AT42QT1040 - Complete

Atmel AT42QT1040
Four-key QTouch® Touch Sensor IC
DATASHEET
Features
 Number of QTouch® Keys:

Up to four
 Discrete Outputs:

Four discrete outputs indicating individual key touch
 Technology:

Patented spread-spectrum charge-transfer (direct mode)
 Electrode Design:

Simple self-capacitance style (refer to the Touch Sensors Design Guide)
 Electrode Materials:

Etched copper, silver, carbon, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)
 Electrode Substrates:

PCB, FPCB, plastic films, glass
 Panel Materials:

Plastic, glass, composites, painted surfaces (low particle density metallic
paints possible)
 Panel Thickness:

Up to 10 mm glass, 5 mm plastic (electrode size dependent)
 Key Sensitivity:

Fixed key threshold, sensitivity adjusted via sample capacitor value
 Adjacent Key Suppression

Patented Adjacent Key Suppression® (AKS®) technology to enable accurate
key detection
 Interface:

Pin-per-key outputs, plus debug mode to observe sensor signals
 Moisture Tolerance:

Increased moisture tolerance based on hardware design and firmware tuning
 Signal Processing:

Self-calibration, auto drift compensation, noise filtering
 Applications:

Mobile, consumer, white goods, toys, kiosks, POS, and so on
 Power:

1.8 V – 5.5 V
 Package:

20-pin 3 x 3 mm VQFN RoHS compliant
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NC
SNS3
Pinout Configuration
NC
1.1
NC
Pinout and Schematic
SNSK2
1.
20
19
18
17
16
1
15
SNSK3
SNSK1
2
14
OUT2
SNS1
3
13
OUT3
SNSK0
4
12
OUT1
SNS0
5
11
10
OUT0
6
7
8
9
NC
NC
VSS
VDD
QT1040
NC
SNS2
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1.2
Pin Descriptions
Table 1-1.
Pin Listing
Pin
Name
Type
Function
Notes
If Unused...
1
SNS2
I/O
Sense pin
To Cs2
Leave open
2
SNSK1
I/O
Sense pin and option detect
To Cs1 and option resistor +
key
Connect to option
resistor*
3
SNS1
I/O
Sense pin
To Cs1
Leave open
4
SNSK0
I/O
Sense pin and option detect
To Cs0 and option resistor +
key
Connect to option
resistor*
5
SNS0
I/O
Sense pin
To Cs0
Leave open
6
N/C
–
–
–
7
N/C
–
–
–
8
Vss
P
Supply ground
–
9
Vdd
P
Power
–
10
N/C
–
–
–
11
OUT0
OD
Out 0
Alternative function: Debug
CLK
Leave open
12
OUT1
OD
Out 1
Alternative function: Debug
DATA
Leave open
13
OUT3
OD
Out 3
Leave open
14
OUT2
OD
Out 2
Leave open
15
SNSK3
I/O
Sense pin
To Cs3 + key
Leave open
16
SNS3
I/O
Sense pin
To Cs3
Leave open
17
N/C
–
–
–
18
N/C
–
–
–
19
N/C
–
–
–
20
SNSK2
I/O
Sense pin
To Cs2 + key
Leave open
* Option resistor should always be fitted even if channel is unused and Cs capacitor is not fixed.
I/O
CMOS input and output OD
CMOS open drain output
P
Ground or power
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1.3
Schematic
Figure 1-1. Typical Circuit
NOTES:
VUNREG
1) The central pad on the underside of the VQFN chip is a Vss pin and should be connected
to ground. Do not put any other tracks underneath the body of the chip.
VREG
2) It is important to place all Cs and Rs components physically near to the chip.
Creg
Creg
J1
VDD
1
Follow regulator manufacturer's
recommended values for input
and output bypass capacitors (Creg).
GND
Add a 100 nF capacitor close to pin 9.
RAKS
ON
2
VDD
OFF
3
LED0
LED1
LED2
LED3
AKS SELECT
J2
VDD
1
RFS
FAST
2
9
SLOW
RL0
11
RL1
12
RL2
14
RL3
13
Example use of output pins
OUT0
VDD
3
SPEED SELECT
OUT1
OUT2
SNSK0
OUT3
SNS0
SNSK1
J3
4
3
2
1
SNS1
4
QT1040
3
2
1
SNSK2
6
7
10
17
18
SNS2
Rs1
2
3
Key1
Cs1
Rs2
20
1
Key0
Cs0
Key2
Cs2
N/C
N/C
SNSK3
N/C
SNS3
Rs3
15
16
Key3
Cs3
N/C
N/C
8
19
N/C
5
VSS
5
5
Rs0
4
Suggested regulator manufacturers:

