LTM4625 20VIN, 5A Step-Down DC/DC µModule Regulator FEATURES DESCRIPTION Complete Solution in <1cm2 (Single-Sided PCB) or 0.5cm2 (Dual-Sided PCB) nn Wide Input Voltage Range: 4V to 20V nn Input Voltage Down to 2.375V with External Bias nn 0.6V to 5.5V Output Voltage nn 5A DC Output Current nn ±1.5% Maximum Total DC Output Voltage Error Over Line, Load and Temperature nn Current Mode Control, Fast Transient Response nn External Frequency Synchronization nn Multiphase Parallel Current Sharing with Multiple LTM4625s nn Output Voltage Tracking nn Selectable Discontinuous Mode nn Power Good Indicator nn Overvoltage, Overcurrent and Overtemperature Protection nn 6.25mm × 6.25mm × 5.01mm BGA Package The LTM®4625 is a complete 5A step-down switching mode µModule (micromodule) regulator in a tiny 6.25mm × 6.25mm × 5.01mm BGA package. Included in the package are the switching controller, power FETs, inductor and support components. Operating over an input voltage range of 4V to 20V or 2.375V to 20V with an external bias supply, the LTM4625 supports an output voltage range of 0.6V to 5.5V, set by a single external resistor. Its high efficiency design delivers up to 5A continuous output current. Only bulk input and output capacitors are needed. APPLICATIONS The LTM4625 is available with SnPb or RoHS compliant terminal finish. nn Telecom, Datacom, Networking and Industrial Equipment nn Medical Diagnostic Equipment nn Data Storage Rack Units and Cards nn Test and Debug Systems nn The LTM4625 supports selectable discontinuous mode operation and output voltage tracking for supply rail sequencing. Its high switching frequency and current mode control enable a very fast transient response to line and load changes without sacrificing stability. Fault protection features include overvoltage, overcurrent and overtemperature protection. L, LT, LTC, LTM, µModule, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and LTpowerCAD is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. TYPICAL APPLICATION 1.5V Output Efficiency vs Load Current 95 5A, 1.5V Output DC/DC µModule® Step-Down Regulator 90 10µF 0.1µF VOUT 1.5V 47µF 5A CLKIN PHMODE CLKOUT VIN VOUT SVIN RUN LTM4625 PGOOD INTVCC MODE COMP FB TRACK/SS FREQ GND SGND 85 EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 4V TO 20V 80 75 70 40.2k 4625 TA01a 65 60 VIN = 5V VIN = 12V 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 5 4625 TA01b 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 1 LTM4625 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PIN CONFIGURATION (Note 1) (See Pin Functions, Pin Configuration Table) VIN, SVIN..................................................... –0.3V to 22V RUN........................................................... –0.3V to SVIN PGOOD, MODE, TRACK/SS, FREQ, PHMODE, CLKIN..................................................... –0.3V to INTVCC Internal Operating Temperature Range (Notes 2, 5)............................................. –40°C to 125°C Storage Temperature Range................... –55°C to 125°C Peak Solder Reflow Body Temperature.................. 245°C TOP VIEW CLKOUT CLKIN SVIN SGND FREQ VIN MODE INTVCC 5 4 RUN 3 PHMODE TRACK/SS 2 FB COMP 1 GND PGOOD VOUT A B C D E BGA PACKAGE 25-LEAD (6.25mm × 6.25mm × 5.01mm) TJMAX = 125°C, θJCtop = 17°C/W, θJCbottom = 11°C/W, θJB + θBA = 22°C/W, θJA = 22°C/W, θJA DERIVED FROM 95mm × 76mm PCB WITH 4 LAYERS θ VALUES DETERMINED PER JESD51-12, WEIGHT = 0.5g ORDER INFORMATION PART NUMBER PAD OR BALL FINISH PART MARKING* FINISH CODE PACKAGE TYPE MSL RATING DEVICE LTM4625EY#PBF SAC305 (RoHS) LTM4625Y LTM4625IY#PBF SAC305 (RoHS) LTM4625IY SnPb (63/37) TEMPERATURE RANGE (Note 2) e1 BGA 3 –40°C to 125°C LTM4625Y e1 BGA 3 –40°C to 125°C LTM4625Y e0 BGA 3 –40°C to 125°C Consult Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *Device temperature grade is indicated by a label on the shipping container. Pad or ball finish code is per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-609. • Recommended LGA and BGA PCB Assembly and Manufacturing Procedures: www.linear.com/umodule/pcbassembly • Terminal Finish Part Marking: www.linear.com/leadfree • LGA and BGA Package and Tray Drawings: www.linear.com/packaging ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified internal operating temperature range (Note 2), otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = SVIN = 12V per the typical application shown on the front page. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Switching Regulator Section: per Channel VIN Input DC Voltage VOUT Output Voltage Range VOUT(DC) Output Voltage, Total Variation with Line and Load CIN = 22µF, COUT = 100µF Ceramic, RFB = 40.2k, MODE = INTVCC, IOUT = 0A to 5A (Note 3) –40°C to 125°C VRUN RUN Pin On Threshold VRUN Rising IQ(SVIN) Input Supply Bias Current VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V, MODE = INTVCC VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V, MODE = GND Shutdown, RUN = 0, VIN = 12V IS(VIN) Input Supply Current VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 5A 2 SVIN = VIN l 4 20 V l 0.6 5.5 V l 1.477 1.50 1.523 V 1.1 1.2 1.3 V 6 2 11 0.75 mA mA µA A 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified internal operating temperature range (Note 2), otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = SVIN = 12V per the typical application shown on the front page. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS IOUT(DC) Output Continuous Current Range VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V ΔVOUT (Line)/VOUT Line Regulation Accuracy VOUT = 1.5V, VIN = 4V to 20V, IOUT = 0A l 0.04 0.15 VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 0A to 5A l 0.5 1.5 ΔVOUT (Load)/VOUT Load Regulation Accuracy MIN TYP 0 MAX 5 UNITS A %/V % VOUT(AC) Output Ripple Voltage IOUT = 0A, COUT = 100µF Ceramic, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V 5 mV ΔVOUT(START) Turn-On Overshoot IOUT = 0A, COUT = 100µF Ceramic, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V 30 mV tSTART Turn-On Time COUT = 100µF Ceramic, No Load, TRACK/SS = 0.01µF, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V 2.5 ms ΔVOUTLS Peak Deviation for Dynamic Load Load: 0% to 50% to 0% of Full Load, COUT = 47µF Ceramic, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V 160 mV tSETTLE Settling Time for Dynamic Load Step Load: 0% to 50% to 0% of Full Load, COUT = 47µF Ceramic, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V 40 µs IOUTPK Output Current Limit VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.5V VFB Voltage at FB Pin IOUT = 0A, VOUT = 1.5V, –40°C to 125°C IFB Current at FB Pin (Note 4) RFBHI Resistor Between VOUT and FB Pins ITRACK/SS Track Pin Soft-Start Pull-Up Current TRACK/SS = 0V VIN(UVLO) VIN Undervoltage Lockout VIN Falling VIN Hysteresis tON(MIN) Minimum On-Time (Note 4) 40 ns tOFF(MIN) Minimum Off-Time (Note 4) 70 ns VPGOOD PGOOD Trip Level VFB With Respect to Set Output VFB Ramping Negative VFB Ramping Positive l 6 7 0.593 0.60 60.05 IPGOOD PGOOD Leakage VPGL PGOOD Voltage Low IPGOOD = 1mA VINTVCC Internal VCC Voltage SVIN = 4V to 20V fOSC Oscillator Frequency 2.4 –15 7 3.1 V ±30 nA 60.40 60.75 kΩ 2.0 4 µA 2.6 350 2.8 V mV –10 10 –7 15 % % 2 µA 