Title Engineering Prototype Report (EPR-00015) 3W, Universal Input, Single Output, Isolated Converter with TNY254 (EP-15) Recipients Application Battery Charger Author S. L. Date 11-November -2000 Abstract This document presents the specification, schematic & BOM, transformer calculation, test data, wave forms and EMI scan for a low cost, isolated converter for a battery charging application. Power Integrations, Inc. 5245 Hellyer Avenue, San Jose, CA 95138 USA Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 http://www.powerint.com Engineering Prototype Report Contents 1.0.Introduction ...................................................................................................................3 2.0 Power Supply Requirements Specification ...................................................................3 3.0 Schematic .....................................................................................................................4 4.0 Circuit Description.........................................................................................................5 5.0 Layout ...........................................................................................................................6 6.0 Bill of Materials..............................................................................................................7 7.0 Transformer – T1 ..........................................................................................................8 7.1 Transformer drawing................................................................................................. 8 7.2 Transformer Spreadsheet .................................................................................... 9-10 8.0 Performance Data.......................................................................................................11 8.1 Efficiency................................................................................................................. 11 8.2 Regulation @ 25C ambient..................................................................................... 12 8.3 Vout vs Iout ............................................................................................................. 13 8.4 Temperature ........................................................................................................... 14 8.5 Waveforms......................................................................................................... 15-16 8.6 Transient response ................................................................................................. 16 8.7 Conducted EMI Scans ............................................................................................ 17 8.8 Surge Voltages .................................................................................................. 17-18 8.9 Acoustic noise ........................................................................................................ 20 Revisions ......................................................................................................................... 20 Reader’s Notes ........................................................................................................... 21-23 PI world- wide offices ........................................................................................................24 EPR-00015 Page 2 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 1.0 Introduction This document presents the specification, schematic & BOM, transformer design, test data, wave forms and EMI scan for a low cost, isolated converter (EP15) for low current battery charging applications (long charging time, NiCd). A typical application is illustrated in Figure 1.1. The unit has low input voltage detection circuit, programmable for 110 or 220Vac operation. When the line voltage drops below the threshold, the battery energizes the inverter and the lamp turns on. When the line voltage exceeds the threshold, the battery is disconnected from the inverter, the lamp turns off and the battery is recharged. The EP15 output voltage can be reduced, while maintaining the same charging current (reduced power). The EP15 is designed to meet the industry’s safety and EMI standards. Current setting resistor L Relay(NC) Power Supply EP15 Inverter Battery NEON LAMP N Figure 1.1. Battery charger block diagram. 