Torex (XC6215 series)

Seiko (S817 series)

BCDSemi (AP2121 series)
For component values in Figure 1-1 check the following sections:

Section 3.1 on page 7: Cs capacitors (Cs0 – Cs3)

Section 3.5 on page 7: Voltage levels

Section 3.3 on page 7: LED traces
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2.
Overview of the AT42QT1040
2.1
Introduction
The AT42QT1040 (QT1040) is a digital burst mode charge-transfer (QT™) capacitive sensor driver designed for
touch-key applications. The device can sense from one to four keys; one to three keys can be disabled by not
installing their respective sense capacitors. Any of the four channels can be disabled in this way.
The device includes all signal processing functions necessary to provide stable sensing under a wide variety of
changing conditions, and the outputs are fully de-bounced. Only a few external parts are required for operation.
The QT1040 modulates its bursts in a spread-spectrum fashion in order to heavily suppress the effects of external
noise, and to suppress RF emissions.
2.2
Signal Processing
2.2.1
Detect Threshold
The internal signal threshold level is fixed at 10 counts of change with respect to the internal reference level. This in
turn adjusts itself slowly in accordance with the drift compensation mechanism. See Section 3.1 on page 7 for details
on how to adjust the sensitivity of each key.
When going out of detect there is a hysteresis element to the detection. The signal threshold must drop below 8
counts of change with respect to the internal reference level to register as un-touched.
2.2.2
Detection Integrator
The device features a detection integration mechanism, which acts to confirm a detection in a robust fashion. A perkey counter is incremented each time the key has exceeded its threshold, and a key is only finally declared to be
touched when this counter reaches a fixed limit of 5. In other words, the device has to exceed its threshold, and stay
there for 5 acquisitions in succession without going below the threshold level, before the key is declared to be
touched.
2.2.3
Burst Length Limitations
Burst length is the number of times the charge transfer process is performed on a given channel; that is, the number
of pulses it takes to measure the key capacitance.
The maximum burst length is 2048 pulses. The recommended design is to use a capacitor that gives a signal of
<1000 pulses. Longer bursts take more time and use more power.
Note that the keys are independent of each other. It is therefore possible, for example, to have a signal of 100 on one
key and a signal of 1000 on another.
Refer to Application Note QTAN0002, Secrets of a Successful QTouch Design (downloadable from the Atmel
website), for more information on using a scope to measure the pulses and hence determine the burst length. Refer
also to the Touch Sensors Design Guide.
2.2.4
Adjacent Key Suppression Technology
The device includes the Atmel-patented Adjacent Key Suppression (AKS) technology, to allow the use of tightly
spaced keys on a keypad with no loss of selectability by the user.
There is one global AKS group, implemented so that only one key in the group may be reported as being touched at
any one time.
The use of AKS is selected by connecting a 1 M resistor between Vdd and the SNSK0 pin (see Section 4.1 on
page 9 for more information). When AKS is disabled, any combinations of keys can enter detect.
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2.2.5
Auto Drift Compensation
Signal drift can occur because of changes in Cx and Cs over time. It is crucial that drift be compensated for,
otherwise false detections, non-detections, and sensitivity shifts will follow.
Drift compensation is performed by making the reference level track the raw signal at a slow rate, but only while
there is no detection in effect. The rate of adjustment must be performed slowly otherwise legitimate detections could
be ignored.
Once an object is sensed and a key is in detect, the drift compensation mechanism ceases, since the signal is