0.02 0.1 V 3.2 3.3 V 1 Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: The LTM4625 is tested under pulsed load conditions such that TJ ≈ TA. The LTM4625E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the 0°C to 125°C internal operating temperature range. Specifications over the –40°C to 125°C internal operating temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The LTM4625I is guaranteed to meet specifications over the full –40°C to 125°C internal operating temperature range. Note that the A 0.607 MHz maximum ambient temperature consistent with these specifications is determined by specific operating conditions in conjunction with board layout, the rated package thermal resistance and other environmental factors. Note 3: See output current derating curves for different VIN, VOUT and TA. Note 4: 100% tested at wafer level. Note 5: This IC includes overtemperature protection that is intended to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction temperature will exceed 125°C when overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above the specified maximum operating junction temperature may impair device reliability. 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 3 LTM4625 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 95 95 EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) DCM Mode Efficiency, VOUT = 1.5V 100 90 90 90 85 80 75 3.3VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.2VOUT 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 2.5VOUT 1.5VOUT 1VOUT 85 80 75 5 4 5VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.5VOUT 1VOUT 65 60 0 1 2 3.3VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.2VOUT 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 1V Output Transient Response 70 50 40 30 10 0 0.001 1.5V Output Transient Response 2.5V Output Transient Response VOUT 50mV/DIV AC-COUPLED LOAD STEP 1A/DIV LOAD STEP 1A/DIV LOAD STEP 1A/DIV VIN = 12V 20µs/DIV VOUT = 1.5V IOUT = 4A TO 5A, 1A/µs OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC 3.3V Output Transient Response 4 10 4625 G03 VOUT 50mV/DIV AC-COUPLED VOUT 50mV/DIV AC-COUPLED LOAD STEP 1A/DIV LOAD STEP 1A/DIV 4625 G07 4625 G05 20µs/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 2.5V IOUT = 4A TO 5A, 1A/µs OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC 4625 G06 5V Output Transient Response VOUT 50mV/DIV AC-COUPLED 20µs/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 3.3V IOUT = 4A TO 5A, 1A/µs OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC 0.01 0.1 1 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4625 G02 VOUT 50mV/DIV AC-COUPLED 4625 G04 VIN = 12V 60 20 5 4 4625 G01 VIN = 12V 20µs/DIV VOUT = 1V IOUT = 4A TO 5A, 1A/µs OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC VIN = 5V 80 70 70 65 Efficiency vs Load Current from 12VIN EFFICIENCY (%) 100 Efficiency vs Load Current from 5VIN 20µs/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 5V IOUT = 4A TO 5A, 1A/µs OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC 4625 G08 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Start-Up with No Load Current Short-Circuit with No Load Applied Start-Up with 5A Load Current VOUT 0.5V/DIV VOUT 0.5V/DIV VOUT 0.5V/DIV IIN 2A/DIV IIN 2A/DIV IIN 500mA/DIV 4625 G10 5ms/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.5V INPUT CAPACITOR = 22µF SANYO ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR + 22µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR SOFT-START CAPACITOR = 0.1µF 4625 G09 5ms/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.5V INPUT CAPACITOR = 22µF SANYO ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR + 22µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR SOFT-START CAPACITOR = 0.1µF Short-Circuit with 5A Load Applied 4625 G11 20µs/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.5V INPUT CAPACITOR = 22µF SANYO ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR + 22µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR Recovery from Short-Circuit with No Load Applied VOUT 0.5V/DIV VOUT 0.5V/DIV IIN 1A/DIV IIN 500mA/DIV 4625 G12 50µs/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.5V INPUT CAPACITOR = 22µF SANYO ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR + 22µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR 4625 G13 20µs/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.5V INPUT CAPACITOR = 22µF SANYO ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR + 22µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR Steady-State Output Voltage Ripple Start Into Pre-Biased Output VOUT 5mV/DIV AC-COUPLED VIN 5V/DIV VOUT 0.5V/DIV 4625 G14 1µs/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.5V INPUT CAPACITOR = 22µF SANYO ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR + 22µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR 20MHz BW 4625 G15 5ms/DIV VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.5V WITH 0.75V PREBIASED VOLTAGE INPUT CAPACITOR = 22µF SANYO ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR + 22µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR OUTPUT CAPACITOR = 47µF CERAMIC CAPACITOR 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 5 LTM4625 PIN FUNCTIONS PACKAGE ROW AND COLUMN LABELING MAY VARY AMONG µModule PRODUCTS. REVIEW EACH PACKAGE LAYOUT CAREFULLY. COMP (A1): Current Control Threshold and Error Amplifier Compensation Point. The current comparator’s trip threshold is linearly proportional to this voltage, whose normal range is from 0.3V to 1.8V. Tie the COMP pins together for parallel operation. The device is internally compensated. Strictly an output pin. Do not drive this pin. TRACK/SS (A2): Output Tracking and Soft-Start Input. Allows the user to control the rise time of the output voltage. Putting a voltage below 0.6V on this pin bypasses the internal reference input to the error amplifier, and servos the FB pin to match the TRACK/SS voltage. Above 0.6V, the tracking function stops and the internal reference resumes control of the error amplifier. There’s an internal 2µA pull-up current from INTVCC on this pin, so putting a capacitor here provides a soft-start function. RUN (A3): Run Control Input of the Switching Mode Regulator. Enables chip operation by tying RUN above 1.2V. Pulling it below 1.1V shuts down the part. Do not leave floating. FREQ (A4): Frequency is set internally to 1MHz. An external resistor can be placed from this pin to SGND to increase frequency, or from this pin to INTVCC to reduce frequency. See the Applications Information section for frequency adjustment. FB (B1): The Negative Input of the Error Amplifier. Internally, this pin is connected to VOUT with a 60.4k precision resistor. Different output voltages can be programmed with an additional resistor between the FB and SGND pins. Tying the FB pins together allows for parallel operation. See the Applications Information section for details. PHMODE (B2): Control Input to Phase Selector of the Switching Mode Regulator Channel. This pin determines the phase relationship between internal oscillator and CLKOUT signal. Tie it to INTVCC for 2-phase operation, tie it to SGND for 3-phase operation, and tie it to INTVCC/2 for 