HOLTEK HT49RU80

HT49RU80/HT49CU80
LCD Type 8-Bit MCU
Technical Document
· Tools Information
· FAQs
· Application Note
- HA0017E Controlling the Read/Write Function of the HT24 Series EEPROM Using the HT49 Series MCUs
- HA0024E Using the RTC in the HT49 MCU Series
- HA0025E Using the Time Base in the HT49 MCU Series
- HA0026E Using the I/O Ports on the HT49 MCU Series
- HA0027E Using the Timer/Event Counter in the HT49 MCU Series
Features
· Operating voltage:
· Buzzer output
fSYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V
fSYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V
· On-chip crystal, RC and 32768Hz crystal oscillator
· HALT function and wake-up feature reduce power
· 8 input lines and 7 output lines
consumption
· 16 bidirectional I/O lines
· 16-level subroutine nesting
· Two external interrupt inputs
· UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver
· One 8-bit and two 16-bit programmable timer/event
Transmitter
counters with PFD - programmable frequency divider
function
· Bit manipulation instruction
· 16-bit table read instruction
· LCD driver with 48´2, 48´3 or 47´4 segments
· Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock
· 16K´16 program memory
· 63 powerful instructions
· 576´8 data memory RAM
· All instructions executed within 1 or 2 machine cycles
· Real Time Clock - RTC
· Low voltage reset/detector functions
· RTC 8-bit prescaler
· 64-pin LQFP and 100-pin QFP packages
· Watchdog Timer
General Description
These devices are 8-bit, high performance, RISC architecture microcontrollers specifically designed for a wide
range of LCD applications. The mask version, the
HT49CU80, is fully pin and functionally compatible with
the OTP version HT49RU80 device.
and buzzer driver in addition to a flexible and
configurable LCD interface, enhance the versatility of
these devices to control a wide range of LCD-based application possibilities such as measuring scales, electronic multimeters, gas meters, timers, calculators,
remote controllers and many other LCD-based industrial and home appliance applications.
The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, programmable frequency divider, timer functions,
oscillator options, power-down and wake-up functions
Rev. 1.20
1
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Block Diagram
IN T 0 , IN T 1
S T A C K
P ro g ra m
C o u n te r
IN T C
In s tr u c tio n
R e g is te r
M
M P
U
X
T M R 1 C
T M R 1
P F D 1
M
T M R 2 C
T M R 2
M
D a ta
M e m o ry
A L U
T im in g
G e n e r a tio n
O S C 2
O S C 4
O S
R E
V D
V S
O S
S h ifte r
S
S
A C C
D
C 3
M
Rev. 1.20
U
B P
P B
L C D
M e m o ry
P A
S E G 0 ~
S E G 4 6
2
Y S
Y S
/4
/4
R T C O S C
X
P D 0
P D 2
P D 4
P D 6
O S C 3
O S C 4
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
G 4 0 , P D 1 /S E G 4 1
G 4 2 , P D 3 /S E G 4 3
G 4 4 , P D 5 /S E G 4 5
G 4 6
P C 0 /T X , P C 1 /R X ,
P C 2 ~ P C 7
P o rt B
P B 0 /IN T 0 , P B 1 /IN T 1
P B 2 /T M R 0 , P B 3 /T M R 1
P B 4 /T M R 2 , P B 5 ~ P B 7
P o rt A
U A R T
fS
W D T O S C
L V D /L V R
C O M 3 /
S E G 4 7
T M R 2
X
fS
L C D D r iv e r
C O M 0 ~
C O M 2
U
Y S
T im e B a s e O u t
fS Y S /4
P o rt C
P C
C 1
fS
X
P o rt D
P D
S T A T U S
/4
Y S
T M R 1
T M R 0 O V
U
T im e B a s e
M U X
Y S
R T C O u t
T M R 0
X
R T C
W D T
In s tr u c tio n
D e c o d e r
U
P F D 0
In te rru p t
C ir c u it
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
fS
fS
M
T M R 0 C
T M R 0
P A 0 /B Z , P A 1 /B Z
P A 2 , P A 3 /P F D
P A 4 ~ P A 7
H A L T
E N /D IS
T X
R X
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Pin Assignment
P A
P
P
S
S
S
E G 1
E G 1
E G 1
S E G
S E G
O S C
O S C
V D
O S C
O S C
R E
A 0 /B
A 1 /B
P A
3 /P F
P A
D
D
S
Z
Z
4
3
2
1
9
8
2
4
P
P
2
P B
P B 2
P B 3
P B 4
1
0
P B
6 4 6 3 6 2 6 1 6 0 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 1 5 0 4 9
1
P A 5
P A 6
P A 7
0 /IN T 0
1 /IN T 1
/T M R 0
/T M R 1
/T M R 2
P B 5
P B 6
P B 7
C 0 /T X
C 1 /R X
P C 2
V M A X
V S S
2
3
4
5
6
7
H T 4 9 R U 8 0
H T 4 9 C U 8 0
6 4 L Q F P -A
8
9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
4 8
4 7
4 6
4 5
4 4
4 3
4 2
4 1
4 0
3 9
3 8
3 7
3 6
3 5
3 4
3 3
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
2 7
2 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
C O M
C O M
C O M
C O M
C 2
C 1
V 2
V 1
V L C
D
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4
4 5
4 6
3 /S E G 4 7
2
1
0
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
O S C
O S C
V D
O S C
O S C
R E
P A 0 /B
P A 1 /B
P A
P A 3 /P F
P A
D
D
S
Z
Z
2
4
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
P
P
4
P B
P B 2
P B 3
P B 4
3
P B
1 0 0 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 4 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 1
5
C
2
1
0
P A
N
N
N
N
N
1
2
7 9
C
3
7 8
C
4
7 7
C
5
7 6
C
P A 6
P A 7
0 /IN T 0
1 /IN T 1
/T M R 0
/T M R 1
/T M R 2
P B 5
P B 6
P B 7
C 0 /T X
C 1 /R X
P C 2
P C 3
P C 4
P C 5
P C 6
P C 7
N C
N C
N C
N C
V M A X
V S S
8 0
6
7 5
7
7 4
8
7 3
9
7 2
1 0
7 1
1 1
7 0
1 2
6 9
1 3
6 8
1 4
6 7
H T 4 9 R U 8 0
H T 4 9 C U 8 0
1 0 0 Q F P -A
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
6 6
6 5
6 4
6 3
1 9
6 2
2 0
6 1
2 1
6 0
2 2
5 9
2 3
5 8
2 4
5 7
2 5
5 6
2 6
5 5
2 7
5 4
2 8
5 3
2 9
3 0
3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0
5 2
5 1
S E G
S E G
S E G
N C
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
N C
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
S E G
9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
2 7
2 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
3 5
3 6
N C
S E G
S E G
S E G
P D 0
P D 1
P D 2
P D 3
P D 4
P D 5
P D 6
C O M
C O M
C O M
C O M
C 2
C 1
V 2
V 1
V L C
2
1
3 7
3 8
3 9
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
3 /S
D
0
G 4
G 4
G 4
G 4
G 4
G 4
G 4
E G
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4 7
Rev. 1.20
3
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Pad Description
Pad Name
PA0/BZ
PA1/BZ
PA2
PA3/PFD
PA4~PA7
PB0/INT0
PB1/INT1
PB2/TMR0
PB3/TMR1
PB4/TMR2
PB5~PB7
PC0/TX
PC1/RX
PC2~PC7
I/O
Options
Description
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each pin on this port can be configured
as a wake-up input by a configuration option. Configuration options deterWake-up
mine whether pins PA0~PA3 are configured as CMOS outputs or NMOS inCMOS or NMOS put/output pins. If PA0~PA3 are configured as NMOS input/output pins,
I/O
Pull-high
then pull-high options are available but apply to all 4 pins, not individual
PA0/PA1 or BZ/BZ pins. Pins PA4~PA7 are always configured as NMOS input/output pins with
PA3 or PFD
pull-high resistors connected. All inputs are Schmitt Trigger types. Pins
PA0, PA1 and PA3 are pin-shared with BZ, BZ and PFD respectively, the
function of which is chosen via configuration options.
I
I/O
PD0/SEG40~
O
PD6/SEG46
¾
8-bit Schmitt Trigger input port. Each input pin is connected to an internal
pull-high resistor. Pins PB0 and PB1 are pin-shared with INT0 and INT1
respectively. Pins PB2, PB3 and PB4 are pin-shared with TMR0, TMR1
and TMR2 respectively.
CMOS or NMOS
Pull-high
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Two configuration options determine
whether the four pins PC0~PC3 and the four pins PC4~PC7 are configured as CMOS outputs or NMOS input/output pins. Pins must be configured as CMOS outputs or NMOS input/output pins in blocks of four pins,
individual pins cannot be selected. If pins PC0~PC3 or PC4~PC7 are configured as NMOS input/output pins, then a pull-high option is available for
each block of four pins. Individual pins cannot be selected to have a
pull-high option. All inputs are Schmitt Trigger types. Pins PC0 and PC1
are pin-shared with UART pins TX and RX respectively.
CMOS Output
or SEG Output
7-bit output port. Each pin can be setup as either a CMOS output or a SEG
output via configuration options.
VLCD
I
¾
LCD power supply. This pad is implemented for LCD power only. The
VLCD levels can be greater or less than the VDD levels.
VMAX
¾
¾
IC maximum voltage, connect to VDD, VLCD or V1.
I
¾
LCD voltage pump
COM0~COM2
COM3/SEG47
O
1/2, 1/3 or 1/4
Duty
SEG0~SEG39
O
¾
OSC1
OSC2
I
O
Crystal or RC
OSC1 and OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external
crystal (determined by configuration option) for the internal system clock.
For external RC system clock operation, OSC2 is an output pin for 1/4
system clock. If an RTC oscillator on pins OSC3 and OSC4 is used as a
system clock, then the OSC1 and OSC2 pins should be left floating.
OSC3
OSC4
I
O
RTC or
System Clock
OSC3 and OSC4 are connected to a 32768Hz crystal to form a Real Time
Clock for timing purposes or to form a system clock.
RES
I
¾
Schmitt Trigger reset input, active low.
VDD
¾
¾
Positive power supply
VSS
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
V1, V2, C1, C2
Rev. 1.20
The 1/4 LCD duty cycle configuration option will determine whether pin
COM3/SEG47 is configured as a SEG47 segment driver or as a common
COM3 output driver for the LCD panel. COM0~COM2 are the LCD common outputs.
LCD driver outputs for LCD panel segments
4
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V
Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C
Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
IOL Total ..............................................................150mA
Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW
Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C
IOH Total............................................................-100mA
Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may
cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed
in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability.
D.C. Characteristics
Symbol
VDD
Parameter
Operating Voltage
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
LVR disabled, fSYS=4MHz
2.2
¾
5.5
V
LVR disabled, fSYS=8MHz
3.3
¾
5.5
V
2.2
¾
5.5
V
¾
1
2
mA
¾
3
5
mA
¾
1.5
3.0
mA
VDD
¾
Conditions
VLCD
LCD Power Supply (Note *)
¾
VA£5.5V
IDD1
Operating Current
(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)
3V
No load, fSYS=4MHz,
UART Off
IDD2
Operating Current
(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)
IDD3
Operating Current
(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)
IDD4
Operating Current
(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)
IDD5
Operating Current
(fSYS=RTC OSC)
ISTB1
ISTB2
ISTB3
ISTB4
ISTB5
ISTB6
ISTB7
Rev. 1.20
5V
3V
¾
3
6
mA
5V
No load, fSYS=8MHz,
UART Off
¾
4
8
mA
5V
No load, fSYS=8MHz,
UART On
¾
5
10
mA
¾
0.3
0.6
mA
¾
0.6
1
mA
¾
¾
1
mA
5V
3V
No load, UART Off
5V
Standby Current
(*fS=fSYS/4)
3V
Standby Current
(*fS=RTC OSC)
3V
Standby Current
(*fS=WDT OSC)
Standby Current
(*fS=RTC OSC)
Standby Current
(*fS=RTC OSC)
Standby Current
(*fS=WDT OSC)
Standby Current
(*fS=WDT OSC)
No load, fSYS=4MHz,
UART On
5V
5V
3V
5V
3V
5V
3V
5V
3V
5V
3V
5V
No load, system HALT,
LCD Off at HALT, UART Off
No load, system HALT,
LCD On at HALT, C type,
UART Off
No load, system HALT
LCD On at HALT, C type,
UART Off
No load, system HALT,
LCD On at HALT, R type,
1/2 bias, UART Off
No load, system HALT,
LCD On at HALT, R type,
1/3 bias, UART Off
No load, system HALT,
LCD On at HALT, R type,
1/2 bias, UART Off
No load, system HALT,
LCD On at HALT, R type,
1/3 bias, UART Off
5
¾
¾
2
mA
¾
2.5
5.0
mA
¾
10
20
mA
¾
2
5
mA
¾
6
10
mA
¾
17
30
mA
¾
34
60
mA
¾
13
25
mA
¾
26
50
mA
¾
14
25
mA
¾
28
50
mA
¾
10
20
mA
¾
20
40
mA
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Symbol
Parameter
Test Conditions
VDD
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
VIL1
Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports,
TMR0, TMR1, TMR2, INT0 and
INT1
¾
¾
0
¾
0.3VDD
V
VIH1
Input High Voltage for I/O Ports,
TMR0, TMR1, TMR2, INT0 and
INT1
¾
¾
0.7VDD
¾
VDD
V
VIL2
Input Low Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0
¾
0.4VDD
V
VIH2
Input High Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0.9VDD
¾
VDD
V
IOL1
I/O Port Sink Current
3V
VOL=0.1VDD
5V
3V
IOH1
I/O Port Source Current
VOH=0.9VDD
5V
IOL2
IOH2
LCD Common and Segment
Current
3V
LCD Common and Segment
Current
3V
VOL=0.1VA
5V
VOH=0.9VA
5V
3V
RPH
¾
Pull-high Resistance
5V
6
12
¾
mA
10
25
¾
mA
-2
-4
¾
mA
-5
-8
¾
mA
210
420
¾
mA
350
700
¾
mA
-80
-160
¾
mA
-180
-360
¾
mA
20
60
100
kW
10
30
50
kW
VLVR
Low Voltage Reset Voltage
¾
¾
2.7
3.0
3.3
V
VLVD
Low Voltage Detector Voltage
¾
¾
3.0
3.3
3.6
V
Note:
²*² for the value of VA refer to the LCD driver section.
²*fS² please refer to the WDT clock option
A.C. Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
System Clock
(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)
fSYS1
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
VDD
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
¾
2.2V~5.5V
400
¾
4000
kHz
¾
3.3V~5.5V
400
¾
8000
kHz
fSYS2
System Clock
(32768Hz Crystal OSC)
¾
¾
¾
32768
¾
Hz
fRTCOSC
RTC Frequency
¾
¾
¾
32768
¾
Hz
fTIMER
Timer I/P Frequency
(50% duty)
tWDTOSC Watchdog Oscillator Period
¾
2.2V~5.5V
0
¾
4000
kHz
¾
3.3V~5.5V
0
¾
8000
kHz
3V
¾
45
90
180
ms
5V
¾
32
65
130
ms
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
¾
1024
¾
*tSYS
External Reset Low Pulse Width
¾
tSST
System Start-up Timer Period
¾
tLVR
Low Voltage Width to Reset
¾
¾
0.25
1
2
ms
tINT
Interrupt Pulse Width
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
tRES
Note:
Wake-up from HALT
*tSYS= 1/fSYS1 or 1/fSYS2
Rev. 1.20
6
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Functional Description
Execution Flow
specify a maximum of 16384 addresses.