legitimately high and should not therefore cause the reference level to change.
The QT1040 drift compensation is asymmetric, that is, the reference level drift-compensates in one direction faster
than it does in the other. Specifically, it compensates faster for decreasing (towards touch) signals than for
increasing (away from touch) signals. The reason for this difference in compensation rates is that increasing signals
should not be compensated for quickly, since a nearby finger could be compensated for partially or entirely before
even approaching the sense electrode. However, decreasing signals need to be compensated for more quickly. For
example, an obstruction over the sense pad (for which the sensor has already made full allowance) could suddenly
be removed, leaving the sensor with an artificially elevated reference level and thus become insensitive to touch. In
this latter case, the sensor will compensate for the object's removal very quickly, usually in only a few seconds.
Negative drift (that is, towards touch) occurs at a rate of ~3 seconds, while positive drift occurs at a rate of
~1 second.
Drifting only occurs when no keys are in detect state.
2.2.6
Response Time
The QT1040 response time is highly dependent on run mode and burst length, which in turn is dependent on Cs and
Cx. With increasing Cs, response time slows, while increasing levels of Cx reduce response time. The response time
will also be slower in slow mode due to a longer time between burst measurements. This mode offers an increased
detection latency in favor of reduced average current consumption.
2.2.7
Spread Spectrum
The QT1040 modulates its internal oscillator by ±7.5% during the measurement burst. This spreads the generated
noise over a wider band reducing emission levels. This also reduces susceptibility since there is no longer a single
fundamental burst frequency.
2.2.8
Max On-duration
If an object or material obstructs the sense pad, the signal may rise enough to create a detection, preventing further
operation. To prevent this, the sensor includes a timer known as the Max On-duration feature which monitors
detections. If a detection exceeds the timer setting, the sensor performs an automatic recalibration. Max On-duration
is set to ~30s.
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3.
Wiring and Parts
3.1
Cs Sample Capacitors
Cs0 – Cs3 are the charge sensing sample capacitors; normally they are identical in nominal value. The optimal Cs
values depend on the corresponding keys electrode design, the thickness of the panel and its dielectric constant.
Thicker panels require larger values of Cs. Values can be in the range 2.2 nF (for faster operation) to 22 nF (for best
sensitivity); typical values are 4.7 nF to 10 nF.
The value of Cs should be chosen such that a light touch on a key mounted in a production unit or a prototype panel
causes a reliable detection. The chosen Cs value should never be so large that the key signals exceed ~1000, as
reported by the chip in the debug data.
The Cs capacitors must be X7R or PPS film type, for stability. For consistent sensitivity, they should have a 10%
tolerance. Twenty percent tolerance may cause small differences in sensitivity from key to key and unit to unit. If a
key is not used, the Cs capacitor may be omitted.
3.2
Rs Resistors
The series resistors Rs0 – Rs3 are in line with the electrode connections (close to the QT1040 chip) and are used to
limit electrostatic discharge (ESD) currents and to suppress radio frequency (RF) interference. A typical value is
4.7 k, but up to 20 k can be used if it is found to be of benefit.
Although these resistors may be omitted, the device may become susceptible to external noise or radio frequency
interference (RFI). For details on how to select these resistors refer to Application Note QTAN0002, Secrets of a
Successful QTouch Design, and the Touch Sensors Design Guide, both downloadable from the Touch Technology
area of the Atmel website, www.atmel.com.
3.3
