MAXIM MAX1932ETC

19-2555; Rev 1; 12/02
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
The MAX1932 generates a low-noise, high-voltage output
to bias avalanche photodiodes (APDs) in optical
receivers. Very low output ripple and noise is achieved by
a constant-frequency, pulse-width modulated (PWM)
boost topology combined with a unique architecture that
maintains regulation with an optional RC or LC post filter
inside its feedback loop. A precision reference and error
amplifier maintain 0.5% output voltage accuracy.
The MAX1932 protects expensive APDs against adverse
operating conditions while providing optimal bias.
Traditional boost converters measure switch current for
protection, whereas the MAX1932 integrates accurate
high-side current limiting to protect APDs under
avalanche conditions. A current-limit flag allows easy calibration of the APD operating point by indicating the precise point of avalanche breakdown. The MAX1932 control
scheme prevents output overshoot and undershoot to
provide safe APD operation without data loss.
The output voltage can be accurately set with either
external resistors, an internal 8-bit DAC, an external
DAC, or other voltage source. Output span and offset
are independently settable with external resistors. This
optimizes the utilization of DAC resolution for applications that may require limited output voltage range, such
as 4.5V to 15V, 4.5V to 45V, 20V to 60V, or 40V to 90V.
Features
♦ Small Circuit Footprint
♦ Circuit Height < 2mm
♦ 2.7V to 5.5V Input
♦
♦
♦
♦
4.5V to 90V Output
No Overshoot
Accurate High-Side Current Limit
Avalanche Indicator Flag
♦
♦
♦
♦
8-Bit SPI-Compatible DAC
Compatible with External DAC
0.5% Accurate Output
Low Ripple Output (< 1mV)
♦ Small 12-Pin, 4mm ✕ 4mm Thin QFN Package
Ordering Information
PART
TEMP RANGE
MAX1932ETC
PIN-PACKAGE
-40°C to +85°C 12 Thin QFN
Applications
Optical Receivers and Modules
Fiber Optic Network Equipment
Telecom Equipment
Laser Range Finders
PIN Diode Bias Supply
Typical Application Circuit
Pin Configuration
INPUT
2.7V TO 5.5V
SCLK
1
DIN
2
VIN
GATE
12
11
10
MAX1932
COMP
9
GND
8
COMP
7
4
5
6
CS-
DACOUT
3
APD BIAS OUTPUT
4.5V TO 90V
MAX1932
GATE
CS
DAC INPUTS
CS+
CL
CS
VIN
FB
SCLK
CS+
CS-
DIN
AVALANCHE
INDICATOR
FLAG
CL
FB
GND
DACOUT
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
1
MAX1932
General Description
MAX1932
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VIN to GND...............................................................-0.3V to +6V
DIN, SCLK, CS, FB to GND ......................................-0.3V to +6V
COMP, DACOUT, GATE, CL to GND ...........-0.3V to (VIN +0.3V)
CS+, CS- to GND .................................................-0.3V to +110V
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
12-Pin Thin QFN (derate 16.9mW/°C above +70°C) .1349mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering 10s) ..................................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = 3.3V, CS = SCLK = DIN = 3.3V, CS+ = CS- = 45V, Circuit of Figure 2, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
GENERAL
Input Supply Range
VIN
VIN Undervoltage Lockout
UVLO
Operating Supply Current
IIN
VIN Shutdown Supply Current
ISHDN
Input Resistance for CS+/CS-
Both rise/fall, hysteresis = 100mV
CS+ = 3V to 100V
Gate-Driver Resistance
Gate high or low, IGATE = ±50mA
FB Input Bias Current
VFB
1
mA
25
65
µA
0.5
1
2.0
MΩ
1.80
2.00
2.20
V
±0.005
5
1.24250 1.2500 1.25750
0.0007
DAC code = 00 hex
DACOUT to FB Voltage Difference
DAC code = FF hex
DACOUT Differential Nonlinearity
(Note 1)
DAC Code = 01 to FF hex,
DAC guaranteed monotonic
50
tON
%/°C
µS
100
Ω
-3
+3
mV
-1
+1
LSB
0.0007
DAC code = 0F to FF hex, source or sink
50µA
fOSC
110
V
200
TCVDACOUT
GATE Maximum On-Time
Ω
nA
1.24375 1.2500 1.25625
COMP Pulldown Resistance
in Shutdown
Switching Frequency
10
+25
TA = 0°C to +85°C
TCVFB
DACOUT Load Regulation
%/V
TA = +25°C
COMP = 1.5V
2
V
-25
FB to COMP Transconductance
DACOUT Voltage Temperature
Coefficient
V
2.6
00 hex loaded to DAC
Resistance from either pin to ground
Common-Mode Rejection
of Current Threshold
FB Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
5.5
2.1
0.5
Current-Limit Threshold
for CS+/CS-
FB Voltage
2.7
-1
250
300
3
_______________________________________________________________________________________
%/°C
+1
mV
340
kHz
µs
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
(VIN = 3.3V, CS = SCLK = DIN = 3.3V, CS+ = CS- = 45V, Circuit of Figure 2, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
0.6
V
DIGITAL INPUTS (DIN, SCLK, CS)
Input Low Voltage
Input High Voltage
1.4
Input Hysteresis
V
200
TA = +25°C
Input Leakage Current
-1
TA = 0°C to +85°C
Input Capacitance
mV
+1
µA
10
nA
5
pF
DIGITAL OUTPUT (CL)
Output Low Voltage
ISINK = 1mA
Output High Voltage
ISOURCE = 0.5mA
0.1
VIN - 0.5
V
V
SPI TIMING (FIGURE 5)
SCLK Clock Frequency
fSCLK
2
MHz
SCLK Low Period
tCL
125
ns
SCLK High Period
tCH
125
ns
Data Hold Time
tDH
0
ns
Data Setup Time
tDS
125
ns
CS Assertion to SCLK
Rising Edge Setup Time
tCSS0
200
ns
CS Deassertion to SCLK
Rising Edge Setup Time
tCSS1
200
ns
SCLK Rising Edge
to CS Deassertion
tCSH1
200
ns
SCLK Rising Edge
to CS Assertion
tCSH0
200
ns
CS High Period
tCSW
300
ns
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = 3.3V, CS = SCLK = DIN = 3.3V, CS+ = CS- = 45V, Circuit of Figure 2, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.7
5.5
V
2.1
2.6
V
1
mA
65
µA
0.5
2
MΩ
1.80
2.20
V
10
Ω
+30
nA
GENERAL
Input Supply Range
VIN
VIN Undervoltage Lockout
UVLO
Operating Supply Current
IIN
VIN Shutdown Supply Current
Input Resistance for CS+/CS-
ISHDN
Both rise/fall, hysteresis = 100mV
00 hex loaded to DAC
Resistance from either pin to ground
Current-Limit Threshold
for CS+/CSGate-Driver Resistance
FB Input Bias Current
Gate high or low, IGATE = ±50mA
-30
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX1932
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX1932
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VIN = 3.3V, CS = SCLK = DIN = 3.3V, CS+ = CS- = 45V, Circuit of Figure 2, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
FB Voltage
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
VFB
FB to COMP Transconductance
COMP = 1.5V
COMP Pulldown Resistance
in Shutdown
DAC code = 00 hex
MAX
UNITS
1.23875
MIN
TYP
1.26125
V
50
200
µS
100
Ω
DACOUT to FB Voltage Difference
DAC code = FF hex
-4
+4
mV
DACOUT Differential Nonlinearity
(Note 1)
DAC Code = 01 to FF hex, DAC
guaranteed monotonic
-1
+1
LSB
DACOUT Load Regulation
DAC code = 0F to FF hex, source or sink
50µA
-1
+1
mV
240
360
kHz
0.6
V
Switching Frequency
fOSC
DIGITAL INPUTS (DIN, SCLK, CS)
Input Low Voltage
Input High Voltage
1.4
V
DIGITAL OUTPUT (CL)
Output Low Voltage
ISINK = 1mA
Output High Voltage
ISOURCE = 0.5mA
0.1
VIN - 0.5
V
V
SPI TIMING (FIGURE 5)
SCLK Clock Frequency
fSCLK
2
MHz
SCLK Low Period
tCL
125
ns
SCLK High Period
tCH
125
ns
Data Hold Time
tDH
0
ns
Data Setup Time
tDS
125
ns
CS Assertion to SCLK
Rising Edge Setup Time
tCSS0
200
ns
CS Deassertion to SCLK
Rising Edge Setup Time
tCSS1
200
ns
SCLK Rising Edge
to CS Deassertion
tCSH1
200
ns
SCLK Rising Edge
to CS Assertion
tCSH0
200
ns
CS High Period
tCSW
300
ns
Note 1: DACOUT = DAC code x (1.25V/256) + 1.25V/256.
Note 2: Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design and not production tested.
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
SWITCHING WAVEFORM WITH LC FILTER
SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
MAX1932 toc01
VLX
MAX1932 toc03
VLX
50V/div
50V/div
IL
IL
VOUT RIPPLE (AC-COUPLED)
VOUT RIPPLE (AC-COUPLED)
0.002V/div
50V/div
INPUT
CURRENT
50mA/div
0.002V/div
VOUT = 90V, L = 300µH, C = 1µF, FIGURE 7
1µs/div
1µs/div
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
VFB vs. TEMPERATURE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT
1.2515
1.2510
VFB (V)
1.2505
90
1.2500
1.2495
89
88
4.5
80
75
70
65
60
1.2485
55
5.5
CURRENT LIMIT
ACTIVATED
85
1.2490
1.2480
3.5
90
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
91
95
MAX1932 toc05
1.2520
MAX1932 toc04
92
20ms/div
MAX1932 toc06
VOUT = 90V
2.5
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
0.05A/div
0.05A/div
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN WAVEFORMS
MAX1932 toc02
VCC = 5V, INDUCTOR = 100µH,
R1 = 806Ω
FEEDBACK DIVIDER CURRENT AND CSCURRENT INCLUDED
50
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE STEP-DOWN
DUE TO DAC CHANGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE STEP-UP
DUE TO DAC CHANGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE STEP
DUE TO DACOUT CHANGE
MAX1932 toc07
MAX1932 toc08
OFFSET = 62.962V = 88 hex
STEP DOWN FROM 80 hex TO 88 hex
3.0
MAX1932 toc09
OFFSET = 62.962V = 88 hex
STEP VALUE = 64.233 = 80 hex
20V/div
VOUT AT
64.233V
VOUT AT
1V/div 62.692V
OFFSET
1V/div
DACOUT EXTERNAL SOURCE
0.5V/div
10ms/div
10ms/div
20ms/div
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX1932
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VIN = 5V, Circuit of Figure 2, TA =+25°C, unless otherwise noted)
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
MAX1932
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
1
SCLK
DAC Serial Clock Input
2
DIN
DAC Serial Data Input
3
CL
Current-Limit Indicator Flag. CL = 0 indicates that the part is in current limit. Logic high level = VIN.
4
CS+
Current-Limit Plus Sense Input. Connect a resistor from CS+ to CS- in series with the output. The differential
threshold is 2V. CS+ has typically 1MΩ resistance to ground.
5
CS-
Current-Limit Minus Sense Input. CS- has typically 1MΩ resistance to ground.
6
DACOUT
7
FB
8
COMP
Internal DAC Output. Generates a control voltage for adjustable output operation. DACOUT can source or
sink 50µA.
Feedback input. Connect to a resistive voltage-divider between the output voltage (VOUT) and FB to set the
output voltage. The feedback set point is 1.25V.
Compensation Pin. Compensates the DC-DC converter control loop with a series RC to GND. COMP is
actively discharged to ground during shutdown or undervoltage conditions.
9
GND
10
GATE
Ground
11
VIN
IC Supply Voltage (2.7V to 5.5V). Bypass VIN with a 1µF or greater ceramic capacitor.
12
CS
DAC Chip-Select Input
Gate-Driver Output for External N-FET
Detailed Description
Fixed Frequency PWM
The MAX1932 uses a constant frequency, PWM, controller architecture. This controller sets the switch ontime and drives an external N-channel MOSFET (see
Figure 1). As the load varies, the error amplifier sets the
inductor peak current necessary to supply the load and
regulate the output voltage.
Output Current Limit
The MAX1932 uses an external resistor at CS+ and CSto sense the output current (see Figure 2). The typical
current-limit threshold is 2V. CL is designed to help find
the optimum APD bias point by going low to indicate
when the APD reaches avalanche and that current limit
has been activated. To minimize noise, CL only
changes state on an internal oscillator edge.
Output Control DAC
An internal digital-to-analog converter can be used to
control the output voltage of the DC-DC converter
(Figure 2). The DAC output is changed through an SPI™
serial interface using an 8-bit control byte. On power-up,
the DAC defaults to FF hex (1.25V), which corresponds
to a minimum boost converter output voltage.
Alternately, the output voltage can be set with external
resistors, an external DAC, or a voltage source. Output
span and offset are independently settable with exter-
nal resistors. See the Applications Information section
for output control equations.
SPI Interface/Shutdown
Use an SPI-compatible 3-wire serial interface with the
MAX1932 to control the DAC output voltage and to shut
down the MAX1932. Figures 4 and 5 show timing diagrams
for the SPI protocol. The MAX1932 is a write-only device
and uses CS along with SCLK and DIN to communicate.
The serial port is always operational when the device is
powered. To shut down the DC-DC converter portion only,
update the DAC registers to 00 hex.
Applications Information
Voltage Feedback Sense Point
Feedback can be taken from in front of, or after, the current-limit sense resistor. The current-limit sense resistor
forms a lowpass filter with the output capacitor. Taking
feedback after the current-limit sense resistor (see Figure
2), optimizes the output voltage accuracy, but requires
overcompensation, which slows down the control loop
response. For faster response, the feedback can be
taken from in front of the current-sense resistor (see
Figure 3). This configuration however, makes the output
voltage more sensitive to load variation and degrades
output accuracy by an amount equal to the load current
times the current-sense resistor value.
SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
The inductance value is given by:
L=
(VIN )2 × D2 × T × η
2IOUT(MAX) × VOUT
The DAC output voltage is given by the following equation:
 1.25V   1.25V 
VDACOUT = CODE × 

 +
 256   256 
On power-up, DACOUT defaults to FF hex or 1.25V,
which corresponds to the minimum VOUT output voltage.
The voltage generated at DACOUT is coupled to FB
through R6. DACOUT can sink only 50µA so:
1.25V
R6 ≥
50µA
Select the minimum output voltage (VOUTFF), and the
maximum output voltage (V OUT01 ) for the desired
adjustment range. R5 sets the adjustment span using
the following equation:
R5 = (VOUTFF - VOUT01) (R6/1.25V)
R8 sets the minimum output of the adjustment range
with the following equation:
R8 = (1.25V ✕ R5)/(VOUTFF)
Setting the Output Voltage without
the DAC
Adjust the output voltage by connecting a voltagedivider from the output (VOUT) to FB (Figure 2 with R6
omitted). Select R8 between 10kΩ to 50kΩ. Calculate
R5 with the following equation:
 VOUT 
R5 = R8 
− 1
 1.25V 
Inductor Selection
Optimum inductor selection depends on input voltage,
output voltage, maximum output current, switching frequency, and inductor size. Inductors are typically specified by their inductance (L), peak current (IPK), and
resistance (LR).
where VIN is the input voltage, IOUT(MAX) is the maximum output current delivered, VOUT is the output voltage, and T is the switching period (3.3µs), η is the
estimated power conversion efficiency, and D is the
maximum duty cycle:
D < (VOUT - VIN)/VOUT up to a maximum of 0.9
Since the L equation factors in efficiency, for inductor calculation purposes, an η of 0.5 to 0.75 is usually suitable.
For example, with a maximum DC load current of 2.5mA,
a 90V output, VIN = 5V, D = 0.9, T = 3.3µs, and η estimated at 0.75, the above equation yields an L of 111µH,
so 100µH would be a suitable value.
The peak inductor current is given by:
V ×D× T
IPK = IN
L
These are typical calculations. For worst case, refer to
the article titled “Choosing the MAX1932 External
Indicator, Diode, Current Sense Resistor, and Output
Filter Capacitor for Worst Case Conditions” located on
the Maxim website in the Application Notes section (visit
www.maxim-ic.com/an1805).
External Power-Transistor Selection
An N-FET power switch is required for the MAX1932. The
N-FET switch should be selected to have adequate onresistance with the MOSFET VGS = VIN(MIN). The breakdown voltage of the N-FET must be greater than VOUT.
For higher-current output applications (such as 5mA at
90V), SOT23 high-voltage low-gate-threshold N-FETs
may not have adequate current capability. For example,
with a 5V input, a 90V, 5mA output requires an inductor
peak of 240mA. For such cases it may be necessary to
simply parallel two N-FETs to achieve the required current rating. With SOT23 devices this often results in
smaller and lower cost than using a larger N-FET device.
Diode Selection
The output diode should be rated to handle the output
voltage and the peak switch current. Make sure that the
diode’s peak current rating is at least IPK and that its
breakdown voltage exceeds VOUT. Fast reverse recovery time (t rr < 10ns) and low junction capacitance
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX1932
Output and DAC Adjustments Range
Many biasing applications require an adjustable output
voltage, which is easily obtained using the MAX1932’s
DAC output (Figure 2).
MAX1932
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
(<10pF) are recommended to minimize losses. A smallsignal silicon switching diode is suitable if efficiency is
not critical.
Output Filter Capacitor Selection
The output capacitors of the MAX1932 must have high
enough voltage rating to operate with the V OUT
required. Output capacitor effective series resistance
(ESR) determines the amplitude of the high-frequency
ripple seen on the output voltage. In the typical application circuit, a second RC formed by R1 and C3 further
reduces ripple.
Input Bypass Capacitor Selection
The input bypass capacitor reduces the peak currents
drawn from the voltage source and reduces noise
caused by the MAX1932’s switching action. The input
source impedance determines the size of the capacitor
required at the input (VIN). A low ESR capacitor is recommended. A 1µF ceramic capacitor is adequate for
most applications. Place the bypass capacitor as close
as possible to the VIN and GND pins.
Current-Sense Resistor Selection
Current limit is used to set the maximum delivered output current. In the typical application circuit, MAX1932
is designed to current limit at:
R1 =
2V
ILIMIT
Note that ILIMIT must include current drawn by the feedback divider (if sensing feedback after R1) and the
input current of CS-.
Stability and Compensation
Component Selection
Compensation components, R7 and C4, introduce a
pole and a zero necessary to stabilize the MAX1932
(see Figure 6). The dominant pole, POLE1, is formed by
the output impedance of the error amplifier (REA) and
C4. The R7/C4 zero, ZERO1, is selected to cancel the
pole formed by the output filter cap C3 and output load
R LD, POLE2. The additional pole of R1/C3, POLE3,
should be at least a decade past the crossover frequency to not affect stability:
POLE1 (dominant pole) = 1 / (2π ✕ REA ✕ C4)
ZERO1 (integrator zero) = 1 / (2π ✕ R7 ✕ C4)
POLE2 (output load pole) = K1 / (2π ✕ RLD ✕ (C2 + C3))
POLE3 (output filter pole) = 1 / (2π ✕ R1 ✕ C3)
The DC open-loop gain is given by:
AOL = K2 ✕ Gm ✕ REA
8
where REA = 310MΩ,
gM = 110µS,
RLD is the parallel combination of feedback network
and the load resistance.
K1 =
2 × VOUT - VIN
VOUT - VIN
2 × VIN
V (Volts)
K2 = FB
×
×
0.75 (Volts) 2 × VOUT - VIN
 

VOUT  RLD × T(second)
 

  VOUT - VIN  2 × L (Henries) 


A properly compensated MAX1932 results in a gain vs.
frequency plot that crosses 0dB with a single pole
slope (20dB per decade). See Figure 6.
Table 1 lists suggested component values for several
typical applications.
Further Noise Reduction
The current-limit sense resistor is typically used as part
of an output lowpass filter to reduce noise and ripple.
For further reduction of noise, an LC filter can be added
as shown in Figure 7. Output ripple and noise with and
without the LC filter are shown in the Typical Operating
Characteristics. If a post LC filter is used, it is best to
use a coil with fairly large resistance (or a series resistor) so that ringing at the response peak of the LC filter
is damped. For a 330µH and 1µF filter, 22Ω accomplishes this, but a resistor is not needed if the coil resistance is greater than 15Ω.
Output Accuracy and Feedback
Resistor Selection
The MAX1932 features 0.5% feedback accuracy. The
total voltage accuracy of a complete APD bias circuit is
the sum of the FB set-point accuracy, plus resistor ratio
error and temperature coefficient. If absolute accuracy
is critical, the best resistor choice is an integrated network with specified ratio tolerance and temperature
coefficient. If using discrete resistors in high-accuracy
applications, pay close attention to resistor tolerance
and temperature coefficients.
