–28 V, −200 mA, Low Noise, Linear Regulator ADP7182 Data Sheet FEATURES TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS GND VIN = –8V ON OFF –2V VIN VOUT = –5V VOUT ADP7182 2V EN 0V NC ON Figure 1. ADP7182 with Fixed Output Voltage, VOUT = −5 V CIN 2.2µF COUT 2.2µF GND ON OFF VIN 2V 0V VOUT 13kΩ 40.2kΩ VOUT = –5V ADP7182 EN ADJ ON 10703-002 VIN = –8V –2V APPLICATIONS COUT 2.2µF CIN 2.2µF 10703-001 Low noise: 18 µV rms Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR): 66 dB at 10 kHz at VOUT = −3 V Positive or negative enable logic Stable with small 2.2 µF ceramic output capacitor Input voltage range: −2.7 V to −28 V Maximum output current: −200 mA Low dropout voltage: −185 mV at −200 mA load Initial accuracy: ±1% Accuracy over line, load, and temperature +2% maximum/−3% minimum Low quiescent current, IGND = −650 µA with −200 mA load Low shutdown current: −2 µA Adjustable output from −1.22 V to −VIN + VDO Current-limit and thermal overload protection 8-lead LFCSP and 5-lead TSOT Figure 2. ADP7182 with Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −5 V Regulation to noise sensitive applications Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuits, precision amplifiers Communications and infrastructure Medical and healthcare Industrial and instrumentation GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADP7182 is a CMOS, low dropout (LDO) linear regulator that operates from −2.7 V to −28 V and provides up to −200 mA of output current. This high input voltage LDO is ideal for regulation of high performance analog and mixed signal circuits operating from −27 V down to −1.22 V rails. Using an advanced proprietary architecture, it provides high power supply rejection and low noise, and achieves excellent line and load transient response with a small 2.2 µF ceramic output capacitor. Rev. A The ADP7182 is available in a fixed output voltage and an adjustable version that allows the output voltage to range from −1.22 V to −VIN + VDO via an external feedback divider. The ADP7182 regulator output noise is 18 µV rms independent of the output voltage. The enable logic is capable of interfacing with positive or negative logic levels for maximum flexibility. The ADP7182 is available in an 8-lead LFCSP package for a small, low profile footprint. The 5-lead TSOT package is scheduled for release by the end of 2013. Document Feedback Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 ©2013 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Technical Support www.analog.com ADP7182 Data Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 20 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Enable Pin Operation ................................................................ 20 Typical Application Circuits............................................................ 1 Adjustable Mode Operation ..................................................... 20 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Applications Information .............................................................. 21 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 ADIsimPower Design Tool ....................................................... 21 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Capacitor Selection .................................................................... 21 Input and Output Capacitance, Recommended Specifications ................................................................................ 4 Enable Pin Operation ................................................................ 22 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 5 Noise Reduction of the Adjustable ADP7182 ............................ 23 Thermal Data ................................................................................ 5 Current-Limit and Thermal Overload Protection ................. 23 Thermal Resistance ...................................................................... 5 Thermal Considerations............................................................ 24 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 5 PCB Layout Considerations ...................................................... 26 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ........................... 6 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 27 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 8 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 27 Soft Start ...................................................................................... 22 REVISION HISTORY 5/13—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changed Start-Up Time VOUT = −5 V from 450 µs to 550 µs ..... 3 Changes to Figure 9 and Figure 12 ................................................. 8 Changes to Figure 13 ........................................................................ 9 Changes to Figure 19 and Figure 22............................................. 10 Changes to Figure 28 ...................................................................... 11 Changes to Figure 31 and Figure 34............................................. 12 Changes to Figure 37 and Figure 40............................................. 13 Changes to Figure 43 ...................................................................... 14 Added ADIsimPower Design Tool Section ................................. 21 4/13—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. A | Page 2 of 28 Data Sheet ADP7182 SPECIFICATIONS VIN = (VOUT − 0.5 V) or −2.7 V (whichever is greater), EN = VIN, IOUT = −10 mA, CIN = COUT = 2.2 µF, TJ = −40°C to +125°C for minimum/maximum specifications, TA = 25°C for typical specifications, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE OPERATING SUPPLY CURRENT Symbol VIN IGND SHUTDOWN CURRENT IGND-SD OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY Fixed Output Voltage Accuracy Adjustable Output Voltage Accuracy VOUT VADJ LINE REGULATION LOAD REGULATION 1 ADJ INPUT BIAS CURRENT DROPOUT VOLTAGE 2 ∆VOUT/∆VIN ∆VOUT/∆IOUT ADJI-BIAS VDO START-UP TIME 3 tSTART-UP CURRENT-LIMIT THRESHOLD 4 THERMAL SHUTDOWN Thermal Shutdown Threshold Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis EN THRESHOLD Positive Rise Negative Rise Positive Fall Negative Fall INPUT VOLTAGE LOCKOUT Start Threshold Shutdown Threshold Hysteresis OUTPUT NOISE ILIMIT Test Conditions/Comments IOUT = 0 µA IOUT = −10 mA IOUT = −200 mA EN = GND EN = GND, VIN = −2.7 V to −28 V –1 –3 −1.208 −1 mA < IOUT < −200 mA, VIN = (VOUT − 0.5 V) to −28 V VIN = (VOUT − 0.5 V) to −28 V IOUT = −1 mA to −200 mA −1 mA < IOUT < −200 mA, VIN = (VOUT − 0.5 V) to −28 V IOUT = −10 mA IOUT = −50 mA IOUT = −200 mA VOUT = −5 V VOUT = −2.8 V −1.184 −0.01 −230 TJ rising VEN-POS-RISE VEN-NEG-RISE VEN-POS-FALL VEN-NEG-FALL VOUT = off to on (positive) VOUT = off to on (negative) VOUT = on to off (positive) VOUT = on to off (negative) Typ −33 −100 −650 −2 IOUT = −10 mA, TA = 25°C −1 mA < IOUT < −200 mA, VIN = (VOUT − 0.5 V) to −28 V IOUT = −10 mA TSSD TSSD-HYS −1.22 0.001 10 −25 −46 −185 550 375 −350 Max −28 −53 −150 −850 −8 Unit V µA µA µA µA µA +1 +2 −1.232 % % V −1.244 +0.01 0.006 V %/V %/mA nA mV mV mV µs µs mA −70 −90 −360 −500 150 15 VSTART VSHUTDOWN OUTNOISE Min −2.7 1.2 −2.0 0.3 −0.55 −2.695 10 Hz