LM555 Timer General Description Features The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to 200mA or drive TTL circuits. n n n n n n n n n Direct replacement for SE555/NE555 Timing from microseconds through hours Operates in both astable and monostable modes Adjustable duty cycle Output can source or sink 200 mA Output and supply TTL compatible Temperature stability better than 0.005% per ˚C Normally on and normally off output Available in 8-pin MSOP package Applications n n n n n n n Precision timing Pulse generation Sequential timing Time delay generation Pulse width modulation Pulse position modulation Linear ramp generator Schematic Diagram DS007851-1 © 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS007851 www.national.com LM555 Timer February 2000 LM555 Connection Diagram Dual-In-Line, Small Outline and Molded Mini Small Outline Packages DS007851-3 Top View Ordering Information Package 8-Pin SOIC 8-Pin MSOP 8-Pin MDIP www.national.com Part Number Package Marking Media Transport LM555CM LM555CM Rails LM555CMX LM555CM 2.5k Units Tape and Reel LM555CMM Z55 1k Units Tape and Reel LM555CMMX Z55 3.5k Units Tape and Reel LM555CN LM555CN Rails 2 NSC Drawing M08A MUA08A N08E Soldering Information Dual-In-Line Package Soldering (10 Seconds) 260˚C Small Outline Packages (SOIC and MSOP) Vapor Phase (60 Seconds) 215˚C Infrared (15 Seconds) 220˚C See AN-450 “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability” for other methods of soldering surface mount devices. If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage Power Dissipation (Note 3) LM555CM, LM555CN LM555CMM Operating Temperature Ranges LM555C Storage Temperature Range +18V 1180 mW 613 mW 0˚C to +70˚C −65˚C to +150˚C Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 2) (TA = 25˚C, VCC = +5V to +15V, unless othewise specified) Parameter Conditions Limits Units LM555C Min Supply Voltage Supply Current Typ 4.5 Max 16 V 6 15 mA VCC = 5V, RL = ∞ VCC = 15V, RL = ∞ (Low State) (Note 4) 3 10 1 % RA = 1k to 100kΩ, 50 ppm/˚C Timing Error, Monostable Initial Accuracy Drift with Temperature C = 0.1µF, (Note 5) Accuracy over Temperature 1.5 % Drift with Supply 0.1 %/V Timing Error, Astable Initial Accuracy Drift with Temperature RA, RB = 1k to 100kΩ, 2.25 % 150 ppm/˚C C = 0.1µF, (Note 5) Accuracy over Temperature 3.0 % Drift with Supply 0.30 %/V Threshold Voltage Trigger Voltage 0.667 x VCC VCC = 15V 5 V VCC = 5V 1.67 Trigger Current Reset Voltage 0.4 Reset Current Threshold Current Control Voltage Level (Note 6) VCC = 15V VCC = 5V 9 2.6 Pin 7 Leakage Output High V 0.5 0.9 µA 0.5 1 V 0.1 0.4 mA 0.1 0.25 µA 10 3.33 11 4 V 1 100 nA 200 mV Pin 7 Sat (Note 7) Output Low VCC = 15V, I7 = 15mA 180 Output Low VCC = 4.5V, I7 = 4.5mA 80 3 mV www.national.com LM555 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 2) LM555 Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 2) (Continued) (TA = 25˚C, VCC = +5V to +15V, unless othewise specified) Parameter Conditions Limits Units LM555C Min Output Voltage Drop (Low) Typ Max ISINK = 10mA 0.1 0.25 ISINK = 50mA 0.4 0.75 V ISINK = 100mA 2 2.5 V ISINK = 200mA 2.5 VCC = 15V V V VCC = 5V ISINK = 8mA Output Voltage Drop (High) V ISINK = 5mA 0.25 ISOURCE = 200mA, VCC = 15V 12.5 ISOURCE = 100mA, VCC = 15V 0.35 V V 12.75 13.3 V 2.75 3.3 V Rise Time of Output 100 ns Fall Time of Output 100 ns VCC = 5V Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified. Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance. Note 3: For operating at elevated temperatures the device must be derated above 25˚C based on a +150˚C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance of 106˚C/W (DIP), 170˚C/W (S0-8), and 204˚C/W (MSOP) junction to ambient. Note 4: Supply current when output high typically 1 mA less at VCC = 5V. Note 5: Tested at VCC = 5V and VCC = 15V. Note 6: This will determine the maximum value of RA + RB for 15V operation. The maximum total (RA + RB) is 20MΩ. Note 7: No protection against excessive pin 7 current is necessary providing the package dissipation rating will not be exceeded. Note 8: Refer to RETS555X drawing of military LM555H and LM555J versions for specifications. www.national.com 4 LM555 Typical Performance Characteristics Minimuim Pulse Width Required for Triggering Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage DS007851-4 High Output Voltage vs. Output Source Current DS007851-19 Low Output Voltage vs. Output Sink Current DS007851-20 Low Output Voltage vs. Output Sink Current DS007851-21 Low Output Voltage vs. Output Sink Current DS007851-22 DS007851-23 5 www.national.com LM555 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Output Propagation Delay vs. Voltage Level of Trigger Pulse Output Propagation Delay vs. Voltage Level of Trigger Pulse DS007851-24 Discharge Transistor (Pin 7) Voltage vs. Sink Current DS007851-25 Discharge Transistor (Pin 7) Voltage vs. Sink Current DS007851-26 www.national.com DS007851-27 6 MONOSTABLE OPERATION NOTE: In monostable operation, the trigger should be driven high before the end of timing cycle. In this mode of operation, the timer functions as a one-shot (Figure 1). The external capacitor is initially held discharged by a transistor inside the timer. Upon application of a negative trigger pulse of less than 1/3 VCC to pin 2, the flip-flop is set which both releases the short circuit across the capacitor and drives the output high. DS007851-7 FIGURE 3. Time Delay ASTABLE OPERATION If the circuit is connected as shown in Figure 4 (pins 2 and 6 connected) it will trigger itself and free run as a multivibrator. The external capacitor charges through RA + RB and discharges through RB. Thus the duty cycle may be precisely set by the ratio of these two resistors. DS007851-5 FIGURE 1. Monostable The voltage across the capacitor then increases exponentially for a period of t = 1.1 RA C, at the end of which time the voltage equals 2/3 VCC. The comparator then resets the flip-flop which in turn discharges the capacitor and drives the output to its low state. Figure 2 shows the waveforms generated in this mode of operation. Since the charge and the threshold level of the comparator are both directly proportional to supply voltage, the timing internal is independent of supply. DS007851-8 FIGURE 4. Astable In this mode of operation, the capacitor charges and discharges between 1/3 VCC and 2/3 VCC. As in the triggered mode, the charge and discharge times, and therefore the frequency are independent of the supply voltage. DS007851-6 VCC = 5V TIME = 0.1 ms/DIV. RA = 9.1kΩ C = 0.01µF Top Trace: Input 5V/Div. Middle Trace: Output 5V/Div. Bottom Trace: Capacitor Voltage 2V/Div. FIGURE 2. Monostable Waveforms During the timing cycle when the output is high, the further application of a trigger pulse will not effect the circuit so long as the trigger input is returned high at least 10µs before the end of the timing interval. However the circuit can be reset during this time by the application of a negative pulse to the reset terminal (pin 4). The output will then remain in the low state until a trigger pulse is again applied. When the reset function is not in use, it is recommended that it be connected to VCC to avoid any possibility of false triggering. Figure 3 is a nomograph for easy determination of R, C values for various time delays. 