4-phase operation. SGND (B4): Signal Ground Connection. Tie to GND with minimum distance. Connect FREQ resistor, COMP component, MODE, TRACK/SS component, FB resistor to this pin as needed. VOUT (C1, D1-D2, E1-E2): Power Output Pins. Apply output load between these pins and GND pins. Recommend placing output decoupling capacitance directly between these pins and GND pins. PGOOD (C2): Output Power Good with Open-Drain Logic. PGOOD is pulled to ground when the voltage on the FB pin is not within ±10% of the internal 0.6V reference. MODE (C4): Operation Mode Select. Tie this pin to INTVCC to force continuous synchronous operation at all output loads. Tying it to SGND enables discontinuous mode operation at light loads. Do not leave floating. SVIN (C5): Signal VIN. Filtered input voltage to the on-chip 3.3V regulator. Tie this pin to the VIN pin in most applications or connect SVIN to an external voltage supply of at least 4V which must also be greater than VOUT. VIN (D5, E5): Power Input Pins. Apply input voltage between these pins and GND pins. Recommend placing input decoupling capacitance directly between VIN pins and GND pins. INTVCC (E4): Internal Regulator Output. The internal power drivers and control circuits are powered from this voltage. This pin is internally decoupled to GND with a 1µF low ESR ceramic capacitor. Do not drive this pin. CLKIN (A5): External Synchronization Input to Phase Detector of the Switching Mode Regulator. This pin is internally terminated to SGND with 20k. The phase-locked loop will force the top power NMOS’s turn-on signal to be synchronized with the rising edge of the CLKIN signal. CLKOUT (B5): Output Clock Signal for PolyPhase Operation of the Switching Mode Regulator. The phase of CLKOUT with respect to CLKIN is determined by the state of the PHMODE pin. CLKOUT’s peak-to-peak amplitude is INTVCC to GND. Do not drive this pin. GND (B3, C3, D3-D4, E3): Power Ground Pins for Both Input and Output Returns. 6 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 BLOCK DIAGRAM VOUT 60.4k FB RFB 40.2k 10k PGOOD INTVCC SVIN INTVCC VIN 1µF VIN CIN 4V TO 20V 10µF 25V 0.1µF CLKIN 20k 1µH VOUT CLKOUT COUT 47µF 6.3V 1µF POWER CONTROL PHMODE GND VOUT 1.5V 5A MODE TRACK/SS 0.1µF VIN RUN COMP INTERNAL COMP INTERNAL FILTER 162k FREQ SGND 4625 BD Figure 1. Simplified LTM4625 Block Diagram DECOUPLING REQUIREMENTS SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS CIN External Input Capacitor Requirement (VIN = 4V to 20V, VOUT = 1.5V) IOUT = 5A 4.7 10 µF COUT External Output Capacitor Requirement (VIN = 4V to 20V, VOUT = 1.5V) IOUT = 5A 22* 47* µF *Additional capacitance may be required under extreme temperature and/or capacitor bias voltage conditions due to variation of actual capacitance over bias voltage and temperature. 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 7 LTM4625 OPERATION The LTM4625 is a standalone nonisolated switch mode DC/ DC power supply. It can deliver up to 5A DC output current with few external input and output capacitors. This module provides precisely regulated output voltage adjustable between 0.6V to 5.5V via one external resistor over a 4V to 20V input voltage range. With an external bias supply above 4V connected to SVIN, this module operates with an input voltage down to 2.375V. The typical application schematic is shown in Figure 20. The LTM4625 contains an integrated constant on-time valley current mode regulator, power MOSFETs, inductor, and other supporting discrete components. The default switching frequency is 1MHz. For switching noise-sensitive applications, the switching frequency can be adjusted by external resistors and the μModule regulator can be externally synchronized to a clock within ±30% of the set frequency. See the Applications Information section. With current mode control and internal feedback loop compensation, the LTM4625 module has sufficient stability margins and good transient performance with a wide range of output capacitors, even with all ceramic output capacitors. Current mode control provides cycle-by-cycle fast current limiting. Foldback current limiting is provided in an overcurrent condition indicated by a drop in VFB reducing inductor valley current to approximately 40% of the original value. Internal output overvoltage and undervoltage comparators pull the open-drain PGOOD output low if the output feedback voltage exits a ±10% window around the 8 regulation point. Continuous operation is forced during OV and UV condition except during start-up when the TRACK pin is ramping up to 0.6V. Furthermore, in order to protect the internal power MOSFET devices against transient voltage spikes, the LTM4625 constantly monitors the VIN pin for an overvoltage condition. When VIN rises above 23.5V, the regulator suspends operation by shutting off both power MOSFETs. Once VIN drops below 21.5V, the regulator immediately resumes normal operation. The regulator does not execute its soft-start function when exiting an overvoltage condition. Multiphase operation can be easily employed with the synchronization and phase mode controls. Up to 12 phases can be cascaded to run simultaneously with respect to each other by programming the PHMODE pin to different levels. The LTM4625 has CLKIN and CLKOUT pins for PolyPhase operation of multiple devices or frequency synchronization. Pulling the RUN pin below 1.1V forces the controller into its shutdown state, turning off both power MOSFETs and most of the internal control circuitry. At light load currents, discontinuous mode (DCM) operation can be enabled to achieve higher efficiency compared to continuous mode (CCM) by pulling the MODE pin to SGND. The TRACK/SS pin is used for power supply tracking and soft-start programming. See the Applications Information section. 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The typical LTM4625 application circuit is shown in Figure 20. External component selection is primarily determined by the input voltage, the output voltage and the maximum load current. Refer to Table 7 for specific external capacitor requirements for a particular application. VIN to VOUT Step-Down Ratios There are restrictions in the maximum VIN and VOUT stepdown ratios that can be achieved for a given input voltage due to the minimum off-time and minimum on-time limits of the regulator. The minimum off-time limit imposes a maximum duty cycle which can be calculated as: DMAX = 1 – (tOFF(MIN) • fSW) where tOFF(MIN) is the minimum off-time, typically 70ns for LTM4625, and fSW (Hz) is the switching frequency. Conversely the minimum on-time limit imposes a minimum duty cycle of the converter which can be calculated as: DMIN = tON(MIN) • fSW where tON(MIN) is the minimum on-time, typically 40ns for LTM4625. In the rare cases where the minimum duty cycle is surpassed, the output voltage will still remain in regulation, but the switching frequency will decrease from its programmed value. Note that additional thermal derating may be applied. See the Thermal Considerations and Output Current Derating section in this data sheet. Output Voltage Programming The PWM controller has an internal 0.6V reference voltage. As shown in the Block Diagram, a 60.4k internal feedback resistor