to 100 kHz, VOUT = −1.5 V, VOUT = −3 V, and VOUT = −5 V 10 Hz to 100 kHz, VOUT = −5 V, adjustable mode, CNR = open, RNR = open, RFB1 = 147 kΩ, RFB2 = 13 kΩ 10 Hz to 100 kHz, VOUT = −5 V, adjustable mode, CNR = 100 nF, RNR = 13 kΩ, RFB1 = 147 kΩ, RFB2 = 13 kΩ Rev. A | Page 3 of 28 °C °C −2.49 −2.34 150 18 −2.1 V V V V V V mV µV rms 150 µV rms 33 µV rms ADP7182 Parameter POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO Data Sheet Symbol PSRR Test Conditions/Comments 1 MHz, VIN = −4.3 V, VOUT = −3 V 1 MHz, VIN = −6 V, VOUT = −5 V 100 kHz, VIN = −4.3 V, VOUT = −3 V 100 kHz, VIN = −6 V, VOUT = −5 V 10 kHz, VIN = −4.3 V, VOUT = −3 V 10 kHz, VIN = −6 V, VOUT = −5 V 1 MHz, VIN = −16 V, VOUT = −15 V, adjustable mode, CNR = 100 nF, RNR = 13 kΩ, RFB1 = 13 kΩ, RFB2 = 147 kΩ 100 kHz, VIN = −16 V, VOUT = −15 V, adjustable mode, CNR = 100 nF, RNR = 13 kΩ, RFB1 = 13 kΩ, RFB2 = 147 kΩ 10 kHz, VIN = −16 V, VOUT = −15 V, adjustable mode, CNR = 100 nF, RNR = 13 kΩ, RFB1 = 13 kΩ, RFB2 = 147 kΩ Min Typ 45 32 45 45 66 66 45 Max Unit dB dB dB dB dB dB dB 45 dB 66 dB Based on an endpoint calculation using −1 mA and −200 mA loads. See Figure 8 for the typical load regulation performance for loads less than 1 mA. Dropout voltage is defined as the input-to-output voltage differential when the input voltage is set to the nominal output voltage. This applies only for output voltages below −3 V. 3 Start-up time is defined as the time between the rising edge of EN to VOUT being at 90% of its nominal value. 4 Current-limit threshold is defined as the current at which the output voltage drops to 90% of the specified typical value. For example, the current limit for a −5 V output voltage is defined as the current that causes the output voltage to drop to 90% of −5 V, or −4.5 V. 1 2 INPUT AND OUTPUT CAPACITANCE, RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS Table 2. Parameter INPUT AND OUTPUT CAPACITANCE Minimum Capacitance 1 Capacitor Effective Series Resistance (ESR) 1 Symbol Test Conditions/Comments Min Typ CMIN RESR TA = −40°C to +125°C TA = −40°C to +125°C 1.5 0.001 2.2 Max Unit 0.2 µF Ω The minimum input and output capacitance must be greater than 1.5 µF over the full range of operating conditions. The full range of operating conditions in the application must be considered during device selection to ensure that the minimum capacitance specification is met. X7R and X5R type capacitors are recommended; Y5V and Z5U capacitors are not recommended for use with any LDO. Rev. A | Page 4 of 28 Data Sheet ADP7182 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 3. Parameter VIN to GND VOUT to GND EN to GND EN to VIN ADJ to GND Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Operating Ambient Temperature Range Soldering Conditions Rating +0.3 V to −30 V 0.3 V to VIN 5 V to VIN +30 V to −0.3 V +0.3 V to VOUT −65°C to +150°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +85°C JEDEC J-STD-020 Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. board design is required. The value of θJA may vary, depending on PCB material, layout, and environmental conditions. The specified values of θJA are based on a 4-layer, 4 in. × 3 in. circuit board. See JESD51-7 and JESD51-9 for detailed information on the board construction. For additional information, see the AN-617 Application Note , MicroCSP™ Wafer Level Chip Scale Package. ΨJB is the junction-to-board thermal characterization parameter with units of °C/W. ΨJB of the package is based on modeling and calculation using a 4-layer board. The JESD51-12, Guidelines for Reporting and Using Electronic Package Thermal Information, states that thermal characterization parameters are not the same as thermal resistances. ΨJB measures the component power flowing through multiple thermal paths rather than a single path as in thermal resistance, θJB. Therefore, ΨJB thermal paths include convection from the top of the package as well as radiation from the package, factors that make ΨJB more useful in real-world applications. Maximum junction temperature is calculated from the board temperature (TB) and power dissipation using the formula THERMAL DATA TJ = TB + (PD × ΨJB) Absolute maximum ratings apply individually only, not in combination. The ADP7182 can be damaged when the junction temperature limits are exceeded. Monitoring ambient temperature does not guarantee that junction temperature (TJ) is within the specified temperature limits. In applications with high power dissipation and poor thermal resistance, the maximum ambient temperature may have to be derated. In applications with moderate power dissipation and low printed circuit board (PCB) thermal resistance, the maximum ambient temperature can exceed the maximum limit as long as the junction temperature is within specification limits. The TJ of the device is dependent on the ambient temperature (TA), the power dissipation of the device (PD), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the package (θJA). See JESD51-8 and JESD51-12 for more detailed information about ΨJB. THERMAL RESISTANCE θJA, θJC, and ΨJB are specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages. Table 4. Thermal Resistance Package Type 8-Lead LFCSP 5-Lead TSOT ESD CAUTION Maximum TJ is calculated from the TA and PD using the formula TJ = TA + (PD × θJA) Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (θJA) of the package is based on modeling and calculation using a 4-layer board. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly dependent on the application and board layout. In applications where high maximum power dissipation exists, close attention to thermal Rev. A | Page 5 of 28 θJA 50.2 170 θJC 31.7 Not applicable ΨJB 18.2 43 Unit °C/W °C/W ADP7182 Data Sheet PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS 5 VOUT GND 1 VIN 2 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) EN 3 VOUT 4 EN 3 NC 4 ADJ NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THIS PIN. TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 10703-003 VIN 2 5 ADP7182 ADP7182 10703-004 GND 1 Figure 3. 5-Lead TSOT Pin Configuration, Fixed Output Voltage Figure 4. 5-Lead TSOT Pin Configuration, Adjustable Output Voltage Table 5. 5-Lead TSOT Pin Function Descriptions TSOT Pin No. Fixed Output Voltage Adjustable Output Voltage 1 1 2 2 Mnemonic GND VIN 3 3 EN 4 Not applicable 5 Not applicable 4 5 NC ADJ VOUT Description Ground. Regulator Input Supply. Bypass VIN to GND with a 2.2 µF or greater capacitor. Drive EN 2 V above or below ground to enable the regulator, or drive EN to ground to turn off the regulator. For automatic startup, connect EN to VIN. No Connect. Do not connect to this pin. Adjustable Input. An external resistor divider sets the output voltage. Regulated Output Voltage. Bypass VOUT to GND with a 2.2 µF or greater capacitor. Rev. A | Page 6 of 28 Data Sheet ADP7182 NC 3 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) EXPOSED PAD EN 4 VOUT 1 7 VIN VOUT 2 ADJ 3 6 GND 5 NC EN 4 NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THIS PIN. 2. THE EXPOSED PAD ON THE BOTTOM OF THE LFCSP PACKAGE ENHANCES THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND IS ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED TO VIN INSIDE THE PACKAGE. THE EXPOSED PAD MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE VIN PLANE ON THE BOARD FOR PROPER OPERATION. BECAUSE THIS IS A NEGATIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR, VIN IS THE MOST NEGATIVE POTENTIAL IN THE CIRCUIT. 