19-6149; Rev 0; 2/12 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface General Description The MAX5816 4-channel, low-power, 12-bit, voltageoutput digital-to-analog converter (DAC) includes output buffers and an internal reference that is selectable to be 2.048V, 2.500V, or 4.096V. The MAX5816 accepts a wide supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V with extremely low power (3mW) consumption to accommodate most lowvoltage applications. A precision external reference input allows rail-to-rail operation and presents a 100kI (typ) load to an external reference. The MAX5816 has an I2C-compatible, 2-wire interface that operates at clock rates up to 400kHz. The DAC output is buffered and has a low supply current of less than 250FA per channel and a low offset error of Q0.5mV (typ). On power-up, the MAX5816 resets the DAC outputs to zero, providing additional safety for applications that drive valves or other transducers which need to be off on power-up. The internal reference is initially powered down to allow use of an external reference. The MAX5816 allows simultaneous output updates using software LOAD commands. Multiple devices can simultaneously be updated using software load command in combination with the broadcast ID. Benefits and Features SFour High-Accuracy DAC Channels 12-Bit Accuracy Without Adjustment ±1 LSB INL Buffered Voltage Output Guaranteed Monotonic Over All Operating Conditions Independent Mode Settings for Each DAC SThree Precision Selectable Internal References 2.048V, 2.500V, or 4.096V SInternal Output Buffer Rail-to-Rail Operation with External Reference 4.5µs Settling Time Outputs Directly Drive 2kI Loads SSmall 3mm x 3mm 10-Pin TDFN Package SWide 2.7V to 5.5V Supply Range SFast 400kHz I2C-Compatible, 2-Wire Serial Interface SPower-On-Reset to Zero-Scale DAC Output SThree Software-Selectable Power-Down Output Impedances 1kI, 100kI, or High Impedance The MAX5816 is available in a 10-pin TDFN package and is specified over the -40NC to +125NC temperature range. Applications Functional Diagram Programmable Voltage and Current Sources Gain and Offset Adjustment VDD Automatic Tuning and Optical Control REF Power Amplifier Control and Biasing Process Control and Servo Loops Portable Instrumentation Data Acquisition Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet. MAX5816 INTERNAL REFERENCE/ EXTERNAL BUFFER SCL SDA 1 OF 4 DAC CHANNELS I2C SERIAL INTERFACE CODE REGISTER DAC LATCH 8 -/10-/12-BIT DAC OUTA BUFFER ADDR OUTB CODE POR CLEAR/ RESET LOAD OUTC CLEAR/ RESET DAC CONTROL LOGIC 100kI 1kI OUTD POWER-DOWN GND For related parts and recommended products to use with this part, refer to: www.maxim-ic.com/MAX5816.related ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VDD to GND..............................................................-0.3V to +6V OUT_, REF to GND.....0.3V to the lower of (VDD + 0.3V) and +6V SCL, SDA to GND....................................................-0.3V to +6V ADDR to GND.........-0.3V to the lower of (VDD + 0.3V) and +6V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) TDFN (derate at 24.4mW/NC above 70NC)..............1951.2mW Maximum Continuous Current into Any Pin..................... Q50mA Operating Temperature..................................... -40NC to +125NC Storage Temperature........................................ -65NC to +150NC Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300NC Soldering Temperature (reflow)..................................... +260NC Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 1) TDFN Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) ..........41NC/W Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θJC)..................9NC/W Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a fourlayer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, VGND = 0V, CL = 200pF, RL = 2kI, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS DC PERFORMANCE (Note 3) Resolution and Monotonicity N 12 Integral Nonlinearity (Note 4) INL -1 Q0. 5 +1 LSB Differential Nonlinearity (Note 4) DNL -1 Q0.2 +1 LSB OE -5 Q0.5 +5 mV GE -1.0 Q0.1 Offset Error (Note 5) Offset Error Drift Bits Q10 Gain Error (Note 5) Gain Temperature Coefficient With respect to VREF Zero-Scale Error Full-Scale Error With respect to VREF FV/NC +1.0 %FS ppm of FS/NC Q3.0 0 10 mV -0.5 +0.5 %FS DAC OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS No load Output Voltage Range (Note 6) 0 VDD 2kI load to GND 0 VDD 0.2 2kI load to VDD 0.2 VDD V ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 2 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, VGND = 0V, CL = 200pF, RL = 2kI, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL Load Regulation CONDITIONS VOUT = VFS/2 DC Output Impedance VOUT = VFS/2 Maximum Capacitive Load Handling CL Resistive Load Handling RL Short-Circuit Output Current TYP 300 VDD = 5V Q10%, |IOUT| P 10mA 300 VDD = 3V Q10%, |IOUT| P 5mA 0.3 VDD = 5V Q10%, |IOUT| P 10mA 0.3 MAX UNITS FV/mA I 500 2 VDD = 5.5V DC Power-Supply Rejection MIN VDD = 3V Q10%, |IOUT| P 5mA pF kI Sourcing (output shorted to GND) 30 Sinking (output shorted to VDD) 50 mA VDD = 3V Q10% or 5V Q10% 100 FV/V DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Voltage-Output Slew Rate Positive and negative 1.0 V/Fs Voltage-Output Settling Time ¼ scale to ¾ scale, to P 1 LSB 4.5 Fs DAC Glitch Impulse Major code transition 2 nV*s Channel-to-Channel Feedthrough (Note 7) External reference 3.5 Internal reference 3.3 Digital Feedthrough Code = 0, all digital inputs from 0V to VDD 0.2 nV*s Startup calibration time (Note 8) 200 Fs From power-down 50 Fs Power-Up Time SR External reference Output Voltage-Noise Density (DAC Output at Midscale) f = 1kHz nV*s 90 f = 10kHz 82 2.048V internal reference f = 1kHz 112 f = 10kHz 102 2.5V internal reference f = 1kHz 125 f = 10kHz 110 4.096V internal reference f = 1kHz 160 f = 10kHz 145 nV/√Hz ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 3 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, VGND = 0V, CL = 200pF, RL = 2kI, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS External reference 2.048V internal reference Integrated Output Noise (DAC Output at Midscale) 2.5V internal reference TYP f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 12 f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz 76 f = 0.1Hz to 300kHz 385 f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 14 f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz 91 f = 0.1Hz to 300kHz 450 f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 15 f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz 99 f = 0.1Hz to 300kHz 470 f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 16 f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz 124 f = 0.1Hz to 300kHz 490 f = 1kHz 114 f = 10kHz 99 2.048V internal reference f = 1kHz 175 f = 10kHz 153 2.5V internal reference f = 1kHz 200 f = 10kHz 174 4.096V internal reference f = 1kHz 295 f = 10kHz 255 f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 13 f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz 94 f = 0.1Hz to 300kHz 540 f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 19 f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz 143 f = 0.1Hz to 300kHz 685 f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 21 