The system clock is derived from either a crystal or an
RC oscillator or a 32768Hz crystal oscillator. It is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles.
After accessing a program memory word to fetch an instruction code, the value of the PC is incremented by
²1². The PC then points to the memory word containing
the next instruction code.
Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such
a way that a fetch takes one instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle.
The pipelining scheme makes it possible for each instruction to be effectively executed in a cycle. If an instruction changes the value of the program counter, two
cycles are required to complete the instruction.
When executing a jump instruction, a conditional skip
execution, loading a PCL register, a subroutine call, an
initial reset, an internal interrupt, an external interrupt, or
returning from a subroutine, the PC manages the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to
each instruction.
The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once
the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during
the current instruction execution, is discarded and a
dummy cycle replaces it to get a proper instruction; otherwise the program proceeds to the next instruction.
Program Counter - PC
The program counter (PC) is 14 bits wide and controls
the sequence in which the instructions stored in the program ROM are executed. The contents of the PC can
S y s te m
O S C 2 (R C
C lo c k
T 1
T 2
T 3
T 4
T 1
T 2
T 3
T 4
T 1
T 2
T 3
T 4
o n ly )
P C
P C
P C + 1
F e tc h IN S T (P C )
E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 )
P C + 2
F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 )
E x e c u te IN S T (P C )
F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 )
E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 )
Execution Flow
Program Counter
Mode
*13
*12~*8
*7
*6
*5
*4
*3
*2
*1
*0
Initial Reset
0
00000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
External Interrupt 0
0
00000
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
External Interrupt 1
0
00000
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow
0
00000
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow
0
00000
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
UART Interrupt
0
00000
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
Multi Function Interrupt
0
00000
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
*13
*12~*8
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
Jump, Call Branch
BP.5
#12~#8
#7
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
#1
#0
Return from Subroutine
S13
S12~S8
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
Skip
Program Counter + 2 (within the current bank)
Loading PCL
Program Counter
Note:
*13~*0: Program counter bits
#12~#0: Instruction code bits
1 3 1 2
8 7
P ro g ra m
B P
.7
B P
.6
S13~S0: Stack register bits
@7~@0: PCL bits
0
C o u n te r
B P
.5
B a n k P o in te r (B P )
Rev. 1.20
7
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
that the desired program memory bank is addressed. If
a return from a CALL instruction or an interrupt is executed, the entire 14-bit program counter is popped off
the stack.
The lower byte of the PC, known as PCL, is a readable
and writeable register. Moving data into the PCL performs
a short jump. The destination is within 256 locations.
When a control transfer takes place, an additional
dummy cycle is required.
Certain locations in the ROM are reserved for special
usage:
Program Memory - ROM
· Location 000H
The program memory is used to store the program instructions which are to be executed. It also contains
data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organised into
8192´16´2 banks which are addressed by the program
counter and table pointer.
Location 000H is reserved for program initialisation.
After a chip reset, the program always begins execution at this location.
· Location 004H
Location 004H is reserved for the external interrupt
service program. If the INT0 input pin is activated, and
the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, the
program will jump to this location and begin execution.
The BP register bits5~bits7 are used to select the Program Memory bank. When BP.7~BP.5 = 000B, Program
Memory bank 0 is selected and ranges from 0000H to
1FFFH. When BP.7~BP.5 = 001B, Program Memory
bank 1 is selected which ranges from 2000H to 3FFFH.
· Location 008H
Location 008H is reserved for the external interrupt
service program also. If the INT1 input pin is activated,
and the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full,
the program will jump to this location and begin
execution.
The CALL and JMP instruction provide for a full 13 bits
of addressing to allow branching anywhere within the 8K
program memory bank. When executing a CALL or JMP
instruction, the highest bit of the address is provided by
BP.5. When executing a CALL or JMP instruction, the
bank select bit must be correctly programmed to ensure
0 0 0 H
E x te r n a l in te r r u p t 0 s u b r o u tin e
0 0 8 H
0 1 0 H
Location 00CH is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow, and if the
interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution.
D e v ic e in itia liz a tio n p r o g r a m
0 0 4 H
0 0 C H
· Location 00CH
· Location 010H
E x te r n a l in te r r u p t 1 s u b r o u tin e
Location 010H is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow, and if the
interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution.
T im e r /e v e n t c o u n te r 0 in te r r u p t s u b r o u tin e
T im e r /e v e n t c o u n te r 1 in te r r u p t s u b r o u tin e
0 1 4 H
U A R T In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e
0 1 8 H
P ro g ra m
B a n k 0
M u lti F u n c tio n In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e
n 0 0 H
R O M
· Location 014H
This location is reserved for the UART interrupt service program. If a UART interrupt results from a UART
TX or RX, and the interrupt is enabled and the stack is
not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution.
L o o k - u p ta b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s )
n F F H
1 F 0 0 H
· Location 018H
L o o k - u p ta b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s )
1 F F F H
3 F 0 0 H
P ro g ra m
B a n k 1
L o o k - u p ta b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s )
3 F F F H
This location is reserved for the multi function interrupt
service program. If a multi function interrupt results
from a Timer/Event Counter 2 overflow, a time base
interrupt occurs, or an RTC counter overflow, and the
related interrupts are enabled and the multi function
interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution.
R O M
1 6 b its
N o te : n ra n g e s fro m
0 to 1 F
Program Memory
Instruction(s)
Table Location
*13~*8
*7
*6
*5
*4
*3
*2
*1
*0
TABRDC [m]
TBHP
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
TABRDL [m]
111111
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
Table Location
Note:
*13~*0: Table location bits
@7~@0: Bits of TBLP
Rev. 1.20
TBHP: Table pointer higher-order bits
8
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
· Table location
General Purpose Data Memory is subdivided into three
banks, Banks 0, 2 and 3 each of which has a capacity of
192 ´ 8bits. The bank pointer, BP, selects which bank is
to be used, however care should be exercised when
manipulating the bank pointer as it is also used to select
the Program Memory bank.
Any location in the program memory can be used as
look-up tables. The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (page
specified by TBHP and TBLP) and ²TABRDL [m]² (the
last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte
to the specified data memory, and the higher-order
byte to TBLH (08H). The higher-order byte table
pointer TBHP (1FH) and lower-order byte table
pointer TBLP (07H) are read/write registers, which indicate the table locations. Before accessing the table
data, the location has to be placed in the TBHP and
TBLP. The TBLH register is read only and cannot be
restored. If the main routine and the interrupt service
routine both employ the table read instruction, the
contents of the TBLH register in the main routine are
likely to be changed by the table read instruction used
in the interrupt service routine. If this happens errors
can occur. Therefore, using the table read instruction
in the main routine and in the interrupt service routine
simultaneously should be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has to be used in both the main
routine and in the interrupt service routine the interrupt
should be disabled prior to executing the table read instruction. It should not be re-enabled until TBLH in the
main routine has been backed up. All table related instructions require 2 cycles to execute.
RAM Bank
0
00001
1
00010
2
00011
3
The general purpose data memory, addressed from 40H
to FFH (bank0, 2, 3), is used for data and control information under instruction commands.
The RAM areas can directly handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement, and rotate operations. Except for
some dedicated bits, each bit in the RAM can be set and
reset by the bit manipulation instructions ²SET [m].i²
and ²CLR [m].i². They are also indirectly accessible
through Memory pointer register 0, MP0, or Memory
pointer register 1, MP1.
There is also a special part of memory for the LCD memory. Bits in this special part memory are mapped to the
LCD pixel one by one. This LCD memory is located in
data memory bank 1.
Stack Register - STACK
The stack register is a special part of the memory used
to save the contents of the program counter. The stack
is organised into 16 levels and is neither part of the data
memory nor part of the program memory, and is neither
readable nor writeable. Its activated level is indexed by
a stack pointer, known as SP, and is neither readable
nor writeable. At the start of a subroutine call or an interrupt acknowledge, the contents of the program counter
are pushed onto the stack. At the end of the subroutine
or interrupt routine, indicated by a return instruction,
RET or RETI, the contents of the program counter are
restored to their previous value from the stack. After a
chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the stack.
Indirect Addressing Registers
Locations 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers that are not physically implemented. Any read/write
operation of [00H] and [02H] accesses the data memory
pointed to by MP0 and MP1, respectively. Reading locations 00H or 02H indirectly returns the result 00H.
Writing to it indirectly leads to no operation.
The direct transfer of data between two indirect addressing registers is not supported. The memory pointer
registers, MP0 and MP1, are both 8-bit registers used to
access the data memory by combining the corresponding indirect addressing registers. MP0 can only be applied to memory located at bank 0, while MP1 can be
applied to data memory from bank 0, bank 2 and bank 3
as well as the LCD display memory which is located in
bank 1.
If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes
place, the interrupt request flag is recorded but the acknowledge is still inhibited. Once the Stack Pointer is
decremented, by RET or RETI, the interrupt is serviced.
This feature prevents stack overflow, allowing the programmer to use the structure easily. Likewise, if the
stack is full, and a ²CALL² is subsequently executed, a
stack overflow occurs and the first entry is lost. Only the
most recent 16 return addresses are stored.
Accumulator - ACC
Data Memory - RAM
The accumulator, ACC, is related to ALU operations. It
is also mapped to location 05H in the data memory and
is capable of operating with immediate data. Any data
transfers between two data memory locations must
pass through the ACC.
Not including the LCD memory, the data memory, has a
total capacity of 608´8 bits, and is divided into two functional groups, namely, the special function registers and
the general purpose data memory most of which are
readable/ writeable, although some are read only. The
Rev. 1.20
BP
00000
9
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
0 0 H
0 1 H
0 2 H
0 3 H
Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU
In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0
M P 0
This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations and provides the following functions:
In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 1
M P 1
0 4 H
· Arithmetic operations - ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA
B P
0 5 H
0 6 H
0 7 H
0 8 H
A C C
· Logical operations - AND, OR, XOR, CPL
P C L
· Rotations - RL, RR, RLC, RRC
T B L P
· Increment and Decrement - INC, DEC
T B L H
0 9 H
· Branch decisions - SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ etc.
R T C C
0 A H
IN T C 0
The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation
but also changes the status register.
T M R 0
Status Register - STATUS
S T A T U S
0 B H
0 C H
0 D H
0 E H
T M R 0 C
0 F H
The status register is 8 bits wide and contains, a carry
flag (C), an auxiliary carry flag (AC), a zero flag (Z), an
overflow flag (OV), a power down flag (PDF), and a
watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also records the status
information and controls the operation sequence.
T M R 1 H
1 0 H
T M R 1 L
1 1 H
T M R 1 C
1 2 H
P A
1 3 H
1 4 H
Except for the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions similar to other registers. Data written into the status register does not alter
the TO or PDF flags. Operations related to the status
register, however, may yield different results from those
intended. The TO and PDF flags can only be changed
by a Watchdog Timer overflow, device power-on, or
clearing the Watchdog Timer and executing the ²HALT²
instruction. The Z, OV, AC, and C flags reflect the status
of the latest operations.
P B
1 5 H
1 6 H
S p e c ia l P u r p o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
P C
1 7 H
1 8 H
P D
1 9 H
1 A H
1 B H
1 C H
1 D H
1 E H
IN T C 1
1 F H
On entering the interrupt sequence or executing the subroutine call, the status register will not be automatically
pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the status is important, and if the subroutine is likely to corrupt the status
register, precautions should be taken to save it properly.
T B H P
2 0 H
T M R 2 H
2 1 H
T M R 2 L
2 2 H
T M R 2 C
2 3 H
M F IC
2 4 H
Interrupts
2 5 H
The device provides two external interrupts, three internal timer/event counters interrupts, an internal time
base interrupt, an internal real time clock interrupt, and
an UART TX/RX interrupt. The interrupt control register
0, INTC0, and interrupt control register 1, INTC1, both
contain the interrupt control bits that are used to set the
enable/disable status and to record the interrupt request
flags.
2 6 H
2 7 H
U S R
2 8 H
U S R
2 9 H
U C R 1
2 A H
U C R 2
2 B H
T X R /R X R
2 C H
B R G
2 D H
3 F H
4 0 H
G
G e
D
F F H
4 0 H
(1
: U n u s e d .
e Bn e a r n a k l P 0 u r p o s e
n D e a r a t a l P M u e r mp o o s r e y
( a 1 t 9 a 2 M x e 2 m B o y r yt e s )
9 2 x 3 B y te s )
Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, other interrupts
are all blocked, by clearing the EMI bit. This scheme may
prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may take place during this interval, but only the interrupt request flag will be recorded. If a certain interrupt
requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit
and the corresponding bit in the INTC0 or of INTC1 register may be set in order to allow interrupt nesting. Once
the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until the
SP is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the
stack should be prevented from becoming full.
R e a d a s "0 "
B a n k 2
B a n k 3
G e Bn e a r n a k l P 1
D a ta M e
L C D D is p la y
(1 9 2 x 2
u rp o
m o r
M e m
B y te
s e
y
o ry
s )
6 F H
RAM Mapping
Rev. 1.20
10
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Bit No.
Label
Function
0
C
C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not
take place during a subtraction operation, otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate
through carry instruction.
1
AC
AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from
the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction, otherwise AC is cleared.
2
Z
3
OV
OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the
highest-order bit, or vice versa, otherwise OV is cleared.
4
PDF
PDF is cleared by either a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is
set by executing the ²HALT² instruction.
5
TO
TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is
set by a WDT time-out.
6, 7
¾
Unused bit, read as ²0²
Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero, otherwise Z is cleared.
STATUS (0AH) Register
time base signal or caused by a real time clock signal.
After the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full, and
the MFF bit is set, a subroutine call to location 18H occurs. The related interrupt request flag, MFF, is reset
and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further interrupts.
All interrupts provide a wake-up function. As an interrupt
is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the contents of the program counter onto the stack followed by
a branch to a subroutine at a specified program memory
location. Only the contents of the program counter is
pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or
of the status register is altered by the interrupt service
program which corrupts the desired control sequence,
the contents should be saved in advance.
During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other interrupt acknowledgments are all held until a ²RETI² instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are both set to 1 (if the stack is not full). To
return from the interrupt subroutine a ²RET² or ²RETI²
may be executed. RETI sets the EMI bit and enables an
interrupt service, but RET does not.
External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transition on the INT0 or INT1 pins, which will result in their
their related interrupt request flags, EIF0 and EEF1, being set. After the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full,
and a high to low transition occurs on the external interrupt pins, a subroutine call to location 04H or 08H occurs.
When the interrupt service routine is serviced, the interrupt request flags, EIF0 and EIF1, and the global enable
bit, EMI, are all cleared to disable other interrupts.