2.0 Power Supply Requirements Specification Description Input Operating Input Voltage No load input power Output Output Voltage** Output Ripple Voltage Output Current *** Power Output Continuous Output Power Power supply efficiency Environmental Temperature Safety Surge (differential, 2 ohm) Surge (common mode, 12 ohm) EMI-Conducted Symbol Min Vin 85* Typ Max Units Comment 265 250 Vac mW 200 50/60Hz @ 230Vac Green LED indicator +/-6% Total Peak to Peak Vout Vout ripple Iout 12 0.25 Vdc mV A Pout h 3 75 W % Tamb Line-Line Line-Earth 0 25 1 2 50 °C kV kV @ Full Load @ Full Load IEC950/UL1950 IEC/UL 1000-4-5 Class 3 IEC/UL 1000-4-5 Class 3 CISPR22B *Under voltage lockout threshold set/programmable with a voltage divider (100Vac for universal input, 175Vac for single voltage input 230Vac). **Can be adjusted by changing the output Zener diode VR1. ***The maximum short circuit current is 0.94A EPR-00015 Page 3 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 3.0 Schematic 3 4.7K R1 N C1 8.2 ohm, 2W, Fusible + C2 4.7uF, 400V 4.7uF, 400V J1- 3 D3 + U1 TNY254P 9 C6 180uF, 16V 1N4007 Q1 R7 39K C7 180uF, 16V R9* 6.8K TP2 4 1 EN BP J2- 1 U2 RTN PC817A R8 470 S D4 + C5 2.2nF, Y1 Safety 5 +12VDC LED1* C4 2 85-265V AC * * 2 L2 Bead(2uH) J2- 2 + 3 L J1- 1 R5 470K R4 1.5K, 1/2W R6 510K C3 68pF, 1kV D 10 4 R2 D1 D2 D5 UF4003 1 1 1 L1 1mH T1 EE16 3.7 mH VR1 2N3906 0.1uF 1N5241B TP1 Title *OPTIONAL * * Minimum voltage determined by the undervoltage lockout circuit(R5, R6 and R7 values). EPR-00015 Size B Date: 12Vdc, 3W Batter y Charger Document Number Rev EP15 Tuesday , Januar y 16, 2001 Page 4 of 24 Sheet F 1 of 1 Engineering Prototype Report 4.0 Circuit Description This circuit was designed for emergency lighting battery charging applications. The unit stops charging when the mains voltage drops below ~175Vac (in a 230Vac system), or ~100Vac (in a 120Vac or universal system). The voltage threshold is set/programmable with the voltage divider R5, R6 and R7. Two ¼ W resistors (R5, R6) are connected in series for voltage rating and board layout flexibility. For 100Vac threshold R5=470K, R6=510K and R7=39K. For 175Vac threshold R5=820K, R6=910K and R7=39K. The threshold accuracy is determined by the resistor value tolerance and is temperature sensitive as the Vbe of Q1. The EMI standard is met with a low cost transformer (only shield winding, no need for flux band) and low cost input filter (no common mode choke). The R4, C3 snubber reduces the drain dV/dt of U1 (slows the switching speed), reducing the EMI. In this application, the AC input is rectified and filtered by D1-D4, C1 and C2 to create a high voltage DC bus which is connected to T1. Inductor L1 forms a pi-filter in conjunction with C1 and C2. The resistor R2 damps resonance in inductor L1. The operating mode of TNY254 allows the unit to meet worldwide conducted EMI standards using a simple pi-filter in combination with a small value Y1-capacitor C5 and a proper PCB layout. R4 and C3 form a snubber circuit that limits the turn-off voltage spike to a safe level on the TNY254 DRAIN pin. The secondary winding is rectified and filtered by D5, C6 with additional filtering provided by L2, C7 to give the 12Vdc output. The output voltage is determined by the sum of the voltage drops across the opto-coupler U2 and the Zener diode VR1 at the bias point. The optocoupler