8 VIN ADP7182 7 VIN TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 6 GND EXPOSED PAD 5 NC NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THIS PIN. 2. THE EXPOSED PAD ON THE BOTTOM OF THE LFCSP PACKAGE ENHANCES THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND IS ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED TO VIN INSIDE THE PACKAGE. THE EXPOSED PAD MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE VIN PLANE ON THE BOARD FOR PROPER OPERATION. BECAUSE THIS IS A NEGATIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR, VIN IS THE MOST NEGATIVE POTENTIAL IN THE CIRCUIT. 10703-006 ADP7182 VOUT 2 8 VIN 10703-005 VOUT 1 Figure 6. 8-Lead LFCSP Pin Configuration, Adjustable Output Voltage Figure 5. 8-Lead LFCSP Pin Configuration, Fixed Output Voltage Table 6. 8-Lead LFCSP Pin Function Descriptions LFCSP Pin No. Fixed Output Voltage Adjustable Output Voltage 1, 2 1, 2 Mnemonic VOUT Not applicable 3 4 3 Not applicable 4 ADJ NC EN 5 6 7, 8 5 6 7, 8 NC GND VIN 9 9 EPAD Description Regulated Output Voltage. Bypass VOUT to GND with a 2.2 µF or greater capacitor. Adjustable Input. An external resistor divider sets the output voltage. No Connect. Do not connect to this pin. Drive EN 2 V above or below ground to enable the regulator, or drive EN to ground to turn off the regulator. For automatic startup, connect EN to VIN. No Connect. Do not connect to this pin. Ground. Regulator Input Supply. Bypass VIN to GND with a 2.2 µF or greater capacitor. Exposed pad. The exposed pad on the bottom of the LFCSP package enhances thermal performance and is electrically connected to VIN inside the package. The exposed pad must be connected to the VIN plane on the board for proper operation. Because this is a negative voltage regulator, VIN is the most negative potential in the circuit. Rev. A | Page 7 of 28 ADP7182 Data Sheet TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN = −3.5 V, VOUT = −3 V, IOUT = −10 mA, CIN = COUT = 2.2 µF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. –2.980 VOUT (V) –2.985 0 = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –100 –2.990 –2.995 –3.000 –3.005 –200 –300 –400 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD –500 –600 –3.010 = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –700 –3.015 –40 –5 25 85 –800 10703-007 –3.020 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) –40 –5 25 85 10703-010 –2.975 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD GROUND CURRENT (µA) –2.970 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 10. Ground Current vs. Junction Temperature (TJ) Figure 7. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Junction Temperature (TJ) 0 –2.95 –2.96 –100 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –2.97 VOUT (V) –2.98 –2.99 –3.00 –3.01 –3.02 –200 –300 –400 –500 –600 –3.03 –150 –100 50 0 –50 ILOAD (mA) –800 –250 10703-008 –3.05 –200 –150 –100 –50 0 50 ILOAD (mA) Figure 11. Ground Current vs. Load Current (ILOAD) Figure 8. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Load Current (ILOAD) 0 –2.90 = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –100 –3.00 –3.05 –200 –300 –400 –500 –600 –3.10 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 VIN (V) 0 10703-009 –700 –800 –30 ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA –25 –20 ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA –15 –10 –5 VIN (V) Figure 12. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN) Figure 9. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Input Voltage (VIN) Rev. A | Page 8 of 28 0 10703-012 GROUND CURRENT (µA) ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD –2.95 VOUT (V) –200 10703-011 –700 –3.04 Data Sheet ADP7182 0 0 –0.5 –200 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –2.0 –2.5 –3.0 –3.5 –4.0 –4.5 –5.0 –50 VIN = –2.7V VIN = –3.0V VIN = –4.0V VIN = –5.0V VIN = –8.0V VIN = –28.0V –25 –400 –600 –800 –1000 0 25 50 75 100 125 –1200 –3.4 TEMPERATURE (°C) –3.2 –3.0 –2.8 Figure 16. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN) in Dropout 0 –4.90 –4.92 –40 –4.94 –60 –4.96 –80 –4.98 –100 –120 –5.00 –5.02 –140 –5.04 –160 –5.06 –180 –5.08 –200 1 10 100 1000 ILOAD (mA) –5.10 125 –5.000 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –5mA = –10mA = –25mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –5.005 –5.010 –5.015 VOUT (V) –2.75 –2.80 –5.020 –5.025 –5.030 –2.90 –5.035 –2.95 –5.040 –3.00 –5.045 –3.2 –3.0 –2.8 VIN (V) 10703-015 –2.85 –3.05 –3.4 85 –5.050 –200 –150 –100 –50 0 ILOAD (mA) Figure 18. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Load Current (ILOAD), VOUT = −5 V Figure 15. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Input Voltage (VIN) in Dropout Rev. A | Page 9 of 28 10703-018 –2.70 25 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) –2.55 –2.65 –5 –40 = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA Figure 17. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Junction Temperature (TJ), VOUT = −5 V Figure 14. Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current (ILOAD) –2.60 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD 10703-017 VOUT (V) –20 10703-014 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA VIN (V) Figure 13. Shutdown Current vs. Temperature at Various Input Voltages VOUT (V) ILOAD = –5mA ILOAD = –10mA ILOAD = –25mA 10703-016 –1.5 10703-013 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA) –1.0 ADP7182 Data Sheet 0 –4.97 –100 –5.01 –300 –400 –500 –600 –5.02 –700 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 –800 –30 10703-019 –5.03 –30 0 VIN (V) –100 –20 –200 –40 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) –300 –400 ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA –10 –5 0 –60 –80 –100 –120 –140 –700 –40 –5 25 85 –160 10703-020 –800 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 1 10 100 1000 ILOAD (mA) Figure 20. Ground Current vs. Junction Temperature (TJ), VOUT = −5 V Figure 23. Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current (ILOAD), VOUT = −5 V 0 –4.60 –100 –4.65 –4.70 –200 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –5mA = –10mA = –25mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –4.75 VOUT (V) –300 –400 –4.80 –4.85 –500 –4.90 –600 –4.95 –700 –800 –200 –5.00 –150 –100 –50 ILOAD (mA) Figure 21. Ground Current vs. Load Current (ILOAD), VOUT = −5 V 0 –5.05 –5.4 10703-021 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –15 10703-023 GROUND CURRENT (µA) 0 –600 –20 Figure 22. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN), VOUT = −5 V 0 ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA –25 ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA VIN (V) Figure 19. Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage (VIN), VOUT = −5 V –500 ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA 10703-022 –5.00 –200 –5.2 –5.0 VIN (V) –4.8 10703-024 VOUT (V) –4.99 = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA GROUND CURRENT (µA) –4.98 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD Figure 24. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Input Voltage (VIN) in Dropout, VOUT = −5 V Rev. A | Page 10 of 28 Data Sheet ADP7182 0 –1.780 –200 –1.790 VOUT (V) –600 –800 –1.800 = –5mA = –10mA = –25mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –1.805 –5.2 –5.0 –4.8 VIN (V) Figure 25. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN) in Dropout, VOUT = −5 V –1.810 –30 –1.780 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 Figure 28. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Input Voltage (VIN), VOUT = −1.8 V 0 = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –100 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –1.775 –25 VIN (V) –1.770 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA 10703-028 –1600 –5.4 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD –1.785 –1.790 –1.795 –1.800 –200 –300 –400 ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA –500 –600 –1.805 –40 –5 25 85 –700 10703-026 –1.810 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 26. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Junction Temperature (TJ), VOUT = −1.8 V –40 –5 25 85 10703-029 –1200 –1400 VOUT (V) –1.795 –1000 10703-025 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –1.785 –400 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 29. Ground Current vs. Junction Temperature (TJ), VOUT = −1.8 V –1.790 0 –100 GROUND CURRENT (µA) VOUT (V) –1.795 –1.800 –1.805 –200 –300 –400 –500 –150 –100 ILOAD (mA) –50 0 Figure 27. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Load Current (ILOAD), VOUT = −1.8 V Rev. A | Page 11 of 28 –700 –200 –150 –100 –50 0 ILOAD (mA) Figure 30. Ground Current vs. Load Current (ILOAD), VOUT = −1.8 V 10703-030 –1.810 –200 10703-027 –600 ADP7182 Data Sheet 0 –1.20 –100 –400 ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA –500 –1.22 –1.23 –1.24 –600 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 VIN (V) –1.25 –30 10703-031 –700 –30 Figure 31. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN), VOUT = −1.8 V ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 VIN (V) 10703-034 –300 VOUT (V) GROUND CURRENT (µA) –1.21 –200 Figure 34. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Input Voltage (VIN), VOUT = −1.22 V 0 –1.20 –100 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –1.22 –1.23 –1.25 = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –5 –40 –200 –300 –400 –500 ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA –600 25 85 125 –700 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 32. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Junction Temperature (TJ), VOUT = −1.22 V –40 –5 25 85 10703-035 –1.24 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD 10703-032 VOUT (V) –1.21 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 35. Ground Current vs. Junction Temperature (TJ), VOUT = −1.22 V –1.20 0 –100 GROUND CURRENT (µA) VOUT (V) –1.21 –1.22 –1.23 –200 –300 –400 –500 –1.24 –150 –100 ILOAD (mA) –50 0 Figure 33. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Load Current (ILOAD), VOUT = −1.22 V Rev. A | Page 12 of 28 –700 –200 –150 –100 –50 0 ILOAD (mA) Figure 36. Ground Current vs. Load Current (ILOAD), VOUT = −1.22 V 10703-036 –1.25 –200 10703-033 –600 Data Sheet ADP7182 –14.80 0 –14.85 –100 –14.95 –400 –15.00 –15.05 –15.10 –15.15 –500 –15.20 –700 –30 ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA –25 –20 ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA –15 –15.25 –10 –5 0 VIN (V) –15.30 –30 10703-037 –600 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –25 –20 –15 VIN (V) Figure 37. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN), VOUT = −1.22 V Figure 40. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Input Voltage (VIN), Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V –14.80 0 –14.85 10703-040 –300 VOUT (V) GROUND CURRENT (µA) –14.90 –200 –100 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –14.90 –15.00 –15.05 –15.10 –15.20 –15.25 –15.30 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –100µA = –1mA = –10mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –40 –5 –200 –300 –400 –500 ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA –600 ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA –700 25 85 125 –800 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) –40 –5 25 85 10703-041 –15.15 10703-038 VOUT (V) –14.95 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 38. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Junction Temperature (TJ), Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V Figure 41. Ground Current vs. Junction Temperature (TJ), Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V –14.80 0 –14.85 –100 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –14.90 –15.00 –15.05 –15.10 –15.15 –200 –300 –400 –500 –600 –15.20 –15.30 –200 –150 –100 –50 ILOAD (mA) 0 Figure 39. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Load Current (ILOAD), Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V –800 –200 –150 –100 –50 ILOAD (mA) Figure 42. Ground Current vs. Load Current (ILOAD), Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V Rev. A | Page 13 of 28 0 10703-042 –700 –15.25 10703-039 VOUT (V) –14.95 Data Sheet 0 0 –100 –200 –200 –400 GROUND CURRENT (µA) –300 –400 –500 ILOAD = –100µA ILOAD = –1mA ILOAD = –10mA –600 ILOAD = –50mA ILOAD = –100mA ILOAD = –200mA –20 –15 –800 –1000 –1200 VIN (V) –1600 –15.0 10703-043 –25 –600 Figure 43. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN), Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V –14.8 –14.6 –14.4 –14.2 –14.0 VIN (V) Figure 46. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN) in Dropout, VOUT = −15 V 0 0 –10 –20 –20 –40 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –200mA = –100mA = –10mA = –1mA 100 1k –30 PSRR (dB) DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) = –5mA = –10mA = –25mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –1400 –700 –800 –30 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD 10703-046 GROUND CURRENT (µA) ADP7182 –60 –80 –40 –50 –60 –70 –100 –80 –120 10 100 1000 ILOAD (mA) 10703-044 10 0 –14.60 –14.65 –14.70 = –10mA = –10mA = –25mA = –50mA = –100mA = –200mA –10 –20 PSRR (dB) –14.85 –14.90 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –200mA = –100mA = –10mA = –1mA 100 1k –50 –60 –70 –15.00 –80 –15.05 –90 –14.9 10M –40 –14.95 –15.10 –15.0 1M –30 –14.80 –14.8 –14.7 –14.6 –14.5 VIN (V) 10703-045 VOUT (V) –14.75 100k Figure 47. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Frequency, VOUT = −1.22 V vs. Different Load Currents (ILOAD), VIN = −2.7 V Figure 44. Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current (ILOAD), Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 45. Output Voltage (VOUT) vs. Input Voltage (VIN) in Dropout, Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V –100 10 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 48. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Frequency, VOUT = −1.22 V vs. Different Load Currents (ILOAD), VIN = −5.7 V Rev. A | Page 14 of 28 10703-048 1 –100 10703-047 –90 –140 Data Sheet ADP7182 –20 PSRR (dB) –40 –60 –60 –70 –70 1.5 2.5 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 5.0 Figure 49. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Headroom Voltage, VOUT = −1.22 V, Load Current (ILOAD) = −200 mA 0 –10 –20 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD –80 1.0 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –40 PSRR (dB) –30 –60 –70 –80 –90 –90 –100 –100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 10 –10 –20 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –40 PSRR (dB) –30 –50 –60 –80 –90 –90 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 10703-051 –80 1k 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M Figure 51. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Frequency, VOUT = −1.8 V vs. Different Load Currents (ILOAD), VIN = −5.5 V ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD = –200mA = –100mA = –10mA = –1mA 100 1k –60 –70 100 = –200mA = –100mA = –10mA = –1mA –50 –70 10 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD Figure 53. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Frequency, VOUT = −3 V vs. Different Load Currents (ILOAD), VIN = −4.0 V = –200mA = –100mA = –10mA = –1mA –100 4.0 FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 50. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Frequency, VOUT = −1.8 V vs. Different Load Currents (ILOAD), VIN = −2.8 V 0 3.5 –60 –80 100 3.0 2.5 –50 –70 10 2.0 Figure 52. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Headroom Voltage, VOUT = −1.8 V, Load Current (ILOAD) = −200 mA = –200mA = –100mA = –10mA = –1mA –50 1.5 HEADROOM VOLTAGE (V) 10703-050 PSRR (dB) –40 –50 HEADROOM VOLTAGE (V) PSRR (dB) –30 –50 –80 1.0 FREQUENCY = 100Hz FREQUENCY = 1kHz FREQUENCY = 10kHz FREQUENCY = 100kHz FREQUENCY = 1MHz FREQUENCY = 10MHz 10703-053 –30 10703-049 PSRR (dB) –20 –10 –100 10 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 54. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Frequency, VOUT = −3 V vs. Different Load Currents (ILOAD), VIN = −5.5 V Rev. A | Page 15 of 28 10703-054 –10 0 FREQUENCY = 100Hz FREQUENCY = 1kHz FREQUENCY = 10kHz FREQUENCY = 100kHz FREQUENCY = 1MHz FREQUENCY = 10MHz 10703-052 0 ADP7182 Data Sheet 0 0 FREQUENCY = 100Hz FREQUENCY = 1kHz FREQUENCY = 10kHz FREQUENCY = 100kHz FREQUENCY = 1MHz FREQUENCY = 10MHz –10 –20 FREQUENCY = 100Hz FREQUENCY = 1kHz FREQUENCY = 10kHz FREQUENCY = 100kHz FREQUENCY = 1MHz FREQUENCY = 10MHz –10 –20 PSRR (dB) PSRR (dB) –30 –40 –50 –30 –40 –50 –60 –60 –70 0 0.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 HEADROOM VOLTAGE (V) Figure 55. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Headroom Voltage, VOUT = −3 V, Load Current (ILOAD) = −200 mA 0 –10 –20 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD –80 10703-055 –90 0 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 HEADROOM VOLTAGE (V) Figure 58. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Headroom Voltage, Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V with Noise Reduction Network, Load Current (ILOAD) = −200 mA 1000 = –200mA = –100mA = –10mA = –1mA VOUT = –3V VOUT = –1.2V VOUT = –15V ADJ VOUT = –5V VOUT = –1.8V VOUT = –15V ADJ NR NOISE (µV rms) –30 PSRR (dB) 0.25 10703-058 –70 –80 –40 –50 –60 –70 100 10 –80 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 56. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Frequency, Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V vs. Different Load Currents (ILOAD), VIN = −15.5 V with Noise Reduction Network –10 –20 ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD ILOAD 1 0.1 10 100 1000 Figure 59. RMS Noise vs. Load Current (ILOAD), Various Output Voltages 100k = –200mA = –100mA = –10mA = –1mA –30 PSRR (dB) 0.01 LOAD CURRENT (mA) NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY (nV Hz) 0 1 0.001 10703-056 –100 10703-059 –90 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 VOUT = –5V VOUT = –1.8V VOUT = –15V ADJ NR VOUT = –3V VOUT = –1.2V VOUT = –15V ADJ 10k 1k 100 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 10M Figure 57. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) vs. Frequency, Adjustable Output Voltage, VOUT = −15 V vs. Different Load Currents (ILOAD), VIN = −16.5 V with Noise Reduction Network Rev. A | Page 16 of 28 1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 60. Noise Spectral Density, Various Output Voltages 10703-060 10 10703-057 –90 –100 Data Sheet ADP7182 1 1 T T VOUT 2 VOUT 2 VIN CH2 2mV B W M10µs A CH3 T 10.00% 2.52V CH1 500mV BW Figure 61. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −1.22 V, ILOAD = −200 mA CH2 5mV B W M2µs A CH3 T 10.00% 1.60V 10703-064 CH1 500mV BW 10703-061 VIN Figure 64. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −1.8 V, ILOAD = −10 mA 1 1 T T VOUT 2 VIN VIN VOUT CH2 1mV B W M10µs A CH3 T 10.00% 2.52V CH1 1V BW Figure 62. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −1.22 V, ILOAD = −10 mA CH2 5mV B W M4µs A CH3 T 10.00% 1.60V 10703-065 CH1 500mV BW 10703-062 2 Figure 65. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −3 V, ILOAD = −200 mA 1 1 T T VOUT 2 VIN VIN CH2 5mV B W M2µs A CH3 T 10.00% 1.60V 10703-063 CH1 500mV BW CH1 1V BW Figure 63. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −1.8 V, ILOAD = −200 mA CH2 5mV B W M4µs A CH3 T 10.00% 1.60V 10703-066 VOUT 2 Figure 66. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −3 V, ILOAD = −10 mA Rev. A | Page 17 of 28 ADP7182 Data Sheet 1 T T 1 VIN VOUT VIN VOUT CH1 1V BW CH2 10mV B W M2µs A CH3 T 10.00% 2.02V 10703-067 2 CH1 1V BW Figure 67. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −5 V, ILOAD = −200 mA CH2 2mV B M10µs A CH3 T 10.00% W 2.52V 10703-070 2 Figure 70. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −15 V, Noise Reduction Network, ILOAD = −10 mA 1 T T VOUT 2 VOUT 2 1 VIN CH2 5mV B W M2µs A CH3 T 10.00% 2.02V CH1 100mA BW CH2 50mV Figure 68. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −5 V, ILOAD = −10 mA W M40µs A CH1 T 10.40% –122mA Figure 71. Load Transient Response, VOUT = −1.22 V, ILOAD = −1 mA to −200 mA, Load Step = 1 A/µs T 1 B 10703-071 CH1 1V BW 10703-068 LOAD CURRENT T VIN VOUT 2 1 VOUT 2 CH2 2mV B W M4µs A CH3 T 10.00% 2.52V Figure 69. Line Transient Response, 500 mV Step, VOUT = −15 V, Noise Reduction Network, ILOAD = −200 mA CH1 100mA BW CH2 50mV B W M40µs A CH1 T 10.60% –122mA 10703-072 CH1 1V BW 10703-069 LOAD CURRENT Figure 72. Load Transient Response, VOUT = −3 V, ILOAD = −1 mA to −200 mA, Load Step = 1 A/µs Rev. A | Page 18 of 28 Data Sheet ADP7182 T T VOUT VOUT 2 2 1 1 CH2 50mV B W M10µs A CH1 T 10.00% –122mA 10703-073 CH1 100mA BW CH1 100mA BW CH2 50mV B W M40µs A CH1 T 10.00% Figure 73. Load Transient Response, VOUT = −5 V, ILOAD = −1 mA to −200 mA, Load Step = 1 A/µs –122mA 10703-074 LOAD CURRENT LOAD CURRENT Figure 74. Load Transient Response, VOUT = −15 V, ILOAD = −1 mA to −200 mA, Load Step = 1 A/µs, Noise Reduction Network Rev. A | Page 19 of 28 ADP7182 Data Sheet THEORY OF OPERATION The ADP7182 is a low quiescent current, LDO linear regulator that operates from −2.7 V to −28 V and can provide up to −200 mA of output current. Drawing a low −650 µA of quiescent current (typical) at full load makes the ADP7182 ideal for battery-powered portable equipment. Maximum shutdown current consumption is −8 µA at room temperature. Optimized for use with small 2.2 