connects the VOUT and FB pins together. Adding a resistor, RFB, from FB pin to SGND programs the output voltage: RFB = 0.6V • 60.4k VOUT – 0.6V Table 1. RFB Resistor Table vs Various Output Voltages VOUT (V) 0.6 RFB (kΩ) OPEN 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.0 90.9 60.4 40.2 30.1 19.1 13.3 8.25 For parallel operation of N channels, use the following equation to solve for RFB. Tie the VOUT, the COMP and FB pins together for each paralleled output. Connect a single resistor from FB to GND as determined by: RFB = 0.6V 60.4k • VOUT – 0.6V N See Figure 23 for an example of parallel operation. Input Decoupling Capacitors The LTM4625 module should be connected to a low AC impedance DC source. For the regulator, a 10µF input ceramic capacitor is required for RMS ripple current decoupling. Bulk input capacitance is only needed when the input source impedance is compromised by long inductive leads, traces or not enough source capacitance. The bulk capacitor can be an aluminum electrolytic capacitor or polymer capacitor. Without considering the inductor ripple current, the RMS current of the input capacitor can be estimated as: ICIN(RMS) = IOUT(MAX) η% • D• (1–D) where η% is the estimated efficiency of the power module. Output Decoupling Capacitors With an optimized high frequency, high bandwidth design, only a single low ESR output ceramic capacitor is required for the LTM4625 to achieve low output ripple voltage and very good transient response. In extreme cold or hot temperature or high output voltage case, additional ceramic capacitor or tantalum-polymer capacitor is required due to variation of actual capacitance over bias voltage and temperature. Table 7 shows a matrix of different output voltages and output capacitors to minimize the voltage droop and overshoot during a 1A or 2A load-step transient. Additional output filtering may be required by the system designer if further reduction of output ripple or dynamic transient spikes is required. The Linear Technology LTpowerCAD™ design tool is available to download online for output ripple, stability and transient response analysis for further optimization. 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 9 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Discontinuous Current Mode (DCM) In applications where low output ripple and high efficiency at intermediate current are desired, discontinuous current mode (DCM) should be used by connecting the MODE pin to SGND. At light loads the internal current comparator may remain tripped for several cycles and force the top MOSFET to stay off for several cycles, thus skipping cycles. The inductor current does not reverse in this mode. Forced Continuous Current Mode (CCM) In applications where fixed frequency operation is more critical than low current efficiency, and where the lowest output ripple is desired, forced continuous operation should be used. Forced continuous operation can be enabled by tying the MODE pin to INTVCC. In this mode, inductor current is allowed to reverse during low output loads, the COMP voltage is in control of the current comparator threshold throughout, and the top MOSFET always turns on with each oscillator pulse. During start-up, forced continuous mode is disabled and inductor current is prevented from reversing until the LTM4625’s output voltage is in regulation. Operating Frequency The operating frequency of the LTM4625 is optimized to achieve the compact package size and the minimum output ripple voltage while still keeping high efficiency. The default operating frequency is 1MHz. In most applications, no additional frequency adjustment is required. If an operating frequency other than 1MHz is required by the application, the operating frequency can be increased by adding a resistor, RFSET, between the FREQ pin and SGND, as shown in Figure 22. The operating frequency can be calculated as: f (Hz ) = 1.6e11 162k||RFSET ( Ω ) The operating frequency can also be decreased by adding a resistor between the FREQ pin and INTVCC, calculated as: f (Hz ) = 1MHz – 10 2.8e11 RFSET ( Ω ) The programmable operating frequency range is from 800kHz to 4MHz. Frequency Synchronization and Clock In The power module has a phase-locked loop comprised of an internal voltage controlled oscillator and a phase detector. This allows the internal top MOSFET turn-on to be locked to the rising edge of the external clock. The external clock frequency range must be within ±30% around the resistor set operating frequency. A pulse detection circuit is used to detect a clock on the CLKIN pin to turn on the phase-locked loop. The pulse width of the clock has to be at least 100ns. The clock high level must be above 2V and clock low level below 0.3V. During the start-up of the regulator, the phase-locked loop function is disabled. Multiphase Operation For output loads that demand more than 5A of current, multiple LTM4625s can be paralleled to run out of phase to provide more output current without increasing input and output voltage ripples. The CLKOUT signal can be connected to the CLKIN pin of the following LTM4625 stage to line up both the frequency and the phase of the entire system. Tying the PHMODE pin to INTVCC, SGND or FLOAT generates a phase difference (between CLKIN and CLKOUT) of 180°, 120°, or 90° respectively, which corresponds to 2-phase, 3-phase or 4-phase operation. A total of 12 phases can be cascaded to run simultaneously out of phase with respect to each other by programming the PHMODE pin of each LTM4625 to different levels. Figure 2 shows a 4-phase design and a 6-phase design example for clock phasing. Table 2. PHMODE Pin Status and Corresponding Phase Relationship (Relative to CLKIN) PHMODE INTVCC SGND FLOAT CLKOUT 180° 120° 90° A multiphase power supply significantly reduces the amount of ripple current in both the input and output capacitors. The RMS input ripple current is reduced by, and the effective ripple frequency is multiplied by, the number 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 0 CLKIN CLKOUT +90 PHMODE CLKIN CLKOUT PHMODE PHASE 1 +120 +90 PHMODE PHASE 1 0 90 CLKIN CLKOUT 120 CLKIN CLKOUT PHMODE +120 INTVCC PHASE 3 180 PHMODE PHASE 2 PHASE 3 240 (420) 60 CLKIN CLKOUT +90 CLKIN CLKOUT +180 PHMODE PHASE 5 CLKIN CLKOUT 270 CLKIN CLKOUT PHMODE PHASE 4 +120 PHMODE PHASE 2 180 CLKIN CLKOUT PHMODE +120 INTVCC 300 CLKIN CLKOUT PHMODE PHASE 4 PHASE 6 4625 F02 Figure 2. 4-Phase, 6-Phase Operation 0.60 0.55 0.50 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 6 PHASE RMS INPUT RIPPLE CURRENT DC LOAD CURRENT 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 DUTY CYCLE (VOUT/VIN) 4625 F03 Figure 3. RMS Input Ripple Current to DC Load Current Ratio as a Function of Duty Cycle of phases used (assuming that the input voltage is greater than the number of phases used times the output voltage). The output ripple amplitude is also reduced by the number of phases used when all of the outputs are tied together to achieve a single high output current design. The LTM4625 device is an inherently current mode controlled device, so parallel modules will have very good current sharing. This will balance the thermals on the design. Please tie the RUN, TRACK/SS, FB and COMP pins of each paralleling channel together. Figure 23 shows an example of parallel operation and pin connection. Input RMS Ripple Current Cancellation Application Note 77 provides a detailed explanation of multiphase operation. The input RMS ripple current cancellation mathematical derivations are presented, and a graph is displayed representing the RMS ripple current reduction as a function of the number of interleaved phases. Figure 3 shows this graph. 