Interrupts occurring in the interval between the rising
edges of two consecutive T2 pulses are serviced on the
latter of the two T2 pulses if the corresponding interrupts
are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests, the
priorities in the following table apply. These can be
masked by resetting the EMI bit.
The internal Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt is
initialised by setting the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt
request flag, T0F. This will occur when the timer overflows. After the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not
full, and T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location 0CH
occurs. The related interrupt request flag, T0F, is reset,
and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further interrupts.
The Timer/Event Counter 1 is operated in the same
manner but its related interrupt request flag is T1F, and
its subroutine call location is 10H.
Interrupt Source
The UART interrupt is initialised by setting the interrupt
request flag, URF, that is caused by a regular UART receive signal, caused by a UART transmit signal. After
the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full, and the URF
bit is set, a subroutine call to location 14H occurs. The
related interrupt request flag, URF, is reset and the EMI
bit is cleared to disable further interrupts.
Vector
External interrupt 0
1
004H
External interrupt 1
2
008H
Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow
3
00CH
Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow
4
010H
UART interrupt
5
014H
Multi function interrupt
(Timer 2, Time base, RTC)
6
018H
It is recommended that a program should not use the
²CALL subroutine² within the interrupt subroutine. It¢s because interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner
or require to be serviced immediately in some applications. During that period, if only one stack is left, and enabling the interrupt is not well controlled, operation of the
²call² in the interrupt subroutine may damage the original control sequence.
The multi function interrupt is initialised by setting the interrupt request flag, MFF, that is caused by a regular
internal Timer/Event Counter 2 overflow, caused by a
Rev. 1.20
Priority
11
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Bit No.
Label
Function
0
EMI
Controls the master (global) interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable)
1
EEI0
Controls the external interrupt 0 (1=enable; 0=disable)
2
EEI1
Controls the external interrupt 1 (1=enable; 0=disable)
3
ET0I
Controls the Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable)
4
EIF0
External interrupt 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
5
EIF1
External interrupt 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
6
T0F
Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
7
¾
Unused bit, read as ²0²
INTC0 (0BH) Register
Bit No.
Label
Function
0
ET1I
Controls the Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable)
1
EURI
Controls the UART TX or RX interrupt (1=enable; 0:disable)
2
EMFI
Controls the multi-function interrupt (1=enable; 0:disable)
3, 7
¾
Unused bit, read as ²0²
4
T1F
Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
5
URF
UART TX or RX interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
6
MFF
Multi function interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
INTC1 (1EH) Register
Bit No.
Label
0
ET2I
Function
Controls the Timer/Event Counter 2 overflow interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable)
1
ETBI
Controls the time base interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable)
2
ERTI
Controls the real time clock interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable)
3, 7
¾
4
T2F
Timer/Event Counter 2 interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
5
TBF
Time base interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
6
RTF
Real time clock interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
Unused bit, read as ²0²
MFIC (23H) Register
Rev. 1.20
12
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Oscillator Configuration
the crystal and to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors connected between OSC1/OSC2 and
ground are required.
These devices contain three kinds of system clocks, an
RC oscillator, a crystal oscillator and a 32768Hz crystal
oscillator, the choice of which is determined by configuration options. No matter what type of oscillator is selected, the signal is used for the system clock. The
power down mode stops the system oscillator if it is an
RC or crystal oscillator type. The 32768Hz crystal system oscillator will continue to run even if in the power
down mode. If the 32768Hz crystal oscillator is selected
as the system oscillator, the system oscillator will continue to run but fSYS and instruction execution will cease.
Since the system oscillator is also designed for timing
purposes, the internal timing such as that for the RTC,
the time base and WDT operation continues to run even
if the system enters the power down mode.
A further oscillator circuit designed for the real time clock
also exists. This operates at a sole frequency of
32768Hz, for which a 32768Hz crystal should be connected between pins OSC3 and OSC4.
The RTC oscillator circuit can be controlled to start up
quickly by clearing the ²QOSC² bit in the RTCC register.
After power on, as the RTC oscillator will be in the quick
start up mode, it is recommended that it be turned off after about 2 seconds to conserve power.
The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator requiring no external components. Although when
the system enters the power down mode, the system
clock stops, the WDT oscillator will continue to run with a
period of approximately 65ms at 5V. The WDT oscillator
can be disabled by a configuration option to conserve
power.
Of the three oscillators, if the RC oscillator is used, an
external resistor between OSC1 and VSS is required,
whose range should be from 24kW to 1MW. A frequency
equal to the system clock divided by 4, is available on
pin OSC2. This pin can be used for synchronisation purposes but as it is an open drain output a pull-high resistor should be connected. The RC oscillator provides the
most cost effective solution, but, the frequency of the oscillation may vary with VDD, temperature, and process
variations. It is therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive
operations where accurate oscillator frequencies are
desired.
Watchdog Timer - WDT
The WDT clock source is sourced from its own dedicated RC oscillator (WDT oscillator), from the instruction
clock (system clock/4) or the real time clock oscillator
(RTC oscillator). The timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence from jumping to an unknown location with unpredictable results. The WDT can
be disabled by a configuration option. If the WDT is disabled, all instruction executions relating to the WDT will
lead to no operation.
If the crystal oscillator is selected, a crystal connected
between OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the
feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator. No
other external components are required. A resonator
may be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to replace
The WDT time-out period is fS/215~fS/216.
V
D D
4 7 0 p F
O S C 1
O S C 3
O S C 4
V
O S C 2
3 2 7 6 8 H z C r y s ta l/
R T C O s c illa to r
fS
Y S
C r y s ta l O s c illa to r
/4
O S C 1
D D
O S C 2
R C
O s c illa to r
System Oscillator
S y s te m
C lo c k /4
R T C
O S C 3 2 7 6 8 H z
O p tio n
S e le c t
fS
D iv id e r
D iv id e r
C K
W D T
1 2 k H z
O S C
T
R
C K
T
R
T im e - o u t R e s e t fS /2
1 5
~ fS /2
1 6
W D T C le a r
Watchdog Timer
Rev. 1.20
13
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Time Base
If the WDT clock source chooses the internal WDT oscillator as its clock source, the time-out period may vary
with temperature, VDD, and process variations. If the
clock source is chosen to be the instruction clock, then
when the power down mode is entered, it must be noted
that the WDT will stop counting and lose its protective
function.
The time base offers a periodic time-out period to generate a regular internal interrupt. Its time-out period
ranges from /212 to fS/215 selected by a configuration option. If a time base time-out occurs, the related interrupt
request flag, TBF, will be set. If the interrupt is enabled,
and the stack is not full, a subroutine call to location 18H
will take place. The time base time-out signal can also
be applied as a clock source to Timer/Event Counter 1 in
order to get a longer time-out period.
When the device operates in a noisy environment, using
the WDT oscillator is strongly recommended, since the
power down mode will stop the system clock.
fs
The WDT overflow under normal operation initialises a
²chip reset² and sets the status bit ²TO². In the power
down mode, the overflow initialises a ²warm reset², and
only the program counter and SP are reset to zero. To
clear the WDT contents, there are three methods to be
adopted. These are an external reset (a low level on the
RES pin), a software instruction, and a ²HALT² instruction.
There are two methods of using software instructions to
clear the Watchdog Timer, one of which must be chosen
by configuration option. The first option is to use the single ²CLR WDT² instruction while the second is to use
the two commands ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². For
the first option, a simple execution of ²CLR WDT² will
clear the WDT while for the second option, both ²CLR
WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² must both be executed to
successfully clear the WDT. Note that for this second
option, if ²CLR WDT1² is used to clear the WDT, successive executions of this instruction will have no effect,
only the execution of a ²CLR WDT2² instruction will
clear the WDT. Similarly after the ²CLR WDT2² instruction has been executed, only a successive ²CLR WDT1²
instruction can clear the Watchdog Timer.
D iv id e r
P r e s c a le r
O p tio n
O p tio n
L C D D r iv e r ( fS /2 2 ~ fS /2 8 )
B u z z e r (fS /2 2~ fS /2 9)
T im e B a s e In te r r u p t
fS /2 12~ fS /2 15
Real Time Clock - RTC
The real time clock, abbreviated as RTC, is operated in
the same manner as the time base in that it is used to
supply a regular internal interrupt. Its time-out period
ranges from fS/28 to fS/215 the actual value setup by software programming . Writing data to the RT2, RT1 and
RT0 bits in the RTCC register provides various time-out
periods. If an RTC time-out occurs, the related interrupt
request flag, RTF, will be set. If the interrupt is enabled,
and the stack is not full, a subroutine call to location 18H
will take place. The real time clock time-out signal can
also be used as a clock source for Timer/Event Counter
0 in order to get longer time-out periods.
RT2
RT1
RT0
RTC Clock Divided Factor
Multi-function Timer
0
0
0
2 8*
These devices provide a multi-function timer for the
WDT, time base and RTC but with different time-out periods. The multi-function timer consists of an 8-stage divider and a 7-bit prescaler, with the clock source coming
from the WDT OSC, the RTC OSC or the instruction
clock which is the system clock divided by 4. The
multi-function timer also provides a selectable frequency signal, ranging from fS/22 to fS/28, for the LCD
driver circuits, and a selectable frequency signal, ranging
from fS/22 to fS/29, for the buzzer output selectable by
configuration options. To obtain a proper display, it is
recommended that a frequency as near as possible to
4kHz is selected for the LCD driver circuits.
0
0
1
2 9*
0
1
0
210*
0
1
1
211*
1
0
0
212
1
0
1
213
1
1
0
214
1
1
1
215
fS
D iv id e r
Note: ²*² not recommended to be used
P r e s c a le r
R T 2
R T 1
R T 0
8 to 1
M u x .
fS /2 8~ fS /2 15
R T C In te rru p t
Real Time Clock
Rev. 1.20
14
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Power Down Mode - HALT
If a wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 tSYS system
clock periods to resume normal operation. In other
words, a dummy period is inserted after the wake-up. If
the wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledgment,
the actual interrupt subroutine execution is delayed by
more than one cycle. However, if the wake-up results in
the next instruction execution, the execution will be performed immediately after the dummy period is finished.
The power down mode is initialised when a ²HALT² instruction is executed and results in the following.
· The system oscillator and fSYS turn off but the WDT or
RTC oscillator keeps running, if the WDT oscillator or
the real time clock is selected.
· The contents of the data memory and registers remain
unchanged.
To minimize power consumption, all the I/O pins should
be carefully managed before entering the power down
mode.
· The WDT is cleared and starts recounting, if the WDT
clock source is sourced from the WDT oscillator or the
real time clock oscillator.
· All I/O ports maintain their original status.
Reset
· The PDF flag is set but the TO flag is cleared.
There are three ways in which a reset may occur.
· The LCD driver keeps running, if the WDT OSC or
· RES is reset during normal operation
RTC OSC is selected.
· RES is reset during HALT
The system will exit from power down mode by way of
an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge
signal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset
causes a device initialisation, while a WDT overflow performs a ²warm reset². After examining the TO and PDF
flags, the reason for a chip reset can be determined. The
PDF flag is cleared by a system power-up or by executing
the ²CLR WDT² instruction, and is set by executing the
²HALT² instruction. However if the TO flag is set and a
WDT time-out occurs, the corresponding wake-up only
resets the program counter and the stack pointer, and
leaves the other registers in their original state.
· WDT time-out is reset during normal operation
The WDT time-out during a power down differs from
other chip reset conditions, as it will perform only a
²warm reset² that resets only the program counter and
SP and leaves the other circuits in their original state.
Some registers remain unaffected during other reset
conditions. Most registers are reset to their ²initial condition² once the reset conditions are met. By examining
the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between different ²chip resets².
The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each pin
on port A can be independently selected to wake up the
device using configuration options. Awakening from an
I/O port stimulus, the program resumes execution at the
next instruction. When awakening from an interrupt, two
sequences may occur. If the related interrupt is disabled
or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program resumes execution at the next instruction. But if
the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt response takes place.
TO
PDF
RESET Conditions
0
0
RES reset during power-on
u
u
RES reset during normal operation
0
1
RES Wake-up HALT
1
u
WDT time-out during normal operation
1
1
WDT Wake-up HALT
Note: ²u² stands for unchanged
V
When an interrupt request flag is set before entering the
power down mode, the system cannot be awakened using that interrupt.
D D
0 .0 1 m F *
1 0 0 k W
R E S
1 0 k W
0 .1 m F *
Reset Circuit
Note:
Rev. 1.20
15
²*² Make the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin as short as possible, to
avoid noise interference.
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
input allows external events to be counted, time
intervals or pulse widths to be measured, or an accurate
time base to be generated. Using the internal clock allows an accurate time base to be generated.
V D D
R E S
tS
S T
S S T T im e - o u t
C h ip
The Timer/Event Counter 2 contains a 16-bit programmable count-up counter whose clock may be sourced
from an external source or an internal clock source. The
internal clock source comes from fSYS/4. The external
clock input allows the user to count external events,
measure time intervals or pulse widths, or to generate
an accurate time base.
R e s e t
Reset Timing Chart
H A L T
W a rm
R e s e t
W D T
There are two registers related to the Timer/Event
Counter 0; TMR0 and TMR0C. Two physical registers
are mapped to the TMR0 location. Writing to TMR0
places the starting value in the Timer/Event Counter 0
register while reading TMR0 takes the contents of the
Timer/Event Counter 0. The TMR0C register is a
timer/event counter control register, which defines the
timer options.
R e s e t
E x te rn a l
R E S
fS
C o ld
R e s e t
S S T
1 0 - b it R ip p le
C o u n te r
Y S
P o w e r - o n D e te c tio n
Reset Configuration
There are three registers related to the Timer/Event
Counter 1; TMR1H, TMR1L and TMR1C. Writing to
TMR1L will only transfer the data into an internal
lower-order byte buffer (8-bit) and writing TMR1H will
transfer the specified data and the contents of the
lower-order byte buffer to TMR1H and TMR1L registers,
respectively. The Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register is changed by each writing TRM1H operations.
Reading TMR1H will latch the contents of TMR1H and
TMR1L counters to the destination and the lower-order
byte buffer, respectively. Reading the TMR1L will read
the contents of the lower-order byte buffer. The TMR1C
is the Timer/Event Counter 1 control register, which defines the operating mode, counting enable or disable
and an active edge.
To guarantee that the system oscillator is running and
stabilised, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an
extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system awakes from the power down mode. After awakening from the power down mode, an SST delay is added.
An extra option load time delay is added during a reset
and power on.
The functional unit chip reset status is shown below.
Program Counter
000H
Interrupt
Disabled
Prescaler
Cleared
WDT
Cleared. After master reset,
WDT starts counting
Timer/event Counter
Off
Input/output Ports
Input mode
Stack Pointer
Points to the top of the stack
There are three registers related to the Timer/Event
Counter 2; TMR2H (20H), TMR2L (21H), TMR2C (22H).
Writing TMR2L will only place the written data to an internal lower-order byte buffer (8-bit) and writing TMR2H
will transfer the specified data and the contents of the
lower-order byte buffer to TMR2H and TMR2L registers,
respectively. The Timer/Event Counter 2 preload register is changed by each writing TRM2H operations.