µF ceramic capacitors, the ADP7182 provides excellent transient performance. R2 −VOUT = −1.22 V (1 + RFB1/RFB2) SHUTDOWN R1 VOUT VIN Figure 75. Fixed Output Voltage Internal Block Diagram GND VREG SHORT CIRCUIT THERMAL PROTECT –1.22V REFERENCE SHUTDOWN VOUT 10703-076 VIN For example, when RFB1 = RFB2 = 120 kΩ, the output voltage is −2.44 V and the error due to the typical ADJ pin leakage current (10 nA) is 60 kΩ times 10 nA, or 6 mV. This example results in an output voltage error of 0.245%. The addition of a small capacitor (~100 pF) in parallel with RFB1 can improve the stability of the ADP7182. Larger values of capacitance also reduce the noise and improve PSRR (see the Noise Reduction of the Adjustable ADP7182 section). ADJ EN RFB2 must be less than 120 kΩ to minimize the output voltage errors due to the leakage current of the ADJ pin. The error voltage caused by the ADJ pin leakage current is the parallel combination of RFB1 and RFB2 times the ADJ pin leakage current. CIN 2.2µF Figure 76. Adjustable Output Voltage Internal Block Diagram Internally, the ADP7182 consists of a reference, an error amplifier, a feedback voltage divider, and an NMOS pass transistor. Output current is delivered via the NMOS pass transistor, which is controlled by the error amplifier. The error amplifier compares the reference voltage with the feedback voltage from the output and amplifies the difference. If the feedback voltage is more positive than the reference voltage, the gate of the NMOS transistor is pulled toward GND, allowing more current to pass and increasing the output voltage. If the feedback voltage is more negative than the reference voltage, the gate of the NMOS transistor is pulled toward −VIN, allowing less current to pass and decreasing the output voltage. COUT 2.2µF GND VIN = –3V ON OFF –2V The ESD protection devices are shown in the block diagram as Zener diodes (see Figure 75 and Figure 76). Rev. A | Page 20 of 28 VIN 2V 0V VOUT RFB2 120kΩ RFB1 120kΩ VOUT = –2.44V ADP7182 EN ADJ ON Figure 77. Setting Adjustable Output Voltage 10703-077 EN ADJUSTABLE MODE OPERATION REFERENCE 10703-075 VREG The ADP7182 uses the EN pin to enable and disable the VOUT pin under normal operating conditions. When EN is at ±2 V with respect to GND, VOUT turns on, and when EN is at 0 V, VOUT turns off. For automatic startup, EN can be connected to VIN. The ADP7182 is available in a fixed output voltage and an adjustable mode version with an output voltage that can be set to between −1.22 V and −27 V by an external voltage divider. The output voltage can be set according to GND SHORT CIRCUIT THERMAL PROTECT ENABLE PIN OPERATION Data Sheet ADP7182 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ADIsimPower DESIGN TOOL The ADP7182 is supported by the ADIsimPower™ design tool set. ADIsimPower is a collection of tools that produce complete power designs optimized for a specific design goal. The tools enable the user to generate a full schematic, bill of materials, and calculate performance in minutes. ADIsimPower can optimize designs for cost, area, efficiency, and parts count taking into consideration the operating conditions and limitations of the IC and all real external components. For more information about, and to obtain ADIsimPower design tools, visit www.analog.com/ADIsimPower. CAPACITOR SELECTION Output Capacitor temperature and applied voltage. Capacitors must have a dielectric adequate to ensure the minimum capacitance over the necessary temperature range and dc bias conditions. X5R or X7R dielectrics with a voltage rating of 25 V or 50 V are recommended. Due to their poor temperature and dc bias characteristics, Y5V and Z5U dielectrics are not recommended. Figure 79 depicts the capacitance vs. voltage bias characteristics of an 0805, 2.2 µF, 25 V, X5R capacitor. The voltage stability of a capacitor is strongly influenced by the capacitor size and voltage rating. In general, a capacitor in a larger package or higher voltage rating exhibits better stability. The temperature variation of the X5R dielectric is ~ ±15% over the −40°C to +85°C temperature range and is not a function of package or voltage rating. 2.5 2.0 CAPACITANCE (µF) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 T 5 10 15 20 25 DC BIAS (V) 30 10703-079 The ADP7182 is designed for operation with small space-saving ceramic capacitors; however, it functions with most commonly used capacitors as long as care is taken with regard to the ESR value. The ESR of the output capacitor affects the stability of the LDO control loop. A minimum of 2.2 µF capacitance with an ESR of 0.2 Ω or less is recommended to ensure the stability of the ADP7182. Transient response to changes in load current is also affected by output capacitance. Using a larger value of output capacitance improves the transient response of the ADP7182 to large changes in load current. Figure 78 shows the transient responses for an output capacitance value of 2.2 µF. Figure 79. Capacitance vs. DC Bias Characteristics Use Equation 1 to determine the worst-case capacitance accounting for capacitor variation over temperature, component tolerance, and voltage. VOUT 2 CEFF = CBIAS × (1 − TEMPCO) × (1 − TOL) 1 where: CBIAS is the effective capacitance at the operating voltage, which is −3 V for this example. TEMPCO is the worst-case capacitor temperature coefficient. TOL is the worst-case component tolerance. CH2 50mV B W M40µs A CH1 –122mA T 10.60% 10703-078 LOAD CURRENT CH1 100mA BW (1) Figure 78. Output Transient Response, COUT = 2.2 µF Input Bypass Capacitor Connecting a 2.2 µF capacitor from VIN to GND reduces the circuit sensitivity to PCB layout, especially when long input traces or high source impedance are encountered. When more than 2.2 µF of output capacitance is required, increase the input capacitance to match it. Input and Output Capacitor Properties As long as they meet the minimum capacitance and maximum ESR requirements, any good quality ceramic capacitors can be used with the ADP7182. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a variety of dielectrics, each with different behavior over In this example, the worst-case temperature coefficient (TEMPCO) over −40°C to +85°C is 15% for an X5R dielectric. The tolerance of the capacitor (TOL) is 10%, and the CBIAS is 2.08 µF at a 3 V bias, as shown in Figure 79. Substituting these values in Equation 1 yields CEFF = 2.08 μF × (1 − 0.15) × (1 − 0.1) = 1.59 µF Therefore, the capacitor chosen in this example meets the minimum capacitance requirement of the LDO over temperature and tolerance at the chosen output voltage of −3 V. To guarantee the performance of the ADP7182, it is imperative that the effects of dc bias, temperature, and tolerances on the behavior of the capacitors be evaluated for each application. Rev. A | Page 21 of 28 ADP7182 Data Sheet ENABLE PIN OPERATION T EN The ADP7182 provides a dual polarity enable pin (EN) that turns on the LDO when |VEN| ≥ 2 V. The enable voltage can be positive or negative with respect to ground. 