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 11 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Soft-Start And Output Voltage Tracking The TRACK/SS pin provides a means to either soft start the regulator or track it to a different power supply. A capacitor on the TRACK/SS pin will program the ramp rate of the output voltage. An internal 2µA current source will charge up the external soft-start capacitor towards INTVCC voltage. When the TRACK/SS voltage is below 0.6V, it will take over the internal 0.6V reference voltage to control the output voltage. The total soft-start time can be calculated as: tSS = 0.6 • CSS 2µA Output voltage tracking can also be programmed externally using the TRACK/SS pin. The output can be tracked up and down with another regulator. Figure 4 and Figure 5 show an example waveform and schematic of ratiometric tracking where the slave regulator’s output slew rate is proportional to the master’s. Since the slave regulator’s TRACK/SS is connected to the master’s output through a RTR(TOP)/RTR(BOT) resistor divider and its voltage used to regulate the slave output voltage when TRACK/SS voltage is below 0.6V, the slave output voltage and the master output voltage should satisfy the following equation during start-up: VOUT(SL) • where CSS is the capacitance on the TRACK/SS pin. Current foldback and forced continuous mode are disabled during the soft-start process. RFB(SL) RFB(SL) +60.4k VOUT(MA) • = R TR(BOT) R TR(TOP) +R TR(BOT) OUTPUT VOLTAGE MASTER OUTPUT SLAVE OUTPUT TIME 4625 F04 Figure 4. Output Ratiometric Tracking Waveform VIN 4V TO 20V 10µF 25V FREQ VIN VOUT SVIN RUN LTM4625 INTVCC MODE FB TRACK/SS COMP PGOOD GND SGND 47µF 6.3V VOUT(MA) 1.5V 5A 10µF 25V RTR(TOP) 60.4k RFB(MA) 40.2k RTR(BOT) 40.2k FREQ VIN VOUT SVIN RUN LTM4625 INTVCC MODE FB TRACK/SS COMP PGOOD GND VOUT(SL) 1.2V 47µF 5A 6.3V RFB(SL) 60.4k SGND 4625 F05 Figure 5. Example Schematic of Ratiometric Output Voltage Tracking 12 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The RFB(SL) is the feedback resistor and the RTR(TOP)/ RTR(BOT) is the resistor divider on the TRACK/SS pin of the slave regulator, as shown in Figure 5. OUTPUT VOLTAGE Following the previous equation, the ratio of the master’s output slew rate (MR) to the slave’s output slew rate (SR) is determined by: MASTER OUTPUT SLAVE OUTPUT RFB(SL) MR = SR RFB(SL) +60.4k R TR(BOT) TIME R TR(TOP) +R TR(BOT) Figure 6. Output Coincident Tracking Waveform For example, VOUT(MA)=1.5V, MR = 1.5V/1ms and VOUT(SL) = 1.2V, SR = 1.2V/1ms. From the equation, we could solve that RTR(TOP) = 60.4k and RTR(BOT) = 40.2k are a good combination for the ratiometric tracking. The TRACK/SS pin will have the 2µA current source on when a resistive divider is used to implement tracking on the slave regulator. This will impose an offset on the TRACK/SS pin input. Smaller value resistors with the same ratios as the resistor values calculated from the above equation can be used. For example, where the 60.4k is used then a 6.04k can be used to reduce the TRACK/SS pin offset to a negligible value. Coincident output tracking can be recognized as a special ratiometric output tracking in which the master’s output slew rate (MR) is the same as the slave’s output slew rate (SR), waveform as shown in Figure 6. From the equation, we could easily find that, in coincident tracking, the slave regulator’s TRACK/SS pin resistor divider is always the same as its feedback divider: RFB(SL) = 4625 F06 Power Good The PGOOD pin is an open-drain pin that can be used to monitor valid output voltage regulation. This pin is pulled low when the output voltage exceeds a ±10% window around the regulation point. To prevent unwanted PGOOD glitches during transients or dynamic VOUT changes, the LTM4625’s PGOOD falling edge includes a blanking delay of approximately 52 switching cycles. Stability Compensation The LTM4625’s internal compensation loop is designed and optimized for use with low ESR ceramic output capacitors. Table 7 is provided for most application requirements. In case a bulk output capacitor is required for output ripple or dynamic transient spike reduction, an additional 10pF to 15pF feedforward capacitor (CFF) is needed between the VOUT and FB pins. The LTpowerCAD design tool is available for control loop optimization. RUN Enable R TR(BOT) RFB(SL) +60.4k R TR(TOP) +R TR(BOT) For example, RTR(TOP) = 60.4k and RTR(BOT) = 60.4k is a good combination for coincident tracking for a VOUT(MA) = 1.5V and VOUT(SL) = 1.2V application. Pulling the RUN pin to ground forces the LTM4625 into its shutdown state, turning off both power MOSFETs and most of its internal control circuitry. Bringing the RUN pin above 0.7V turns on the internal reference only, while still keeping the power MOSFETs off. Increasing the RUN pin voltage above 1.2V will turn on the entire chip. 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 13 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Pre-Biased Output Start-Up Thermal Considerations and Output Current Derating There may be situations that require the power supply to start up with some charge on the output capacitors. The LTM4625 can safely power up into a pre-biased output without discharging it. The thermal resistances reported in the Pin Configuration section of the data sheet are consistent with those parameters defined by JESD 51-12 and are intended for use with finite element analysis (FEA) software modeling tools that leverage the outcome of thermal modeling, simulation, and correlation to hardware evaluation performed on a µModule package mounted to a hardware test board. The motivation for providing these thermal coefficients is found in JESD 51-12 (Guidelines for Reporting and Using Electronic Package Thermal Information). The LTM4625 accomplishes this by forcing discontinuous mode (DCM) operation until the TRACK/SS pin voltage reaches 0.6V reference voltage. This will prevent the BG from turning on during the pre-biased output start-up which would discharge the output. Do not pre-bias LTM4625 with an output voltage higher than INTVCC (3.3V) or a voltage higher than the output voltage set by feedback resistor (RFB). Overtemperature Protection The internal overtemperature protection monitors the junction temperature of the module. If the junction temperature reaches approximately 160°C, both power switches will be turned off until the temperature drops about 15°C cooler. Low Input Application The LTM4625 module has a separate SVIN pin which makes it suitable for low input voltage applications down to 2.375V. The SVIN pin is the single input of the whole control circuitry while the VIN pin is the power input which directly connects to the drain of the top MOSFET. In most applications where VIN is greater than 4V, connect SVIN directly to VIN with a short trace. An optional filter, consisting of a resistor (1Ω to 10Ω) between SVIN and VIN along with a 0.1µF bypass capacitor between SVIN and ground, can be placed for additional noise immunity. This filter is not necessary in most cases if good PCB layout practices are followed (see Figure 19). In a low input voltage (2.375V to 4V) application, or to reduce power dissipation by the internal bias LDO, connect SVIN to an external voltage higher than 4V with a 1µF local bypass capacitor. Figure 21 shows an example of a low input voltage application. Please note the SVIN voltage cannot go below the VOUT voltage. 