HDLx-2416 Series Four Character 5.0 mm (0.2 inch) Smart 5x7 Alphanumeric Displays Data Sheet Description Features These are 5.0 mm (0.2 inch) four character 5 x 7 dot matrix displays driven by an on-board CMOS IC. These displays are pin for pin compatible with the HPDL-2416. The IC stores and decodes 7 bit ASCII data and displays it using a 5 x 7 font. Multiplexing circuitry, and drivers are also part of the IC. The IC has fast setup and hold times which makes it easy to interface to a microprocessor. • Enhanced drop-in replacement to HPDL-2416 • Smart alphanumeric display Built-in RAM, ASCII decoder, and LED drive circuitry • CMOS IC for low power consumption • Software controlled dimming levels and blank • 128 ASCII character set •End-stackable • Categorized for luminous intensity; Yellow and Green categorized for color • Low power and sunlight viewable AlGaAs versions • Wide operating temperature range -40°C to +85°C • Excellent ESD protection • Wide viewing angle (50° typ.) Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage, VDD to Ground[1] -0.5 V to 7.0 V Input Voltage, Any Pin to Ground -0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V Free Air Operating Temperature Range, TA -40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature, TS -40°C to 100°C CMOS IC Junction Temperature, TJ (IC) +150°C Relative Humidity (non-condensing) at 65°C 85% Soldering Temperature [1.59 mm (0.063 in.) Below Body] Solder Dipping Wave Soldering 260°C for 5 secs 250°C for 3 secs ESD Protection, R = 1.5 kΩ, C = 100 pF VZ = 2 kV (each pin) Note: 1. Maximum Voltage is with no LEDs illuminated. Devices: AlGaAs Red High Efficiency Red Orange HDLS-2416 HDLO-2416 HDLA-2416HDLY-2416 HDLG-2416 Yellow Green HDLU-2416 HDLO-2416-DE000HDLG-2416-FG000 ESD WARNING: Standard CMOS handling precautions should be observed with the HDLX-2416. The address and data inputs can be directly connected to the microprocessor address and data buses. The HDLX-2416 has several enhancements over the HPDL2416. These features include an expanded character set, internal 8 level dimming control, external dimming capability, and individual digit blanking. Finally, the extended functions can be disabled which allows the HDLX-2416 to operate exactly like an HPDL-2416 by disabling all of the enhancements except the expanded character set. The difference between the sunlight viewable HDLS2416 and the low power HDLU-2416 occurs at power-on or at the default brightness level. Following power up, the HDLS-2416 operates at the 100% brightness level, while the HDLU-2416 operates at the 27% brightness level. Power on sets the internal brightness control (bits 3-5) in the control register to binary code (000). For the HDLS-2416 binary code (000) corresponds to a 100% brightness level, and for the HDLU-2416 binary code (000) corresponds to a 27% brightness level. The other seven brightness levels are identical for both parts. Package Dimensions 25.15 (0.990) 3.05 (0.120) 0.38 REF. (0.015) 0.25 0.13 TYP. (0.010 0.005) 6.35 TYP. (0.250) 10.03 (0.395) PIN 1 IDENTIFIER 15.24 (0.600) 10.16 REF. (0.400) 5.08 (0.200) 20.07 (0.790) IMAGE PLANE 1.52 REF. (0.060) 3.43 (0.135) PART NUMBER 2.41 TYP. (0.095) DATE CODE (YEAR, WEEK) LUMINOUS INTENSITY 6.60 (0.260) HDLX-2416 YYWW COLOR BIN (3) X Z 4.06 (0.160) REF. 1. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, THE TOLERANCE ON ALL DIMENSIONS IS 0.254 mm ( 0.010). 0.51 0.13 TYP. (0.020 0.005) 2.41 (0.095) 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES). 