1 0 VOUT 2 –1.0 CH1 500mV BW –1.5 CH2 500mV BW M40µs A CH1 T 10.20% 10703-082 VOUT (V) –0.5 590mV Figure 82. Typical Start-Up Behavior, Positive Going Enable VOUT WITH RISING VEN –1.5 –1.0 –0.5 1 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 ENABLE VOLTAGE (V) 10703-080 –2.0 –2.0 T VOUT WITH FALLING VEN Figure 80. Typical EN Pin Operation EN Figure 80 shows the typical hysteresis of the EN pin. This prevents on/off oscillations that can occur due to noise on the EN pin as it passes through the threshold points. VOUT 2 Figure 81 shows typical EN thresholds when the input voltage varies from −2.7 V to −28 V. CH1 500mV BW ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 0.5 CH2 500mV BW M40µs A CH1 T 10.20% 10703-083 1.0 –580mV Figure 83. Typical Start-Up Behavior, Negative Going Enable 0 ENABLE+ DISABLE+ ENABLE– DISABLE– –0.5 SOFT START The ADP7182 uses an internal soft start to limit the inrush current when the output is enabled. The start-up time for the −5 V option is approximately 450 µs from the time the EN active threshold is crossed to when the output reaches 90% of its final value. As shown in Figure 84, the start-up time is dependent on the output voltage setting. –1.0 –2.0 –30 –26 –22 –18 –14 –10 –6 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) –2 2 10703-081 –1.5 1 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 VEN VOUT = –1.22V VOUT = –3V VOUT = –5V –5 –6 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 TIME (µs) Figure 84. Typical Start-Up Behavior, Different Output Voltages Rev. A | Page 22 of 28 10703-084 Figure 82 and Figure 83 show the start-up behavior for a −5 V output with positive and negative going enable signals. OUTPUT VOLTAGES (V) Figure 81. Typical EN Pin Thresholds vs. Input Voltage Data Sheet ADP7182 NOISE REDUCTION OF THE ADJUSTABLE ADP7182 CNR is chosen by setting the reactance of CNR equal to RFB1 − RNR at a frequency between 10 Hz and 100 Hz. This capacitance sets the frequency where the ac gain of the error amplifier is 3 dB down from its dc gain. COUT 2.2µF CIN 2.2µF GND ON OFF –2V VIN 2V 0V VOUT RFB1 147kΩ RNR 13kΩ CNR 100nF VOUT = –15V ADP7182 EN ADJ ON 10703-085 VIN = –16V RFB2 13kΩ Figure 85. Noise Reduction Modification to Adjustable LDO The noise of the LDO is approximately the noise of the fixed output LDO (typically 18 µV rms) times RFB2, divided by the parallel combination of RNR and RFB1. Based on the component values shown in Figure 85, the ADP7182 has the following characteristics: • • • • • • • DC gain of 12.3 (21.8 dB) 3 dB roll-off frequency of 10.8 Hz High frequency ac gain of 1.92 (5.67 dB) Noise reduction factor of 6.41 (16.13 dB) Measured rms noise of the adjustable LDO at −200 mA without noise reduction of 220 µV rms Measured rms noise of the adjustable LDO at −200 mA with noise reduction circuit of 35 µV rms Calculated rms noise of the adjustable LDO with noise reduction (assuming 18 µV rms for fixed voltage option) of 34.5 µV rms The noise of the LDO is approximately the noise of the fixed output LDO (typically 18 µV rms) times the high frequency ac gain. The following equation shows the calculation with the values shown in Figure 85. 100k –15V ADJ –15V ADJ NR 10k 1k 100 10 1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 10703-086 The adjustable LDO circuit can be modified slightly to reduce the output voltage noise to levels close to that of the fixed output of the ADP7182. The circuit shown in Figure 85 adds two additional components to the output voltage setting resistor divider. CNR and RNR are added in parallel with RFB1 to reduce the ac gain of the error amplifier. RNR is chosen to be nearly equal to RFB2; this limits the ac gain of the error amplifier to approximately 6 dB. The actual gain is the parallel combination of RNR and RFB1 divided by RFB2. This resistance ensures that the error amplifier always operates at greater than unity gain. (2) Figure 86 shows the difference in noise spectral density for the adjustable ADP7182 set to −15 V with and without the noise reduction network. In the 100 Hz to 30 kHz frequency range, the reduction in noise is significant. NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY (nV Hz) The ultralow output noise of the fixed output ADP7182 is achieved by keeping the LDO error amplifier in unity gain and setting the reference voltage equal to the output voltage. This architecture does not work for an adjustable output voltage LDO. The adjustable output ADP7182 uses the more conventional architecture where the reference voltage is fixed and the error amplifier gain is a function of the output voltage. The disadvantage of the conventional LDO architecture is that the output voltage noise is proportional to the output voltage. 1 /13 kΩ 18 µV × 1 + 1/13 kΩ + 1/147 kΩ Figure 86. −15 V Adjustable ADP7182 with and without the Noise Reduction Network (CNR and RNR) CURRENT-LIMIT AND THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION The ADP7182 is protected against damage due to excessive power dissipation by current-limit and thermal overload protection circuits. The ADP7182 is designed to limit current when the output load reaches −350 mA (typical). When the output load exceeds −350 mA, the output voltage is reduced to maintain a constant current limit. Thermal overload protection is included, which limits the junction temperature to a maximum of 150°C (typical). Under extreme conditions (that is, high ambient temperature and power dissipation) when the junction temperature starts to rise above 150°C, the output is turned off, reducing the output current to 0 mA. When the junction temperature falls below 135°C, the output is turned on again, and the output current is restored to its nominal value. Consider the case where a hard short from VOUT to ground occurs. At first, the ADP7182 limits current so that only −350 mA is conducted into the short. If self-heating of the junction is great enough to cause its temperature to rise above 150°C, thermal shutdown is activated, turning off the output and reducing the output current to 0 mA. As the junction temperature cools and falls below 135°C, the output turns on and conducts −350 mA into the short, again causing the junction temperature to rise above 150°C. This thermal oscillation between 135°C and 150°C causes a current oscillation between −350 mA and 0 mA that continues as long as the short remains at the output. Current-limit and thermal overload protections are intended to protect the device against accidental overload conditions. For Rev. A | Page 23 of 28 ADP7182 Data Sheet THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS In most applications, the ADP7182 does not dissipate much heat due to its high efficiency. However, in applications with high ambient temperature, and high supply voltage to output voltage differential, the heat dissipated in the package is large enough that it can cause the junction temperature of the die to exceed the maximum junction temperature of 125°C. When the junction temperature exceeds 150°C, the converter enters thermal shutdown. It recovers only after the junction temperature has decreased below 135°C to prevent any permanent damage. Therefore, thermal analysis for the chosen application is important to guarantee reliable performance over all conditions. The junction temperature of the die is the sum of the ambient temperature of the environment and the temperature rise of the package due to the power dissipation, as shown