f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz 159 f = 0.1Hz to 300kHz 705 f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 26 f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz 213 f = 0.1Hz to 300kHz 750 4.096V internal reference External reference Output Voltage-Noise Density (DAC Output at Full Scale) MIN External reference 2.048V internal reference Integrated Output Noise (DAC Output at Full Scale) 2.5V internal reference 4.096V internal reference MAX UNITS FVP-P nV/√Hz FVP-P REFERENCE INPUT Reference Input Range VREF Reference Input Current IREF Reference Input Impedance RREF 1.24 VREF = VDD = 5.5V VDD 55 75 100 74 V FA kI ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 4 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, VGND = 0V, CL = 200pF, RL = 2kI, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX VREF = 2.048V, TA = +25NC 2.043 2.048 2.053 VREF = 2.5V, TA = +25NC 2.494 2.5 2.506 VREF = 4.096V, TA = +25NC 4.086 4.096 4.106 Q10 Q25 UNITS REFERENCE OUPUT Reference Output Voltage VREF Reference Temperature Coefficient Reference Drive Capacity External load Reference Capacitive Load Reference Load Regulation ISOURCE = 0 to 500FA Reference Line Regulation V ppm/NC 25 kI 200 pF 2 mV/mA 0.05 mV/V POWER REQUIREMENTS Supply Voltage VDD Supply Current (Note 9) IDD VREF = 4.096V 4.5 5.5 All other options 2.7 5.5 Internal reference, VDD = 5.5V External reference Power-Down Mode Supply Current IPD VREF = 2.048V 0.85 1.25 VREF = 2.5V 0.9 1.25 VREF = 4.096V 1.1 1.40 VDD = VREF = 3V 0.65 1.1 VDD = VREF = 5V 0.9 1.25 All DACs off, internal reference ON 140 All DACs off, internal reference OFF, TA = -40NC to +85NC 0.5 1 All DACs off, internal reference OFF, TA = +125NC 1.2 2.5 V mA FA DIGITAL INPUT CHARACTERISTICS (SCL, SDA, ADDR) Input High Voltage VIH 2.7V < VDD < 5.5V Input Low Voltage VIL 2.7V < VDD < 5.5V Hysteresis Voltage VH Input Leakage Current IIN Input Capacitance (Note 10) CIN ADDR Pullup/Pulldown Strength RPU, RPD 0.7 x VDD V 0.3 x VDD 0.15 VIN = 0V or VDD (Note 11) Q0.1 30 50 V V Q1 FA 10 pF 90 kI 0.2 V DIGITAL OUTPUT (SDA) Output Low Voltage VOL ISINK = 3mA ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 5 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, VGND = 0V, CL = 200pF, RL = 2kI, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER I2C SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 400 kHz TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (SCL, SDA) SCL Clock Frequency fSCL Bus Free Time Between a STOP and a START Condition tBUF 1.3 Fs tHD;STA 0.6 Fs SCL Pulse Width Low tLOW 1.3 Fs SCL Pulse Width High tHIGH 0.6 Fs Setup Time for Repeated START Condition tSU;STA 0.6 Fs Data Hold Time tHD;DAT 0 Data Setup Time tSU;DAT 100 SDA and SCL Receiving Rise Time tr 20 + CB/10 300 ns SDA and SCL Receiving Fall Time tf 20 + CB/10 300 ns SDA Transmitting Fall Time tf 20 + CB/10 250 ns tSU;STO 0.6 Bus Capacitance Allowed CB 10 Pulse Width of Suppressed Spike tsp Hold Time Repeated for a START Condition Setup Time for STOP Condition 900 ns ns Fs 400 50 pF ns Note 2: Limits are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C and/or TA = +125°C. Limits over the operating temperature range and relevant supply voltage range are guaranteed by design and characterization. Typical values are at TA = +25°C and are not guaranteed. Note 3: DC Performance is tested without load. Note 4: Linearity is tested with unloaded outputs to within 20mV of GND and VDD. Note 5: Gain and offset tested at code 4065 and 30, respectively with VREF = VDD. Note 6: Subject to zero and full-scale error limits and VREF settings. Note 7: Measured with all other DAC outputs at midscale with one channel transitioning 0 to full scale. Note 8: On power-up, the device initiates an internal 200µs (typ) calibration sequence. All commands issued during this time will be ignored. Note 9: All channels active at VFS, unloaded. Static logic inputs with VIL = VGND and VIH = VDD. Note 10:Guaranteed by design. Note 11:An unconnected condition on the ADDR pin is sensed via a resistive pullup and pulldown operation; for proper operation, the ADDR pin should be tied to VDD, GND, or left unconnected with minimal capacitance. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 6 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface SDA tLOW tf tSU;DAT tr tSP tHD;STA tf tBUF tr SCL tHD;STA S tHIGH tSU;STO tSU;STA tHD;DAT Sr P S Figure 1. I2C Serial Interface Timing Diagram Typical Operating Characteristics (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) VDD = VREF = 5V NO LOAD 0.8 0.6 DNL vs. CODE 1.0 MAX5816 toc02 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2 DNL (LSB) 0.4 0 0 -0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 CODE (LSB) VDD = VREF = 3V NO LOAD 0.8 0.4 INL (LSB) INL (LSB) MAX5816 toc01 VDD = VREF = 3V NO LOAD 0.8 INL vs. CODE 1.0 MAX5816 toc03 INL vs. CODE 1.0 -1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 CODE (LSB) 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 CODE (LSB) ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 7 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX5816 toc04 VDD = VREF = 5V NO LOAD 0.6 0 -0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 1.0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 0 -0.2 -0.4 MIN DNL MIN INL MIN DNL -0.6 MIN INL -0.8 -1.0 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 5.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) OFFSET AND ZERO-SCALE ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE OFFSET AND ZERO-SCALE ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE FULL-SCALE ERROR AND GAIN-ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 0.6 ZERO-SCALE ERROR 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 VREF = 2.5V (EXTERNAL) NO LOAD ZERO-SCALE ERROR 0.020 0.016 0.012 0 -0.2 OFFSET ERROR -0.4 0.2 OFFSET ERROR (VDD = 5V) 0 -0.2 -0.4 OFFSET ERROR (VDD = 3V) ERROR (%fs) ERROR (mV) 0.2 0.004 0 -0.004 -0.6 -0.012 -0.8 -0.8 -0.016 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.1 5.5 VREF = 2.5V (EXTERNAL) NO LOAD -0.020 -1.0 3.1 FULL-SCALE ERROR -0.008 -0.6 -1.0 GAIN ERROR 0.008 0.4 2.7 MAX DNL 0.2 CODE (LSB) VREF = 2.5V (EXTERNAL) NO LOAD 0.8 MAX INL 0.4 MAX DNL 0.2 -0.4 0.6 ERROR (LSB) ERROR (LSB) 0.2 0 ERROR (mV) MAX INL 0.4 MAX5816 toc07 DNL (LSB) 0.4 VDD = VREF = 3V 0.8 MAX5816 toc09 0.6 VDD = VREF = 3V 0.8 MAX5816 toc08 0.8 INL AND DNL vs. TEMPERATURE 1.0 MAX5816 toc06 INL AND DNL vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.0 MAX5816 toc05 DNL vs. CODE 1.0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 8 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) -0.05 1.0 MAX5816 toc11 0.8 VREF (INTERNAL) = 2.048V, VDD = 5V VREF (EXTERNAL) = VDD = 3V 0.4 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 0.8 TA = +25°C 0.4 3.9 4.3 0 2.7 4.7 VDD = VREF = 5V VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V 1.2 VDD = 5V, VREF = 2.5V 1.0 0.8 0.6 VDD = VREF = 3V 0.4 5.1 5.5 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 60 VDD = 5V, VREF = 2.048V VDD = VREF NO LOAD 50 40 VREF = 5V 30 VREF = 3V 20 10 0 0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 CODE (LSB) CODE (LSB) SETTLING TO ±1 LSB (VDD = VREF = 5V, RL = 2kI, CL = 200pF) MAX5816 toc16 SETTLING TO ±1 LSB (VDD = VREF = 5V, RL = 2kI, CL = 200pF) VOUT 0.5V/div 3.1 IREF (EXTERNAL) vs. CODE 0.2 TA = -40°C 3.5 0.1 REFERENCE CURRENT (µA) TA = +125°C 3.1 0.3 VDD (V) NO LOAD 1.4 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 1.2 2.7 VREF (INTERNAL) = 2.048V, VDD = 5V 0.4 IVDD vs. CODE 1.6 MAX5816 toc13 POWER-DOWN MODE ALL DACs 0 VREF (INTERNAL) = 2.5V 0.5 TEMPERATURE (°C) POWER-DOWN MODE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE TA = +85°C VREF = 2.5V (EXTERNAL) 0.6 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.6 -0.10 POWER-DOWN SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 0.8 MAX5816 toc15 GAIN ERROR (VDD = 3V) VREF (INTERNAL) = 4.096V, VDD = 5V VREF (INTERNAL) = 2.5V, VDD = 5V 3/4 SCALE TO 1/4 SCALE 1/4 SCALE TO 3/4 SCALE MAX5816 toc17 0 FULL-SCALE ERROR 1.2 NO LOAD VREF (INTERNAL) = 4.096V OUT_ = FULL SCALE TA = +25°C 0.9 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) GAIN ERROR (VDD = 5V) OUT_ = FULL SCALE NO LOAD VREF (EXTERNAL) = VDD = 5V 1.0 MAX5816 toc14 ERROR (%fsr) 0.05 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) VREF = 2.5V (EXTERNAL) NO LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 1.4 MAX5816 toc10 0.10 MAX5816 toc12 FULL-SCALE ERROR AND GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE 4.3µs VOUT 0.5V/div ZOOMED VOUT 1 LSB/div ZOOMED VOUT 1 LSB/div 3.75µs TRIGGER PULSE 5V/div TRIGGER PULSE 5V/div 4µs/div 4µs/div ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 9 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX5816 toc18 1 LSB CHANGE (MIDCODE TRANSITION 0x800 TO 0x7FF) GLITCH IMPULSE = 2nV*s 1 LSB CHANGE (MIDCODE TRANSITION 0x7FF TO 0x800) GLITCH IMPULSE = 2nV*s ZOOMED VOUT 1.25mV/div ZOOMED VOUT 1.25mV/div TRIGGER PULSE 5V/div TRIGGER PULSE 5V/div 2µs/div MAX5816 toc19 MAJOR CODE TRANSITION GLITCH ENERGY (VDD = VREF = 5V, RL = 2kI, CL = 200pF) MAJOR CODE TRANSITION GLITCH ENERGY (VDD = VREF = 5V, RL = 2kI, CL = 200pF) 2µs/div VOUT vs. TIME TRANSIENT EXITING POWER-DOWN POWER-ON RESET TO 0V MAX5816 toc21 MAX5816 toc20 VSCL 5V/div 36TH EDGE DAC OUTPUT 500mV/div VDD 2V/div VDD = VREF = 5V 10kI LOAD TO VDD 0V 0V VOUT 2V/div 0V VDD = 5V, VREF = 2.5V EXTERNAL 0V CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL FEEDTHROUGH (VDD = VREF = 5V, TA = +25NC, RL = 2kI, CL = 200pF) CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL FEEDTHROUGH (VDD = VREF = 5V, TA = +25NC, NO LOAD) TRANSITIONING DAC 1V/div RL = 2kI STATIC DAC 1.25mV/div NO LOAD TRANSITIONING DAC: 0 TO FULL SCALE STATIC DAC: MIDSCALE ANALOG CROSSTALK = 3.5nV*s 4µs/div MAX5816 toc23 20µs/div MAX5816 toc22 10µs/div TRIGGER PULSE 10V/div TRANSITIONING DAC 1V/div NO LOAD STATIC DAC 1.25mV/div NO LOAD TRIGGER PULSE 10V/div TRANSITIONING DAC: 0 TO FULL SCALE STATIC DAC: MIDSCALE ANALOG CROSSTALK = 1.8nV*s 5µs/div ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 10 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL FEEDTHROUGH (VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V (INTERNAL), TA = +25NC, RL = 2kI, CL = 200pF) CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL FEEDTHROUGH (VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V (INTERNAL), TA = +25NC, NO LOAD) MAX5816 toc25 MAX5816 toc24 TRANSITIONING DAC 1V/div RL = 2kI STATIC DAC 1.25mV/div NO LOAD STATIC DAC 1.25mV/div NO LOAD TRANSITIONING DAC: 0 TO FULL SCALE STATIC DAC: MIDSCALE ANALOG CROSSTALK = 3.3nV*s TRANSITIONING DAC: 0 TO FULL SCALE STATIC DAC: MIDSCALE ANALOG CROSSTALK = 1.1nV*S TRIGGER PULSE 10V/div 4µs/div 5µs/div DIGITAL FEEDTHROUGH (VDD = VREF = 5V, RL = 2kI, CL = 200pF) VDD = VREF 8 6 200 2 0 VDD = 3V -2 -300 -8 -400 VOUT (V) 3.50 3.00 2.50 VDD = 3V, SOURCING 2.00 1.50 VDD = 3V AND 5V SINKING 1.00 VDD = VREF DAC = FULL SCALE 0.50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 IOUT (mA) IOUT (mA) NOISE-VOLTAGE DENSITY VS. FREQUENCY (DAC AT MIDSCALE) 0.1Hz TO 10Hz OUTPUT NOISE, EXTERNAL REFERENCE (VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.5V) MAX5816 toc31 MAX5816 toc30 350 NOISE-VOLTAGE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) MAX5816 toc29 VDD = 5V, SOURCING 4.00 VDD = 3V -500 -30 -20 -10 4.50 -100 -6 -10 5.00 0 -200 HEADROOM AT RAILS vs. OUTPUT CURRENT VDD = 5V 100 -4 50ns/div VDD = VREF 300 DVOUT (mV) DVOUT (mV) DIGITAL FEEDTHROUGH = 0.1nV*s 400 VDD = 5V 4 VOUT_ 1.65mV/div 500 MAX5816 toc27 MAX5816 toc26 VDD = 5V VREF = 5V (EXTERNAL) DAC AT MIDSCALE OUTPUT CURRENT LIMITING OUTPUT LOAD REGULATION 10 MAX5816 toc28 TRIGGER PULSE 10V/div TRANSITIONING DAC 1V/div NO LOAD VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V (INTERNAL) 300 MIDSCALE UNLOADED VP-P = 12µV VDD = 5V, VREF = 2.5V (INTERNAL) 250 VDD = 5V, VREF = 2.048V (INTERNAL) 200 2µV/div 150 100 50 VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.5V (EXTERNAL) 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 IOUT (mA) 7 8 9 10 100 1k 10k 100k 4s/div FREQUENCY (Hz) ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 11 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) 0.1Hz TO 10Hz OUTPUT NOISE, INTERNAL REFERENCE (VDD = 5V, VREF = 2.048V) 0.1Hz TO 10Hz OUTPUT NOISE, INTERNAL REFERENCE (VDD = 5V, VREF = 2.5V) MAX5816 toc32 MAX5816 toc33 MIDSCALE UNLOADED VP-P = 13µV MIDSCALE UNLOADED VP-P = 15µV 2µV/div 2µV/div 4s/div 4s/div 0.1Hz TO 10Hz OUTPUT NOISE, INTERNAL REFERENCE (VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V) 8 MIDSCALE UNLOADED VP-P = 16µV MAX5816 toc35 VREF DRIFT vs. TEMPERATURE MAX5816 toc34 VDD = 2.7V VREF = 2.5V BOX METHOD 7 2µV/div DEVICE COUNT 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4s/div TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (ppm/°C) -0.4 -0.6 VREF = 2.048V, 2.5V, AND 4.096V -0.8 VDD = 5V (RAMP UP) 1000 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) DVREF (mV) -0.2 MAX5816 toc36 VDD = 5V INTERNAL REFERENCE 1200 800 VDD = 5V (RAMP DOWN) 600 VDD = 3V (RAMP UP) 400 200 -1.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 REFERENCE OUTPUT CURRENT (µA) MAX5816 toc37 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. INPUT LOGIC VOLTAGE REFERENCE LOAD REGULATION 0 VDD = 3V (RAMP DOWN) 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 INPUT LOGIC VOLTAGE (V) ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 12 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Pin Configuration TOP VIEW 1 OUTB 2 GND 3 OUTC 4 OUTD 5 10 REF + OUTA MAX5816 *EP 9 VDD 8 SDA 7 SCL 6 ADDR TDFN Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 OUTA Buffered Channel A DAC Output 2 OUTB Buffered Channel B DAC Output 3 GND Ground 4 OUTC Buffered Channel C DAC Output 5 OUTD Buffered Channel D DAC Output 6 ADDR I2C Address Selection Input 7 SCL Supply Voltage Input. I2C Interface Clock Input 8 SDA I2C Bidirectional Serial Data 9 VDD Digital Interface Power-Supply Input. Bypass with a 0.1μF capacitor to GND. 10 REF Reference Voltage Input/Output — EP Exposed Pad. Connect the exposed pad to ground. ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 13 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Detailed Description commands or can upload the current contents of the CODE register using LOAD commands. The MAX5816 is a 4-channel, low-power, 12-bit buffered voltage-output DAC. The 2.7V to 5.5V wide supply voltage range and low-power consumption accommodates most low-power and low-voltage applications. The device presents a 100kI load to the external reference. The internal output buffers allow rail-to-rail operation. An internal voltage reference is available with software selectable options of 2.048V, 2.5V, or 4.096V. The device features a fast 400kHz I2C-compatible interface. The MAX5816 includes a serial-in/parallel-out shift register, internal CODE and DAC registers, a power-on-reset (POR) circuit to initialize the DAC outputs to code zero, and control logic. The contents of both CODE and DAC registers are maintained during power-down states, so that when the DACs are powered on, they return to their previously stored output settings. Any CODE or LOAD commands issued during power-down states continue to update the register contents. SW_CLEAR and SW_RESET commands (both clear and reset modes) reset the contents of all CODE and DAC registers to their zero-scale defaults. DAC Outputs (OUT_) The MAX5816 includes internal buffers on all DAC outputs. The internal output buffers provide improved load regulation for the DAC outputs. The output buffers slew at 1V/Fs (typ) and drive up to 2kI in parallel with 500pF. Under no-load conditions, the output buffers drive from GND to VDD, subject to offset and gain errors. With a 2kω load to GND, the output buffers drive from GND to within 200mV of VDD. With a 2kω load to VDD, the output buffers drive to within 200mV of GND and VDD. The DAC ideal output voltage is defined by: D VOUT = VREF × 2N where D = code loaded into the DAC register, VREF = reference voltage, N = resolution. Internal Register Structure The user interface is separated from the DAC logic to minimize digital feedthrough. Within the serial interface is an input shift register, the contents of which can be routed to control registers, individual, or multiple DACs as determined by the user command. Within each DAC channel there is a CODE register followed by a DAC latch register (see the Detailed Functional Diagram). The contents of the CODE register hold pending DAC output settings which can later be loaded into the DAC registers. The CODE register can be updated using both CODE and CODE_LOAD user commands. The contents of the DAC register hold the current DAC output settings. The DAC register can be updated directly from the serial interface using the CODE_LOAD Internal Reference The MAX5816 includes an internal precision voltage reference that is software selectable to be 2.048V, 2.500V, or 4.096V. When an internal reference is selected, that voltage is available on the REF pin for other external circuitry (see Figure 9) and can drive a 25kI load. External Reference The external reference input has a typical input impedance of 100kI and accepts an input voltage from +1.24V to VDD. Connect an external voltage supply between REF and GND to apply an external reference. The MAX5816 powers up and resets to external reference mode. Visit www.maxim-ic.com/products/references for a list of available external voltage-reference devices. I2C Serial Interface The MAX5816 features an I2C-/SMBusK-compatible, 2-wire serial interface consisting of a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). SDA and SCL enable communication between the MAX5816 and the master at clock rates up to 400kHz. Figure 1 shows the 2-wire interface timing diagram. The master generates SCL and initiates data transfer on the bus. The master device writes data to the MAX5816 by transmitting the proper slave address followed by the command byte and then the data word. Each transmit sequence is framed by a START (S) or Repeated START (Sr) condition and a STOP (P) condition. Each word transmitted to the MAX5816 is 8 bits long and is followed by an acknowledge clock pulse. A master reading data from the MAX5816 must transmit the proper slave address followed by a series of nine SCL pulses for each byte of data requested. The MAX5816 transmits data on SDA in sync with the master-generated SCL pulses. The master acknowledges receipt of each byte of data. Each read sequence is framed by a START or Repeated START condition, a not acknowledge, and a STOP condition. SDA operates as both an input and ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 14 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface an open-drain output. A pullup resistor, typically 4.7kI is required on SDA. SCL operates only as an input. A pullup resistor, typically 4.7kI, is required on SCL if there are multiple masters on the bus, or if the single master has an open-drain SCL output. Series resistors in line with SDA and SCL are optional. Series resistors protect the digital inputs of the MAX5816 from high voltage spikes on the bus lines and minimize crosstalk and undershoot of the bus signals. The MAX5816 can accommodate bus voltages higher than VDD up to a limit of 5.5V; bus voltages lower than VDD are not recommended and may result in significantly increased interface currents. I2C START and STOP Conditions SDA and SCL idle high when the bus is not in use. A master initiates communication by issuing a START condition. A START condition is a high-to-low transition on SDA with SCL high. A STOP condition is a low-to-high transition on SDA while SCL is high (Figure 2). A START condition from the master signals the beginning of a transmission to the MAX5816. The master terminates transmission and frees the bus, by issuing a STOP condition. The bus remains active if a Repeated START condition is generated instead of a STOP condition. I2C Early STOP and Repeated START Conditions The MAX5816 recognizes a STOP condition at any point during data transmission except if the STOP condition occurs in the same high pulse as a START condition. Transmissions ending in an early STOP condition will not impact the internal device settings. If the STOP occurs during a readback byte, the transmission is terminated and a later read mode request will begin transfer of the requested register data from the beginning (this applies to combined format I2C read mode transfers only, interface verification mode transfers will be corrupted). See Figure 2. I2C Slave Address The slave address is defined as the seven most significant bits (MSBs) followed by the R/W bit. See Figure 4. The five most significant bits are 00011 with the 2 LSBs determined by ADDR as shown in Table 1. Setting the R/W bit to 1 configures the MAX5816 for read mode. S Sr P SCL SDA VALID START, REPEATED START, AND STOP PULSES P S S P P S P INVALID START/STOP PULSE PAIRINGS -ALL WILL BE RECOGNIZED AS STARTS Figure 2. I2C START, Repeated START, and STOP Conditions Setting the R/W bit to 0 configures the MAX5816 for write mode. The slave address is the first byte of information sent to the MAX5816 after the START condition. The MAX5816 has the ability to detect an unconnected state on the ADDR input for additional address flexibility; if leaving the ADDR input unconnected, be certain to minimize all loading on the pin (i.e. provide a landing for the pin, but do not allow any board traces). Table 1. I2C Slave Address LSBs for TDFN Package ADDR A1 A0 VDD 0 0 N.C. 1 0 GND 1 1 ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 15 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface I2C Broadcast Address A broadcast address is provided for the purpose of updating or configuring all MAX5816 devices on a given I2C bus. All MAX5816 devices acknowledge and respond to the broadcast device address 00010000. The devices will respond to the broadcast address, regardless of the state of the address pins. The broadcast mode is intended for use in write mode only (as indicated by R/W = 0 in the address given). I2C Acknowledge In write mode, the acknowledge bit (ACK) is a clocked 9th bit that the MAX5816 uses to handshake receipt of each byte of data as shown in Figure 3. The MAX5816 pulls down SDA during the entire master-generated 9th clock pulse if the previous byte is successfully received. Monitoring ACK allows for detection of unsuccessful data transfers. An unsuccessful data transfer occurs if a receiving device is busy or if a system fault has occurred. In the event of an unsuccessful data transfer, the bus master will retry communication. In read mode, the master pulls down SDA during the 9th clock cycle to acknowledge receipt of data when the MAX5816 is in read mode. An acknowledge is sent by the master after each read byte to allow data transfer to continue. A not-acknowledge is sent when the master reads the final byte of data from the MAX5816, followed by a STOP condition. I2C Command Byte and Data Bytes A command byte follows the slave address. A command byte is typically followed by two data bytes unless it is the last byte in the transmission. If data bytes follow the command byte, the command byte indicates the address of the register that is to receive the following two data bytes. The data bytes are stored in a temporary register and then transferred to the appropriate register during WRITE ADDRESS BYTE #1: I2C SLAVE ADDRESS WRITE COMMAND BYTE #2: COMMAND BYTE (B[23:16]) the ACK periods between bytes. This avoids any glitching or digital feedthrough to the DACs while the interface is active. I2C Write Operations (Standard Protocol) A master device communicates with the MAX5816 by transmitting the proper slave address followed by command and data words. Each transmit sequence is framed by a START or Repeated START condition and a STOP condition as described above. Each word is 8 bits long and is always followed by an acknowledge clock (ACK) pulse as shown in the Figure 4 and Figure 5. The first byte contains the address of the MAX5816 with R/W = 0 to indicate a write. The second byte contains the command (or register) to be written and the third and fourth bytes contain the data to be written. By repeating the command plus data byte pairs (Byte #2 through Byte #4 in Figure 4 and Figure 5), the user can execute multiple command writes using a single I2C write sequence. There is no limit as to how many commands the user can execute with a single write sequence. The MAX5816 supports this capability for all user-accessible write mode commands. CLOCK PULSE FOR ACKNOWLEDGMENT START CONDITION SCL 1 2 9 NOT ACKNOWLEDGE SDA ACKNOWLEDGE Figure 3. I2C Acknowledge WRITE DATA BYTE #3: DATA HIGH BYTE (B[15:8]) WRITE DATA BYTE #4: DATA LOW BYTE (B[7:0]) START SDA SCL STOP 0 0 0 1 1 A1 A0 W A 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 A 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 A 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A COMMAND EXECUTED A ACK. GENERATED BY MAX5816 Figure 4. I2C Single Register Write Sequence ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 16 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Readback of individual DAC registers is supported for all user LOAD and CODE_LOAD commands. For these commands, which support a DAC address, the requested DAC register content will be returned. If all DACs are selected, DACA content will be returned. Modified readback of the POWER register is supported for the POWER command. The power status of each DAC is reported in locations B[3:0], with a 1 indicating the DAC is powered down and a zero indicating the DAC is operational (see Table 2). Readback of all other registers is not directly supported. All requests to read unsupported registers reads back the device’s reference status device ID and revision information in the format is shown in Table 2. I2C Write Operation (Multibyte Operation) The MAX5816 supports a multibyte transfer protocol for some commands. In multibyte mode, once a command is issued (with multibyte bit = 1), that command is continuously executed based on two byte data blocks for the duration I2C operation. Essentially, bytes 1 to 4 are processed normally, but for every two bytes of data provided after byte 4, the originally requested command is executed again with the latest byte pair provided as input data. Multibyte protocol is enforced until a STOP condition (or repeated START) is encountered, this provides a higher speed transfer mode that is useful in servo DAC applications. Combined Format I2C Readback Operations Interface Verification I2C Readback Operations Each readback sequence is framed by a START or Repeated START condition and a STOP condition. Each word is 8 bits long and is followed by an acknowledge clock pulse as shown in Figure 6. The first byte contains the address of the MAX5816 with R/W = 0 to indicate a write. The second byte contains the register that is to be read back. There is a Repeated START condition, followed by the device address with R/W = 1 to indicate a read and an acknowledge clock. The master has control of the SCL line but the MAX5816 takes over the SDA line. The final two bytes in the frame contain the register data readback followed by a STOP condition. If additional bytes beyond those required to readback the requested data are provided, the MAX5816 will continue to readback ones. While the MAX5816 supports standard I2C readback of selected registers, it is also capable of functioning in an interface verification mode. This mode is accessed any time a readback operation follows an executed write mode command. In this mode, the last executed threebyte command is read back in its entirety. This behavior allows verification of the interface. Sample command sequences are shown in Figure 7. The first command transfer is given in write mode with R/W = 0 and must be run to completion to qualify for interface verification readback. There is now a STOP/START pair or Repeated START condition required, followed by the readback transfer with R/W = 1 to indicate a read and an acknowledge clock from the MAX5816. The master still has control of the SCL line but the MAX5816 takes over the SDA line. The final three bytes in the frame contain the command and register data written in the first transfer presented for readback, followed by a STOP condition. If additional bytes beyond those required to read back the requested data are provided, the MAX5816 will continue to read back ones. Readback of individual CODE registers is supported for all the user CODE commands. For these commands, which support a DAC address, the requested channel CODE register content will be returned; if all DACs are selected, CODE A content will be returned. Table 2. Standard I2C User Readback Data COMMAND BYTE (REQUEST) READBACK DATA HIGH BYTE READBACK DATA LOW BYTE R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B3 B2 B1 B0 0 X 0 0 0 A2 A1 A0 CODEn[11:4] CODEn[3:0] B6 B5 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 1 A2 A1 A0 DACn[11:4] DACn[3:0] 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 1 0 A2 A1 A0 DACn[11:4] DACn[3:0] 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 1 1 A2 A1 A0 DACn[11:4] DACn[3:0] 0 0 0 0 0 X 1 0 0 X X X 0 X 1 0 1 X X X 0 X 1 1 0 X X X 0 X 1 1 1 X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 B4 0 PWD PWC PWB PWA REV_ID [2:0] (010) REF MODE [1:0] ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 17 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface START WRITE ADDRESS BYTE #1: I2C SLAVE ADDRESS 0 0 0 1 SDA SCL WRITE COMMAND1 BYTE #2: COMMAND1 BYTE (B[23:16]) WRITE DATA1 BYTE #3: DATA1 HIGH BYTE (B[15:8]) WRITE DATA1 BYTE #4: DATA1 LOW BYTE (B[7:0]) 1 A1 A0 W A 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 A 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 A 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A COMMAND1 EXECUTED ADDITIONAL COMMAND AND DATA PAIRS (3 BYTE BLOCKS) BYTE #5: COMMANDn BYTE (B[23:16]) BYTE #6: DATAn HIGH BYTE (B[15:8]) BYTE #7: DATAn LOW BYTE (B[7:0]) 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 A 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 A 7 6 5 4 STOP 3 2 1 0 A COMMANDn EXECUTED A ACK. GENERATED BY MAX5816 Figure 5. Multiple Register Write Sequence (Standard I2C Protocol) WRITE ADDRESS BYTE #1: DEVICE ADDRESS START WRITE REGISTER NO. BYTE #2: FIRST REG# = N WRITE DATA BYTE #3: REG(N)[15:8] DATA WRITE DATA BYTE #4: REG(N)[7:0] DATA 0 0 0 1 1 A1 A0 W A 0 1 N N N N N N A D D D D D D D D A D D D D D D D D A SDA SCL REG N UPDATED ADDITIONAL DATA BYTE PAIRS (2 BYTE BLOCKS) WRITE DATA BYTE #X-1: REG(N)[15:8] DATA WRITE DATA BYTE #X: REG(N)[7:0] DATA STOP D D D D D D D D A D D D D D D D D A REG N UPDATED A ACK. GENERATED BY I2C MASTER A ACK. GENERATED BY MAX5816 Figure 6. I2C Multibyte Register Write Sequence (Multibyte Protocol) WRITE ADDRESS BYTE #1: I2C SLAVE ADDRESS START SDA SCL 0 0 0 1 WRITE COMMAND 1 BYTE #2: COMMAND 1 BYTE 1 A1 A0 W A 0 0 N N N N N N A A ACK. GENERATED BY MAX5816 READ ADDRESS BYTE #3: I2C SLAVE ADDRESS REPEATED START 0 0 0 1 READ DATA BYTE #4: DATA 1 HIGH BYTE (B[15:8]) READ DATA BYTE #5: DATA 1 LOW BYTE (B[7:0]) STOP 1 A1 A0 R A D D D D D D D D A D D D D D D D D ~A A ACK. GENERATED BY I2C MASTER Figure 7. Standard I2C Register Read Sequence ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 18 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface START WRITE ADDRESS BYTE #1: I2C SLAVE ADDRESS 0 SDA 0 0 1 WRITE COMMAND BYTE #2: COMMAND BYTE (B[23:16]) WRITE DATA BYTE #3: DATA HIGH BYTE (B[15:8]) 1 A1 A0 W A 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 A 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 WRITE DATA BYTE #4: DATA LOW BYTE (B[7:0]) 8 A 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 STOP 0 A SCL POINTER UPDATED (QUALIFIES FOR COMBINED READ BACK) START WRITE ADDRESS BYTE #1: I2C SLAVE ADDRESS 0 START SDA 0 0 1 0 0 1 READ DATA BYTE #3: DATA HIGH BYTE (B[15:8]) 1 A1 A0 R A 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 A 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 WRITE ADDRESS BYTE #1: I2C SLAVE ADDRESS 0 READ COMMAND BYTE #2: COMMAND BYTE (B[23:16]) WRITE COMMAND BYTE #2: COMMAND BYTE (B[23:16]) COMMAND EXECUTED (QUALIFIES FOR INTERFACE READ BACK) READ DATA BYTE #4: DATA LOW BYTE (B[7:0]) 8 A 7 WRITE DATA BYTE #3: DATA HIGH BYTE (B[15:8]) 1 A1 A0 W A 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 A 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 6 5 4 3 2 1 STOP 0 ~A WRITE DATA BYTE #4: DATA LOW BYTE (B[7:0]) 8 A 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 REPEATED START 0 A SCL POINTER UPDATED (QUALIFIES FOR COMBINED READ BACK) WRITE ADDRESS BYTE #1: I2C SLAVE ADDRESS 0 0 0 1 READ COMMAND BYTE #2: COMMAND BYTE (B[23:16]) READ DATA BYTE #3: DATA HIGH BYTE (B[15:8]) 1 A1 A0 R A 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 A 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 A ACK. GENERATED BY MAX5816 COMMAND EXECUTED (QUALIFIES FOR INTERFACE READ BACK) READ DATA BYTE #4: DATA LOW BYTE (B[7:0]) 8 A 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 STOP 0 ~A A ACK. GENERATED BY I2C MASTER Figure 8. Interface Verification I2C Register Read Sequences ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 19 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface It is not necessary for the write and read mode transfers to occur immediately in sequence. I2C transfers involving other devices do not impact the MAX5816 readback mode. Toggling between readback modes is based on the length of the preceding write mode transfer. Combined format I2C readback operation is resumed if a write command greater than two bytes but less than four bytes is supplied. For commands written using multiple register write sequences, only the last command executed is read back. For each command written, the readback sequence can only be completed one time; partial and/or multiple attempts to readback executed in succession will not yield usable data. µC SDA SCL MAX5816 SCL SDA ADDR I2C Compatibility The MAX5816 is fully compatible with existing I2C systems. SCL and SDA are high-impedance inputs; SDA has an open drain which pulls the data line low to transmit data or ACK pulses. Figure 9 shows a typical I2C application. I2C User-Command Register Map MAX5816 +5V SCL SDA ADDR This section lists the user accessible commands and registers for the MAX5816. Table 3 provides detailed information about the Command Registers. Figure 9. Typical I2C Application Circuit ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 20 LOADn CODEn_ ALL LOAD_ CODEn_ LOADn CODEn 0 0 0 0 DAC COMMANDS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 COMMAND B23 B22 B21 B20 1 0 1 0 B19 X X ADDRESS DATA [11:4] CODE REGISTER DATA [11:4] DAC CODE REGISTER X DAC X ADDRESS ADDRESS DAC DATA [11:4] X B10 ADDRESS B11 CODE REGISTER B12 DAC X B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 Table 3. I2C Commands Summary X B9 X B8 B5 X X DATA [3:0] X B4 DATA [3:0] CODE REGISTER [3:0] CODE REGISTER DATA X B6 CODE REGISTER B7 X X X X B3 X X X X B2 X X X X B1 X X X X B0 Simultaneously writes data to the selected CODE register(s) while updating selected DAC register(s). Simultaneously writes data to the selected CODE register(s) while updating all DAC registers. Transfers data from the selected CODE registers to the selected DAC register(s). Writes data to the selected CODE register(s). DESCRIPTION MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 21 0 0 REF 0 0 CONFIG CLEAR SW_ RESET or SW_ POWER X X X X 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 CONFIGURATION COMMANDS 1 0 1 0 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 X X X X B12 X X X X B11 X X X X B10 X X X X B9 X X X X B8 X X X X B7 X X X X B6 B4 X X X Hi-Z X X X 11 = PD 100kI 10 = PD 1kI 01 = PD Normal 00 = Mode Power B5 B3 B2 B1 0= X RST 1= REF Mode CLR X X B0 X DAC D DAC D DAC C DAC C REF Pow-er Mode B18 DAC B DAC B COMMAND B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 DAC A 11 = 4.1V 10 = 2.0V 01 = 2.5V 00 = EXT DAC A Table 3. I2C Commands Summary (continued) Sets the reference operating mode. REF Power (B2): 0 = Internal reference is only powered if at least one DAC is powered 1 = Internal reference is always powered. Sets the DAC Latch Mode of the corresponding DAC: 0 = DAC latch is LOAD controlled 1 = DAC latch is transparent. Executes