LED Traces and Other Switching Signals
For advice on LEDs and nearby traces, refer to Application Note QTAN0002, Secrets of a Successful QTouch
Design, and the Touch Sensors Design Guide, both downloadable from the Touch Technology area of Atmel’s
website, www.atmel.com.
3.4
PCB Cleanliness
Modern no-clean flux is generally compatible with capacitive sensing circuits.
CAUTION: If a PCB is reworked to correct soldering faults relating to the device, or
to any associated traces or components, be sure that you fully understand the
nature of the flux used during the rework process. Leakage currents from
hygroscopic ionic residues can stop capacitive sensors from functioning. If you
have any doubts, a thorough cleaning after rework may be the only safe option.
3.5
Power Supply
See Section 5.2 on page 15 for the power supply range. If the power supply fluctuates slowly with temperature, the
device tracks and compensates for these changes automatically with only minor changes in sensitivity. If the supply
voltage drifts or shifts quickly, the drift compensation mechanism is not able to keep up, causing sensitivity
anomalies or false detections.
The usual power supply considerations with QT parts apply to the device. The power should be clean and come from
a separate regulator if possible. However, this device is designed to minimize the effects of unstable power, and
except in extreme conditions should not require a separate Low Dropout (LDO) regulator.
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See under Figure 1.3 on page 4 for suggested regulator manufacturers.
Caution: A regulator IC shared with other logic can result in erratic operation and is
not advised.
A single ceramic 0.1 µF bypass capacitor, with short traces, should be placed very
close to the power pins of the IC. Failure to do so can result in device oscillation, high
current consumption, erratic operation, and so on.
It is assumed that a larger bypass capacitor (for example, 1 µF) is somewhere else in the power circuit; for example,
near the regulator.
To assist with transient regulator stability problems, the QT1040 waits 500 µs any time it wakes up from a sleep state
(that is, in Sleep mode) before acquiring, to allow Vdd to fully stabilize.
3.6
VQFN Package Restrictions
The central pad on the underside of the VQFN chip should be connected to ground. Do not run any tracks
underneath the body of the chip, only ground. Figure 3-1 shows an example of good/bad tracking.
Figure 3-1. Examples of Good and Bad Tracking
Example of GOOD tracking
Example of BAD tracking
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4.
Detailed Operations
4.1
Adjacent Key Suppression
The use of AKS is selected by the connection of a 1 M resistor (RAKS resistor) between the SNSK0 pin and either
Vdd (AKS mode on) or Vss (AKS mode off).
Table 4-1.
RAKS Resistor
RAKS Connected To...
Mode
Vdd
AKS on
Vss
AKS off
The RAKS resistor should always be connected to either Vdd or Vss and should not be
changed during operation of the device.
Note:
4.2
Changing the RAKS option will affect the sensitivity of the particular key. Always check that the sensitivity is
suitable after a change. Retune Cs0 if necessary.
Discrete Outputs
There are four discrete outputs (channels 0 to 3), located on pins OUT0 to OUT3. An output pin goes active when
the corresponding key is touched. The outputs are open-drain type and are active-low.
On the OUT2 pin there is a ~500 ns low pulse occurring approximately 20 ms after a power-up/reset (see Figure 4-1
for an example oscilloscope trace of this pulse at two zoom levels). This pulse may need to be considered from the
system design perspective.
The discrete outputs have sufficient current sinking capability to directly drive LEDs. Try to limit the sink current to
less than 5 mA per output and be cautious if connecting LEDs to a power supply other than Vdd; if the LED supply is
higher than Vdd it may cause erratic behavior of the QT1040 and back-power the QT1040 through its I/O pins.
