IMAGE SENSOR Flat panel sensor C10322D High sensitivity, high-speed frame rate, high resolution Flat panel sensor C10322D is a digital X-ray image sensor newly developed as key devices for real-time X-ray imaging. Features Applications l Digital radiography l Real time CT, etc. l For assembly into equipment (supplied without case) l Wide dynamic range l High sensitivity: 6000 LSB/mR l High-speed frame rate: 30 frames/s l 624 × 624 pixels l Flat panel structure wituout image distortion l 13-bit digital output ■ Block diagram C10322D is a lightweight and compact bare bone flat panel sensor consisting of a sensor board and a control board. The sensor board has 8 charge-sensitive amplifier arrays each having 78 ch amplifiers with a horizontal shift register. Analog video signals are amplified as the charge on each video line by 624 ch charge amplifiers with CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) circuits added, and are output each of 8 amplifier arrays. The control board converts the analog video signal into a 13-bit digital signal and outputs it to an external frame grabber through the 13-bit parallel port. PIXEL NUMBER 1 2 623 625 1247 1248 PHOTODIODE ARRAY WITH DIRECTLY DEPOSITED CsI SCINTILLATOR 389375 AMP ARRAY No. 1 VERTICAL SHIFT REGISTER 624 389376 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY A.vdd, D.vdd (not attached) IntExt TIMING PULSE GENERATOR AMP ARRAY No. 8 OSCILLATOR ExtTrg Vsync Hsync Pclk BIAS GENERATOR BUFFER AMP PROCESSING AMP BUFFER AMP PROCESSING AMP A/D FIFO VIDEO OUTPUT (13-BIT DIGITAL) A/D FIFO KACCC0237EB Note: Signals are read out in order of pixel number. PRELIMINARY DATA Jan. 2007 1 Flat panel sensor C10322D ■ General ratings Parameter Pixel size Photodiode area Number of pixels Number of active pixels Readout Video output (Data1 - 13) Output data rate Synchronous signal (Vsync, Hsync, Pclk) ExtTrg, IntExt Scintillator Specification 200 × 200 124.8 × 124.8 624 × 624 608 × 616 Charge amplifier array LVDS (differential) 13 bit 15.15 LVDS (differential) TTL CsI Unit µm mm pixels pixels MHz - ■ Absolute maximum ratings (Ta=25 °C) Parameter Supply voltage for digital circuitry (+5 V) Supply voltage for analog circuitry (+5 V) Input voltage (ExtTrg, IntExt) Operating temperature *1 Storage temperature *1 *1: No condensation. Symbol D.vdd A.vdd Vin Topr Tstg Value +6.0 +6.0 0 to 6.0 0 to +35 0 to +50 Unit V V V °C °C ■ Specification (Ta=25 °C, A.vdd= 5.0 V, D.vdd= 5.0 V) Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Frame rate (single operation) Sf (int) 28.5 30 frames/s Frame rate external Sf (ext) Sf (int) to 10 frames/s Noise (rms) *2 N (rms) 2600 electrons Saturation charge Csat 8.3 M electrons Sensitivity *3 S 4800 6000 LSB/mR Resolution *4 Reso 2 2.5 line pairs/mm Dynamic range 3200 Defect line *5 10 lines Output offset *6 130 400 LSB *2: Internal trigger mode, single operation *3: 80 kVp, acrylic filter 170 mm *4: Spatial frequency at CTF=5 % *5: A defect line is a horizontal or vertical line containing 4 or more pixels that produce less than 5/8 of the average output from surrounding pixels and are formed continuously from the opposite side of an amplifier array or a vertical shift register. Without a couple of adjacent defect line. *6: Average of all effective pixels in single operation at Sf (int) Note: X-ray energy range is 20 k to 90 kVp. ■ Resolution [Ta=25 ˚C, A.vdd=5.0 V, D.vdd=5.0 V] 100 90 80 CTF (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 SPATIAL FREQUENCY (line pairs/mm) KACCB0136EA 2 Flat panel sensor C10322D ■ Timing chart To acquire images through an image grabber board, write parameters in the software program or parameter file by referring to the following timing chart and description. 1 FRAME 1st ROW 2nd ROW DUMMY LINES Vsync+ (GRABBER) 1st ROW 2nd ROW He LAST ROW All pulses are counted in the “High” period of Hsync+ Hsync+ (GRABBER) ENLARGED VIEW Vsync+ (GRABBER) 1st ROW 2nd ROW Hsync+ (GRABBER) Phe Pg Phe Phd Phe Phd Pclk+ (GRABBER) All pulses are counted at the riging edge of Pclk+. The effective video output is only included in the “Phe” period. Hsync+ are output continuously while Vsync+ is low. KACCC0361EB Parameter He Phe Effective line Dummy line Effective pixel Dummy pixel Phd Pg Note: “He” is the Hsync count. Phe, Phd and Pg are the Pclk count. Count 616 8 608 16 177 157 ■ External trigger mode To acquire images in external trigger mode, input an external trigger pulse as shown below. When the time Tvd has passed after the rising edge of the external trigger pulse, synchronous signals and video signals are output. FROM Tmin TO Tmax RECOMMENDATION: 50 % OF FRAME TIME ExtTrgLemo ExtTrgGrb (TTL) Tvd Vsync+ (LVDS) Hsync+, Pclk+ and Data 1-13 are the same as internal trigger mode. · Tmin is defined as 1/Sf (int). · Tmax is defined as the reciprocal of the minimum value of Sf (ext). · Tvd=96 µs KACCC0351EA 3 Flat panel sensor C10322D ■ System requirements To operate C10322D at full performance, the following system and peripherals are required. · PC: IBM compatible PC running on Windows XP · Digital frame grabber card: Monochrome 16 bits or more, pixel clock 15.15 MHz or more, LVDS interface