in Equation 3. To guarantee reliable operation, the junction temperature of the ADP7182 must not exceed 125°C. To ensure that the junction temperature stays below this maximum value, the user must be aware of the parameters that contribute to junction temperature changes. These parameters include ambient temperature, power dissipation in the power device, and thermal resistances between the junction and ambient air (θJA). The θJA number is dependent on the package assembly compounds that are used, and the amount of copper used to solder the package GND pins to the PCB. Table 7. Typical θJA Values of the 8-Lead LFCSP Copper Size (mm2) 251 100 500 1000 6400 1 θJA (°C/W) 175 135.6 77.3 65.2 51 Device soldered to minimum size pin traces. TJ = TA + (PD × θJA) PD = [(VIN − VOUT) × ILOAD] + (VIN × IGND) 1 Power dissipation due to ground current is quite small and can be ignored. Therefore, the junction temperature equation simplifies to TJ = TA + {[(VIN − VOUT) × ILOAD] × θJA} (5) As shown in Equation 5, for a given ambient temperature, input-tooutput voltage differential, and continuous load current, there exists a minimum copper size requirement for the PCB to ensure that the junction temperature does not rise above 125°C. Figure 87 to Figure 92 show junction temperature calculations for different ambient temperatures, power dissipation, and areas of PCB copper. Heat dissipation from the package can be improved by increasing the amount of copper attached to the pins of the ADP7182. Adding thermal planes under the package also improves thermal performance. However, as listed in Table 7 and Table 8, a point of diminishing returns is reached eventually, beyond which an increase in the copper area does not yield significant reduction in the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance. 140 θJA (°C/W) 170 152 146 134 131 120 100 80 60 6400mm 2 1000mm 2 500mm 2 100mm 2 25mm 2 JEDEC TJ MAX 40 20 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (W) Figure 87. Junction Temperature vs. Total Power Dissipation for the 8-Lead LFCSP, TA = 25°C Device soldered to minimum size pin traces. Table 9. Typical ΨJB Values Model 8-lead LFCSP 5-lead TSOT (4) where: VIN and VOUT are the input and output voltages, respectively. ILOAD is the load current. IGND is the ground current. Table 8. Typical θJA Values of the 5-Lead TSOT Copper Size (mm2) 01 50 100 300 500 (3) where: TA is the ambient temperature. PD is the power dissipation in the die, given by JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) Table 7 and Table 8 show typical θJA values of the 8-lead LFCSP and 5-lead TSOT packages for various PCB copper sizes. Table 9 shows the typical ΨJB values of the 8-lead LFCSP and 5-lead TSOT. The junction temperature of the ADP7182 can be calculated by ΨJB (°C/W) 18.2 43 Rev. A | Page 24 of 28 10703-087 reliable operation, device power dissipation must be externally limited so that the junction temperatures do not exceed 125°C. ADP7182 140 120 120 100 80 60 6400mm 2 1000mm 2 500mm 2 100mm 2 25mm 2 JEDEC TJ MAX 20 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (W) 500mm 2 40 300mm 2 100mm 2 20 25mm 2 JEDEC 120 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 120 100 80 60 6400mm 2 1000mm 2 500mm 2 100mm 2 25mm 2 JEDEC TJ MAX 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (W) Figure 89. Junction Temperature vs. Total Power Dissipation for the 8-Lead LFCSP, TA = 85°C 120 100 80 60 500mm 2 300mm 2 100mm 2 20 25mm 2 JEDEC 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (W) 10703-090 TJ MAX 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 100 80 60 500mm 2 40 300mm 2 100mm 2 20 25mm 2 JEDEC TJ MAX 0 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (W) Figure 92. Junction Temperature vs. Total Power Dissipation for the 5-Lead TSOT, TA = 85°C 140 40 0.2 Figure 91. Junction Temperature vs. Total Power Dissipation for the 5-Lead TSOT, TA = 50°C 140 20 0.1 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (W) 140 40 TJ MAX 0 10703-089 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 60 0 Figure 88. Junction Temperature vs. Total Power Dissipation for the 8-Lead LFCSP, TA = 50°C JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 80 Figure 90. Junction Temperature vs. Total Power Dissipation for the 5-Lead TSOT, TA = 25°C Rev. A | Page 25 of 28 10703-092 40 100 10703-091 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 140 10703-088 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) Data Sheet ADP7182 Data Sheet Thermal Characterization Parameter, ΨJB PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS When the board temperature is known, use the thermal characterization parameter, ΨJB, to estimate the junction temperature rise (see Figure 93 and Figure 94). Maximum junction temperature (TJ) is calculated from the board temperature (TB) and power dissipation (PD) using the following formula: Place the input capacitor as close as possible to the VIN and GND pins. Place the output capacitor as close as possible to the VOUT and GND pins. Use of 1206 or 0805 size capacitors and resistors achieves the smallest possible footprint solution on boards where area is limited. TJ = TB + (PD × ΨJB) (6) The typical value of ΨJB is 18.2°C/W for the 8-lead LFCSP package and 43°C/W for the 5 lead TSOT package. 120 100 80 60 40 TB = 25°C TB = 50°C TB = 85°C TJ MAX 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (W) Figure 93. Junction Temperature vs. Total Power Dissipation for the 8-Lead LFCSP, TA = 85°C Figure 95. Example of the 8-Lead LFCSP PCB Layout 140 120 100 80 60 40 TB = 25°C TB = 50°C TB = 85°C TJ MAX 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (W) 6 7 10703-094 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 10703-095 20 10703-093 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 140 10703-096 Figure 94. Junction Temperature vs. Total Power Dissipation for the 5-Lead TSOT, TA = 85°C Figure 96. Example of the 5-Lead TSOT PCB Layout Rev. A | Page 26 of 28 Data Sheet ADP7182 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 2.48 2.38 2.23 8 5 EXPOSED PAD INDEX AREA 0.50 0.40 0.30 SEATING PLANE 4 TOP VIEW 1 BOTTOM VIEW 0.80 MAX 0.55 NOM 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.30 0.25 0.18 0.50 BSC 1.74 1.64 1.49 0.05 MAX 0.02 NOM COPLANARITY 0.08 0.20 REF 0.20 MIN PIN 1 INDICATOR (R 0.2) FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET. COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-229-WEED-4 02-05-2013-B 3.10 3.00 SQ 2.90 Figure 97. 8-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WD] 3 mm × 3 mm Body, Very Very Thin, Dual Lead (CP-8-5) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model 1 ADP7182ACPZ-R7 ADP7182ACPZ-5.0-R7 ADP7182CP-EVALZ 1 2 Temperature Range −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C Output Voltage (V) 2 Adjustable −5 Package Description 8-Lead LFCSP_WD 8-Lead LFCSP_WD Evaluation Board Z = RoHS Compliant Part. For additional voltage options, contact a local Analog Devices, Inc., sales or distribution representative. Rev. A | Page 27 of 28 Package Option CP-8-5 CP-8-5 Branding LN6 LN9 ADP7182 Data Sheet NOTES ©2013 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D10703-0-5/13(A) Rev. A | Page 28 of 28