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Figure 4-1. ~500 ns Pulse On OUT2 Pin
SNS0K
OUT2
Power-on/
Reset
~20 ms
Pulse on OUT2
SNS0K
OUT2
4.3
Speed Selection
Speed selection is determined by a 1 M resistor (RFS resistor) connected between SNSK1 and either Vdd (Fast
Mode) or Vss (Slow Mode).
Table 4-2.
RFS Resistor
RFS Connected To
Mode
Vdd
Fast mode
Vss
Slow mode
In Fast Mode, the device sleeps for 16 ms between burst acquisitions. In Slow Mode, the device sleeps for 64 ms
between acquisitions. Hence, Slow Mode conserves more power but results in slightly less responsiveness.
Note:
4.4
The RFS resistor should always be connected to either Vdd or Vss and not changed during operation of the
device. Changing the RFS option will affect the sensitivity of the particular key. Always check that the
sensitivity is suitable after a change. Retune Cs1 if necessary.
Moisture Tolerance
The presence of water (condensation, sweat, spilt water, and so on) on a sensor can alter the signal values
measured and thereby affect the performance of any capacitive device. The moisture tolerance of QTouch devices
can be improved by designing the hardware and fine-tuning the firmware following the recommendations in the
application note Atmel AVR3002: Moisture Tolerant QTouch Design (www.atmel.com/Images/doc42017.pdf).
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4.5
Calibration
Calibration is the process by which the sensor chip assesses the background capacitance on each channel. During
calibration, a number of samples are taken in quick succession to get a baseline for the channel reference value.
Calibration takes place ~50 ms after power is applied to the device. Calibration also occurs if the Max On-duration is
exceeded or a positive re-calibration occurs.
4.6
Debug Mode
An added feature to this device is a debug option whereby internal parameters from the IC can be clocked out and
monitored externally.
Debug mode is entered by shorting the CS3 capacitor (SNSK3 and SNS3 pins) on power-up and removing the short
within 5 seconds.
Note:
If the short is not removed within 5 seconds, debug mode is still entered, but with Channel 3 unusable until
a re-calibration occurs. Note that as Channel 3 will show as being in detect, a recalibration will occur after
Max On-duration (~30 seconds).
Debug CLK pin (OUT0) and Debug Data pin (OUT1) float while debug data is not being output and are driven
outputs once debug output starts (that is, not open drain).
The serial data is clocked out at a rate of ~200 kHz, MSB first, as in Table 4-3.
Table 4-3.
Serial Data Output
Byte
Purpose
Notes
0
Frame Number
Framing index number 0-255
1
Chip Version
Upper nibble: major revision
Lower nibble: minor revision
2
Reference 0 Low Byte
3
Reference 0 High Byte
4
Reference 1 Low Byte
5
Reference 1 High Byte
6
Reference 2 Low Byte
7
Reference 2 High Byte
8
Reference 3 Low Byte
9
Reference 3 High Byte
10
Signal 0 Low Byte
11
Signal 0 High Byte
12
Signal 1 Low Byte
13
Signal 1 High Byte
14
Signal 2 Low Byte
15
Signal 2 High Byte
16
Signal 3 Low Byte
17
Signal 3 High Byte
Unsigned 16-bit integer
Unsigned 16-bit integer
Unsigned 16-bit integer
Unsigned 16-bit integer
Unsigned 16-bit integer
Unsigned 16-bit integer
Unsigned 16-bit integer
Unsigned 16-bit integer
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Table 4-3.
Serial Data Output (Continued)
Byte
Purpose
Notes
18
Delta 0 Low Byte
19
Delta 0 High Byte
20
Delta 1 Low Byte
21
Delta 1 High Byte
22
Delta 2 Low Byte
23
Delta 2 High Byte
24
Delta 3 Low Byte
25
Delta 3 High Byte
26
Flags
Various operational flags
27
Flags2
Unsigned bytes
28
Status Byte
Unsigned byte. See Table 4-4
29
Frame Number
Repeat of framing index number in
byte 0
Signed 16-bit integer
Signed 16-bit integer
Signed 16-bit integer
Signed 16-bit integer
Table 4-4.
Bit 7
CAL
Status Byte (Byte 28)
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Number of Keys (2 – 4)
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Key 3
Key 2
Key 1
Key 0
Bit 7:
This bit is set during calibration