voltage drop is minimum (<1V) at the current required for the TinySwitch control pin and varies with the optocoupler part number. With a 11V 5% zener the output voltage could be as low as 7% off the nominal 12Vdc. For better nominal voltage accuracy a 2% zener should be used. Resistor R8 sets the bias current for VR1 and improves the optocoupler U2 response time. If LED1 is not used, R8 value can be decreased such that VR1 pre-loading maintains the no-load output regulation. The primary-to-secondary isolation is assured by using parts/materials (opto/transformer insulation) with the correct level of isolation and creepage distances (opto slot/transformer bobbin). The 12Vdc monitoring light emitting diode (LED1) and R9 are optional, and have been included in this circuit for troubleshooting convenience. R9 dissipates approximately 20mW and helps the noload output regulation. Test points TP1 (U1 SOURCE) and TP2 (U1 DRAIN) are provided for ease of monitoring Vds. EPR-00015 Page 5 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 5.0 Layout TP1 (U1-S) TP2 (U1-D) Fig.5.1. Board size (L57mm x W27mm x H20mm) - +12Vdc RTN For the drain-to-source voltage waveforms connect the high voltage probe tip to TP2 and the probe ground to test point TP1. For switching current waveforms replace jumper TP2 with a wire loop and use a Tektronix A6302 current probe and AM503 current probe amplifier (with TM501 power module) or equivalent. EPR-00015 Page 6 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 6.0 Bill of Materials Item Qty. 1 2 2 3 4 5 1 1 1 2 6 4 7 8 1 1 Ref. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 J1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J2 LED1 L1 L2 Q1 R1 R2 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 T1 U2 U1 VR1 Description 4.7uF, 400V 4.7uF, 400V 68pF, 1kV 0.1uF/50V 2.2nF, Y1 Safety, 5.7mm 180uF, 16V 180uF, 16V 1A, 600V/1000V Part number 475 CKH400M Manufacturer Illinois Cap ECC-D3A680JGE RPE121Z5U104M50V 440LD22 EEU-FC1C181 Panasonic Murata Cera-mite Panasonic 1N4007 Generic 1A, 200V, 50nsec UF4003 (UF1003) Header (0.156" spacing, 26-48-1035 3pos.) Header (0.156" spacing, 2pos.) low current, GRN LG3369 1 mH, 0.15A 47HY102B 2uH, Bead,D3.5xL12, LBC035138-B 200MHz (PNP, TO92) 2N3906 8.2 ohm, 5%, Fusible 253-4 8R2 (F1W8D2) 4.7K, 1/8W 1.5K, 1/2W 470K, 1/4W 510K, 1/4W 39K, 1/4W 470, 1/8W 6.8K, 1/4W EE16, 3.7mH CTX 14-15181-X2 48FLO Optocoupler PC817A TinySwitch TNY254P Zener diode,11V, 5% 1N5241B EPR-00015 GenSemi (Vishay) Molex Molex Siemens Tokin TSC Electronics Generic Vitrohm (NTE) Generic Generic Generic Generic Generic Generic Generic Cooper Sharp Power Integrations Generic Page 7 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 7.0 Transformer – T1 7.1 Transformer drawing 1 10 WDG#2 223T #36 AWG WDG #3 49T 28AWG Triple Insulated 9 2 3 WDG#1 53T #36 AWG 1 Electrical Specifications: Electrical Strength Creepage Primary Inductance Resonant Frequency Primary Leakage Inductance Pins Side 60Hz 1 minute, from Pins 1-4 to Pins 5-10 Between Pins 1-4 and Pins 5-10 Pins 1,2, all other windings open, measured at 44KHz Pins 1,2, all other windings open Pins 1,2, with Pins 5-10 shorted, measured at 44KHz 3000 VAC 6 mm (Min.) 3676 mH, ±10% 500 KHz (Min.) 300 mH (Max.) 9 10 Secondary 1 Primary 2 3 1 Shield Transformer Construction: Shield Primary Secondary Winding Final Assembly Start at Pin 1. Wind 53 turns of item [3] in 1 layer. Finish on Pin 3. Start at Pin 2. Wind 223 turns of item [3] in 4 layers. Finish on Pin 1. Start at Pin 10. Wind 49 turns of item [4]. Finish on Pin 9. Cores, Item [1], glued with a mixture of glass beads, item [5], 5% by weight, and JAC133 epoxy, item [6]. (Contact Power Integrations for further details on epoxy-glass bead construction method) Materials: Item [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Description 2 Core: EE16, Nippon Ceramic NC-2H material or equiv. Gapped for ALG of 74 nH/T Bobbin: 10 pin EE16, Ying Chin YC1607 or equiv. Magnet Wire: #36 AWG Heavy Nyleze Magnet Wire: #28 AWG Triple insulated Glass beads, DIA=0.249mm available from MO-SCI Corp. Telephone: +1 573 364 2338. Fax: +1 573 364 9589 Epoxy, JAC133 (or equivalent) available from Jungdo Chemical Company, Ltd. South Korea Telephone: +82 2 856 0391 Fax: +82 2 867 1685 EPR-00015 Page 8 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 7.2 Transformer Spreadsheet The use of RC snubber across U1 limits the choice of operation to discontinuous only. ACDC_TNY_Rev2.02_100899 Copyright Power Integrations Inc. 1999 ENTER APPLICATION VARIABLES INPUT VACMIN d Fully Discontinuous ('y') ? n ENTER Other Parameters BP Design Parameters VMIN VMAX IP DMAX KDP OUTPUT 85 VACMAX fL VO PO n Z tC CIN MODE OF OPERATION Continuous ('c') or Discontinuous ('d') ? ENTER TinySwitch Parameters TinySwitch ILIMITmin ILIMITmax fSmin VDS ENTER Output Diode Parameters Output Diode VR ID VD k INFO UNIT Volts 265 50 12 3 0.75 0.5 3 9.4 ACDC_TNY_REV2_02_100899.xls: TinySwitch Continuous/Discontinuous Flyback Transformer Design Spreadsheet Customer Minimum AC Input Voltage Volts Hertz Volts Watts Maximum AC Input Voltage AC Mains Frequency Output Voltage Output Power Efficiency Estimate Loss Allocation Factor mSeconds Bridge Rectifier Conduction Time Estimate uFarads Input Filter Capacitor Continuous mode operation or Discontinuous mode operation? Need Discontinuous mode operation guaranteed in all conditions? Mostly Disc. Universal 4W 0.23 0.28 40000.00 40000 10 tny254 115/230Vac 5W Amps Amps Hertz Volts Minimum current limit Maximum current limit Minimum Frequency Voltage drop between Drain to Source 200 1 1 0.8 Volts Amps Volts Diode Maximum Peak Repetitive Reverse Voltage Diode Average Forward Current Diode Forward Voltage drop Diode Ipk to Irms factor (k=0.9 for Schottky, k=0.8 for PN diode, k=0.2 TNY256) 2500 Gauss Target Peak Flux Density at Maximum Current limit 92 Volts 375 Volts 0.21 Amps 0.419 1.00 1.00 VOR VDRAIN PIVS LP ENTER TRANSFORMER CORE/CONSTRUCTION Core Type ee16 Glass Bead Construction (y/n) y AE LE AL BW M 0 NP NS Glass_Bead_Diameter 59.34 513.77 94 3676 Volts Volts Volts uHenries Minimum DC Input Voltage Maximum DC Input Voltage Peak Primary current Duty Cycle at minimum DC input Voltage Reflected Output Voltage Maximum Drain Voltage Estimate Output Rectifier Peak Inverse Voltage Minimum Primary Inductance EE16 0.192 3.5 1140 8.5 cm^2 cm nH/T^2 mm mm 223 Turns 49 Turns 0.249 mm EPR-00015 Glass Beads Construction Chosen Core Effective Cross Sectional Area Core Effective Path Length Ungapped Core Effective Inductance Bobbin Physical Winding Width Safety Margin Width Primary Winding Number of Turns Number of Secondary Turns Glass Bead Diameter (mm) Page 9 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report CURRENT WAVEFORM SHAPE PARAMETERS IRMS IR ISP ISRMS IO IRIPPLE IOS TRANSFORMER PARAMETERS L 4 ALG BM BAC OD INS DIA AWG CMA AWGS DIAS 0.08 0.21 0.94 0.42 0.25 0.33 1.02 Amps Amps Amps Amps Amps Amps Amps Primary RMS Current Primary Ripple Current Maximum Peak Secondary Current Secondary RMS current Power Supply Output Current Output Capacitor RMS Ripple Current Estimated short circuit current Number of Primary Layers Effective Core Inductance - for Standard ALG values see App Note AN-25 2405 Gauss Operating Flux Density at Max Current Limit 1006 Gauss AC Flux Density for Core Loss Curves (0.5 X Peak to Peak) 0.15 mm Maximum Primary Wire Diameter including insulation 0.03 mm Taping between primary layers can be eliminated using "Class 0" (Asia), "Grade 2"(Europe) or "Heavy Nyleze" (USA) wire 0.12 mm Bare conductor diameter 37 AWG Primary Wire Gauge (for low capacitance AWG<= 36 recommended) 260 Cmils/Amp Primary Winding Current Capacity (CMA > 200) 29 