Reverse Isolation 40 35 30 2700 MHz 28.97 dB 25 2300 MHz 32.89 dB 20 15 2400 MHz 34.06 dB 10 5 0 0 Figure 8 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Reverse Isolation of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz Compression point at 1dB 20 -27 dBm 13.52 dB -15.51 dBm 12.52 dB Gain(dB) 15 10 5 0 -27 Figure 9 -22 -17 -12 Pin (dBm) -7 -2 0 Input 1dB compression point of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 12 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 2.3 to 2.7GHz Figure 10 rd Output 3 order Intercept point of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz 0.8 2. 0 6 0. Swp Max 2700MHz 2700 MHz r 1.14525 x 0.769949 0 3. 2300 MHz r 0.788116 x 0.14567 10.0 2700 MHz r 0.925671 x -0.690647 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 11 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 0.2 0.2 2300 MHz r 0.569465 x 0.0763821 5.0 2400 MHz r 0.94234 x 0.117206 2.0 0. 4 2400 MHz r 0.563926 x 0.25122 0 4. -10.0 Z11 Z22 1.0 Z Parameters Input output matching Swp Min 2300MHz Input and Output impedance of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 2.3-2.7GHz Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 13 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 5.0 to 6.0GHz 6 Measured graphs from 5.0 to 6.0GHz Insertion Power Gain InBand 30 25 5000 MHz 14.31 dB 5500 MHz 13.33 dB 20 15 6000 MHz 12.33 dB 10 5 0 0 Figure 12 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Insertion power gain of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz Noise figure 1.5 NF(dB) 1.4 6000 MHz 1.362 dB 1.3 1.2 5000 MHz 1.019 dB 5500 MHz 1.1195 dB 1.1 1 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 13 Noise figure of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 14 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 5.0 to 6.0GHz Input Matching 0 -5 -10 5000 MHz -8.681 dB 5500 MHz -9.713 dB 6000 MHz -10.31 dB -15 -20 0 Figure 14 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Input matching of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz Output Matching 0 6000 MHz -9.329 dB -5 5000 MHz -19.77 dB -10 -15 5500 MHz -12.97 dB -20 -25 -30 0 Figure 15 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Output matching of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 15 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 5.0 to 6.0GHz Reverse Isolation 40 35 30 25 20 15 5000 MHz 23.38 dB 10 6000 MHz 22.21 dB 5500 MHz 22.75 dB 5 0 0 Figure 16 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 10000 Reverse isolation of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz Compression point at 1dB 20 -27 dBm 13.03 dB Gain(dB) 15 -5.688 dBm 12.03 dB 10 5 0 -27 Figure 17 -22 -17 -12 Pin (dBm) -7 -2 0 Input 1dB compression point of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 16 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 5.0 to 6.0GHz Figure 18 rd Output 3 order intercept point of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz 0.8 2. 0 6 0. 5500 MHz r 0.583811 x 0.325768 6000 MHz r 0.741087 x 0.486831 0 3. 0 4. 10.0 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 5000 MHz r 1.15869 x 0.138582 2 -0. 5500 MHz r 1.43177 x 0.332155 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 19 5.0 6000 MHz r 1.83498 x 0.523724 5000 MHz r 0.477795 x 0.163771 4 .0 -5. 0 0. 4 0 Swp Max 6000MHz -10.0 Z11 Z22 1.0 Z Parameters Input output matching Swp Min 5000MHz Input and Output impedance of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax at 5-6GHz Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 17 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 5.0 to 6.0GHz Stability K Factor 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3088.2 MHz 1.092 3 2 1 0 0 Figure 20 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 8000 10000 K-factor stability of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax 2.3-2.7&5-6GHz applications Stability Mu factor Mu2 factor 5 Mu1 factor 4 3 2 1 0 0 Figure 21 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (MHz) 8000 10000 µ-factor stability of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax 2.3-2.7&5-6GHz applications Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 18 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Measured graphs from 5.0 to 6.0GHz Figure 22 Rise switching time of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax 2.3-2.7&5-6GHz applications Figure 23 Fall switching time of the BFP740FESD for WLAN/Wimax 2.3-2.7&5-6GHz applications Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 19 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Evaluation Board and layout Information 7 Evaluation Board and layout Information Figure 24 PCB Picture of Evaluation Board Figure 25 PCB Layer Information Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 20 / 22 2010-10-15 BFP740FESD Dual Band LNA for WiMAX/WLAN 2.3-2.7GHz and 5-6GHz applications Authors Authors Anthony Thomas, RF Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Dietmar Stolz, Staff engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Application Note AN189, Rev. 1.0 21 / 22 2010-10-15 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN189