LT1787/LT1787HV Precision, High Side Current Sense Amplifiers U DESCRIPTIO FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Input Offset Voltage: 75µV (Max) 60V Supply Operation (LT1787HV) 12-Bit Dynamic Range Operating Current: 60µA User-Selectable External Sense Resistor Bidirectional High Side Current Sensing Unidirectional or Bidirectional Output Input Noise Filtering –40°C to 125°C Operating Temperature Range Available in 8-Lead SO and MSOP Packages The LT ®1787 is a complete micropower precision high side current sense amplifier. The LT1787 monitors bidirectional currents via the voltage across an external sense resistor. A current or voltage output indicates the direction and magnitude of the sense current. The LT1787 delivers greater than a 12-bit dynamic range with ultralow 40µV input offset voltage compared to a typical 250mV fullscale input voltage. A fixed gain of 8 is set by onboard precision resistors. Input signal filtering is easily implemented with a capacitor between the FIL– and FIL+ pins. The LT1787HV operates from 2.5V to 60V total supply voltage and the LT1787 operates from 2.5V to 36V total supply voltage. Both versions have a PSRR in excess of 120dB. The LT1787/LT1787HV draw only 60µA and are available in 8-lead SO and MSOP packages. U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Battery Monitoring Power Monitoring Portable Phones Cellular Phones Portable Test/Measurement Systems Battery-Operated Systems , LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. U TYPICAL APPLICATIO 12-Bit Dynamic Resolution Unidirectional Output into LTC®1286 ADC I = 100A 1 FIL– – 2 VS 3 4 DNC FIL+ LT1787HV 40 8 VS+ 7 VBIAS 6 ROUT 20k VEE 50 RSENSE 0.0016Ω 5 VOUT VOUT = VBIAS + (8 • ILOAD • RSENSE) C2 0.1µF 2.5V TO 60V R1 15k C1 1µF VREF VCC CS +IN LTC1286 CLK –IN D GND OUT LT1634-1.25 5V TO µP 1787 TA01 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) TO LOAD Input Offset Voltage vs Supply Voltage 30 20 10 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 0 10 30 40 50 20 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 60 1787 TA01b 1787fc 1 LT1787/LT1787HV W W U W ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Notes 1, 2) Differential Sense Voltage ...................................... ±10V Total Supply Voltage (LT1787) ................................ 40V Total Supply Voltage (LT1787HV) ........................... 65V Output Voltage ..................... (VEE – 0.3V) to (VEE + 35V) Output Bias Voltage ............. (VEE – 0.3V) to (VEE + 35V) Operating Temperature Range (Note 3) LT1787C ............................................. – 40°C to 85°C LT1787I .............................................. – 40°C to 85°C LT1787H .......................................... – 40°C to 125°C Specified Temperature Range (Note 4) LT1787C ............................................. – 40°C to 85°C LT1787I .............................................. – 40°C to 85°C LT1787H .......................................... – 40°C to 125°C Storage Temperature Range ..................–65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C U W U PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION TOP VIEW TOP VIEW FIL– V S– DNC* VEE 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 FIL+ V S+ VBIAS VOUT FIL– 1 8 FIL+ VS– 2 7 VS+ DNC* 3 6 VBIAS VEE 4 5 VOUT MS8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP S8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC SO * DO NOT CONNECT TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 250°C/ W ORDER PART NUMBER LT1787CMS8 LT1787IMS8 LT1787HVCMS8 LT1787HVIMS8 * DO NOT CONNECT TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 190°C/ W MS8 PART MARKING LTGM LTGN LTKJ LTKK S8 PART MARKING ORDER PART NUMBER LT1787CS8 LT1787IS8 LT1787HS8 LT1787HVCS8 LT1787HVIS8 LT1787HVHS8 1787 1787I 1787H 1787HV 787HVI 787HVH Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 5) The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. Total supply = (VS– – VEE) = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787C), 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HVC) unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER VS –, VS + CONDITIONS MIN Sense Amplifier Supply Voltage Single Supply Operation (LT1787) Single Supply Operation (LT1787HV) VSENSE Input Sense Voltage Full Scale VSENSE = VS+ – VS–, VS = 10V, VBIAS = 5V, AV = 8 ±10% ● 500 VOS Input Offset Voltage (S8) IOUT = 0, VS Supply = 5V 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C ● – 75 – 135 IOUT = 0 (LT1787) 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C ● IOUT = 0 (LT1787HV) 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C ● ● ● TYP 2.5 2.5 MAX 36 60 UNITS V V mV ±40 75 135 µV µV – 100 – 160 100 160 µV µV – 100 – 160 100 160 µV µV 1787fc 2 LT1787/LT1787HV ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 5) The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. Total supply = (VS – – VEE) = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787C), 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HVC) unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage (MS8) CONDITIONS IOUT = 0, VS Supply = 5V 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C ● MIN – 125 – 230 IOUT = 0 (LT1787) 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C ● IOUT = 0 (LT1787HV) 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C ● ● TYP ±40 MAX 125 230 UNITS µV µV – 150 – 250 150 250 µV µV – 150 – 250 150 250 µV µV Temperature Coefficient of VOS VS Supply = 5V (Note 6) IOUT(O) No-Load Output Current Error VSENSE = 0V VOUT(O) No-Load Output Voltage Error (S8) VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 5V 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C No-Load Output Voltage Error (MS8) VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 5V 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C gm Tranconductance, IOUT/ VSENSE ±VSENSE = 10mV, 50mV, 100mV, 150mV, 250mV, VS Supply = Total Supply + |VSENSE| AV Gain, VOUT/ VSENSE ±VSENSE = 100mV, VS Supply = 5V ● 7.76 8 8.24 V/V Output Voltage Gain Error ±VSENSE = 100mV, VS Supply = 5V ● –3 1 3 % VS Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787) VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HV) ● ● 120 120 135 135 dB dB VEE PSRR Negative Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 15V, VBIAS = 0V, VEE = – 1V to – 15V (LT1787) ● 100 130 dB VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 40V, VBIAS = 0V, VEE = – 1V to – 15V (LT1787HV) ● 100 130 dB 100 100 130 130 dB dB VS PSRR 0.5 2 µV/°C VOS TC 4 nA ● –600 – 1080 600 1080 µV µV ● – 1000 – 1840 1000 1840 µV µV µA/V 400 ∆VOS ∆VBIAS Change in Input Offset Voltage with Change in VBIAS Voltage VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 36V, VBIAS = 0.5V to 25V (LT1787) ● VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 60V, VBIAS = 0.5V to 25V (LT1787HV) ● IS+(O) Positive Input Sense Current VSENSE = 0V ● 10 20 µA IS–(O) Negative Input Sense Current VSENSE = 0V ● 50 100 µA IEE(O) Negative Supply Current VSENSE = 0V ● 60 120 µA IOUT Output Current VSENSE = ±128mV VOUT Output Voltage VSENSE = ±128mV, VS+ ≥ 3.3V Ripple Rejection VS+ = VS– = 20V, ∆VS Supply = 1V, f = 1kHz Minimum Output Voltage VSENSE = 0V, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –128mV, VBIAS = 0V VOMIN VSENSE = 0V, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –128mV, VBIAS = 0V Unipolar Output Saturation Voltage ● ● ● ● ● 80 RG1A, RG2A Input Gain-Setting Resistor Pin 1 to Pin 2, Pin 7 to Pin 8 ROUT Pin 5 to Pin 6 µA V 88 dB 30 10 45 mV mV 30 10 49 mV mV 32 38 43 49 50 55 60 65 mV mV mV mV 32 38 43 49 54 59 64 69 mV mV mV mV VS + – 0.75 Maximum Output Voltage Output Resistor ● VSENSE = 2mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 4mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 5mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 6mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 2mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 4mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 5mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 6mV, VBIAS = 0V VOMAX ±50 VBIAS ±1.024 V 1.25 kΩ 20 kΩ 1787fc 3 LT1787/LT1787HV ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. Total supply = (VS– – VEE) = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787I), 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HVI) unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER VS –, VS + Sense Amplifier Supply Voltage Single Supply Operation (LT1787) Single Supply Operation (LT1787HV) VSENSE Input Sense Voltage Full Scale VOS Input Offset Voltage (S8) Input Offset Voltage (MS8) CONDITIONS MIN ● ● 2.5 2.5 VSENSE = VS+ – VS–, VS = 10V, VBIAS = 5V, AV = 8 ±10% ● 500 IOUT = 0, VS Supply = 5V – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C ● – 75 – 200 IOUT = 0 (LT1787) – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C ● IOUT = 0 (LT1787HV) – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C TYP MAX 36 60 UNITS V V mV ±40 75 200 µV µV – 100 – 225 100 225 µV µV ● – 100 – 225 100 225 µV µV IOUT = 0, VS Supply = 5V – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C ● – 125 – 250 125 250 µV µV IOUT = 0 (LT1787) – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C ● – 150 – 280 150 280 µV µV IOUT = 0 (LT1787HV) – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C ● – 150 – 280 150 280 µV µV ● ±40 0.5 2 µV/°C VOS TC Temperature Coefficient of VOS VS Supply = 5V (Note 6) IOUT(O) No-Load Output Current Error VSENSE = 0V VOUT(O) No-Load Output Voltage Error (S8) VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 5V – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C ● –600 – 1600 600 1600 µV µV No-Load Output Voltage Error (MS8) VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 5V – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C ● – 1000 – 2000 1000 2000 µV µV gm Tranconductance, IOUT/ VSENSE ±VSENSE = 10mV, 50mV, 100mV, 150mV, 250mV, VS Supply = Total Supply + |VSENSE| AV Gain, VOUT/ VSENSE ±VSENSE = 100mV, VS Supply = 5V ● Output Voltage Gain Error ±VSENSE = 100mV, VS Supply = 5V ● VS PSRR VS Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787) VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HV) ● ● VEE PSRR Negative Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 15V, VBIAS = 0V, VEE = – 1V to – 15V (LT1787) ● VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 40V, VBIAS = 0V, VEE = – 1V to – 15V (LT1787HV) 4 nA µA/V 400 7.76 8 8.24 V/V –3 1 3 120 120 135 135 dB dB 100 130 dB ● 100 130 dB 100 100 130 130 dB dB % ∆VOS ∆VBIAS Change in Input Offset Voltage with Change in VBIAS Voltage VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 36V, VBIAS = 0.5V to 25V (LT1787) ● VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 60V, VBIAS = 0.5V to 25V (LT1787HV) ● IS+(O) Positive Input Sense Current VSENSE = 0V ● 10 20 µA IS–(O) Negative Input Sense Current VSENSE = 0V ● 50 100 µA IEE(O) Negative Supply Current VSENSE = 0V ● 60 120 µA IOUT Output Current VSENSE = ±128mV VOUT VOMIN ±50 + ≥ 3.3V Output Voltage VSENSE = ±128mV, VS Ripple Rejection VS+ = VS– = 20V, ∆VS Supply = 1V, f = 1kHz Minimum Output Voltage VSENSE = 0V, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –128mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 0V, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –128mV, VBIAS = 0V ● ● 80 µA VBIAS ±1.024 V 88 dB 30 10 45 mV mV 30 10 51 mV mV 1787fc 4 LT1787/LT1787HV ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. Total supply = (VS– – VEE) = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787I), 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HVI) unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS Unipolar Output Saturation Voltage VSENSE = 2mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 4mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 5mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 6mV, VBIAS = 0V MIN VSENSE = 2mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 4mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 5mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 6mV, VBIAS = 0V VOMAX ● ● ● ● MAX 32 38 43 49 50 55 60 65 mV mV mV mV 32 38 43 49 56 61 66 71 mV mV mV mV VS + – 0.75 Maximum Output Voltage RG1A, RG2A Input Gain-Setting Resistor Pin 1 to Pin 2, Pin 7 to Pin 8 ROUT Pin 5 to Pin 6 Output Resistor TYP UNITS V 1.25 kΩ 20 kΩ The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. Total supply = (VS– – VEE) = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787H), 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HVH) unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) VS –, VS + Sense Amplifier Supply Voltage Single Supply Operation (LT1787H) Single Supply Operation (LT1787HVH) VSENSE Input Sense Voltage Full Scale VOS Input Offset Voltage ● ● 2.5 2.5 VSENSE = VS+ – VS–, VS = 10V, VBIAS = 5V, AV = 8 ±10% ● 500 IOUT = 0, VS Supply = 5V – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C ● – 75 – 400 IOUT = 0 (LT1787H) – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C ● IOUT = 0 (LT1787HVH) – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C ● ● VOS TC Temperature Coefficient of VOS VS Supply = 5V (Note 6) IOUT(O) No-Load Output Current Error VSENSE = 0V VOUT(O) No-Load Output Voltage Error VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 5V – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C 36 60 mV ±40 75 400 µV µV – 100 – 550 100 550 µV µV – 100 – 550 100 550 µV µV 0.5 4 4 ● V V –600 – 3200 µV/°C nA 600 3200 µV µV gm Tranconductance, IOUT/ VSENSE ±VSENSE = 10mV, 50mV, 100mV, 150mV, 250mV, VS Supply = Total Supply + |VSENSE| AV Gain, VOUT/ VSENSE ±VSENSE = 100mV, VS Supply = 5V ● 7.76 8 8.24 V/V Output Voltage Gain Error ±VSENSE = 100mV, VS Supply = 5V ● –3 1 3 % VS Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787H) VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HVH) ● ● 100 100 130 130 dB dB VEE PSRR Negative Supply Rejection Ratio VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 15V, VBIAS = 0V, VEE = – 1V to – 15V (LT1787H) ● 100 130 dB VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 40V, VBIAS = 0V, VEE = – 1V to – 15V (LT1787HVH) ● 100 130 dB 100 100 130 130 dB dB VS PSRR µA/V 400 ∆VOS ∆VBIAS Change in Input Offset Voltage with Change in VBIAS Voltage VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 36V, VBIAS = 0.5V to 25V (LT1787H) ● VSENSE = 0V, VS Supply = 60V, VBIAS = 0.5V to 25V (LT1787HVH) ● IS+(O) Positive Input Sense Current VSENSE = 0V ● 10 25 µA IS–(O) Negative Input Sense Current VSENSE = 0V ● 50 115 µA IEE(O) Negative Supply Current VSENSE = 0V ● 60 140 µA IOUT Output Current VSENSE = ±128mV VOUT Output Voltage VSENSE = ±128mV, VS Ripple Rejection VS+ + ≥ 3.3V = VS = 20V, ∆VS Supply = 1V, f = 1kHz – ● 80 ±50 µA VBIAS ±1.024 V 88 dB 1787fc 5 LT1787/LT1787HV ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. Total supply = (VS– – VEE) = 2.5V to 36V (LT1787H), 2.5V to 60V (LT1787HVH) unless otherwise specified. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN VOMIN Minimum Output Voltage VSENSE = 0V, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –128mV, VBIAS = 0V ● VSENSE = 0V, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = VS+ – VS– = –128mV, VBIAS = 0V Unipolar Output Saturation Voltage VSENSE = 2mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 4mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 5mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 6mV, VBIAS = 0V ● ● ● ● VSENSE = 2mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 4mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 5mV, VBIAS = 0V VSENSE = 6mV, VBIAS = 0V VOMAX MAX UNITS 30 10 45 mV mV 30 10 55 mV mV 32 38 43 49 50 55 60 65 mV mV mV mV 32 38 43 49 60 65 70 75 mV mV mV mV VS + – 0.75 Maximum Output Voltage RG1A, RG2A Input Gain-Setting Resistor Pin 1 to Pin 2, Pin 7 to Pin 8 ROUT Pin 5 to Pin 6 Output Resistor TYP Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) sensitive devices. Extensive use of ESD protection devices are used internal to the LT1787/LT1787HV, however, high electrostatic discharge can damage or degrade the device. Use proper ESD handling precautions. Note 3: The LT1787C/LT1787I are guaranteed functional over the operating temperature range of –40°C to 85°C. The LT1787H is V 1.25 kΩ 20 kΩ guaranteed functional over the operating temperature range of –40°C to 125°C. Note 4: The LT1787C is guaranteed to meet specified performance from 0°C to 70°C. The LT1787C is designed, characterized and expected to meet specified performance from –40°C to 85°C but is not tested or QA sampled at these temperatures. The LT1787I is guaranteed to meet specified performance from – 40°C to 85°C. The LT1787H is guaranteed to meet specified performance from –40°C to 125°C. Note 5: Testing done at VBIAS = 1.25V, VEE = 0V unless otherwise specified. Note 6: This parameter is not 100% tested. U W TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS No Load Output Voltage vs Supply Voltage 50 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) 40 30 20 TA = 85°C TA = 25°C –10 –20 –30 VS+ = VS– VBIAS = 0V VEE = –1.25V 300 10 0 10 400 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (µV) VS + = V S – VBIAS = 0V VEE = –1.25V TA = –40°C No Load Output Current vs Supply Voltage 200 6 TA = 85°C 100 0 TA = 25°C –100 –200 –50 0 10 30 40 50 20 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 60 1787 G01 –400 TA = 25°C 4 2 0 –2 TA = 85°C –4 –6 TA = –40°C –300 –40 TA = –40°C 8 OUTPUT CURRENT (nA) Input Offset Voltage vs Supply Voltage VBIAS = 1V VEE = 0V VS + = V S – –8 –10 0 50 10 20 30 40 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 60 1787 G02 0 10 30 40 50 20 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 60 1787 G03 1787fc 6 LT1787/LT1787HV U W TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Input Offset Voltage vs Temperature Input Offset Voltage vs Negative Supply Voltage 50 20 10 0 VS+ = VS– VBIAS = 0V VEE = –1.25V 40 TA = 85°C 30 TA = 25°C –10 TA = –40°C –20 2.5 2.0 1.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) VS+ = VS– = 2.5V VBIAS = 1V INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) 20 10 0 –10 –20 0 –5 –10 –15 –20 –25 NEGATIVE SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 80 85 –250 Gain vs Temperature 1.4 Gain vs Frequency 30 VS = (2.5V + |VSENSE|)TO 60V VS = 2.5V TO 60V TA = –40°C TO 85°C VBIAS = VEE VSENSE = 10mV 20 8.185 VS+ > VS– 1.0 250 1787 G06 8.195 1.2 –150 50 150 –50 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 1787 G05 Output Voltage vs Sense Voltage (Unidirectional Mode) 10 0.8 0.6 GAIN (dB) 8.175 GAIN (V/V) OUPUT VOLTAGE (V) –1.0 –2.5 –20 1787 G04 8.165 8.155 0.4 0 –10 –20 VS+ < VS– –30 8.145 0.2 –40 0 0 30 60 90 120 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 150 8.135 –40 –20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) –50 0.1k 80 85 60 NEGATIVE INPUT SENSE CURRENT (µA) 65 TA = 25°C 60 TA = –40°C 55 50 45 VS+ = VS– 40 0 20 30 40 50 10 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 60 1787 G10 110 90 80 60 TA = 85°C TA = 25°C 50 40 100M 60 VS = (2.5V + |VSENSE |) TO 60V 100 70 10M Positive Input Sense Current vs Sense Voltage 120 75 TA = 85°C 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1787 G09 Negative Input Sense Current vs Sense Voltage Supply Current vs Supply Voltage 70 1k 1787 G08 1787 G07 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) –0.5 –2.0 –50 –40 –30 0.5 VBIAS –1.5 –30 –40 –30 VS = 5.5V TO 60V VBIAS = 2.5V VEE = 0V 1.0 TA = –40°C 30 –128 –96 –64 –32 0 32 64 96 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 128 1787 G11 POSITIVE INPUT SENSE CURRENT (µA) INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) 30 Output Voltage vs Sense Voltage (Bidirectional Mode) VS = (2.5V + |VSENSE |) TO 60V 50 40 TA = 85°C 30 20 TA = 25°C TA = –40°C 10 0 –128 –96 –64 –32 0 32 64 96 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 128 1787 G17 1787fc 7 LT1787/LT1787HV U W TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 10mV Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 128mV Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to 128mV 10mV 100mV 100mV 0V 0V 0V 80mV 1V 1V 500mV 500mV 0V 0V 0V COUT = 0pF COUT = 0pF 1787 G12 Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to –128mV COUT = 1000pF 1787 G18 Step Response at VSENSE = 0V to –128mV Step Response at VSENSE = – 128mV to 128mV 0V 0V – 100mV –100mV 100mV 0V – 100mV 1V 0V 0V – 500mV –500mV 0V – 1V –1V –1V COUT = 1000pF 1787 G19 Step Response at VSENSE = 128mV to –128mV VOUT Error vs Supply Ripple Voltage (VSENSE = ±128mV) 16 900 14 1V 0V –1V 1787 G15 SUPPLY RIPPLE VOLTAGE (mV) –100mV 12 800 700 600 500 0.5% 400 5% 1% 300 200 VOUT ERROR LESS THAN 0.1% 2% 10 VS– = 18V VBIAS = 0V VEE = –18V 8 6 4 2 0 –2 –4 100 0 100 1787 G20 Output Voltage vs Sense Voltage 1000 100mV COUT = 2200pF COUT = 0 1787 G14 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) COUT = 0 1787 G13 –6 –8 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 1787 G16 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 0 –0.8 –0.4 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (V) 2.0 1787 G21 1787fc 8 LT1787/LT1787HV U U U PIN FUNCTIONS FIL–, FIL+ (Pins 1, 8): Negative and Positive Filter Terminals. Differential mode noise can be filtered by connecting a capacitor across FIL– and FIL+ . Pole frequency f– 3dB = 1/(2πRC), R = 1.25kΩ. where: VOUT > VBIAS for VS+ > VS– VOUT < VBIAS for VS+ < VS– VOUT(O) is the no load output voltage at VSENSE = 0V. VS – (Pin 2): Negative Input Sense Terminal. Negative sense voltage will result in an output sinking current proportional to the sense current. VS – is connected to an internal gain-setting resistor RG1A and supplies bias current to the internal amplifier. VBIAS (Pin 6): Output Bias Pin. For single supply, bidirectional current sensing operation, VBIAS is connected to an external bias voltage, so that at VSENSE = 0V, VOUT = VOUT(O) + VBIAS. For dual supply, bidirectional current sensing operation, VBIAS is connected to ground. Thus, VOUT = VOUT(O) at VSENSE = 0V. DNC (Pin 3): Do Not Connect. Connected internally. Do not connect external circuitry to this pin. VS+ (Pin 7): Positive Input Sense Terminal. Positive sense voltage will result in an output sourcing current proportional to the sense current. VS+ is connected to an internal gain-setting resistor RG2A. Connecting a supply to VS+ and a load to VS– will allow the LT1787 to measure its own supply current. VEE (Pin 4): Negative Supply or Ground for Single Supply Operation. VOUT (Pin 5): Voltage Output or Current Output proportional to the magnitude of the sense current flowing through RSENSE. For bidirectional current sensing operation, VOUT = AV • VSENSE + VOUT(O) + VBIAS, W BLOCK DIAGRAM RSENSE VS – ISENSE RG1A 1.25k VS+ RG2A 1.25k FIL– FIL+ RG2B 1.25k RG1B 1.25k – + A1 IOUT VBIAS Q1 Q2 ROUT 