a software reset (all registers returned to their default values) or clear (all CODE and DAC registers cleared to their default values). Sets the Power Mode of the selected DACs (DACs selected with a 1 in the corresponding DACn bit are updated, DACs with a 0 in the corresponding DACn bit are not impacted). DESCRIPTION MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 22 Multibyte LOADn CODEn_ Multibyte ALL LOAD_ CODEn_ Multibyte LOADn Multibyte CODEn 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 MULTIBYTE DAC COMMANDS COMMAND B23 B22 B21 B20 1 0 1 0 B19 X DATA[11:4] CODE REGISTER X DATA[11:4] X DATA[11:4] CODE REGISTER X X B10 DAC X B11 CODE REGISTER B12 ADDRESS ADDRESS DAC ADDRESS DAC ADDRESS DAC B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 Table 3. I2C Commands Summary (continued) X B9 X B8 B6 B5 X X DATA[3:0] CODE REGISTER DATA[3:0] CODE REGISTER X DATA[3:0] X B4 CODE REGISTER B7 X X X X B3 X X X X B2 X X X X B1 X X X X B0 Simultaneously writes data to the selected CODE register(s) while updating selected DAC register(s) (multibyte variant). Simultaneously writes data to the selected CODE register(s) while updating all DAC registers (multibyte variant). Transfers data from the selected CODE registers to the selected DAC register(s) (multibyte variant). Writes data to the selected CODE register(s) (multibyte variant). DESCRIPTION MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 23 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Table 4. DAC Selection B18 B17 B16 0 0 0 DAC A DAC SELECTED 0 0 1 DAC B 0 1 0 DAC C 0 1 1 DAC D 1 X X ALL DACs CODEn Command The CODEn command updates the CODE register contents for the selected DAC(s). Changes to the CODE register content based on this command will not affect DAC outputs directly unless the latch has been configured to be transparent (see the CONFIG command). In order to update CODE register content of all DACs, use the CODEn command with DAC selection = 1XX = all DACs. The CODEn command supports the multibyte protocol. See Table 3 and Table 5. Table 5. CODEn (000) Command Format 0 M Reserved Multibyte B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 0 0 0 CODEn Command A2 A1 A0 D11 D10 D9 Dac Address D7 D6 D5 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X Code Register Data [3:0] Code Register Data [11:4] 0 Data Default Value ➝ Command Byte D8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Data High Byte 0 0 Don’t Care X X X X Data Low Byte LOADn Command The LOADn command (B[23:20] = 0001) updates the DAC register content for the selected DAC(s) by uploading the current contents of the CODE register. The LOADn command can be used with DAC SELECTION = 1XX = ALL DACs to issue a software load for all DACs, which does not alter the existing content of any CODE register (unlike CODEn_ LOAD_ALL command). See Table 3 and Table 6. The LOADn command supports the multibyte protocol. Table 6. LOADn (001) Command Format 0 M Reserved Multibyte B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 0 0 LOADn Command 1 A2 A1 A0 DAC Address Command Byte X X X X X X X B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 X X X X X X X X X Don’t Care Don’t Care Data High Byte Data Low Byte ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 24 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface CODEn_LOAD_ALL Command The CODEn_LOAD_ALL command updates the CODE register contents for the selected DAC(s) as well as the DAC register content of all DACs. Channels for which the CODE register content has not been modified since the last load to DAC register will not be updated to reduce digital crosstalk. The CODEn_LOAD_ALL command by definition will modify at least one CODE register. To avoid this, use the LOADn command with DAC SELECTION = ALL DACs. The CODEn_LOAD_ALL command supports the multibyte protocol. See Table 3 and Table 7. Table 7. CODEn_LOAD_ALL (010) Command Format 0 M Reserved Multibyte B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 0 1 0 A2 A1 A0 D11 D10 D9 CODEn_ LOAD_ DAC Address ALL Command D7 D6 D5 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X Code Register Data [3:0] Code Register Data[11:4] 0 Data Default Value ➝ Command Byte D8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Data High Byte 0 Don’t Care X X X X Data Low Byte CODEn_LOADn Command The CODEn_LOADn command updates the CODE register contents for the selected DAC(s) as well as the DAC register content of the selected DAC(s). Channels for which the CODE register content have not been modified since the last load to DAC register will not be updated to reduce digital crosstalk. See Table 3 and Table 8. Table 8. CODEn_LOADn (011) Command Format 0 M Reserved Multibyte B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 0 1 1 CODEn_LOADn Command A2 A1 A0 D11 D10 D9 DAC Address Data Default Value ➝ Command Byte D8 D7 D6 D5 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X Code Register Data [3:0] Code Register Data [11:4] 0 0 0 0 0 Data High Byte 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Don’t Care X X X X Data Low Byte ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 25 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface POWER Command internal resistors or set to high impedance. See Table 9 for the selectable internal resistor values in power-down mode. In STANDBY mode, the DAC register retains its value so that the output is restored when the device powers up. The serial interface remains active in power-down mode. The MAX5816 features a software-controlled powermode (POWER) command. The POWER command updates the power-mode settings of the selected DACs while the power settings of the remaining of the DACs remain unchanged. The new power setting is determined by bits B[5:4] while the affected DAC(s) are selected by bits B[3:0]. If all DACs are powered down, the device enters a STANDBY mode. In powered down mode, the internal reference can be powered down or it can be set to remain powered-on for external use in STANDBY mode, parts using external reference do not load the REF. See Table 9. In power-down, the output is disconnected from the buffer and is grounded when one of the two selectable Table 9. POWER (100) Command Format B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 X Don’t Care Reserved 0 1 0 0 X POWER Command X X X X X X Don’t Care X X X B8 B7 B6 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0 Data High Byte SW_RESET and SW_CLEAR Command The SW_RESET and SW_CLEAR commands provide a means of issuing a software reset or software clear operation. Set B0 = 0 to issue a software clear operation B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 D C B A Power Mode: 00 = Normal Don’t Care mode 01 = 1kI 10 = 100kI 11 = Hi-Z Don’t Care Data Default Value ➝ Command Byte B5 PD1 PD0 DAC Selection 0 1 1 1 1 Data Low Byte to return all CODE and DAC registers to the zero-scale value. Set B0 = 1 to reset all CODE, DAC, and configuration registers to their default values. See Table 10. Table 10. SW_RESET (101) Command Format X Don’t Care 1 0 1 SW_RESET or SW_CLEAR Command X X X X X X Don’t Care Data Default Value ➝ Command Byte X X X X B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 X X X X X X X X R0 X X Don’t Care X X X X X Data High Byte 0 = Clear 1= Reset 0 