AWG Secondary Wire Gauge (Rounded up to next larger standard AWG value) 0.29 mm Secondary Minimum Bare Conductor Diameter 74 nH/T^2 EPR-00015 Page 10 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 8.0 Performance Data TEST EQUIPMENT INPUT: VOLTECH (PM100) AC POWER ANALYSER. Power Line Meter (EPD Inc.) OUTPUT: KIKUSUI (PLZ153W) ELECTRONIC LOAD. 8.1 Efficiency Efficiency vs Output Power 90 80 70 60 Vin=100Vac Vin=265Vac % 50 40 30 Pin=290mW @ 76Vac (no load, Vin <100Vac under voltage threshold, TNY-OFF) Pin=490mW @ 137Vac (no load, Vin <175Vac under voltage threshold, TNY-OFF) Pin=112mW @ 100Vac (no load, Vin within range) Pin=250mW @ 265Vac (no load, Vin within range) 20 10 0 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 W Figure 8.1.1 Efficiency vs output power @ 25C ambient. Efficiency vs Input Voltage 90 85 80 % 75 70 65 60 55 50 105 125 145 165 185 205 225 245 265 Vac Figure 8.2.1 Efficiency vs input voltage at full load @ 25C ambient. EPR-00015 Page 11 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 8.2 Regulation @ 25C ambient Vout/Voutnom X100 105.0 100.0 95.0 90.0 105 125 145 165 185 205 225 245 265 Vin(Vac) Figure 8.2.1 Line Regulation@full load, 25C ambient Vout/Voutnom X100 105.0 100.0 Vin=100Vac Vin=265Vac 95.0 90.0 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Load(A) Figure 8.2.2 Load regulation@25C ambient EPR-00015 Page 12 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 8.3 Vout vs Iout Iout=0.25A(Typ) 14 12 Vout(Vdc) 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Load(A) Figure 8.3.1 Vout vs Iout @ Vin=105Vac Iout=0.25A(Typ) 14 12 Vout(Vdc) 10 Vin=265Vac 8 6 4 2 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Load(A) Figure 8.3.2 Vout vs Iout @ Vin=265Vac EPR-00015 Page 13 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 8.4.Temperature R4 snubber, 44C Transformer, 41C TNY254P, 38C. Figure 8.4.1. Infrared scan at Vin=100Vac, full load, 25C ambient, TNY254P side. Transformer, 41C Output Diode, 43C Figure 8.4.2. Infrared scan at Vin=100Vac, full load, 25C ambient, output diode side. EPR-00015 Page 14 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 8.5 Waveforms .1A/div .1A/div 100V/div 100V/div Figure 8.5.1. Drain current and drain-to-source voltage @ full load, Vin=100Vac, 60Hz. Figure 8.5.2. Drain current and drain-to-source voltage, shorted output, Vin=100Vac, 60Hz. .1A/div .1A/div 100V/div 100V/div Figure 8.5.3. Drain current and drain-to-source voltage @ full load, Vin=265Vac, 60Hz. Figure 8.5.4. Drain current and drain-to-source voltage, shorted output, Vin=265Vac, 60Hz. EPR-00015 Page 15 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 100mV/div 100mV/div .2A/div .2A/div Figure 8.5.5. 120Hz output voltage ripple and drain current @ full load, Vin=100Vac, 60Hz. Figure 8.5.6. 44kHz output voltage ripple and drain current @ full load, Vin=100Vac, 60Hz. 8.6 Transient response 200mV/div .2A/div Figure 8.6.1. Vout transient response, for 20%-80% load change, Vin=100Vac, 60Hz. EPR-00015 Page 16 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 8.7 Conducted EMI Scans The attached plots show worst-case EMI performance for EP15 as compared to CISPR22B conducted emissions limits. Quasi-peak Average Figure 8.7.1. Vin=230Vac, full load, power supply floating. Figure 8.7.2. Vin=230Vac, full load, power supply placed on a plane (1.4mm insulation PCB) grounded via artificial hand. The test set up, Figure 8.7.3., simulates the application, where the power supply unit (PSU) is placed in a metal enclosure. EPR-00015 Page 17 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report LISN Resistive Load (Floating) Power Cord Artificial Hand L (P.S.U.) IN N Insulation 1/16” Copper OUT GND PLANE Figure 8.7.3. Test set up. For EMI and safety techniques refer to PI application note AN15 (Figure 6 shows a typical test set up). EPR-00015 Page 18 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 8.8 Surge Voltage 8.8.1 Differential = line-to-line (L- N), 2 ohm source impedance. The unit exceeded the 1kV IEC/UL 1000-4-5 Class 3 requirement (meets Class 4, 2kV). During the 2.5kV surge the unit continued to operate without damage. 