20k VOUT VEE CURRENT MIRROR 1787 F 01 Figure 1. LT1787 Functional Diagram 1787fc 9 LT1787/LT1787HV U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The LT1787 high side current sense amplifier (Figure 1) provides accurate bidirectional monitoring of current through a user-selected sense resistor. The sense voltage is amplified by a fixed gain of 8 and level shifted from the positive power supply to the ground referenced outputs. The output signal may be used in a variety of ways to interface with subsequent signal processing circuitry. Input and output filtering are easily implemented to eliminate aliasing errors. Theory of Operation Inputs VS+ and VS– apply the sense voltage to matched resistors RG1 and RG2. The opposite ends of resistors RG1 and RG2 are forced to be at equal potentials by the voltage gain of amplifier A1. The currents through RG1 and RG2 are forced to flow through transistors Q1 and Q2 and are summed at node VOUT by the 1:1 current mirror. The net current from RG1 and RG2 flowing through resistor ROUT gives a voltage gain of eight. Positive sense voltages result in VOUT being positive with respect to pin VBIAS. Pins VEE, VBIAS and VOUT may be connected in a variety of ways to interface with subsequent circuitry. Split supply and single supply output configurations are shown in the following sections. Supply current for amplifier A1 is drawn from the VS– pin. The user may choose to include this current in the monitored current through RSENSE by careful choice of connection polarity. Selection of External Current Sense Resistor External RSENSE resistor selection is a delicate trade-off between power dissipation in the resistor and current measurement accuracy. The LT1787 makes this decision less difficult than with competitors’ products. The maximum sense voltage may be as large as ±500mV to get maximum resolution, however, high current applications will not want to suffer this much power dissipation in the sense resistor. The LT1787’s input offset voltage of 40µV gives high resolution for low sense voltages. This wide operating dynamic range gives the user wide latitude in tailoring the range and resolution of his supply monitoring function. Kelvin connection of the LT1787’s VS+ and VS– inputs to the sense resistor should be used in all but the lowest power applications. Solder connections and PC board interconnect resistance (approximately 0.5mΩ per square) can be a large error in high current systems. A 5-Amp application might choose a 20mΩ sense resistor to give a 100mV full-scale input to the LT1787. Input offset voltage will limit resolution to 2mA. Neglecting contact resistance at solder joints, even one square of PC board copper at each resistor end will cause an error of 5%. This error will grow proportionately higher as monitored current levels rise to tens or hundreds of amperes. Input Noise Filtering The LT1787 provides input signal filtering pins FIL+ and FIL– that are internally connected to the midpoint taps of resistors RG1 and RG2. These pins may be used to filter the input signal entering the LT1787’s internal amplifier, and should be used when fast current ripple or transients may flow through the sense resistor. High frequency signals above the 300kHz bandwidth of the LT1787’s internal amplifier will cause errors. A capacitor connected between FIL+ and FIL– creates a single pole low pass filter with corner frequency: f –3dB = 1/(2πRC) where R = 1.25k. A 0.01µF capacitor creates a pole at 12.7kHz, a good choice for many applications. Common mode filtering from the FIL+ and FIL– pins should not be attempted, as mismatch in the capacitors from FIL+ and FIL– will create AC common mode errors. Common mode filtering must be done at the power supply output. Output Signal Range The LT1787’s output signal is developed by summing the net currents through RG1 and RG2 into output resistor ROUT. The pins VOUT and VBIAS may be connected in numerous configurations to interface with following circuitry in either single supply or split supply applications. Care must be used in connecting the output pins to preserve signal accuracy. Limitations on the signal swing at VOUT are imposed by the negative supply, VEE, and the input voltage VS+. In the negative direction, internal circuit saturation with loss of accuracy occurs for VOUT < 70mV 1787fc 10 LT1787/LT1787HV U U W U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION with absolute minimum swing at 30mV above VEE. VOUT may swing positive to within 0.75V of VS+ or a maximum of 35V, a limit set by internal junction breakdown. Within these contraints, an amplified, level shifted representation of the RSENSE voltage is developed across ROUT. 1.