Reading TMR2H will latch the contents of the TMR2H
and TMR2L counters to the destination and the
lower-order byte buffer, respectively. Reading the
TMR2L will read the contents of the lower-order byte
buffer. The TMR2C is the Timer/Event Counter 2 control
register, which defines the operating mode, counting enable or disable and an active edge.
Timer/Event Counter
Three timer/event counters are implemented in the device, one 8-bit programmable count-up counter and two
16-bit programmable count-up counter.
The Timer/Event Counter 0 clock source may be
sourced from the system clock, the system clock/4, the
RTC time-out signal or from an external source. The
system clock source or the system clock/4 source is selected by a configuration option.
The T0M0, T0M1 (TMR0C), T1M0, T1M1 (TMR1C) and
T2M0, T2M1 (TMR2C) bits define the operation mode.
The event count mode is used to count external events,
which means that the clock source is from an external
(TMR0/TMR1/TMR2) pin. The timer mode functions as
a normal timer with the clock source coming from the in-
The Timer/Event Counter 1 clock source may be
sourced from the TMR0 overflow, the system clock, the
time base time-out signal, the system clock/4 or an external source. The three former clock sources are selected by configuration options. Using the external clock
Rev. 1.20
16
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
The register states are summarised below:
Reset
(Power On)
WDT Time-out
(Norma Operation)
RES Reset
(Normal Operation)
RES Reset
(HALT)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)*
MP0
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
MP1
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
BP
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
0000H
0000H
0000H
0000H
0000H
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLH
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
RTCC
0000 0111
0000 0111
0000 0111
0000 0111
00uu uuuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
--1u uuuu
--uu uuuu
--01 uuuu
--11 uuuu
INTC0
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
TMR0
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR0C
0000 1---
0000 1---
0000 1---
0000 1---
uuuu u---
TMR1H
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR1L
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR1C
0000 1---
0000 1---
0000 1---
0000 1---
uuuu u---
PA
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PB
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
PC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PD
-111 1111
-111 1111
-111 1111
-111 1111
-uuu uuuu
INTC1
-000 -000
-000 -000
-000 -000
-000 -000
-uuu -uuu
TBHP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TMR2H
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR2L
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR2C
00-0 1---
00-0 1---
00-0 1---
00-0 1---
uu-u u---
MFIC
-000 -000
-000 -000
-000 -000
-000 -000
-uuu -uuu
USR
0000 1011
0000 1011
0000 1011
0000 1011
uuuu uuuu
UCR1
0000 00x0
0000 00x0
0000 00x0
0000 00x0
uuuu uuuu
UCR2
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
TXR/RXR
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
BRG
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
Register
Program Counter
Note:
²*² stands for warm reset
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
Rev. 1.20
17
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
timer/event counter is turned on, data written to the
timer/event counter is kept only in the timer/event counter preload register. The timer/event counter still continues its operation until an overflow occurs.
ternal selected clock source. Finally, the pulse width
measurement mode can be used to count the high or
low level duration of the external signal (TMR0/TMR1/
TMR2), and the counting is based on the internal selected clock source.
When the timer/event counter (reading TMR0/TMR1/
TMR2) is read, the clock is blocked to avoid errors, as
this may results in a counting error. Blocking of the clock
should be taken into account by the programmer.
In the event count or timer mode, the timer/event counter starts counting at the current contents in the
timer/event counter and ends at FFH (FFFFH). Once an
overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the
timer/event counter preload register, and generates an
interrupt request flag (T0F: bit 6 of the INTC0; T1F: bit 4
of the INTC1; T2F: bit 4 of the MFIC).
It is strongly recommended to load a desired value into
the TMR0/TMR1/TMR2 register first, before turning on
the related timer/event counter, for proper operation
since the initial value of TMR0/TMR1/TMR2 is unknown. Due to the timer/event counter scheme, the programmer should pay special attention on the instruction
to enable then disable the timer for the first time, whenever there is a need to use the timer/event counter function, to avoid unpredictable result. After this procedure,
the timer/event counter function can be operated normally. The following example is given, using one 8-bit
and one 16-bit width Timer (timer 0; timer 1) cascaded
into 24-bit width.
In the pulse width measurement mode with the values of
the T0ON/T1ON/T2ON and T0E/T1E/T2E bits equal to
²1², after the TMR0/TMR1/TMR2 has received a transient from low to high (or high to low if the T0E/T1E/T2E
bit is ²0²), it will start counting until the TMR0/TMR1/
TMR2) returns to the original level and resets the
T0ON/T1ON/T2ON. The measured result remains in
the timer/event counter even if the activated transient
occurs again. In other words, only 1-cycle measurement
can be made until the T0ON/T1ON/T2ON is set. The cycle measurement will re-function as long as it receives
further transient pulse. In this operation mode, the
timer/event counter begins counting not according to
the logic level but to the transient edges. In the case of
counter overflows, the counter is reloaded from the
timer/event counter register and issues an interrupt request, as in the other two modes, i.e., event and timer
modes.
START:
mov
mov
mov a, 01h ; Set ET1I bit to enable
mov intc1, a ; Timer 1 interrupt
mov a, 80h ; Set the operating mode as
mov tmr1c, a ; timer mode and select the mask
; option clock source
To enable the counting operation, the Timer ON bit
(T0ON/T1ON/T2ON; bit 4 of the TMR0C/TMR1C/
TMR2C) should be set to ²1². In the pulse width measurement mode, the T0ON/T1ON/T2ON is automatically cleared after the measurement cycle is completed.
But in the other two modes, the T0ON/T1ON/T2ON can
only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the
Timer/Event Counter 0/1 is one of the wake-up sources
and can also be applied to a PFD (Programmable Frequency Divider) output at PA3 by options. Only one PFD
(PFD0 or PFD1) can be applied to PA3 by options. No
matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to
ET0I/ET1I/ET2I disables the related interrupt service.
When the PFD function is selected, executing ²CLR
[PA].3² instruction to enable PFD output and executing
²SET [PA].3² instruction to disable PFD output.
mov a, 0a0h ; Set the operating mode as timer
mov tmr0c, a ; mode and select the system
; clock/4
set
clr
tmr1c.4 ; Enable then disable Timer 1
tmr1c.4 ; for the first time
mov
mov
mov
mov
mov
a, 00h
tmr0, a
a, 00h
tmr1l, a
tmr1h, a
set tmr0c.4
set tmr1c.4
In the case of timer/event counter OFF condition, writing
data to the timer/event counter preload register also reloads that data to the timer/event counter. But if the
Rev. 1.20
a, 09h ; Set ET0I & EMI bits to
intc0, a ; enable Timer 0 and
; global interrupt
; Load a desired value into
; the TMR0/TMR1 register
;
;
;
; Normal operating
;
END
18
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
S y s te m
S y s te m
C lo c k
M
O p tio n
C lo c k /4
f IN
U
T
X
D a ta B u s
R T C O u t
T 0 M 1
T 0 M 0
T 0 S
T M R 0
R e lo a d
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
T 0 E
P u ls e W id th
M e a s u re m e n t
M o d e C o n tro l
T 0 M 1
T 0 M 0
T 0 O N
T im e r /E v e n t
C c o u n te r 0
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
P F D 0
Timer/Event Counter 0
T M R 0 O v e r flo w
S y s te m
O p tio n
S e le c t
C lo c k
M
X
T im e B a s e O u t
S y s te m
D a ta B u s
U
L o w B y te
B u ffe r
C lo c k /4
T 1 M 1
T 1 M 0
T 1 S
T M R 1
1 6 - B it
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
T 1 E
T 1 M 1
T 1 M 0
T 1 O N
P u ls e W id th
M e a s u re m e n t
M o d e C o n tro l
H ig h B y te
L o w
R e lo a d
O v e r flo w
B y te
to In te rru p t
1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
P F D 1
Timer/Event Counter 1
D a ta B u s
S y s te m
L o w B y te
B u ffe r
C lo c k /4
T 2 M 1
T 2 M 0
T M R 2
1 6 - B it
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
T 2 E
T 2 M 1
T 2 M 0
T 2 O N
P u ls e W id th
M e a s u re m e n t
M o d e C o n tro l
H ig h B y te
L o w
B y te
R e lo a d
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
Timer/Event Counter 2
P F D 0
P F D 1
M
U
1 /2
X
P F D
P A 3 D a ta C T R L
P F D
S o u r c e O p tio n
PFD Source Option
Rev. 1.20
19
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Bit No.
Label
0~2
¾
3
T0E
4
T0ON
5
T0S
6
7
T0M0
T0M1
Function
Unused bit, read as ²0²
Defines the TMR0 active edge of the timer/event counter:
In Event Counter Mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(0,1):
1= count on falling edge;
0= count on rising edge
In Pulse Width measurement mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(1,1):
1= start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge;
0= start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge
Enables/disables the timer counting (0=disable; 1=enable)
2 to 1 multiplexer control inputs which selects the timer/event counter clock source
(0=RTC outputs; 1= system clock or system clock/4)
Defines the operating mode (T0M1, T0M0)
01= Event count mode (External clock)
10= Timer mode (Internal clock)
11= Pulse Width measurement mode (External clock)
00= Unused
TMR0C (0EH) Register
Bit No.
Label
0~2
¾
3
T1E
4
T1ON
5
T1S
6
7
T1M0
T1M1
Function
Unused bit, read as ²0²
Defines the TMR1 active edge of the timer/event counter:
In Event Counter Mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(0,1):
1= count on falling edge;
0= count on rising edge
In Pulse Width measurement mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(1,1):
1= start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge;
0= start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge
Enables/disables timer counting (0= disable; 1= enabled)
2 to 1 multiplexer control inputs to select the timer/event counter clock source
(0= option clock source; 1= system clock/4)
Defines the operating mode (T1M1, T1M0)
01= Event count mode (External clock)
10= Timer mode (Internal clock)
11= Pulse Width measurement mode (External clock)
00= Unused
TMR1C (11H) Register
Bit No.
Label
0~2
¾
3
T2E
4
T2ON
5
¾
6
7
T2M0
T2M1
Function
Unused bit, read as ²0²
Defines the TMR2 active edge of the timer/event counter:
In Event Counter Mode (T2M1,T2M0)=(0,1):
1= count on falling edge;
0= count on rising edge
In Pulse Width measurement mode (T2M1,T2M0)=(1,1):
1= start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge;
0= start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge
Enables/disables the timer counting (0=disable; 1=enable)
Unused bit, read as ²0²
Defines the operating mode (T2M1, T2M0):
01=Event count mode (External clock)
10=Timer mode (Internal clock)
11=Pulse width measurement mode (External clock)
00=Unused
TMR2C (22H) Register
Rev. 1.20
20
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
There are three function pins that share with the PA port:
PA0/BZ, PA1/BZ and PA3/PFD.
Input/Output Ports
There are two 8-bit bidirectional input/output ports, PA
and PC and one 8-bit input PB and one 7-bit output PD.
PA, PB, PC and PD are mapped to [12H], [14H], [16H]
and [18H] of the RAM, respectively. PA0~PA3 can be
configured as CMOS (output) or NMOS (input/output)
with or without pull-high resistor by options. PA4~PA7
are always pull-high and NMOS (input/output). If NMOS
(input) is chosen, each bit on the port (PA0~PA7) can be
configured as a wake-up input. PB can only be used for
input operation. PC can be configured as CMOS output
or NMOS input/output with or without pull-high resistor
by options. PD can only be used for CMOS output operation. All the ports for the input operation (PA, PB and
PC), are non-latched, that is, the inputs should be ready
at the T2 rising edge of the instruction ²MOV A, [m]²
(m=12H, 14H or 16H). For PA, PC, PD output operation,
all data are latched and remain unchanged until the output latch is rewritten.
The BZ and BZ are buzzer driving output pair and the
PFD is a programmable frequency divider output. If user
wants to use the BZ/BZ or PFD function, the related PA
port should be set as a CMOS output. The buzzer output
signals are controlled by PA0 and PA1 data registers as
defined in the following table.
PA0 Data
Register
0
0
PA0=BZ, PA1=BZ
1
0
PA0=BZ, PA1=0
X
1
PA0=0, PA1=0
PA0/PA1 Pad State
Note: ²X² stands for unused
The PFD output signal function is controlled by the PA3
data register and the timer/event counter state. The
PFD output signal frequency is also dependent on the
timer/event counter overflow period. The definitions of
the PFD control signal and PFD output frequency are
listed in the following table.
When the PA and PC structures are open drain NMOS
type, it should be noted that, before reading data from
the pads, a ²1² should be written to the related bits to
disable the NMOS device. That is, executing first the instruction ²SET [m].i² (i=0~7 for PA) to disable related
NMOS device, and then ²MOV A, [m]² to get stable data.
After a chip reset, these input lines remain at high level
or are left floating (by options). Each bit of these output
latches can be set or cleared by the ²MOV [m], A²
(m=12H or 16H) instruction.
Some instructions first input data and then follow the
output operations. For example, ²SET [m].i², ²CLR
[m].i², ²CPL [m]², ²CPLA [m]² read the entire port states
into the CPU, execute the defined operations
(bit-operation), and then write the results back to the
latches or to the accumulator. When a PA or PC line is
used as an I/O line, the related PA or PC line options
should be configured as NMOS with or without pull-high
resistor. Once a PA or PC line is selected as a CMOS
output, the input function cannot be used.
Timer
Timer
Preload
Value
PA3
Data
Register
PA3
Pad
State
PFD
Frequency
OFF
X
0
U
X
OFF
X
1
0
X
ON
N
0
PFD
fINT/
[2´(256-N)]
ON
N
1
0
X
Note:
²X² stands for unused
²U² stands for unknown
²256² is for TMR0. If TMR1 is used to generate
PFD, the number should be ²65536².
After a chip reset, these input/output lines remain at high
levels (pull-high options) or floating state (non-pull-high
options). It is suggested not to apply the ²read-modifywrite² instructions to the I/O port (since a reading error
may occur). Using ²MOV² instruction to avoid the reading error is suggested. The PB is a 8-bit input port and its
configuration is Schmitt trigger with pull-high resistors.
The input state of a PA or PC line is read from the related
PA or PC pad. When the PA or PC is configured as
NMOS with or without pull-high resistor, one should be
careful when applying a read-modify-write instruction to
PA or PC. Since the read-modify-write will read the entire port state (pads state) first, execute the specified instruction and then write the result to the port data
register. When the read operation is executed, a fault
pad state (caused by the load effect or floating state)
may be read. Errors will then occur.
Rev. 1.20
PA1 Data
Register
Each line of PA has the capability of waking-up the device. The PB0, PB1, PB2, PB3 and PB4 are pin-shared
with INT0, INT1, TMR0, TMR1 and TMR2 input functions, respectively.