8.8.2 Common mode = line-to-ground (L-GND, N-GND), 12 ohm source impedance The unit exceeded the IEC/UL 1000-4-5 Class 3, 2kV and Class 4, 4kV requirements. The maximum test voltage was 4kV. During the 4kV surges the unit continued to operate. The unit was centered on the insulation side of a 6in x 4 in single sided copper clad board (1.4mm insulation), to avoid surface or insulation breakdown during the voltage surges. The voltage was applied between the input terminals of the unit (L or N) and the copper clad ground plane (GND), in the following sequence: L(+4kV) to GND, 5 times L(-4kV) to GND, 5 times N(+4kV) to GND, 5 times N(-4kV) to GND, 5 times Power Cord Figure 8.8.1. Surge Test set up. Resistive Load (Floating) L (P.S.U.) IN OUT N Pwr. Ground Insulation 1/16” GND PLANE Copper EPR-00015 Page 19 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report 8.9 Acoustic noise Audio Precision FFT SPECTRUM ANALYSIS 10/17/00 02:08:12 +80 +70 +60 +50 +40 d B r +30 +20 A +10 +0 -10 -20 -30 0 2k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 14k 16k 18k 20k 22k Hz Figure 8.9.1 Worst case acoustic emission (Vin=120Vac, Iout=160mA) Revisions Author Date S.L. 5.18.00 8.18.00 9.12.00 10.6.00 10.9.00 10.26.00 11.14.00 01.31.01 Rev Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 First Draft Second Draft Third Draft Fourth Draft Fifth Draft Release Changed title from EP10B to EP15 Changed EPR-15 to EPR-00015 EPR-00015 Page 20 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report Notes EPR-00015 Page 21 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report Notes EPR-00015 Page 22 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report Notes EPR-00015 Page 23 of 24 Engineering Prototype Report For the latest updates, visit our website: www.powerint.com Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein, nor does it convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others. PI Logo and TOPSwitch are registered trademarks of Power Integrations, Inc. ©Copyright 2001, Power Integrations, Inc. WORLD HEADQUARTERS NORTH AMERICA - WEST Power Integrations, Inc. 5245 Hellyer Avenue San Jose, CA 95138 USA. Main: +1•408•414•9200 Customer Service: Phone: +1•408•414•9665 Fax: +1•408•414•9765 NORTH AMERICA - EAST & SOUTH AMERICA Power Integrations, Inc. Eastern Area Sales Office 1343 Canton Road, Suite C1 Marietta, GA 30066 USA Phone: +1•770•424•5152 Fax: +1•770•424•6567 EUROPE & AFRICA Power Integrations (Europe) Ltd. Centennial Court Easthampstead Road Bracknell Berkshire, RG12 1YQ United Kingdom Phone: +44•1344•462•301 Fax: +44•1344•311•732 TAIWAN Power Integrations International Holdings, Inc. 2F, #508 Chung-Hsiao E. Road Sec. 5, Taipei 105, Taiwan Phone: +886•2•2727•1221 Fax: +886•2•2727•1223 CHINA Power Integrations International Holdings, Inc. Rm# 1705, Bao Hua Bldg. 1016 Hua Qiang Bei Lu Shenzhen, Guangdong 518031 China Phone: +86•755•367•5143 Fax: +86•755•377•9610 KOREA Power Integrations International Holdings, Inc. Rm# 402, Handuk Building 649-4 Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu Seoul Korea Phone: +82•2•568•7520 Fax: +82•2•568•7474 JAPAN Power Integrations, K.K. Keihin-Tatemono 1st Bldg. Shin-Yokohama 2-12-20 Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Japan 222-0033 Phone: +81•45•471•1021 Fax: +81•45•471•3717 INDIA (Technical Support) Innovatech #1, 8th Main Road Vasanthnagar Bangalore, India 560052 Phone: +91•80•226•6023 Fax: +91•80•228•9727 APPLICATIONS HOTLINE World Wide +1•408•414•9660 APPLICATIONS FAX World Wide +1•408•414•9760 EPR-00015 Page 24 of 24