Reserved B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 Don’t Care X X X X X X X X 1 Data Low Byte ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 26 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface CONFIG Command The CONFIG command allows independent configurations of the DAC. In normal mode (0), the DAC latch is operational and responds to LOAD commands. In transparent mode (1), the DAC latch is transparent and CODE register contents are supplied directly to the DAC outputs. See Table 11. Table 11. CONFIG Command Format 0 X Reserved Don’t Care B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 1 1 0 X CONFIG Command X X X X X Don’t Care Data Default Value ➝ X D C B B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 A X X X X D C B A Don’t Care X X X Command Byte X DAC Latch Mode 0 = Operational 1 = Transparent Don’t Care X X X X X X X Data High Byte X 0 0 0 0 Data Low Byte REF Command The REF command updates the global reference setting used for all DAC channels. Set B[1:0] = 00 to use an external reference for the DACs or set B[1:0] to 01, 10, or 11 to select either the 2.500V, 2.048V, or 4.096V internal reference, respectively. If RF2 (B2 = 0) is set to zero (default) in the REF command, the reference will be powered down any time all DAC channels are powered down (in STANDBY mode). If RF2 is set to one, the reference will remain powered even if all DAC channels are powered down, allowing continued operation of external circuitry. In this mode the 1µA shutdown state is not available. See Table 12. B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 X Don’t Care Reserved 0 1 1 1 X REF Command X X X X Don’t Care Data Default Value ➝ Command Byte X X X X X B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 X X X X X X RF2 RF1 RF0 0 = Default 1 = Always On Table 12. REF Command Format REF Mode: 00 = Ext 01 = 2.500V 10 = 2.048V 11 = 4.096V Don’t Care X X X X X Data High Byte Don’t Care X X X X X X X X 0 0 B0 0 Data Low Byte ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 27 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Applications Information Power-On Reset (POR) When power is applied to VDD, the DAC output is set to zero scale. To optimize DAC linearity, wait until the supplies have settled and the internal setup and calibration sequence completes (200Fs, typ). Note all commands issued during the period will be ignored. Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) DNL is the difference between an actual step height and the ideal value of 1 LSB. If the magnitude of the DNL P 1 LSB, the DAC guarantees no missing codes and is monotonic. If the magnitude of the DNL R 1 LSB, the DAC output may still be monotonic. Offset Error Power Supplies and Bypassing Considerations Offset error indicates how well the actual transfer function matches the ideal transfer function at a single point. Typically, the point at which the offset error is specified is at or near the zero-scale point of the transfer function. Layout Considerations Gain error is the difference between the ideal and the actual full-scale output voltage on the transfer curve, after nullifying the offset error. This error alters the slope of the transfer function and corresponds to the same percentage error in each step. Bypass VDD with high-quality ceramic capacitors to a low-impedance ground as close as possible to the device. Minimize lead lengths to reduce lead inductance. Connect the GND to the analog ground plane. Digital and AC transient signals on GND can create noise at the output. Connect GND to form the star ground for the DAC system. Refer remote DAC loads to this system ground for the best possible performance. Use proper grounding techniques, such as a multilayer board with a low-inductance ground plane, or star connect all ground return paths back to the MAX5816 GND. Carefully layout the traces between channels to reduce AC cross-coupling. Do not use wirewrapped boards and sockets. Use shielding to minimize noise immunity. Do not run analog and digital signals parallel to one another, especially clock signals. Avoid routing digital lines underneath the MAX5816 package. Definitions Integral Nonlinearity (INL) INL is the deviation of the measured transfer function from a straight line drawn between two codes once offset and gain errors have been nullified. Gain Error Settling Time The settling time is the amount of time required from the start of a transition, until the DAC output settles to the new output value within the converter’s specified accuracy. Digital Feedthrough Digital feedthrough is the amount of noise that appears on the DAC output when the DAC digital control lines are toggled. Digital-to-Analog Glitch Impulse A major carry transition occurs at the midscale point where the MSB changes from low to high and all other bits change from high to low, or where the MSB changes from high to low and all other bits change from low to high. The duration of the magnitude of the switching glitch during a major carry transition is referred to as the digital-to-analog glitch impulse. The digital-to-analog power-up glitch is the duration of the magnitude of the switching glitch that occurs as the device exits power-down mode. ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 28 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Detailed Functional Diagram VDD REF 100kI RIN MAX5816 INTERNAL / EXTERNAL REFERENCE (USER OPTION) CODE REGISTER A CODE CLEAR/ RESET DAC LATCH A OUTA BUFFER A CLEAR / RESET LOAD 100kI 1kI POWER-DOWN DAC CONTROL LOGIC CODE REGISTER B 12-BIT DAC A DAC LATCH B 12-BIT DAC B OUTB BUFFER B SCL SDA CODE CLEAR/ RESET CLEAR / RESET LOAD 1kI POWER-DOWN DAC CONTROL LOGIC ADDR 100kI I2C SERIAL INTERFACE CODE REGISTER C CODE CLEAR/ RESET DAC LATCH C 12-BIT DAC C CLEAR / RESET LOAD OUTC BUFFER C 100kI 1kI POWER-DOWN DAC CONTROL LOGIC POR CODE REGISTER D CODE CLEAR/ RESET DAC LATCH D LOAD DAC CONTROL LOGIC 12-BIT DAC D OUTD BUFFER D CLEAR / RESET 100kI 1kI POWER-DOWN GND ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 29 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface POWER SUPPLY (2.7V TO 5.5V) 100nF 100µF 4.7µF RPU = 5kI VDD OUT DAC SDA MICROCONTROLLER SCL ADDR MAX5816 REF R1 R2 R1 = R2 GND Figure 10. Bipolar Operating Circuit Typical Operating Circuit 100nF 4.7µF RPU = 5kI RPU = 5kI 100µF VDD OUT_ DAC SDA MICROCONTROLLER SCL ADDR MAX5816 REF GND NOTE: UNIPOLAR OPERATION (ONE CHANNEL SHOWN) ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 30 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Ordering Information PART MAX5816ATB+T PIN-PACKAGE RESOLUTION (BIT) INTERNAL REFERENCE TEMPCO (ppm/NC) 10 TDFN-EP* 12 10 (typical) Note: The device is specified over the -40°C to +125°C temperature range. +Denotes a lead(Pb)–free/RoHS-compliant package. T = Tape and reel. *EP = Exposed pad. Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 10 TDFN-EP T1033+1 21-0137 90-0003 ��������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 31 MAX5816 Ultra-Small, Quad-Channel, 12-Bit Buffered Output DAC with Internal Reference and I2C Interface Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 2/12 DESCRIPTION Initial release PAGES CHANGED — Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. 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