21
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
V
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
D a ta B it
Q
D
D a ta B u s
W r ite D a ta
W e a k
P u ll- u p
C M O S /N M O S
O p tio n
Q
C K
D D
C h ip R e s e t
M
P F D ( P A 3 o n ly )
B Z ( P A 1 o n ly )
B Z ( P A 0 o n ly )
U
P A 0 /B Z
P A 1 /B Z
P A 2
P A 3 /P F D
X
P F D o r B Z O p tio n
R e a d D a ta
S y s te m
W a k e -u p
W a k e - u p O p tio n
PA0~PA3 Input/Output Ports
V
W e a k
P u ll- u p
D a ta B it
Q
D
D a ta B u s
W r ite D a ta
D D
P A 4 ~ P A 7
Q
C K
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d D a ta
S y s te m
W a k e -u p
W a k e - u p O p tio n
PA4~PA7 Input/Output Ports
V
D D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
D a ta B u s
P B 0 ~ P B 7
R e a d D a ta
PB Input Port
V
D a ta B u s
W r ite D a ta
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
D a ta B it
Q
D
C K
C h ip R e s e t
U A R T T X
W e a k
P u ll- u p
C M O S /N M O S
O p tio n
Q
S
F o rm
D D
M
U
P C 0 /T X
X
U A R T E N & T X E N
R e a d D a ta
PC0/TX Input/Output Port
Rev. 1.20
22
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
V
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
D a ta B it
Q
D
D a ta B u s
W r ite D a ta
C K
D D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
C M O S /N M O S
O p tio n
Q
S
C h ip R e s e t
U A R T E N
P C 1 /R X
& R X E N
R e a d D a ta
T o U A R T R X
PC1/RX Input/Output Port
V
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
D a ta B it
D a ta B u s
Q
D
W r ite D a ta
C K
D D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
C M O S /N M O S
O p tio n
Q
S
C h ip R e s e t
P C 2 ~ P C 7
PC2~PC7 Input/Output Ports
V
P D 0
P D 1
P D 2
P D 3
P D 4
P D 5
P D 6
D a ta B it
D a ta B u s
W r ite D a ta
Q
D
C K
D D
Q
S
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
/S E
G 4 0
G 4 1
G 4 2
G 4 3
G 4 4
G 4 5
G 4 6
C h ip R e s e t
PD Output Port
Rev. 1.20
23
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
C O M
LCD Display Memory
The device provides an area of embedded data memory
for the LCD display. This area is located from 40H to
6FH in Bank 1 of the data memory. The bank pointer, BP,
is used to switch between the general purpose data
memory and the LCD display memory. When BP has the
value ²01H², any data written into the locations
40H~6FH will influence the LCD display. When BP is
cleared to ²00H², any data written into the locations
40H~6FH will access the general purpose data memory.
The LCD display memory can be read and written to
only using the indirect addressing mode using memory
pointer MP1. When data is written into the display data
area, it is automatically read by the LCD driver which
then generates the corresponding LCD driving signals.
To turn the display on or off, a ²1² or a ²0² is written to
the corresponding bit of the display memory, respectively. The figure illustrates the mapping between the
display memory and the LCD pattern for the device.
4 0 H
4 1 H
4 2 H
4 3 H
6 D H
6 E H
6 F H
0
B it
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
S E G M E N T
0
1
2
3
4 5
4 6
4 7
Display Memory
48´2, 48´3 or 47´4 selected by configuration options,
i.e., 1/2 duty, 1/3 duty or 1/4 duty. There are two types of
biasing, ²R² type or ²C² type. If the ²R² bias type is selected, no external capacitors are required. If the ²C²
bias type is selected, a capacitor mounted between C1
and C2 pins is required. If 1/2 bias is selected, a capacitor mounted between the V2 pin and ground is required.
If 1/3 bias is selected, two capacitors are required to be
connected between the V1 and V2 pins and VSS. A suggested value of 0.1mF is recommended for all the capacitors.
LCD Driver Output
The output number of the LCD driver device can be
V A
V B
V C
C O M 0
V S S
V A
V B
V C
C O M 1
V S S
V A
V B
V C
C O M 2
V S S
V A
V B
C O M 3
V C
V S S
V A
V B
V C
L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 2 s id e lig h te d
V S S
N o te : 1 /4 d u ty , 1 /3 b ia s , C
ty p e : " V A " 3 /2 V L C D , " V B " V L C D , " V C " 1 /2 V L C D
1 /4 d u ty , 1 /3 b ia s , R
ty p e : "V A " V L C D , "V B " 2 /3 V L C D , "V C " 1 /3 V L C D
LCD Driver Output
Rev. 1.20
24
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
D u r in g a r e s e t p u ls e
V A
C O M 0 ,C O M 1 ,C O M 2
V B
V S S
V A
V B
V S S
A ll L C D d r iv e r o u tp u ts
N o r m a l o p e r a tio n m o d e
*
*
*
C O M 0
C O M 1
C O M 2 *
L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 ,1 ,2 s id e s a r e u n lig h te d
O n ly L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 s id e a r e lig h te d
O n ly L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 1 s id e a r e lig h te d
O n ly L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 2 s id e a r e lig h te d
L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 ,1 s id e s a r e lig h te d
L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 , 2 s id e s a r e lig h te d
L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 1 ,2 s id e s a r e lig h te d
L C D s e g m e n ts O N
C O M 0 ,1 ,2 s id e s a r e lig h te d
H A L T M o d e
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
V A
V B
V S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
V A
V B
V S S
V A
V B
V S S
C O M 0 ,C O M 1 ,C O M 2 *
A ll L C D d r iv e r o u tp u ts
N o te :
V A
" * " O m it th e C O M 2 s ig n a l, if th e 1 /2 d u ty L C D
V A = V L C D , V B = 1 /2 V L C D
is u s e d .
LCD Driver Output (1/3 Duty, 1/2 Bias, R/C Type)
Rev. 1.20
25
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
The LCD driver requires a clock source for proper operation. The LCD clock source is sourced from the general purpose prescaler whose frequency value is determined by configuration options. The LCD clock frequency should be selected to be as close to 4kHz as possible. The LCD clock frequency options are listed in the following table.
LCD Clock Source
Prescaler Stages
2
fS/2 ~fS/28
Same as WDT clock source fS
LCD Segments as Output Port
The SEG40~SEG46 lines, via individual configuration options, can be chosen to be either LCD segment outputs or PD
outputs. When a segment output is selected, the connection to the VMAX pin depends upon the bias and the voltage
that is applied to VLCD. The details are shown in the table. When used as a PD output, VMAX should be connected to
VDD.
LCD Type
R Type
Bias Type
VMAX
1/2 Bias
C Type
1/3 Bias
1/2 Bias
If VDD>VLCD, user should connect VMAX to VDD,
else connect VMAX to VLCD
1/3 Bias
If VDD> 3/2VLCD, user should connect VMAX to VDD,
else connect VMAX to V1
Low Voltage Reset/Detector Functions
The device contains low voltage detector, LVD, and low voltage reset, LVR, circuits. These two functions are enabled or
disabled using configuration options. If the configuration options enable the LVD, it can be further enabled or disabled
using software, by changing the value of the RTCC.3 bit. The RTCC.5 bit can be used to read the status of the LVD.
The Low Voltate Reset function, LVR, has the same effect as the external RES signal which executes a chip reset.Its
function is selected via a configuration option. When the device is in the power down mode, the LVR is disabled.
The RTCC register definitions are shown in the table.
Bit No.
Label
Read/Write
Function
0~2
RT0~RT2
R/W
8 to 1 multiplexer control inputs to select the real time clock prescaler output
3
LVDC
R/W
LVD enable/disable (1/0)
4
QOSC
R/W
32768Hz OSC quick start-up - 0/1: quick/slow start
5
LVDO
R
LVD detector output (1/0) - 1: low voltage detected
6, 7
¾
¾
Unused bit, read as ²0²
RTCC (09H) Register
Rev. 1.20
26
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
which can also be used as a general purpose I/O pin,
if the pin is not configured as a receiver, which occurs
if the RXEN bit in the UCR2 register is equal to zero.
Along with the UARTEN bit, the TXEN and RXEN bits,
if set, will automatically setup these I/O pins to their respective TX output and RX input conditions and disable any pull-high resistor option which may exist on
the RX pin.
UART Bus Serial Interface
The HT49RU80/HT49CU80 devices contain an integrated full-duplex asynchronous serial communications
UART interface that enables communication with external devices that contain a serial interface. The UART
function has many features and can transmit and receive data serially by transferring a frame of data with
eight or nine data bits per transmission as well as being
able to detect errors when the data is overwritten or incorrectly framed. The UART function possesses its own
internal interrupt which can be used to indicate when a
reception occurs or when a transmission terminates.
· UART data transfer scheme
The block diagram shows the overall data transfer
structure arrangement for the UART. The actual data
to be transmitted from the MCU is first transferred to
the TXR register by the application program. The data
will then be transferred to the Transmit Shift Register
from where it will be shifted out, LSB first, onto the TX
pin at a rate controlled by the Baud Rate Generator.
Only the TXR register is mapped onto the MCU Data
Memory, the Transmit Shift Register is not mapped
and is therefore inaccessible to the application program.
Data to be received by the UART is accepted on the
external RX pin, from where it is shifted in, LSB first, to
the Receiver Shift Register at a rate controlled by the
Baud Rate Generator. When the shift register is full,
the data will then be transferred from the shift register
to the internal RXR register, where it is buffered and
can be manipulated by the application program. Only
the RXR register is mapped onto the MCU Data Memory, the Receiver Shift Register is not mapped and is
therefore inaccessible to the application program.
It should be noted that the actual register for data
transmission and reception, although referred to in the
text, and in application programs, as separate TXR
and RXR registers, only exists as a single shared register in the Data Memory. This shared register known
as the TXR/RXR register is used for both data transmission and data reception.
· UART features
The integrated UART function contains the following
features:
¨
Full-duplex, asynchronous communication
¨
8 or 9 bits character length
¨
Even, odd or no parity options
¨
One or two stop bits
¨
Baud rate generator with 8-bit prescaler
¨
Parity, framing, noise and overrun error detection
¨
Support for interrupt on address detect
(last character bit=1)
¨
Separately enabled transmitter and receiver
¨
2-byte Deep Fifo Receive Data Buffer
¨
Transmit and receive interrupts
¨
Interrupts can be initialized by the following
conditions:
-
Transmitter Empty
-
Transmitter Idle
-
Receiver Full
-
Receiver Overrun
-
Address Mode Detect
· UART status and control registers
There are five control registers associated with the
UART function. The USR, UCR1 and UCR2 registers
control the overall function of the UART, while the
BRG register controls the Baud rate. The actual data
to be transmitted and received on the serial interface
is managed through the TXR/RXR data registers.
· UART external pin interfacing
To communicate with an external serial interface, the
internal UART has two external pins known as TX and
RX. The TX pin is the UART transmitter pin, which can
be used as a general purpose I/O pin if the pin is not
configured as a UART transmitter, which occurs when
the TXEN bit in the UCR2 control register is equal to
zero. Similarly, the RX pin is the UART receiver pin,
T r a n s m itte r S h ift R e g is te r
M S B
R e c e iv e r S h ift R e g is te r
L S B
T X P in
C L K
T X R
R e g is te r
M S B
R X P in
L S B
C L K
B a u d R a te
G e n e ra to r
R X R R e g is te r
B u ffe r
M C U D a ta B u s
UART Data Transfer Scheme
Rev. 1.20
27
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
· USR register
RXIF flag is cleared when the USR register is read
with RXIF set, followed by a read from the RXR register, and if the RXR register has no data available.
The USR register is the status register for the UART,
which can be read by the program to determine the
present status of the UART. All flags within the USR
register are read only.
Further explanation on each of the flags is given below:
¨
¨
¨
TXIF
The TXIF flag is the transmit data register empty
flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates that
the character is not transferred to the transmit shift
registers. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that the
transmit shift register has received a character from
the TXR data register. The TXIF flag is cleared by
reading the UART status register (USR) with TXIF
set and then writing to the TXR data register. Note
that when the TXEN bit is set, the TXIF flag bit will
also be set since the transmit buffer is not yet full.
TIDLE
The TIDLE flag is known as the transmission complete flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates
that a transmission is in progress. This flag will be
set to ²1² when the TXIF flag is ²1² and when there
is no transmit data, or break character being transmitted. When TIDLE is ²1² the TX pin becomes idle.
The TIDLE flag is cleared by reading the USR register with TIDLE set and then writing to the TXR register. The flag is not generated when a data character,
or a break is queued and ready to be sent.
RXIF
The RXIF flag is the receive register status flag.
When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates that the
RXR read data register is empty. When the flag is
²1² it indicates that the RXR read data register contains new data. When the contents of the shift register are transferred to the RXR register, an interrupt
is generated if RIE=1 in the UCR2 register. If one or
more errors are detected in the received word, the
appropriate receive-related flags NF, FERR, and/or
PERR are set within the same clock cycle. The
b 7
P E R R
¨
RIDLE
The RIDLE flag is the receiver status flag. When this
read only flag is ²0² it indicates that the receiver is
between the initial detection of the start bit and the
completion of the stop bit. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that the receiver is idle. Between the completion of the stop bit and the detection of the next
start bit, the RIDLE bit is ²1² indicating that the
UART is idle.
¨
OERR
The OERR flag is the overrun error flag, which indicates when the receiver buffer has overflowed.
When this read only flag is ²0² there is no overrun error. When the flag is ²1² an overrun error occurs
which will inhibit further transfers to the RXR receive
data register. The flag is cleared by a software sequence, which is a read to the status register USR
followed by an access to the RXR data register.
¨
FERR
The FERR flag is the framing error flag. When this
read only flag is ²0² it indicates no framing error.
When the flag is ²1² it indicates that a framing error
has been detected for the current character. The
flag can also be cleared by a software sequence
which will involve a read to the USR status register
followed by an access to the RXR data register.
¨
NF
The NF flag is the noise flag. When this read only
flag is ²0² it indicates a no noise condition. When
the flag is ²1² it indicates that the UART has detected noise on the receiver input. The NF flag is set
during the same cycle as the RXIF flag but will not
be set in the case of an overrun. The NF flag can be
cleared by a software sequence which will involve a
read to the USR status register, followed by an access to the RXR data register.
b 0
N F
F E R R
O E R R
R ID L E
R X IF
T ID L E
T X IF
U S R
R e g is te r
T r a n s m it d a ta r e g is te r e m p ty
1 : c h a r a c te r tr a n s fe r r e d to tr a n s m it s h ift r e g is te r
0 : c h a r a c te r n o t tr a n s fe r r e d to tr a n s m it s h ift r e g is te r
T r a n s m is s io n id le
1 : n o tr a n s m is s io n in p r o g r e s s
0 : tr a n s m is s io n in p r o g r e s s
R e c e iv e R X R r e g is te r s ta tu s
1 : R X R r e g is te r h a s a v a ila b le d a ta
0 : R X R r e g is te r is e m p ty
R e c e iv e r s ta tu s
1 : r e c e iv e r is id le
0 : d a ta b e in g r e c e iv e d
O v e rru n e rro r
1 : o v e rru n e rro r d e te c te d
0 : n o o v e rru n e rro r d e te c te d
F r a m in g e r r o r fla g
1 : fr a m in g e r r o r d e te c te d
0 : n o fr a m in g e r r o r
N o is e fla g
1 : n o is e d e te c te d
0 : n o n o is e d e te c te d
P a r ity e r r o r fla g
1 : p a r ity e r r o r d e te c te d
0 : n o p a r ity e r r o r d e te c te d
Rev. 1.20
28
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
¨
used, if the bit is equal to ²0² then only one stop bit is
used.