Temperature Compensation
APDs exhibit a change in gain as a function of temperature. This gain change can be compensated with an
appropriate adjustment in bias voltage. For this reason
it may be desirable to vary the MAX1932 output voltage
as a function of temperature. This can be done in soft-
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
MAX1932
Table 1. Compensation Components for Typical Circuits (Figure 2)
INDUCTOR L1
(µH)
CSNS
C2 (µF)
5VIN, 40-90VOUT at 2.5mA
100
0.047
5VIN, 20-60VOUT at 2.5mA
150
0.10
VIN, VOUT, IOUT(MAX)
RSNS
R1 (Ω)
COUT
C3 (µF)
RCOMP
R7 (kΩ)
CCOMP
C4 (µF)
806
0.1
20
0.22
806
0.047
15
0.22
5VIN, 20-60VOUT at 5mA
82
0.22
392
0.10
10
0.47
3VIN, 40-90VOUT at 2.5mA
33
0.047
806
0.1
20
0.22
3VIN, 4.5-15VOUT at 2.5mA
220
0.47
806
0.01
7.5
0.47
ware by the system through the on-chip DAC, but can
also be accomplished in hardware using an external
thermistor or IC temperature sensor. Figure 8 shows
how an NTC thermistor can be connected to make the
bias voltage increase with temperature.
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 1592
PROCESS: BICMOS
PC Board Layout and Grounding
Careful PC board layout is important for minimizing
ground bounce and noise. In addition, keep all connections to FB as a short as possible. In particular, locate
feedback resistors (R5, R6, and R8) as close to FB as
possible. Use wide, short traces to interconnect large
current paths for N1, D1, L1, C1, C2. Do not share
these connections with other signal paths. Refer to the
MAX1932 EV kit for a PC board layout example.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX1932
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
COMP
VIN
UVLO
REF
1.25V
PWM CONTROL
AND GATE DRIVER
FB
GATE
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
RAMP
ERROR
COMPARATOR
GND
OSC
987kΩ
CS+
CLIM
CL
13kΩ
BUFFER
987kΩ
CS13kΩ
REF
SCLK
DIN
SPI
SERIAL
INTERFACE
DACOUT
8
8-BIT DAC
CS
Figure 1. Functional Diagram
10
______________________________________________________________________________________
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
L1
100µH
VIN
CL
COMP
R7
20kΩ
MAX1932
C1 1µF
INPUT
2.7V TO 5.5V
D1
100V
R1
806Ω
VOUT
40V TO 90V
MAX1932
C4
0.22µF
C2
0.047
GATE
C3
0.1µF
N1
BSS123
CS
CS+
CS-
SCLK
R5
1MΩ
DIN
FB
GND
DACOUT
R6
24.9kΩ
R8
32.4kΩ
Figure 2. Typical Operating Circuit
INSTRUCTION
EXECUTED
VOUT
CS
GATE
1
FB
8
SCLK
MAX1932
DIN
D7
CS+
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
DO
CS-
Figure 3. Taking Feedback Ahead of Output Filter
Figure 4. Serial Interface Timing Diagram
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX1932
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
CS
tCSW
tCSH0
tCSS0
tCSH1
tCH
SCLK
tCL
tDS
tCSS1
tDH
DIN
Figure 5. Detailed Serial Interface Timing Diagram
12
______________________________________________________________________________________
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
MAX1932
120
100
80
90V,
1mA
90V,
2.5mA
POLE1
0.0023Hz
0.0023Hz
ZERO1
36Hz
36Hz
POLE2
36Hz
91Hz
POLE3
4.2kHz
4.2kHz
AOL
102dB
98dB
MAGNITUDE (dB)
60
40
36Hz
91Hz
20
0.01
0.1
1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10
100
1k
10k
4.2k
Figure 6. Loop Response
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
MAX1932
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
VIN
330µH
VOUT
0.1µF
1µF
GATE
FB
MAX1932
CS+
CS-
Figure 7. Adding a Post LC Filter
VIN
TO CS+
TO CSR1
VOUT
GATE
R5
MAX1932
FB
R8
R9
R10
NTC
THERMISTOR
Figure 8. Adding an NTC Thermistor for Hardware Temperature Compensation; Output Voltage Increases with Temperature Rise
14
______________________________________________________________________________________
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
PACKAGE OUTLINE
12,16,20,24L QFN THIN, 4x4x0.8 mm
21-0139
A
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
MAX1932
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MAX1932
Digitally Controlled, 0.5% Accurate, Safest APD
Bias Supply
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
PACKAGE OUTLINE
12,16,20,24L QFN THIN, 4x4x0.8 mm
21-0139
A
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
16 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 2002 Maxim Integrated Products
Printed USA
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.