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.0 Split Supply Bipolar Output Swing Figure 2 shows the LT1787 used with split power supplies. The VBIAS pin is connected to ground, and the output signal appears at the VOUT pin. Bidirectional input currents can be monitored with the output swinging positive for current flow from VS+ and VS–. Input currents in the opposite direction cause VOUT to swing below ground. Figure 2 shows an optional output capacitor connected from VOUT to ground. This capacitor may be used to filter the output signal before it is processed by other circuitry.Figure 3 shows the voltage transfer function of the LT1787 used in this configuration. VS = 3.3V TO 60V TA = – 40°C TO 85°C 0.5 0 –0.5 –1.0 –1.5 –128 –96 –64 –32 0 32 64 96 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 1787 F03 Figure 3. Split Supply Output Voltage RSENSE TO CHARGER/ LOAD 1 FIL– – 2 VS Single Supply with Shifted VBIAS 3 RSENSE TO CHARGER/ LOAD 1 FIL– 2 VS– 3 DNC FIL+ LT1787 C1 1µF 8 15V VS+ 7 VBIAS 6 ROUT 4 C2 1µF –5V VEE 5 VOUT OUTPUT C3* 1000pF 1787 F02 *OPTIONAL Figure 2. Split Supply Operation DNC FIL+ LT1787HV + VS VEE *OPTIONAL 3.3V TO 60V C1 1µF 8 3.3V 7 20k 5% VBIAS 6 ROUT 4 C2 1µF 5 VOUT LT1634-1.25 C3* 1000pF OUTPUT 1787 F04 Figure 4. Charge/Discharge Current Monitor on Single Supply with VBIAS = 1.25V OUTPUT VOLTAGE – OUTPUT BIAS VOLTAGE (V) Figure 4 shows the LT1787 used in a single supply mode with the VBIAS pin shifted positive using an external LT1634 voltage reference. The VOUT output signal can swing above and below VBIAS to allow monitoring of positive or negative currents through the sense resistor, as shown in Figure 5. The choice of reference voltage is not critical except for the precaution that adequate headroom must be provided for VOUT to swing without saturating the internal circuitry. The component values shown in Figure 4 allow operation with VS supplies as low as 3.1V. 128 1.5 1.0 VS = 3.3V TO 60V TA = – 40°C TO 85°C 0.5 0 –0.5 –1.0 –1.5 –128 –96 –64 –32 0 32 64 96 SENSE VOLTAGE (VS+ – VS–) (mV) 128 1787 F05 Figure 5. Single Supply Output Voltage with VBIAS = 1.25V 1787fc 11 LT1787/LT1787HV U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION RSENSE Operation with A/D Converter Figure 6 shows the LT1787 operating with the LTC1286 A/D converter. This low cost circuit is capable of 12-bit resolution of unipolar currents. The – IN pin of the A/D converter is biased at 1V by the resistor divider R1 and R2. This voltage increases as sense current increases, with the amplified sense voltage appearing between the A/D converters –IN and +IN terminals. The front page of the data sheet shows a similar circuit which uses a voltage reference for improved accuracy and signal range. The LTC1286 converter uses sequential sampling of its –IN and +IN inputs. Accuracy is degraded if the inputs move between sampling intervals. A filter capacitor from FIL+ to FIL– as well as a filter capacitor from VBIAS to VOUT may be necessary if the sensed current changes more than 1LSB within a conversion cycle. Buffered Output Operation Figure 7 shows the LT1787’s outputs buffered by an operational amplifier configured as an I/V converter. This configuration is ideal for monitoring very low voltage supplies. The LT1787’s VOUT pin is held equal to the reference voltage appearing at the op amp’s noninverting input. This allows monitoring VS supplies as low as 2.5V. The op amp’s output may swing from ground to its positive supply voltage. The low impedance output of the op amp may drive following circuitry more effectively than the high output impedance of the LT1787. The I/V converter configuration also works well with split supply voltages. 5V 1 FIL – 2 VS 3 4 LT1787 VS+ 7 ROUT VEE 5V R1 20k 5% VBIAS 6 IOUT DNC VCC CS LTC1286 CLK –IN D VREF GND OUT 5 +IN VOUT R2 5k 5% TO µP 1787 F06 Figure 6. Unidirectional Output into A/D with Fixed Supply at VS+ ISENSE RSENSE TO CHARGER/ LOAD 1 FIL– – 2 VS 3 4 C1 1µF 8 FIL+ LT1787 2.5V + VSENSE(MAX) VS+ 7 2.5V VBIAS 6 DNC ROUT VEE C3 1000pF 5 VOUT – VOUT A A1 + 2.5V 1M 5% LT1495 LT1389-1.25 1787 F07 Figure 7. Single Supply 2.5V Bidirectional Operation with External Voltage Reference and I/V Converter Single Supply Unidirectional Operation Figure 8 shows the simplest connection in which the LT1787 may be used. The VBIAS pin is connected to ground, and the VOUT pin swings positive with increasing sense current. The LT1787’s outputs can swing as low as 30mV as