PERR
The PERR flag is the parity error flag. When this
read only flag is ²0² it indicates that a parity error
has not been detected. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that the parity of the received word is incorrect. This error flag is applicable only if Parity mode
(odd or even) is selected. The flag can also be
cleared by a software sequence which involves a
read to the USR status register, followed by an access to the RXR data register.
· UCR1 register
The UCR1 register together with the UCR2 register
are the two UART control registers that are used to set
the various options for the UART function, such as
overall on/off control, parity control, data transfer bit
length etc.
¨
PRT
This is the parity type selection bit. When this bit is
equal to ²1² odd parity will be selected, if the bit is
equal to ²0² then even parity will be selected.
¨
PREN
This is parity enable bit. When this bit is equal to ²1²
the parity function will be enabled, if the bit is equal
to ²0² then the parity function will be disabled.
¨
BNO
This bit is used to select the data length format,
which can have a choice of either 8-bits or 9-bits. If
this bit is equal to ²1² then a 9-bit data length will be
selected, if the bit is equal to ²0² then an 8-bit data
length will be selected. If 9-bit data length is selected then bits RX8 and TX8 will be used to store
the 9th bit of the received and transmitted data respectively.
¨
UARTEN
The UARTEN bit is the UART enable bit. When the
bit is ²0² the UART will be disabled and the RX and
TX pins will function as General Purpose I/O pins.
When the bit is ²1² the UART will be enabled and
the TX and RX pins will function as defined by the
TXEN and RXEN control bits. When the UART is
disabled it will empty the buffer so any character remaining in the buffer will be discarded. In addition,
the baud rate counter value will be reset. When the
UART is disabled, all error and status flags will be
reset. The TXEN, RXEN, TXBRK, RXIF, OERR,
FERR, PERR, and NF bits will be cleared, while the
TIDLE, TXIF and RIDLE bits will be set. Other control bits in UCR1, UCR2, and BRG registers will remain unaffected. If the UART is active and the
UARTEN bit is cleared, all pending transmissions
and receptions will be terminated and the module
will be reset as defined above. When the UART is
re-enabled it will restart in the same configuration.
Further explanation on each of the bits is given below:
¨
TX8
This bit is only used if 9-bit data transfers are used,
in which case this bit location will store the 9th bit of
the transmitted data, known as TX8. The BNO bit is
used to determine whether data transfers are in
8-bit or 9-bit format.
¨
RX8
This bit is only used if 9-bit data transfers are used,
in which case this bit location will store the 9th bit of
the received data, known as RX8. The BNO bit is
used to determine whether data transfers are in
8-bit or 9-bit format.
¨
TXBRK
The TXBRK bit is the Transmit Break Character bit.
When this bit is ²0² there are no break characters
and the TX pin operates normally. When the bit is
²1² there are transmit break characters and the
transmitter will send logic zeros. When equal to ²1²
after the buffered data has been transmitted, the
transmitter output is held low for a minimum of a
13-bit length and until the TXBRK bit is reset.
¨
STOPS
This bit determines if one or two stop bits are to be
used. When this bit is equal to ²1² two stop bits are
b 7
U A R T E N
b 0
B N O
P R E N
P R T
S T O P S
T X B R K
R X 8
T X 8
U C R 1 R e g is te r
T r a n s m it d a ta b it 8 ( w r ite o n ly )
R e c e iv e d a ta b it 8 ( r e a d o n ly )
T r a n s m it b r e a k c h a r a c te r
1 : tr a n s m it b r e a k c h a r a c te r s
0 : n o b re a k c h a ra c te rs
D e fin e s th e n u m b e r o f s to p b its
1 : tw o s to p b its
0 : o n e s to p b it
P a r ity ty p e b it
1 : o d d p a r ity fo r p a r ity g e n e r a to r
0 : e v e n p a r ity fo r p a r ity g e n e r a to r
P a r ity e n a b le b it
1 : p a r ity fu n c tio n e n a b le d
0 : p a r ity fu n c tio n d is a b le d
N u m b e r o f d a ta tr a n s fe r b its
1 : 9 - b it d a ta tr a n s fe r
0 : 8 - b it d a ta tr a n s fe r
U A R T e n a b le b it
1 : e n a b le U A R T , T X & R X p in s a s U A R T p in s
0 : d is a b le U A R T , T X & R X p in s a s I/O p o r t p in s
Rev. 1.20
29
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
· UCR2 register
to ²0² and if the MCU is in the Power Down Mode,
any edge transitions on the RX pin will not wake-up
the device.
The UCR2 register is the second of the two UART
control registers and serves several purposes. One of
its main functions is to control the basic enable/disable operation of the UART Transmitter and Receiver
as well as enabling the various UART interrupt
sources. The register also serves to control the baud
rate speed, receiver wake-up enable and the address
detect enable.
Further explanation on each of the bits is given below:
¨
ADDEN
The ADDEN bit is the address detect mode bit.
When this bit is ²1² the address detect mode is enabled. When this occurs, if the 8th bit, which corresponds to RX7 if BNO=0, or the 9th bit, which
corresponds to RX8 if BNO=1, has a value of ²1²
then the received word will be identified as an address, rather than data. If the corresponding interrupt is enabled, an interrupt request will be
generated each time the received word has the address bit set, which is the 8 or 9 bit depending on the
value of BNO. If the address bit is ²0² an interrupt
will not be generated, and the received data will be
discarded.
¨
TEIE
This bit enables or disables the transmitter empty
interrupt. If this bit is equal to ²1² when the transmitter empty TXIF flag is set, due to a transmitter
empty condition, the UART interrupt request flag
will be set. If this bit is equal to ²0² the UART interrupt request flag will not be influenced by the condition of the TXIF flag.
¨
¨
TIIE
This bit enables or disables the transmitter idle interrupt. If this bit is equal to ²1² when the transmitter
idle TIDLE flag is set, the UART interrupt request
flag will be set. If this bit is equal to ²0² the UART interrupt request flag will not be influenced by the
condition of the TIDLE flag.
BRGH
The BRGH bit selects the high or low speed mode
of the Baud Rate Generator. This bit, together with
the value placed in the BRG register, controls the
Baud Rate of the UART. If this bit is equal to ²1² the
high speed mode is selected. If the bit is equal to ²0²
the low speed mode is selected.
¨
¨
RIE
This bit enables or disables the receiver interrupt. If
this bit is equal to ²1² when the receiver overrun
OERR flag or receive data available RXIF flag is
set, the UART interrupt request flag will be set. If
this bit is equal to ²0² the UART interrupt will not be
influenced by the condition of the OERR or RXIF
flags.
¨
WAKE
This bit enables or disables the receiver wake-up
function. If this bit is equal to ²1² and if the MCU is in
the Power Down Mode, a low going edge on the RX
input pin will wake-up the device. If this bit is equal
RXEN
The RXEN bit is the Receiver Enable Bit. When this
bit is equal to ²0² the receiver will be disabled with
any pending data receptions being aborted. In addition the buffer will be reset. In this situation the RX
pin can be used as a general purpose I/O pin. If the
RXEN bit is equal to ²1² the receiver will be enabled
and if the UARTEN bit is equal to ²1² the RX pin will
be controlled by the UART. Clearing the RXEN bit
during a transmission will cause the data reception
to be aborted and will reset the receiver. If this occurs, the RX pin can be used as a general purpose
I/O pin.
b 7
T X E N
b 0
R X E N
B R G H
A D D E N
W A K E
R IE
T IIE
T E IE
U C R 2 R e g is te r
T r a n s m itte r e m p ty in te r r u p t e n a b le
1 : T X IF in te r r u p t r e q u e s t e n a b le
0 : T X IF in te r r u p t r e q u e s t d is a b le
T r a n s m itte r id le in te r r u p t e n a b le
1 : T ID L E in te r r u p t r e q u e s t e n a b le
0 : T ID L E in te r r u p t r e q u e s t d is a b le
R e c e iv e r in te r r u p t e n a b le
1 : R X IF in te r r u p t r e q u e s t e n a b le
0 : R X IF in te r r u p t r e q u e s t d is a b le
D e fin e s th e R X w a k e u p e n a b le
1 : R X w a k e u p e n a b le ( fa llin g e d g e )
0 : R X w a k e u p d is a b le
A d d re s s d e te c t m o d e
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
H ig h b a u d r a te s e le c t b it
1 : h ig h s p e e d
0 : lo w s p e e d
R e c e iv e r e n a b le b it
1 : r e c e iv e r e n a b le
0 : r e c e iv e r d is a b le
T r a n s m itte r e n a b le b it
1 : tr a n s m itte r e n a b le
0 : tr a n s m itte r d is a b le
Rev. 1.20
30
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
¨
TXEN
The TXEN bit is the Transmitter Enable Bit. When
this bit is equal to ²0² the transmitter will be disabled
with any pending transmissions being aborted. In
addition the buffer will be reset. In this situation the
TX pin can be used as a general purpose I/O pin. If
the TXEN bit is equal to ²1² the transmitter will be
enabled and if the UARTEN bit is equal to ²1² the
TX pin will be controlled by the UART. Clearing the
TXEN bit during a transmission will cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the transmitter.
If this occurs, the TX pin can be used as a general
purpose I/O pin.
By programming the BRGH bit which allows selection
of the related formula and programming the required
value in the BRG register, the required baud rate can
be setup. Note that because the actual baud rate is
determined using a discrete value, N, placed in the
BRG register, there will be an error associated between the actual and requested value. The following
example shows how the BRG register value N and the
error value can be calculated.
Calculating the register and error values
For a clock frequency of 8MHz, and with BRGH set to
²0² determine the BRG register value N, the actual
baud rate and the error value for a desired baud rate
of 9600.
From the above table the desired baud rate BR
fSYS
=
[64 (N + 1)]
· Baud rate generator
To setup the speed of the serial data communication,
the UART function contains its own dedicated baud
rate generator. The baud rate is controlled by its own
internal free running 8-bit timer, the period of which is
determined by two factors. The first of these is the
value placed in the BRG register and the second is the
value of the BRGH bit within the UCR2 control register. The BRGH bit decides, if the baud rate generator
is to be used in a high speed mode or low speed
mode, which in turn determines the formula that is
used to calculate the baud rate. The value in the BRG
register determines the division factor, N, which is
used in the following baud rate calculation formula.
Note that N is the decimal value placed in the BRG
register and has a range of between 0 and 255.
Giving a value for N =
8000000
- 1 = 12.0208
(9600x 64)
To obtain the closest value, a decimal value of 12
should be placed into the BRG register. This gives an
actual or calculated baud rate value of
8000000
= 9615
BR =
[64(12 + 1)]
Therefore the error is equal to
UCR2 BRGH Bit
Baud Rate
0
1
fSYS
[64 (N + 1)]
fSYS
[16 (N + 1)]
fSYS
-1
(BRx64)
Re-arranging this equation gives N =
-
9 6 1 5
9 6 0 0
9 6 0 0
= 0.16%
The following tables show actual values of baud rate and error values for the two values of BRGH.
Baud
Rate
K/BPS
Baud Rates for BRGH=0
fSYS=8MHz
fSYS=7.159MHz
fSYS=4MHz
fSYS=3.579545MHz
BRG
Kbaud
Error
BRG
Kbaud
Error
BRG
Kbaud
Error
BRG
Kbaud
Error
0.3
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
207
0.300
0.00
185
0.300
0.00
1.2
103
1.202
0.16
92
1.203
0.23
51
1.202
0.16
46
1.19
-0.83
2.4
51
2.404
0.16
46
2.38
-0.83
25
2.404
0.16
22
2.432
1.32
4.8
25
4.807
0.16
22
4.863
1.32
12
4.808
0.16
11
4.661
-2.9
9.6
12
9.615
0.16
11
9.322
-2.9
6
8.929
-6.99
5
9.321
-2.9
19.2
6
17.857
-6.99
5
18.64
-2.9
2
20.83
8.51
2
18.643
-2.9
38.4
2
41.667
8.51
2
37.29
-2.9
1
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
57.6
1
62.5
8.51
1
55.93
-2.9
0
62.5
8.51
0
55.93
-2.9
115.2
0
125
8.51
0
111.86
-2.9
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Baud Rates and Error Values for BRGH = 0
Rev. 1.20
31
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Baud
Rate
K/BPS
Baud Rates for BRGH=1
fSYS=8MHz
fSYS=7.159MHz
fSYS=4MHz
fSYS=3.579545MHz
BRG
Kbaud
Error
BRG
Kbaud
Error
BRG
Kbaud
Error
BRG
Kbaud
Error
0.3
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
1.2
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
207
1.202
0.16
185
1.203
0.23
2.4
207
2.404
0.16
185
2.405
0.23
103
2.404
0.16
92
2.406
0.23
4.8
103
4.808
0.16
92
4.811
0.23
51
4.808
0.16
46
4.76
-0.83
9.6
51
9.615
0.16
46
9.520
-0.832
25
9.615
0.16
22
9.727
1.32
19.2
25
19.231
0.16
22
19.454
1.32
12
19.231
0.16
11
18.643
-2.9
38.4
12
38.462
0.16
11
37.287
-2.9
6
35.714
-6.99
5
37.286
-2.9
57.6
8
55.556
-3.55
7
55.93
-2.9
3
62.5
8.51
3
55.930
-2.9
115.2
3
125
8.51
3
111.86
-2.9
1
125
8.51
1
111.86
-2.9
250
1
250
0
¾
¾
¾
0
250
0
¾
¾
¾
Baud Rates and Error Values for BRGH = 1
· Setting up and controlling the UART
¨
¨
Clearing the UARTEN bit will disable the TX and RX
pins and allow these two pins to be used as normal
I/O pins. When the UART function is disabled the
buffer will be reset to an empty condition, at the
same time discarding any remaining residual data.
Disabling the UART will also reset the error and status flags with bits TXEN, RXEN, TXBRK, RXIF,
OERR, FERR, PERR and NF being cleared while
bits TIDLE, TXIF and RIDLE will be set. The remaining control bits in the UCR1, UCR2 and BRG registers will remain unaffected. If the UARTEN bit in the
UCR1 register is cleared while the UART is active,
then all pending transmissions and receptions will
be immediately suspended and the UART will be reset to a condition as defined above. If the UART is
then subsequently re-enabled, it will restart again in
the same configuration.
Introduction
For data transfer, the UART function utilizes a
non-return-to-zero, more commonly known as NRZ,
format. This is composed of one start bit, eight or
nine data bits, and one or two stop bits. Parity is
supported by the UART hardware, and can be
setup to be even, odd or no parity. For the most
common data format, 8 data bits along with no parity and one stop bit, denoted as 8, N, 1, is used as
the default setting, which is the setting at power-on.
The number of data bits and stop bits, along with the
parity, are setup by programming the corresponding
BNO, PRT, PREN, and STOPS bits in the UCR1
register. The baud rate used to transmit and receive
data is setup using the internal 8-bit baud rate generator, while the data is transmitted and received
LSB first. Although the UART¢s transmitter and receiver are functionally independent, they both use
the same data format and baud rate. In all cases
stop bits will be used for data transmission.