synchronous signal (See the frame grabber manual.) The National Instruments IMAQ PCI-1424 (NI parts No. 777662-02) frame grabber has been verified to successfully acquire 13bit digital images from C10322D. The IMAQ PCI-1422 (NI parts No. 777959-02) also acquires satisfactory images from C10322D. You can utilize the demonstration software that comes with the frame grabber as a simple viewer, to acquire and save an image. To do so, refer to the frame grabber user’s guide for how to use the camera information file for the demonstration software. · Power source: A.vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (900 mA), D.vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (250 mA) Please use a low noise series power supply. (Avoid using a switching power supply.) A power cable and a frame grabber cable do not come supplied with C10322D. The voltages described above are specified at the flat panel sensor side. Install a noise filter on the AC power input line to prevent surges on the AC line. The earth terminal must be connected to a stable earth point to eliminate noise from surroundings. · No piece of acquisition software nor image processing library is attached to the sensor. Table 1: Pin assignment of 40-pin receptacle ■ Pin connection B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 BOARD SIDE A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 KACCC0356EA 4 Pin No. Signal Pin No. Signal A1 Data1+ (LSB) B1 Data1- (LSB) A2 Data2+ B2 Data2A3 Data3+ B3 Data3A4 Data4+ B4 Data4A5 Data5+ B5 Data5A6 Data6+ B6 Data6A7 Data7+ B7 Data7A8 Data8+ B8 Data8A9 Data9+ B9 Data9A10 Data10+ B10 Data10A11 Data11+ B11 Data11A12 Data12+ B12 Data12A13 Data13+ (MSB) B13 Data13- (MSB) A14 Reserved B14 Reserved A15 Reserved B15 GND A16 Reserved B16 GND A17 ExtTrg (TTL) B17 IntExt (TTL) A18 Vsync+ B18 VsyncA19 Hsync+ B19 HsyncA20 Pclk+ B20 PclkUnless otherwise noted, signal level is LVDS. 40-pin receptacle: 8931E-040-178LF (KEL CORPORATION) Mating plug: 8925R-040-179F (KEL CORPORATION) Pins described “Reserved” are prepared for an extention of the future. Do not connect any signal or power or GND to this plug. Flat panel sensor C10322D Table 2: Power pin assignment Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 Power plug: 51067-0500 (Molex Japan Co., Ltd.) Power receptacle: 53259-0529 (Molex Japan Co., Ltd.) Signal Digital GND Digital +5 V Analog GND Analog +5 V Shield (analog GND) ■ Connection Install the digital frame grabber board into the PC by the manufacture’s instructions. When a general-purpose frame grabber board is used, trigger operation for IntExt and ExtTrg can be controlled with its digital I/O control. (REAR VIEW) VIDEO OUTPUT (13-BIT DIGITAL) Vsync, Hsync, Pclk OS + IMAGE ACQUISITION SOFTWARE FRAME GRABBER PC/AT MONITOR IntExt ExtTrg VOLTAGE SOURCE [A.vdd, D.vdd] C10322D X-RAY SOURCE OBJECT KACCC0357EA 5 Flat panel sensor C10322D ■ Dimensional outline (unit: mm, tolerance: ±1 mm unless otherwise noted) 16 6.6 4 168 0.6 50.5 48 17.5 62 14 29 22 73.8 177 ACTIVE AREA 123.2 ACTIVE AREA 121.6 36.5 40.3 7 1.5 43.3 3 18 35.3 14 11 3.5 31.5 5.9 4 168 SCINTILATOR TO TOP COVER 2.5 KACCA0198EA ■ Notice · Do not subject the Flat Panel Sensors to strong vibration or shock. (Strong shock such as drop impacts may cause permanent damage to these sensors.) · Users must take responsibility for implementing X-ray shielding safety measures to avoid the risk of X-ray exposure. · Data listed in this datasheet is defined at the time of shipment. Characteristics may vary somewhat due to exposure to Xrays so take proper countermeasures such as making periodic image correction. · This product is warranted for a period of 12 months after the date of the shipment. The warranty is limited to replacement or repair of any defective product due to defects in workmanship or materials used in manufacture. The warranty does not cover loss or damage caused by natural disaster, misuse (including modifications and any use not complying with the environment, application, usage and storage conditions described in this datasheet), or total radiation dose over 25000 Roentgen (90 kV) even within the warranty period. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2007 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Solid State Division 1126-1 Ichino-cho, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, 435-8558 Japan, Telephone: (81) 53-434-3311, Fax: (81) 53-434-5184, www.hamamatsu.com U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P.O.Box 6910, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1) 908-231-0960, Fax: (1) 908-231-1218 Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49) 08152-3750, Fax: (49) 08152-2658 France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: 33-(1) 69 53 71 00, Fax: 33-(1) 69 53 71 10 United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44) 1707-294888, Fax: (44) 1707-325777 North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvägen 12, SE-171 41 Solna, Sweden, Telephone: (46) 8-509-031-00, Fax: (46) 8-509-031-01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39) 02-935-81-733, Fax: (39) 02-935-81-741 6 Cat. No. KACC1132E03 May 2007 DN