14 Many designers may opt to use laboratory equipment and a test vehicle such as the demo board to anticipate the µModule regulator’s thermal performance in their application at various electrical and environmental operating conditions to compliment any FEA activities. Without FEA software, the thermal resistances reported in the Pin Configuration section are, in and of themselves, not relevant to providing guidance of thermal performance; instead, the derating curves provided in this data sheet can be used in a manner that yields insight and guidance pertaining to one’s application usage, and can be adapted to correlate thermal performance to one’s own application. The Pin Configuration section gives four thermal coefficients explicitly defined in JESD 51-12; these coefficients are quoted or paraphrased below: 1.θJA, the thermal resistance from junction to ambient, is the natural convection junction-to-ambient air thermal resistance measured in a one cubic foot sealed enclosure. This environment is sometimes referred to as “still air” although natural convection causes the air to move. This value is determined with the part mounted to a 95mm × 76mm PCB with four layers. 2.θJCbottom, the thermal resistance from junction to the bottom of the product case, is determined with all of the component power dissipation flowing through the bottom of the package. In the typical µModule regulator, the bulk of the heat flows out the bottom of the package, but there is always heat flow out into the ambient environment. As a result, this thermal resistance value 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION may be useful for comparing packages, but the test conditions don’t generally match the user’s application. 3.θJCtop, the thermal resistance from junction to top of the product case, is determined with nearly all of the component power dissipation flowing through the top of the package. As the electrical connections of the typical µModule regulator are on the bottom of the package, it is rare for an application to operate such that most of the heat flows from the junction to the top of the part. As in the case of θJCbottom, this value may be useful for comparing packages but the test conditions don’t generally match the user’s application. 4.θJB, the thermal resistance from junction to the printed circuit board, is the junction-to-board thermal resistance where almost all of the heat flows through the bottom of the µModule package and into the board, and is really the sum of the θJCbottom and the thermal resistance of the bottom of the part through the solder joints and through a portion of the board. The board temperature is measured a specified distance from the package. A graphical representation of the aforementioned thermal resistances is given in Figure 7; blue resistances are contained within the μModule regulator, whereas green resistances are external to the µModule package. As a practical matter, it should be clear to the reader that no individual or sub-group of the four thermal resistance parameters defined by JESD 51-12 or provided in the Pin Configuration section replicates or conveys normal operating conditions of a μModule regulator. For example, in normal board-mounted applications, never does 100% of the device’s total power loss (heat) thermally conduct exclusively through the top or exclusively through bottom of the µModule package—as the standard defines for θJCtop and θJCbottom, respectively. In practice, power loss is thermally dissipated in both directions away from the package—granted, in the absence of a heat sink and airflow, a majority of the heat flow is into the board. Within the LTM4625 be aware there are multiple power devices and components dissipating power, with a consequence that the thermal resistances relative to different junctions of components or die are not exactly linear with respect to total package power loss. To reconcile this complication without sacrificing modeling simplicity—but also, not ignoring practical realities—an approach has been taken using FEA software modeling along with laboratory testing in a controlled environment chamber to reasonably define and correlate the thermal resistance values supplied in this data sheet: (1) Initially, FEA software is used to accurately build the mechanical geometry of the JUNCTION-TO-AMBIENT THERMAL RESISTANCE COMPONENTS JUNCTION-TO-CASE (TOP) RESISTANCE CASE (TOP)-TO-AMBIENT RESISTANCE JUNCTION-TO-BOARD RESISTANCE JUNCTION JUNCTION-TO-CASE CASE (BOTTOM)-TO-BOARD (BOTTOM) RESISTANCE RESISTANCE AMBIENT BOARD-TO-AMBIENT RESISTANCE 4625 F07 µMODULE DEVICE Figure 7. Graphical Representation of JESD 51-12 Thermal Coefficients 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 15 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION LTM4625 and the specified PCB with all of the correct material coefficients along with accurate power loss source definitions; (2) this model simulates a software-defined JEDEC environment consistent with JSED 51-12 to predict power loss heat flow and temperature readings at different interfaces that enable the calculation of the JEDEC-defined thermal resistance values; (3) the model and FEA software is used to evaluate the LTM4625 with heat sink and airflow; (4) having solved for and analyzed these thermal resistance values and simulated various operating conditions in the software model, a thorough laboratory evaluation replicates the simulated conditions with thermocouples within a controlled environment chamber while operating the device at the same power loss as that which was simulated. An outcome of this process and due diligence yields the set of derating curves shown in this data sheet. After these laboratory tests have been performed and correlated to the LTM4625 model, then the θJB and θBA are summed together to provide a value that should closely equal the θJA value because approximately 100% of power loss flows from the junction through the board into ambient with no airflow or top mounted heat sink. The 1.0V, 1.5V, 3.3V and 5V power loss curves in Figures 8 to 11 can be used in coordination with the load current derating curves in Figures 12 to 18 for calculating an approximate θJA thermal resistance for the LTM4625 with various airflow conditions. The power loss curves are taken at room temperature, and are increased with a multiplicative factor according to the ambient temperature. This approximate factor is: 1.4 for 120°C at junction temperature. Maximum load current is achievable while increasing