Bits 4 – 6:
Contains the number of keys active
Bits 0 – 3:
Show the touch status of the corresponding keys
Figure 4-2 to Figure 4-5 show the usefulness of the debug data out feature. Channels can be monitored and tweaked
to the specific application with great accuracy.
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Figure 4-2. Byte Clocked Out (~5 µs Period)
Figure 4-3. Byte Following Byte (~ 30 µs Period)
Figure 4-4. Full Debug Send (30 Bytes)
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Figure 4-5. Debug Lines Floating Between Debug Data Sends (30 Bytes, ~2 ms to Send)
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5.
Specifications
5.1
Absolute Maximum Specifications
Vdd
–0.5 to +6.0 V
Max continuous pin current, any control or drive pin
±10 mA
Voltage forced onto any pin
–0.5 V to (Vdd + 0.5) V
CAUTION: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Specifications may cause permanent damage
the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or other conditions beyo
those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximu
specification conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability
5.2
Recommended Operating Conditions
Operating temperature
–40°C to +85°C
Storage temperature
–55°C to +125°C
Vdd
1.8 V to 5.5 V
Supply ripple + noise
±20 mV maximum
Cx capacitance per key
2 to 20 pF
5.3
DC Specifications
Vdd = 5.0 V, Cs = 4.7 nF, Ta = recommended range, unless otherwise noted
Parameter
Description
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Vil
Low input logic level
–0.5
–
0.3
V
Vih
High input logic level
0.6 × Vdd
Vdd
Vdd + 0.5
V
Vol
Low output voltage
0
–
0.7
V
10 mA sink current
Voh
High output voltage
0.8 × Vdd
–
Vdd
V
10 mA source current
Input leakage current
–
<0.05
1
µA
Internal RST pull-up resistor
20
–
50
k
Iil
Rrst
Notes
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5.4
Timing Specifications
Parameter
Description
Min
Typ
Max
Units
TBS
Burst duration
–
3.5
–
ms
Fc
Burst center frequency
–
119
–
kHz
Fm
Burst modulation, percentage
–7.5
–
+7.5
%
TPW
Burst pulse width
–
2
–
µs
5.5
Notes
Cx = 5 pF, Cs = 18 nF
Power Consumption
Vdd (V)
AKS Mode (RAKS)
Speed (RFS)
Power Consumption (µA)
Off
Slow
31
Off
Fast
104
On
Slow
36
On
Fast
114
Off
Slow
100
Off
Fast
340
On
Slow
117
On
Fast
380
Off
Slow
215
Off
Fast
710
On
Slow
245
On
Fast
800
1.8
3.3
5.0
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5.6
Mechanical Dimensions
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AT42QT1040 [DATASHEET]
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5.7
Marking
Either of the following two markings may be used:
Pin 1 ID
Abbreviation of
Part Number:
140
AT42QT1040
R1
Code Revision:
1.0 Released
Program Week Code Number 1-52 Where:
A = 1 B = 2 ... Z = 26
then using the underscore A = 27...Z = 52
140
R1X
YZZ
Pin 1 ID
Code Revision:
R1 = 1.0 Released
Abbreviation of
Part Number:
AT42QT1040
Assembly
Location Code
Traceability Code
(Y = last digit of year; for example, 9 = 2009, 0 = 2010, etc
ZZ = assembly trace code)
5.8
Part Number
Part Number
AT42QT1040-MMH
Description
20-pin 3 x 3 mm VQFN RoHS compliant
The part number comprises:
AT = Atmel
42 = Touch Business Unit
QT = Charge-transfer technology
1040 = (1) Keys only (04) number of channels (0) variant number
MMH = Package identifier
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5.9
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)
MSL Rating
MSL1
Peak Body Temperature
o
260 C
Specifications
IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020
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Revision History
Revision No.
History
Revision A – March 2009

Initial release for chip revision 1.0
Revision B – April 2009

Update to pin listing in Table 1-1
Revision C – November 2012

Updated Atmel logo and other minor changes
Revision D – May 2013

Updated template
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Notes
AT42QT1040 [DATASHEET]
9524D–AT42–05/2013
21
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