shown in Figure 9. Accuracy is sacrificed at small output levels, but this is not a limitation in protection circuit applications or where sensed currents do not vary greatly. Increased low level accuracy can be obtained by level shifting VBIAS above ground. The level shifting may be done with resistor dividers, voltage references or a simple diode. Accuracy is ensured if the output signal is sensed differentially between VBIAS and VOUT. C1 1µF 8 FIL+ – RSENSE TO LOAD 2.5V TO 60V C 0.1µF 8 FIL+ LT1787HV – VS+ 7 2 VS 1 3 4 FIL– DNC VBIAS 6 ROUT VEE VOUT 5 VOUT 1787 F08 Figure 8. Unidirectional Current Sensing Mode 1787fc 12 LT1787/LT1787HV U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION resistor. When an external resistor is used, leave the VBIAS pin floating or connected to the VOUT pin. This will remove the internal ROUT from the circuit. 0.30 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.25 0.20 The voltage gain will be gm • ROUT where gm is the LT1787’s transconductance, 400µA/V typical. A nominal gain of 40 may be obtained with an external 100k resistor used in place of the internal 20k ROUT: 0.15 0.10 AV = gm • ROUT = 400µA/V • 100k = 40 0.05 0 IDEAL 0 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 VS+ – VS– (V) 0.025 0.030 1787 F09 Figure 9. Expanded Scale of Unidirectional Output Adjusting Gain Setting The LT1787 may be used in all operating modes with an external resistor used in place of the internal 20k ROUT The transconductance gm is set by on-chip resistors on the LT1787. These resistors match well but have loose absolute tolerance. This will normally require that the external gain setting resistor be trimmed for initial accuracy. After trimming, the temperature stability of the gm and therefore gain will be –200ppm/°C. The only limitations placed upon the resistor choice is care must be taken not to saturate the internal circuitry by violating the VOMAX specification of VS + –0.75V. 1787fc 13 LT1787/LT1787HV U PACKAGE DESCRIPTION MS8 Package 8-Lead Plastic MSOP (LTC DWG # 05-08-1660) 0.889 ± 0.127 (.035 ± .005) 5.23 (.206) MIN 3.20 – 3.45 (.126 – .136) 0.42 ± 0.038 (.0165 ± .0015) TYP 3.00 ± 0.102 (.118 ± .004) (NOTE 3) 0.65 (.0256) BSC 8 7 6 5 0.52 (.0205) REF RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 0.254 (.010) 3.00 ± 0.102 (.118 ± .004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ± 0.152 (.193 ± .006) DETAIL “A” 0° – 6° TYP GAUGE PLANE 0.53 ± 0.152 (.021 ± .006) DETAIL “A” 1 2 3 4 1.10 (.043) MAX 0.86 (.034) REF 0.18 (.007) SEATING PLANE 0.22 – 0.38 (.009 – .015) TYP 0.65 (.0256) BSC 0.127 ± 0.076 (.005 ± .003) MSOP (MS8) 0204 NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 1787fc 14 LT1787/LT1787HV U PACKAGE DESCRIPTION S8 Package 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow 0.150) (LTC DWG # 05-08-1610) .189 – .197 (4.801 – 5.004) NOTE 3 .045 ±.005 .050 BSC 8 .245 MIN 7 6 5 .160 ±.005 .150 – .157 (3.810 – 3.988) NOTE 3 .228 – .244 (5.791 – 6.197) .030 ±.005 TYP 1 RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT .010 – .020 × 45° (0.254 – 0.508) .008 – .010 (0.203 – 0.254) 3 4 .053 – .069 (1.346 – 1.752) .004 – .010 (0.101 – 0.254) 0°– 8° TYP .016 – .050 (0.406 – 1.270) NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN 2 .014 – .019 (0.355 – 0.483) TYP INCHES (MILLIMETERS) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .006" (0.15mm) .050 (1.270) BSC SO8 0303 1787fc Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 15 LT1787/LT1787HV U TYPICAL APPLICATION Split or Single Supply Operation, Bidirectional Output into A/D 1Ω 1% IS = ±125mA VSRCE ≈4.75V 1 – 2 VS 3 VCC 5V 8 FIL+ FIL– LT1787 VS+ 7 10µF 16V VBIAS 6 DNC 20k VEE 4 VEE –5V VOUT 1 VOUT (±1V) 5 OPTIONAL SINGLE SUPPLY OPERATION: DISCONNECT VBIAS FROM GROUND AND CONNECT IT TO VREF. REPLACE –5V SUPPLY WITH GROUND. OUTPUT CODE FOR ZERO CURRENT WILL BE ~2430 CONV 7 2 6 AIN LTC1404 CLK VREF 5 DOUT GND 10µF 16V 4 8 3 10µF 16V VEE –5V CLOCKING CIRCUITRY DOUT 1787 TA02 RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC1043 Dual Precision Instrumentation Switched Capacitor Building Block 120dB CMRR, 3V to 18V Operation LT1490/LT1491 Dual and Quad Micropower Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Op Amps 50µA Amplifier, 2.7V to 40V Operation, Over-The-TopTM Inputs LT1620/LT1621 Rail-to-Rail Current Sense Amplifiers Accurate Output Current Programming, Battery Charging to 32V Over-The-Top is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. 1787fc 16 Linear Technology Corporation LT 0606 REV C • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1999