ambient temperature as long as the junction temperature is less than 120°C, which is a 5°C guard band from maximum junction temperature of 125°C. When the ambient temperature reaches a point where the junction temperature is 120°C, then the load current is lowered to maintain the junction at 120°C while increasing ambient temperature up to 120°C. The derating curves are plotted with the output current starting at 5A and the ambient temperature at 30°C. The output voltages are 1.0V, 1.5V, 3.3V 16 and 5V. These are chosen to include the lower and higher output voltage ranges for correlating the thermal resistance. Thermal models are derived from several temperature measurements in a controlled temperature chamber along with thermal modeling analysis. The junction temperatures are monitored while ambient temperature is increased with and without airflow. The power loss increase with ambient temperature change is factored into the derating curves. The junctions are maintained at 120°C maximum while lowering output current or power with increasing ambient temperature. The decreased output current will decrease the internal module loss as ambient temperature is increased. The monitored junction temperature of 120°C minus the ambient operating temperature specifies how much module temperature rise can be allowed. As an example, in Figure 13 the load current is derated to ~3A at ~95°C with no air flow or heat sink and the power loss for the 12V to 1.0V at 3A output is about 1.15W. The 1.15W loss is calculated with the ~0.82W room temperature loss from the 12V to 1.0V power loss curve at 3A, and the 1.4 multiplying factor at 120°C junction temperature. If the 95°C ambient temperature is subtracted from the 120°C junction temperature, then the difference of 25°C divided by 1.15W equals a 22°C/W θJA thermal resistance. Table 3 specifies a 22°C/W value which is very close. Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6 provide equivalent thermal resistances for 1.5V 3.3V and 5V outputs with and without airflow and heat sinking. The derived thermal resistances in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6 for the various conditions can be multiplied by the calculated power loss as a function of ambient temperature to derive temperature rise above ambient, thus maximum junction temperature. Room temperature power loss can be derived from the efficiency curves in the Typical Performance Characteristics section and adjusted with the above ambient temperature multiplicative factors. The printed circuit board is a 1.6mm thick 4-layer board with two ounce copper for the two outer layers and one ounce copper for the two inner layers. The PCB dimensions are 95mm × 76mm. 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 3.0 VIN = 5V VIN = 12V 2.5 POWER LOSS (W) POWER LOSS (W) 3.0 VIN = 5V VIN = 12V 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1 2 3 0 5 4 1 0 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 5 5 LOAD CURRENT (A) LOAD CURRENT (A) 0 1 3 2 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 5 4 3 2 400LFM 200LFM 0LFM 0 30 40 5 5 4 3 2 0 400LFM 200LFM 0LFM 30 40 2 400LFM 200LFM 0LFM 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 4645 F12 4645 F13 Figure 13. 12V to 1V Derating Curve, No Heat Sink Figure 12. 5V to 1V Derating Curve, No Heat Sink 6 4 3 2 400LFM 200LFM 0LFM 1 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 30 4645 F14 Figure 14. 5V to 1.5V Derating Curve, No Heat Sink 5 4 3 0 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 6 1 3 2 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 1 4645 F11 Figure 11. Power Loss at 5V Output 1 Figure 10. Power Loss at 3.3V Output 6 LOAD CURRENT (A) 0 0 4645 F10 6 1 LOAD CURRENT (A) POWER LOSS (W) 2.5 0.5 0 Figure 9. Power Loss at 1.5V Output VIN = 12V 1.0 1.0 4645 F09 Figure 8. Power Loss at 1V Output 1.5 1.5 5 4625 F08 2.0 2.0 0.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) 3.0 VIN = 5V VIN = 12V 2.5 POWER LOSS (W) 3.0 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 4645 F15 Figure 15. 12V to 1.5V Derating Curve, No Heat Sink 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 17 LTM4625 6 6 5 5 5 4 3 2 400LFM 200LFM 0LFM 1 0 30 40 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 LOAD CURRENT (A) LOAD CURRENT (A) APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 4 3 2 400LFM 200LFM 0LFM 1 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 30 40 3 2 400LFM 200LFM 0LFM 1 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 4645 F18 4645 F17 4645 F16 Figure 16. 5V to 3.3V Derating Curve, No Heat Sink 4 Figure 17. 12V to 3.3V Derating Curve, No Heat Sink Figure 18. 12V to 5V Derating Curve, No Heat Sink Table 3. 1.0V Output DERATING CURVE VIN (V) POWER LOSS CURVE AIR FLOW (LFM) HEAT SINK θJA(°C/W) Figures 12, 13 5, 12 Figure 8 0 None 22 Figures 12, 13 5, 12 Figure 8 200 None 19 Figures 12, 13 5, 12 Figure 8 400 None 18 DERATING CURVE VIN (V) POWER LOSS CURVE AIR FLOW (LFM) HEAT SINK θJA(°C/W) Figures 14, 15 5, 12 Figure 9 0 None 22 Table 4. 1.5V Output Figures 14, 15 5, 12 Figure 9 200 None 19 Figures 14, 15 5, 12 Figure 9 400 None 18 DERATING CURVE VIN (V) POWER LOSS CURVE AIR FLOW (LFM) HEAT SINK θJA(°C/W) Figures 16, 17 5, 12 Figure 10 0 None 22 Table 5. 3.3V Output Figures 16, 17 5, 12 Figure 10 200 None 19 Figures 16, 17 5, 12 Figure 10 400 None 18 VIN (V) POWER LOSS CURVE AIR FLOW (LFM) HEAT SINK θJA(°C/W) Table 6. 5V Output DERATING CURVE Figure 18 12 Figure 11 0 None 22 Figure 18 12 Figure 11 200 None 19 Figure 18 12 Figure 11 400 None 18 18 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Table 7. Output Voltage Response vs Component Matrix (Refer to Figure 20) CIN Murata PART NUMBER GRM21BR61E106KA73L Taiyo Yuden TMK212BBJ106KG-T Murata GRM31CR61E226ME15L Taiyo Yuden TMK316BBJ226ML-T VOUT (V) 1 1 1 1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 5 5 CIN (CERAMIC) (µF) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 CIN (BULK) VALUE 10µF, 25V, 0805, X5R 10µF, 25V, 0805, X5R 22µF, 25V, 1206, X5R 22µF, 25V, 1206, X5R COUT1 (CERAMIC) (µF) 47 COUT1 Murata Taiyo Yuden JMK212BJ476MG-T COUT2 (BULK) (µF) CFF (pF) 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 PART NUMBER GRM21BR60J476ME15 VIN (V) 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 5, 12 DROOP (mV) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 VALUE 47µF, 6.3V, 0805, X5R 47µF, 6.3V, 0805, X5R COUT2 Sanyo PART NUMBER 4TPE100MZB P-P DERIVATION RECOVERY LOAD (mV) TIME (µs) STEP (A) 72 40 1 60 40 1 127 40 2 40 2 90 76 40 1 65 40 1 145 40 2 103 40 2 80 40 1 70 40 1 161 40 2 115 40 2 95 40 1 80 40 1 177 40 2 128 40 2 125 40 1 100 50 1 225 40 2 161 50 2 155 40 1 122 60 1 285 40 2 198 60 2 220 40 1 420 40 2 VALUE 4V 100µF LOAD STEP SLEW RATE (A/µs) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 RFB (kΩ) 90.9 90.9 90.9 90.9 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.4 40.2 40.2 40.2 40.2 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 8.25 8.25 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 19 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Safety Considerations • Place a dedicated power ground layer underneath the unit. The LTM4625 modules do not provide