¨
Enabling/disabling the UART
The basic on/off function of the internal UART function is controlled using the UARTEN bit in the UCR1
register. As the UART transmit and receive pins, TX
and RX respectively, are pin-shared with normal I/O
pins, one of the basic functions of the UARTEN control bit is to control the UART function of these two
pins. If the UARTEN, TXEN and RXEN bits are set,
then these two I/O pins will be setup as a TX output
pin and an RX input pin respectively, in effect disabling the normal I/O pin function. If no data is being
transmitted on the TX pin then it will default to a
logic high value.
Rev. 1.20
32
Data, parity and stop bit selection
The format of the data to be transferred, is composed of various factors such as data bit length,
parity on/off, parity type, address bits and the number of stop bits. These factors are determined by
the setup of various bits within the UCR1 register.
The BNO bit controls the number of data bits which
can be set to either 8 or 9, the PRT bit controls the
choice of odd or even parity, the PREN bit controls
the parity on/off function and the STOPS bit decides
whether one or two stop bits are to be used. The following table shows various formats for data transmission. The address bit identifies the frame as an
address character. The number of stop bits, which
can be either one or two, is independent of the data
length.
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Start
Bit
Data
Bits
Address
Bits
Parity
Bits
Stop
Bit
¨
Example of 8-bit Data Formats
1
8
0
0
1
1
7
0
1
1
7
1
0
1
1
1
Example of 9-bit Data Formats
1
9
0
0
1
1
8
0
1
1
1
8
11
0
1
Transmitting data
When the UART is transmitting data, the data is
shifted on the TX pin from the shift register, with the
least significant bit first. In the transmit mode, the
TXR register forms a buffer between the internal
bus and the transmitter shift register. It should be
noted that if 9-bit data format has been selected,
then the MSB will be taken from the TX8 bit in the
UCR1 register. The steps to initiate a data transfer
can be summarized as follows:
-
Make the correct selection of the BNO, PRT,
PREN and STOPS bits to define the required
word length, parity type and number of stop bits.
-
Setup the BRG register to select the desired baud
rate.
-
Set the TXEN bit to ensure that the TX pin is used
as a UART transmitter pin and not as an I/O pin.
-
Access the USR register and write the data that is
to be transmitted into the TXR register. Note that
this step will clear the TXIF bit.
-
This sequence of events can now be repeated to
send additional data.
Transmitter Receiver Data Format
The following diagram shows the transmit and receive
waveforms for both 8-bit and 9-bit data formats.
· UART transmitter
Data word lengths of either 8 or 9 bits, can be selected
by programming the BNO bit in the UCR1 register.
When BNO bit is set, the word length will be set to 9
bits. In this case the 9th bit, which is the MSB, needs
to be stored in the TX8 bit in the UCR1 register. At the
transmitter core lies the Transmitter Shift Register,
more commonly known as the TSR, whose data is obtained from the transmit data register, which is known
as the TXR register. The data to be transmitted is
loaded into this TXR register by the application program. The TSR register is not written to with new data
until the stop bit from the previous transmission has
been sent out. As soon as this stop bit has been transmitted, the TSR can then be loaded with new data
from the TXR register, if it is available. It should be
noted that the TSR register, unlike many other registers, is not directly mapped into the Data Memory area
and as such is not available to the application program
for direct read/write operations. An actual transmission of data will normally be enabled when the TXEN
bit is set, but the data will not be transmitted until the
TXR register has been loaded with data and the baud
rate generator has defined a shift clock source. However, the transmission can also be initiated by first
loading data into the TXR register, after which the
TXEN bit can be set. When a transmission of data begins, the TSR is normally empty, in which case a
transfer to the TXR register will result in an immediate
transfer to the TSR. If during a transmission the TXEN
bit is cleared, the transmission will immediately cease
and the transmitter will be reset. The TX output pin will
then return to having a normal general purpose I/O pin
function.
It should be noted that when TXIF=0, data will be inhibited from being written to the TXR register. Clearing the TXIF flag is always achieved using the
following software sequence:
1. A USR register access
2. A TXR register write execution
The read-only TXIF flag is set by the UART hardware and if set indicates that the TXR register is
empty and that other data can now be written into
the TXR register without overwriting the previous
data. If the TEIE bit is set then the TXIF flag will generate an interrupt.
During a data transmission, a write instruction to the
TXR register will place the data into the TXR register, which will be copied to the shift register at the
end of the present transmission. When there is no
data transmission in progress, a write instruction to
the TXR register will place the data directly into the
shift register, resulting in the commencement of
data transmission, and the TXIF bit being immediately set. When a frame transmission is complete,
which happens after stop bits are sent or after the
break frame, the TIDLE bit will be set. To clear the
TIDLE bit the following software sequence is used:
1. A USR register access
2. A TXR register write execution
Note that both the TXIF and TIDLE bits are cleared
by the same software sequence.
P a r ity B it
S ta r t B it
B it 0
B it 1
B it 2
B it 3
B it 4
B it 5
B it 6
B it 7
S to p B it
N e x t
S ta rt
B it
8 -B it D a ta F o r m a t
P a r ity B it
S ta r t B it
B it 0
B it 1
B it 2
B it 3
B it 4
B it 5
B it 6
B it 7
B it 8
S to p B it
N e x t
S ta rt
B it
9 -B it D a ta F o r m a t
Rev. 1.20
33
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
¨
-
Transmit break
If the TXBRK bit is set then break characters will be
sent on the next transmission. Break character
transmission consists of a start bit, followed by 13´
N ¢0¢ bits and stop bits, where N=1, 2, etc. If a break
character is to be transmitted then the TXBRK bit
must be first set by the application program, then
cleared to generate the stop bits. Transmitting a
break character will not generate a transmit interrupt. Note that a break condition length is at least 13
bits long. If the TXBRK bit is continually kept at a
logic high level then the transmitter circuitry will
transmit continuous break characters. After the application program has cleared the TXBRK bit, the
transmitter will finish transmitting the last break
character and subsequently send out one or two
stop bits. The automatic logic highs at the end of the
last break character will ensure that the start bit of
the next frame is recognized.
At this point the receiver will be enabled which will
begin to look for a start bit.
When a character is received the following sequence of events will occur:
-
The RXIF bit in the USR register will be set when
RXR register has data available, at least one
more character can be read.
-
When the contents of the shift register have been
transferred to the RXR register, then if the RIE bit
is set, an interrupt will be generated.
-
If during reception, a frame error, noise error, parity error, or an overrun error has been detected,
then the error flags can be set.
The RXIF bit can be cleared using the following
software sequence:
· UART receiver
¨
¨
1. A USR register access
2. An RXR register read execution
Introduction
The UART is capable of receiving word lengths of either 8 or 9 bits. If the BNO bit is set, the word length
will be set to 9 bits with the MSB being stored in the
RX8 bit of the UCR1 register. At the receiver core lies
the Receive Serial Shift Register, commonly known
as the RSR. The data which is received on the RX
external input pin, is sent to the data recovery block.
The data recovery block operating speed is 16 times
that of the baud rate, while the main receive serial
shifter operates at the baud rate. After the RX pin is
sampled for the stop bit, the received data in RSR is
transferred to the receive data register, if the register
is empty. The data which is received on the external
RX input pin is sampled three times by a majority detect circuit to determine the logic level that has been
placed onto the RX pin. It should be noted that the
RSR register, unlike many other registers, is not directly mapped into the Data Memory area and as
such is not available to the application program for
direct read/write operations.
¨
Receiving data
When the UART receiver is receiving data, the data
is serially shifted in on the external RX input pin,
LSB first. In the read mode, the RXR register forms
a buffer between the internal bus and the receiver
shift register. The RXR register is a two byte deep
FIFO data buffer, where two bytes can be held in the
FIFO while a third byte can continue to be received.
Note that the application program must ensure that
the data is read from RXR before the third byte has
been completely shifted in, otherwise this third byte
will be discarded and an overrun error OERR will be
subsequently indicated. The steps to initiate a data
transfer can be summarized as follows:
-
Make the correct selection of BNO, PRT, PREN
and STOPS bits to define the word length, parity
type and number of stop bits.
-
Setup the BRG register to select the desired baud
rate.
Rev. 1.20
Set the RXEN bit to ensure that the RX pin is used
as a UART receiver pin and not as an I/O pin.
¨
34
Receive break
Any break character received by the UART will be
managed as a framing error. The receiver will count
and expect a certain number of bit times as specified by the values programmed into the BNO and
STOPS bits. If the break is much longer than 13 bit
times, the reception will be considered as complete
after the number of bit times specified by BNO and
STOPS. The RXIF bit is set, FERR is set, zeros are
loaded into the receive data register, interrupts are
generated if appropriate and the RIDLE bit is set. If
a long break signal has been detected and the receiver has received a start bit, the data bits and the
invalid stop bit, which sets the FERR flag, the receiver must wait for a valid stop bit before looking
for the next start bit. The receiver will not make the
assumption that the break condition on the line is
the next start bit. A break is regarded as a character
that contains only zeros with the FERR flag set. The
break character will be loaded into the buffer and no
further data will be received until stop bits are received. It should be noted that the RIDLE read only
flag will go high when the stop bits have not yet
been received. The reception of a break character
on the UART registers will result in the following:
-
The framing error flag, FERR, will be set.
-
The receive data register, RXR, will be cleared.
-
The OERR, NF, PERR, RIDLE or RXIF flags will
possibly be set.
Idle status
When the receiver is reading data, which means it
will be in between the detection of a start bit and the
reading of a stop bit, the receiver status flag in the
USR register, otherwise known as the RIDLE flag,
will have a zero value. In between the reception of a
stop bit and the detection of the next start bit, the
RIDLE flag will have a high value, which indicates
the receiver is in an idle condition.
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
¨
-
Receiver interrupt
The read only receive interrupt flag RXIF in the USR
register is set by an edge generated by the receiver.
An interrupt is generated if RIE=1, when a word is
transferred from the Receive Shift Register, RSR, to
the Receive Data Register, RXR. An overrun error
can also generate an interrupt if RIE=1.
No interrupt will be generated. However this bit
rises at the same time as the RXIF bit which itself
generates an interrupt.
Note that the NF flag is reset by a USR register read
operation followed by an RXR register read
operation.
¨
Framing Error - FERR Flag
The read only framing error flag, FERR, in the USR
register, is set if a zero is detected instead of stop
bits. If two stop bits are selected, both stop bits must
be high, otherwise the FERR flag will be set. The
FERR flag is buffered along with the received data
and is cleared on any reset.
¨
Parity Error - PERR Flag
The read only parity error flag, PERR, in the USR
register, is set if the parity of the received word is incorrect. This error flag is only applicable if the parity
is enabled, PREN = 1, and if the parity type, odd or
even is selected. The read only PERR flag is buffered along with the received data bytes. It is
cleared on any reset. It should be noted that the
FERR and PERR flags are buffered along with the
corresponding word and should be read before
reading the data word.
· Managing receiver errors
Several types of reception errors can occur within the
UART module, the following section describes the
various types and how they are managed by the
UART.
¨
Overrun Error - OERR flag
The RXR register is composed of a two byte deep
FIFO data buffer, where two bytes can be held in the
FIFO register, while a third byte can continue to be
received. Before this third byte has been entirely
shifted in, the data should be read from the RXR
register. If this is not done, the overrun error flag
OERR will be consequently indicated.
In the event of an overrun error occurring, the following will happen:
-
The OERR flag in the USR register will be set.
-
The RXR contents will not be lost.
-
The shift register will be overwritten.
· UART interrupt scheme
The UART internal function possesses its own internal
interrupt and independent interrupt vector. Several individual UART conditions can generate an internal
UART interrupt. These conditions are, a transmitter
data register empty, transmitter idle, receiver data
available, receiver overrun, address detect and an RX
pin wake-up. When any of these conditions are created, if the UART interrupt is enabled and the stack is
not full, the program will jump to the UART interrupt
vector where it can be serviced before returning to the
main program. Four of these conditions, have a corresponding USR register flag, which will generate a
UART interrupt if its associated interrupt enable flag in
-
An interrupt will be generated if the RIE bit is set.
The OERR flag can be cleared by an access to the
USR register followed by a read to the RXR register.
¨
Noise Error - NF Flag
Over-sampling is used for data recovery to identify
valid incoming data and noise. If noise is detected
within a frame the following will occur:
-
The read only noise flag, NF, in the USR register
will be set on the rising edge of the RXIF bit.
-
Data will be transferred from the Shift register to
the RXR register.
U C R 2 R e g is te r
U S R R e g is te r
0
T E IE
T r a n s m itte r E m p ty
F la g T X IF
1
IN T C 1
R e g is te r
U A R T In te rru p t
R e q u e s t F la g
U R F
0
T IIE
T r a n s m itte r Id le
F la g T ID L E
1
R e c e iv e r O v e r r u n
F la g O E R R
R e c e iv e r D a ta
A v a ila b le R X IF
E M I
0
R IE
O R
E U R I
IN T C 0
R e g is te r
1
0
A D D E N
1
0
1
R X P in
W a k e -u p
0
W A K E
R X 7 if B N O = 0
R X 8 if B N O = 1
1
U C R 2 R e g is te r
UART Interrupt Scheme
Rev. 1.20
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HT49RU80/HT49CU80
exclusive functions. Therefore if the address detect
mode is enabled, then to ensure correct operation, the
parity function should be disabled by resetting the parity enable bit to zero.
the UCR2 register is set. The two transmitter interrupt
conditions have their own corresponding enable bits,
while the two receiver interrupt conditions have a
shared enable bit. These enable bits can be used to
mask out individual UART interrupt sources.
The address detect condition, which is also a UART
interrupt source, does not have an associated flag,
but will generate a UART interrupt when an address
detect condition occurs if its function is enabled by
setting the ADDEN bit in the UCR2 register. An RX pin
wake-up, which is also a UART interrupt source, does
not have an associated flag, but will generate a UART
interrupt if the microcontroller is woken up by a low going edge on the RX pin, if the WAKE and RIE bits in
the UCR2 register are set. Note that in the event of an
RX wake-up interrupt occurring, there will be a delay
of 1024 system clock cycles before the system resumes normal operation.
ADDEN
0
1
0
Ö
1
Ö
0
X
1
Ö
ADDEN Bit Function
· UART operation in power down mode
When the MCU is in the Power Down Mode the UART
will cease to function. When the device enters the
Power Down Mode, all clock sources to the module
are shutdown. If the MCU enters the Power Down
Mode while a transmission is still in progress, then the
transmission will be terminated and the external TX
transmit pin will be forced to a logic high level. In a
similar way, if the MCU enters the Power Down Mode
while receiving data, then the reception of data will
likewise be terminated. When the MCU enters the
Power Down Mode, note that the USR, UCR1, UCR2,
transmit and receive registers, as well as the BRG
register will not be affected.