7 www.national.com LM555 Applications Information LM555 Applications Information (Continued) Figure 5 shows the waveforms generated in this mode of operation. DS007851-11 VCC = 5V TIME = 20µs/DIV. RA = 9.1kΩ C = 0.01µF DS007851-9 VCC = 5V TIME = 20µs/DIV. RA = 3.9kΩ RB = 3kΩ C = 0.01µF Top Trace: Input 4V/Div. Middle Trace: Output 2V/Div. Bottom Trace: Capacitor 2V/Div. FIGURE 7. Frequency Divider Top Trace: Output 5V/Div. Bottom Trace: Capacitor Voltage 1V/Div. PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR When the timer is connected in the monostable mode and triggered with a continuous pulse train, the output pulse width can be modulated by a signal applied to pin 5. Figure 8 shows the circuit, and in Figure 9 are some waveform examples. FIGURE 5. Astable Waveforms The charge time (output high) is given by: t1 = 0.693 (RA + RB) C And the discharge time (output low) by: t2 = 0.693 (RB) C Thus the total period is: T = t1 + t2 = 0.693 (RA +2RB) C The frequency of oscillation is: Figure 6 may be used for quick determination of these RC values. The duty cycle is: DS007851-12 FIGURE 8. Pulse Width Modulator DS007851-13 VCC = 5V Top Trace: Modulation 1V/Div. TIME = 0.2 ms/DIV. Bottom Trace: Output Voltage 2V/Div. RA = 9.1kΩ C = 0.01µF DS007851-10 FIGURE 6. Free Running Frequency FREQUENCY DIVIDER The monostable circuit of Figure 1 can be used as a frequency divider by adjusting the length of the timing cycle. Figure 7 shows the waveforms generated in a divide by three circuit. www.national.com FIGURE 9. Pulse Width Modulator 8 LM555 Applications Information (Continued) PULSE POSITION MODULATOR This application uses the timer connected for astable operation, as in Figure 10, with a modulating signal again applied to the control voltage terminal. The pulse position varies with the modulating signal, since the threshold voltage and hence the time delay is varied. Figure 11 shows the waveforms generated for a triangle wave modulation signal. DS007851-16 FIGURE 12. Figure 13 shows waveforms generated by the linear ramp. The time interval is given by: DS007851-14 VBE ≅ 0.6V FIGURE 10. Pulse Position Modulator DS007851-17 VCC = 5V Top Trace: Input 3V/Div. TIME = 20µs/DIV. Middle Trace: Output 5V/Div. Bottom Trace: Capacitor Voltage 1V/Div. R1 = 47kΩ R2 = 100kΩ RE = 2.7 kΩ C = 0.01 µF DS007851-15 VCC = 5V TIME = 0.1 ms/DIV. RA = 3.9kΩ RB = 3kΩ C = 0.01µF Top Trace: Modulation Input 1V/Div. Bottom Trace: Output 2V/Div. FIGURE 13. Linear Ramp FIGURE 11. Pulse Position Modulator LINEAR RAMP When the pullup resistor, RA, in the monostable circuit is replaced by a constant current source, a linear ramp is generated. Figure 12 shows a circuit configuration that will perform this function. 9 www.national.com LM555 Applications Information (Continued) 50% DUTY CYCLE OSCILLATOR For a 50% duty cycle, the resistors RA and RB may be connected as in Figure 14. The time period for the output high is the same as previous, t1 = 0.693 RA C. For the output low it is t2 = Thus the frequency of oscillation is DS007851-18 FIGURE 14. 50% Duty Cycle Oscillator Note that this circuit will not oscillate if RB is greater than 1/2 RA because the junction of RA and RB cannot bring pin 2 down to 1/3 VCC and trigger the lower comparator. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Adequate power supply bypassing is necessary to protect associated circuitry. Minimum recommended is 0.1µF in parallel with 1µF electrolytic. Lower comparator storage time can be as long as 10µs when pin 2 is driven fully to ground for triggering. This limits the monostable pulse width to 10µs minimum. Delay time reset to output is 0.47µs typical. Minimum reset pulse width must be 0.3µs, typical. Pin 7 current switches within 30ns of the output (pin 3) voltage. www.national.com 10 LM555 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Small Outline Package (M) NS Package Number M08A 8-Lead (0.118” Wide) Molded Mini Small Outline Package NS Package Number MUA08A 11 www.national.com LM555 Timer Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) NS Package Number N08E LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. 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