galvanic isolation from VIN to VOUT. There is no internal fuse. If required, a slow blow fuse with a rating twice the maximum input current needs to be provided to protect each unit from catastrophic failure. The device does support thermal shutdown and over current protection. • To minimize the via conduction loss and reduce module thermal stress, use multiple vias for interconnection between top layer and other power layers. • Do not put via directly on the pad, unless they are capped or plated over. Layout Checklist/Example • Use a separated SGND ground copper area for components connected to signal pins. Connect the SGND to GND underneath the unit. The high integration of LTM4625 makes the PCB board layout very simple and easy. However, to optimize its electrical and thermal performance, some layout considerations are still necessary. • Bring out test points on the signal pins for monitoring. • Keep separation between CLKIN, CLKOUT and FREQ pin traces to minimize possibility of noise due to crosstalk between these signals. • Use large PCB copper areas for high current paths, including VIN, GND and VOUT. It helps to minimize the PCB conduction loss and thermal stress. Figure 19 gives a good example of the recommended layout. • Place high frequency ceramic input and output capacitors next to the VIN, PGND and VOUT pins to minimize high frequency noise. GND RFB VIN VOUT COUT GND CIN 4625 F19 Figure 19. Recommended PCB Layout 20 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION FREQ VIN 4V TO 20V CLKIN CLKOUT 10µF 25V VOUT 1.5V 47µF 5A 6.3V VOUT VIN SVIN RUN INTVCC VIN 2.375V TO 5V 10µF 25V 5V LTM4625 RUN INTVCC LTM4625 MODE PHMODE PHMODE TRACK/SS PGOOD FB TRACK/SS FB 0.1µF COMP GND GND SGND 4624 F21 Figure 20. 4VIN to 20VIN, 1.5V Output at 5A Design Figure 21. 2.375VIN to 5VIN, 1V at 5A Output Design 2MHz CLOCK 162k CLKIN CLKOUT FREQ VOUT 3.3V 47µF 5A 6.3V VOUT VIN 10µF 25V SVIN RUN INTVCC FREQ CLKIN CLKOUT VIN 4V TO 20V 10µF 25V ×2 LTM4625 RUN LTM4625 47µF 6.3V ×2 PHMODE FB COMP 13.3k PGOOD GND SVIN MODE PHMODE TRACK/SS VOUT 1.5V 10A VOUT VIN INTVCC MODE 0.1µF 90.9k PGOOD 40.2k SGND COMP 4625 F20 VIN 4V TO 20V VOUT 1V 47µF 5A 6.3V VOUT SVIN 1µF 6.3V MODE 0.1µF CLKIN CLKOUT FREQ VIN FB TRACK/SS 0.1µF SGND PGOOD GND COMP SGND 4624 F22 FREQ Figure 22. 4VIN to 20VIN, 3.3V Output with 2MHz External Clock CLKIN CLKOUT VOUT VIN SVIN RUN INTVCC LTM4625 MODE PHMODE TRACK/SS PGOOD GND FB COMP SGND 20.1k 4625 F23 Figure 23. 4VIN to 20VIN, Two Phases, 1.5V at 10A Design 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 21 LTM4625 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION VIN 4V TO 20V FREQ CLKIN CLKOUT 10µF 25V ×2 VOUT VIN SVIN RUN INTVCC 47µF 6.3V VOUT 1.5V 5A LTM4625 MODE PHMODE FB TRACK/SS 0.1µF COMP 40.2k PGOOD GND SGND FREQ CLKIN CLKOUT VOUT VIN SVIN RUN INTVCC 47µF 6.3V VOUT2 1.2V 5A LTM4625 MODE 60.4k PHMODE TRACK/SS 60.4k FB COMP 60.4k PGOOD GND SGND 4625 F24 Figure 24. 4VIN to 20VIN, 1.2V and 1.5V with Coincident Tracking 22 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 LTM4625 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION PACKAGE ROW AND COLUMN LABELING MAY VARY AMONG µModule PRODUCTS. REVIEW EACH PACKAGE LAYOUT CAREFULLY. LTM4625 Component BGA Pinout PIN ID FUNCTION PIN ID FUNCTION PIN ID FUNCTION PIN ID FUNCTION PIN ID FUNCTION A1 COMP A2 TRACK/SS A3 RUN A4 FREQ A5 CLKIN B1 FB B2 PHMODE B3 GND B4 SGND B5 CLKOUT C1 VOUT C2 PGOOD C3 GND C4 MODE C5 SVIN D1 VOUT D2 VOUT D3 GND D4 GND D5 VIN E1 VOUT E2 VOUT E3 GND E4 INTVCC E5 VIN 4625fa For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 23 0.000 For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 2.540 1.270 0.3175 0.3175 1.270 2.540 SUGGESTED PCB LAYOUT TOP VIEW 2.540 PACKAGE TOP VIEW 1.270 4 0.3175 0.000 0.3175 PIN “A1” CORNER E 1.270 aaa Z 2.540 24 D X 0.630 ±0.025 Y aaa Z // bbb Z SYMBOL A A1 A2 b b1 D E e F G H1 H2 aaa bbb ccc ddd eee 0.36 3.95 MIN 4.81 0.50 4.31 0.60 0.60 NOM 5.01 0.60 4.41 0.75 0.63 6.25 6.25 1.27 5.08 5.08 0.41 4.00 DIMENSIONS ddd M Z X Y eee M Z H1 SUBSTRATE b1 A2 A MAX 5.21 0.70 4.51 0.90 0.66 NOTES DETAIL B PACKAGE SIDE VIEW 0.46 4.05 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.15 TOTAL NUMBER OF BALLS: 25 DETAIL A Øb (25 PLACES) DETAIL B H2 MOLD CAP ccc Z A1 Z (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1905 Rev B) Z b F 3 e SEE NOTES 5 4 3 2 1 PACKAGE BOTTOM VIEW G DETAIL A E D C B A PIN 1 7 SEE NOTES DETAILS OF PIN #1 IDENTIFIER ARE OPTIONAL, BUT MUST BE LOCATED WITHIN THE ZONE INDICATED. THE PIN #1 IDENTIFIER MAY BE EITHER A MOLD OR MARKED FEATURE BALL DESIGNATION PER JESD MS-028 AND JEP95 7 TRAY PIN 1 BEVEL ! PACKAGE IN TRAY LOADING ORIENTATION LTMXXXXXX µModule BGA 25 0913 REV B PACKAGE ROW AND COLUMN LABELING MAY VARY AMONG µModule PRODUCTS. REVIEW EACH PACKAGE LAYOUT CAREFULLY 6. SOLDER BALL COMPOSITION IS 96.5% Sn/3.0% Ag/0.5% Cu 5. PRIMARY DATUM -Z- IS SEATING PLANE 4 3 2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 COMPONENT PIN “A1” BGA Package 25-Lead (6.25mm × 6.25mm × 5.01mm) LTM4625 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings. 4625fa LTM4625 REVISION HISTORY REV DATE DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER A 08/15 Added Footnote 7 4625fa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representaFor more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 tion that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 25 LTM4625 PACKAGE PHOTO DESIGN RESOURCES SUBJECT DESCRIPTION µModule Design and Manufacturing Resources Design: • Selector Guides • Demo Boards and Gerber Files • Free Simulation Tools µModule Regulator Products Search 1. Sort table of products by parameters and download the result as a spread sheet. 2. Search using the Quick Power Search parametric table. Manufacturing: • Quick Start Guide • PCB Design, Assembly and Manufacturing Guidelines • Package and Board Level Reliability TechClip Videos Quick videos detailing how to bench test electrical and thermal performance of µModule products. Digital Power System Management Linear Technology’s family of digital power supply management ICs are highly integrated solutions that offer essential functions, including power supply monitoring, supervision, margining and sequencing, and feature EEPROM for storing user configurations and fault logging. RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTM4624 Lower Current Than LTM4625, Lower VIN, Lower VOUT Accuracy, Same Package BGA Footprint and Height 4A, 4V < VIN < 16V Maximum, ±2% VOUT Accuracy, Does Not Have Clock Synchronization LTM4623 Ultrathin LGA, Lower Current Than LTM4625, Same 1.82mm Height, 6.25mm × 6.25mm LGA, 3A Package Footprint LTM4619 Dual 4A 4.5V < VIN < 28V Maximum, 15mm × 15mm × 2.82mm LGA LTM4644 Quad 4A Configurable Up to 16A, 4V < VIN < 16V Maximum, 9mm × 15mm × 5.01mm BGA LTM4649 10A 4.5V < VIN < 18V Maximum, 9mm × 15mm × 4.92mm BGA LTM8020 200mA, Higher VIN Than LTM4625, Same Package Footprint 4V < VIN < 40V Maximum, 6.25mm × 6.25mm × 2.32mm LGA 26 4625fa Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LTM4625 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LTM4625 LT 0815 REV A • PRINTED IN USA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2014