The UART function contains a receiver RX pin
wake-up function, which is enabled or disabled by the
WAKE bit in the UCR2 register. If this bit, along with
the UART enable bit, UARTEN, the receiver enable
bit, RXEN and the receiver interrupt bit, RIE, are all set
before the MCU enters the Power Down Mode, then a
falling edge on the RX pin will wake-up the MCU from
the Power Down Mode. Note that as it takes 1024 system clock cycles after a wake-up, before normal
microcontroller operation resumes, any data received
during this time on the RX pin will be ignored.
For a UART wake-up interrupt to occur, in addition to
the bits for the wake-up being set, the global interrupt
enable bit, EMI, and the UART interrupt enable bit,
EURI must also be set. If these two bits are not set
then only a wake up event will occur and no interrupt
will be generated. Note also that as it takes 1024 system clock cycles after a wake-up before normal
microcontroller resumes, the UART interrupt will not
be generated until after this time has elapsed.
Note that the USR register flags are read only and
cannot be cleared or set by the application program,
neither will they be cleared when the program jumps
to the corresponding interrupt servicing routine, as is
the case for some of the other interrupts. The flags will
be cleared automatically when certain actions are
taken by the UART, the details of which are given in
the UART register section. The overall UART interrupt
can be disabled or enabled by the EURI bit in the
INTC1 interrupt control register to prevent a UART interrupt from occurring.
· Address detect mode
Setting the Address Detect Mode bit, ADDEN, in the
UCR2 register, enables this special mode. If this bit is
enabled then an additional qualifier will be placed on
the generation of a Receiver Data Available interrupt,
which is requested by the RXIF flag. If the ADDEN bit
is enabled, then when data is available, an interrupt
will only be generated, if the highest received bit has a
high value. Note that the EURI and EMI interrupt enable bits must also be enabled for correct interrupt
generation. This highest address bit is the 9th bit if
BNO=1 or the 8th bit if BNO=0. If this bit is high, then
the received word will be defined as an address rather
than data. A Data Available interrupt will be generated
every time the last bit of the received word is set. If the
ADDEN bit is not enabled, then a Receiver Data Available interrupt will be generated each time the RXIF
flag is set, irrespective of the data last bit status. The
address detect mode and parity enable are mutually
Rev. 1.20
Bit 9 if BNO=1, UART Interrupt
Bit 8 if BNO=0
Generated
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HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Configuration Options
The following shows the options in the device. All these options should be defined in order to ensure proper functioning
system.Configuration options refer to certain options within the MCU that are programmed into the device during the
programming process. During the development process, these options are selected using the HT-IDE software development tools. As these options are programmed into the device using the hardware programming tools, once they are
selected they cannot be changed later as the application software has no control over the configuration options. All options must be defined for proper system function, the details of which are shown in the table.
Options
I/O Options
PA0~PA7 wake-up enable/disable
PA0~PA3 CMOS/NMOS selection
PA0~PA3 pull-high enable/disable
PC0~PC3 CMOS/NMOS selection
PC4~PC7 CMOS/NMOS selection
PC0~PC3 pull-high enable/disable
PC4~PC7 pull-high enable/disable
Watchdog Options
WDT function: enable or disable
CLRWDT instructions: one or instructions
Oscillator Options
OSC type selection: RC or crystal
fsys clock source: OSC or RTC
fs internal clock source: fSYS/4, RTC OSC or WDT OSC
PFD Options
PFD output enable: enable or disable
PFD clock selection: Timer/Event Counter 0 or Timer/Event Counter 1
Timer Options
Timer/Event Counter 0 clock source: fSYS/4 or fSYS
Timer/Event Counter 1 clock source: Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow, Time Base out or fSYS
Timer Base Options
Time Base frequency: fS/212 ~ fS/215
Buzzer Options
Buzzer output enable: enable or disable
Buzzer frequency : fS/22 ~ fS/29
LVD/LVR Options
LVR function reset: enable or disable
Low Voltage Detect: enable or disable
LCD Options
LCD clock: fS/22 ~ fS/28
LCD duty: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4
LCD bias: 1/2, 1/3
LCD bias type: R type or C type
LCD on/off during power down: enable or disable
LCD segment SEG40~SEG46 output or PD0~PD6 output
HALT mode oscillator enable or disable
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Application Circuits
V
D D
0 .0 1 m F *
V D D
C O M 0 ~ C O M 3
S E G 0 ~ S E G 4 6
R E S
V L C D
L C D
P A N E L
1 0 0 k W
0 .1 m F
1 0 k W
L C D
P o w e r S u p p ly
C 1
0 .1 m F *
V S S
C 2
0 .1 m F
V
V 1
O S C
C ir c u it
0 .1 m F
O S C 1
O S C 2
V 2
S e e r ig h t s id e
3 2 7 6 8 H z
O S C 3
1 0 p F
O S C 4
D D
4 7 0 p F
R
0 .1 m F
/B Z
/B Z
F D
A 7
P B 0 /IN
P B 1 /IN
P B 2 /T M
P B 3 /T M
P B 4 /T M
P B 5 ~ P
T 0
P C 1 /R X
P C 0 /T X
P C 2 ~ P C 7
P D 0 ~ P D 6
O S C 1
fS
C 1
V M A X
P A 0
P A 1
P A 3 /P
P A 2 , P A 4 ~ P
O S C
R C S y s te m O s c illa to r
2 4 k W < R O S C < 1 M W
Y S
/4
O S C 2
O S C 1
C 2
R 1
C ry s ta l S y s te m
F o r th e v a lu e s ,
s e e ta b le b e lo w
O S C 2
O S C 1
T 1
R 0
R 1
R 2
B 7
3 2 7 6 8 H z C ry s ta l S y s te m
O s c illa to r
O S C 1 a n d O S C 2 le ft
u n c o n n e c te d
O S C 2
H T 4 9 R U 8 0 /H T 4 9 C U 8 0
O s c illa to r
O S C
C ir c u it
The following table shows the C1, C2 and R1 values corresponding to the different crystal values. (For reference only)
Crystal or Resonator
C1, C2
R1
4MHz Crystal
0pF
12kW
4MHz Resonator
10pF
12kW
3.58MHz Crystal
0pF
12kW
3.58MHz Resonator
25pF
12kW
2MHz Crystal & Resonator
25pF
12kW
1MHz Crystal
35pF
14kW
480kHz Resonator
100pF
14kW
455kHz Resonator
200pF
12kW
429kHz Resonator
200pF
12kW
400kHz Resonator
300pF
12kW
The function of the resistor R1 is to ensure that the oscillator will switch off should low voltage conditions occur. Such a low voltage, as mentioned here, is one which is less than the lowest value of the
MCU operating voltage. Note however that if the LVR is enabled then R1 can be removed.
Note:
The resistance and capacitance for reset circuit should be designed in such a way as to ensure that the VDD is
stable and remains within a valid operating voltage range before bringing RES to high.
²*² Make the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin as short as possible, to avoid noise
interference.
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Instruction Set
subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary
arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for
subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions
INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of
increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values
in the destination specified.
Introduction
C e n t ra l t o t he s uc c es s f ul oper a t i on o f a n y
microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to
perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek
microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of
over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers
to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads.
Logical and Rotate Operations
For easier understanding of the various instruction
codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings.
The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR
and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most
instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass
through the Accumulator which may involve additional
programming steps. In all logical data operations, the
zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero.
Another form of logical data manipulation comes from
the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC
which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or
left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for
serial port programming applications where data can be
rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from
where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit
set high or low. Another application where rotate data
operations are used is to implement multiplication and
division calculations.
Instruction Timing
Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are
required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system
clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system
oscillator, most instructions would be implemented
within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited
to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions
which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low
register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the
PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one
more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the
case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then
this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved
then only one cycle is required.
Branches and Control Transfer
Program branching takes the form of either jumps to
specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the
sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program
must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a
return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause
the program to jump back to the address right after the
CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the
program simply jumps to the desired location. There is
no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off
point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special
and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the
conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program
will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and
jump to the following instruction. These instructions are
the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits.
Moving and Transferring Data
The transfer of data within the microcontroller program
is one of the most frequently used operations. Making
use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be
transferred from registers to the Accumulator and
vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most
important data transfer applications is to receive data
from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports.
Arithmetic Operations
The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and
data manipulation is a necessary feature of most
microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and
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Bit Operations
Other Operations
The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek
microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for
output port bit programming where individual bits or port
pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET
[m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the
8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure
that other bits are not changed and then output the port
with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used.
In addition to the above functional instructions, a range
of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to
control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable
program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations,
refer to the functional related sections.
Instruction Set Summary
The following table depicts a summary of the instruction
set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions.
Table Read Operations
Table conventions:
Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of
fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an
area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where
data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be
referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory.
Mnemonic
x: Bits immediate data
m: Data Memory address
A: Accumulator
i: 0~7 number of bits
addr: Program memory address
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1Note
1Note
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
C
1
1
1
1Note
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
1Note
1
1Note
Z
Z
Z
Z
Arithmetic
ADD A,[m]
ADDM A,[m]
ADD A,x
ADC A,[m]
ADCM A,[m]
SUB A,x
SUB A,[m]
SUBM A,[m]
SBC A,[m]
SBCM A,[m]
DAA [m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Add ACC to Data Memory
Add immediate data to ACC
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Add ACC to Data memory with Carry
Subtract immediate data from the ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory
Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory
Logic Operation
AND A,[m]
OR A,[m]
XOR A,[m]
ANDM A,[m]
ORM A,[m]
XORM A,[m]
AND A,x
OR A,x
XOR A,x
CPL [m]
CPLA [m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Logical AND immediate Data to ACC
Logical OR immediate Data to ACC
Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC
Complement Data Memory
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment & Decrement
INCA [m]
INC [m]
DECA [m]
DEC [m]
Rev. 1.20
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment Data Memory
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Decrement Data Memory
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Mnemonic
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
None
None
C
C
None
None
C
C
Move Data Memory to ACC
Move ACC to Data Memory
Move immediate data to ACC
1
1Note
1
None
None
None
Clear bit of Data Memory
Set bit of Data Memory
1Note
1Note
None
None
Jump unconditionally
Skip if Data Memory is zero
Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Return from interrupt
2
1Note
1note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
2
2
2
2
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
2Note
2Note
None
None
No operation
Clear Data Memory
Set Data Memory
Clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Enter power down mode
1
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
1
None
None
None
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
None
None
TO, PDF
Rotate
RRA [m]
RR [m]
RRCA [m]
RRC [m]
RLA [m]
RL [m]
RLCA [m]
RLC [m]
Data Move
MOV A,[m]
MOV [m],A
MOV A,x
Bit Operation
CLR [m].i
SET [m].i
Branch
JMP addr
SZ [m]
SZA [m]
SZ [m].i
SNZ [m].i
SIZ [m]
SDZ [m]
SIZA [m]
SDZA [m]
CALL addr
RET
RET A,x
RETI
Table Read
TABRDC [m]
TABRDL [m]
Miscellaneous
NOP
CLR [m]
SET [m]
CLR WDT
CLR WDT1
CLR WDT2
SWAP [m]
SWAPA [m]
HALT
Note:
1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required,
if no skip takes place only one cycle is required.
2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution.
3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by
the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and
²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags
remain unchanged.
Rev. 1.20
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Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADCM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,x
Add immediate data to ACC
Description
The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADDM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
AND A,[m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
AND A,x
Logical AND immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ANDM A,[m]
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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CALL addr
Subroutine call
Description
Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the
stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this
new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m]
Clear Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m] ¬ 00H
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m].i
Clear bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR WDT
Clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT1
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT2
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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CPL [m]
Complement Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
CPLA [m]
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result
is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
DAA [m]
Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory
Description
Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or
if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble
remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of
6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C
flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is
greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + 00H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 06H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 60H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 66H
Affected flag(s)
C
DEC [m]
Decrement Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
DECA [m]
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
HALT
Enter power down mode
Description
This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents
of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The
power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared.
Operation
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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INC [m]
Increment Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
INCA [m]
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
JMP addr
Jump unconditionally
Description
The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program
execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy
instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,[m]
Move Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,x
Move immediate data to ACC
Description
The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV [m],A
Move ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC
Affected flag(s)
None
NOP
No operation
Description
No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.
Operation
No operation
Affected flag(s)
None
OR A,[m]
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.20
45
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
OR A,x
Logical OR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ORM A,[m]
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
RET
Return from subroutine
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
Affected flag(s)
None
RET A,x
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the
specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
RETI
Return from interrupt
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending
when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
EMI ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
RL [m]
Rotate Data Memory left
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
RLA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.20
46
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
RLC [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RLCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces
the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in
the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RR [m]
Rotate Data Memory right
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into
bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data
Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRC [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
RRCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is
stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
Rev. 1.20
47
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
SBC A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result
of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or
zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SBCM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is
positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SDZ [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SDZA [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m]
Set Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ FFH
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m].i
Set bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.20
48
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
SIZ [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SIZA [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SNZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i ¹ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SUB A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUBM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUB A,x
Subtract immediate data from ACC
Description
The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will
be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
Rev. 1.20
49
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
SWAP [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.
Operation
[m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4
Affected flag(s)
None
SWAPA [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The
result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4
ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0
Description
If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As
this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a
two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZA [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is
zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the
program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDC [m]
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDL [m]
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.20
50
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
XOR A,[m]
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XORM A,[m]
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XOR A,x
Logical XOR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.20
51
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Package Information
64-pin LQFP (7mm´7mm) Outline Dimensions
C
D
4 8
G
3 3
H
I
3 2
4 9
F
A
B
E
6 4
1 7
K
a
J
1 6
1
Symbol
Rev. 1.20
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
8.90
¾
9.10
B
6.90
¾
7.10
C
8.90
¾
9.10
D
6.90
¾
7.10
E
¾
0.40
¾
F
0.13
¾
0.23
G
1.35
¾
1.45
H
¾
¾
1.60
I
0.05
¾
0.15
J
0.45
¾
0.75
K
0.09
¾
0.20
a
0°
¾
7°
52
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
100-pin QFP (14mm´20mm) Outline Dimensions
C
H
D
8 0
G
5 1
I
5 0
8 1
F
A
B
E
3 1
1 0 0
K
a
J
1
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.20
3 0
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
18.50
¾
19.20
B
13.90
¾
14.10
C
24.50
¾
25.20
D
19.90
¾
20.10
E
¾
0.65
¾
F
¾
0.30
¾
G
2.50
¾
3.10
H
¾
¾
3.40
I
¾
0.10
¾
J
1
¾
1.40
K
0.10
¾
0.20
a
0°
¾
7°
53
December 16, 2009
HT49RU80/HT49CU80
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters)
No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Tel: 886-3-563-1999
Fax: 886-3-563-1189
http://www.holtek.com.tw
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office)
4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2655-7070
Fax: 886-2-2655-7373
Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline)
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office)
5F, Unit A, Productivity Building, No.5 Gaoxin M 2nd Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China 518057
Tel: 86-755-8616-9908, 86-755-8616-9308
Fax: 86-755-8616-9722
Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office)
46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538
Tel: 1-510-252-9880
Fax: 1-510-252-9885
http://www.holtek.com
Copyright Ó 2009 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used
solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable
without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life
due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices
or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information,
please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Rev. 1.20
54
December 16, 2009