2.54 TYP. (0.100) Pin Numbering and Location CE1 CE2 CLR CUE CU WR A1 A0 VDD NOTES: BL D4 D5 D6 D3 D2 D1 D0 GND 3. FOR YELLOW AND GREEN DISPLAYS ONLY. Pin No. Function Pin No. Function 1CE1 Chip Enable 10 GND 2CE2 Chip Enable 11 D0 Data Input 3 CLR Cle ar 12 D1 Data Input 4 CUE Cursor Enable 13 D2 Data Input 5 CU Cursor Select 14 D3 Data Input 6 WR Write 15 D6 Data Input 7A1 Address Input 16 D5 Data Input 8A0 Address Input 17 D4 Data Input 9VDD 18 BL Display Blank Character Set D0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 D1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 D3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 D4 HEX 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F ASCII CODE D6 D5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 4 1 0 1 5 1 1 0 6 1 1 1 7 NOTES: 1 = HIGH LEVEL 0 = LOW LEVEL 3 Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Min. Typ.Max. Unit Supply Voltage VDD 4.55.0 5.5V Electrical Characteristics over Operating Temperature Range 4.5 < VDD < 5.5 V (unless otherwise specified) All Devices 25°C [1] Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. IDD BlankIDD (blnk) Max. 1.0 Max. Units Test Conditions 4.0 mA All Digits Blanked Input Current I I -40 10 µAVIN = 0 V to VDD VDD = 5.0 V Input Voltage High VIH 2.0 VDDV Input Voltage Low VIL 0.8 V GND HDLO/HDLA/HDLY/HDLG-2416 25°C [1] Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Max. Units Test Conditions IDD 4 digits IDD(#) 110 135 160 mA “#” ON in All Four Locations 20 Dots/Character[2, 3] IDD Cursor All IDD (CU) 92 110 135 mA Dots ON @ 50% Cursor ON in All Four Locations HDLS/HDLU-2416 25°C[1] Part Number Parameter HDLS-2416IDD 4 digits HDLU-2416 Typ. Max. Max. Units Test Conditions IDD(#) 125 146 180 mA Four “#” ON in All Four Locations 20 dots/character[2,3] HDLS-2416IDD Cursor all dots HDLU-2416 Symbol IDD(CU) ON @ 50% 34 42 52 105 154 124 mA 2936 45 Four Cursors ON in All Four Locations Notes: 1. VDD = 5.0 V. 2. Average IDD measured at full brightness. Peak IDD = 28/15 x Average IDD(#). 3. IDD(#) max. = 135 mA for HDLO/HDLA/HDLY/HDLG-2416, 146 mA for HDLS-2416, and 42 mA for HDLU-2416 at default brightness, 150°C IC junction temperature and VDD = 5.5 V. 4 Optical Characteristics at 25°C [1] VDD = 5.0 V at Full Brightness HDLS/HDLU-2416 Part Number Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Units Test Conditions HDLS-2416 Average Luminous Intensity per IV 4.0 12.7 mcd ‘’*’’ Illuminated in All Four HDLU-2416 Digit, Character Average All Peak Wavelength lPEAK 645nm Dominant Wavelength[2] ld 637nm Digits, 19 Dots ON per Digit 1.23.1 mcd HDLO-2416 Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Units Average Luminous Intensity per IV 1.2 3.5 mcd Digit, Character Average Peak Wavelength lPEAK 635nm Dominant Wavelength[2] ld 626nm Symbol Typ. Test Conditions ‘’*’’ Illuminated in All Four Digits. 19 Dots ON HDLA-2416 Parameter Min. Units Average Luminous Intensity per IV 1.2 3.5 mcd Digit, Character Average Peak Wavelength lPEAK 600nm Dominant Wavelength[2] ld 602nm Symbol Typ. Test Conditions ‘’*’’ Illuminated in All Four Digits. 19 Dots ON HDLY-2416 Parameter Min. Units Average Luminous Intensity per IV 1.2 3.7 mcd Digit, Character Average Peak Wavelength lPEAK 583nm Dominant Wavelength[2] ld 585nm Symbol Typ. Test Conditions ‘’*’’ Illuminated in All Four Digits. 19 Dots ON HDLG-2416 Parameter Min. Units Average Luminous Intensity per IV 1.2 5.6 mcd Digit, Character Average Peak Wavelength lPEAK 568nm Dominant Wavelength[2] ld 574nm Test Conditions ‘’*’’ Illuminated in All Four Digits. 19 Dots ON Notes: 1. Refers to the initial case temperature of the device immediately prior to the light measurement. 2. Dominant wavelength, ld, is derived from the CIE chromaticity diagram, and represents the single wavelength which defines the color of the device. 5 AC Timing Characteristics over Operating Temperature Range at VDD = 4.5 V Parameter Symbol MinUnits Address Setup tAS Address Hold tAH 40ns Data Setup tDS 50ns Data Hold tDH 40ns Chip Enable Setup tCES 0ns Chip Enable Hold tCEH 0ns Write Time tW CleartCLR Clear Disable 10ns 75ns 10µs tCLRD1µs Timing Diagram Enlarged Character Font CE1 2.0 V CE2 0.8 V tCES tCEH 0.80 (0.031) TYP. 3.43 (0.135) 2.0 V A0 – A1, CU 0.8 V tAS tAH 5.08 (0.200) 2.0 V WR 0.8 V tW 2.0 V D 0 – D6 0.8 V tDS tCLR CLR 6 tCLRD 2.0 V 0.8 V tDH 0.25 (0.010) TYP. 0.80 (0.031) TYP. Notes: 1. Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance on all dimensions is ± 0.254 mm (0.010 inch). 2. Dimensions are in mm (inches). Electrical Description Pin Function Description Chip Enable (CE1 and CE1 and CE2 must be a logic 0 to write to the display. CE2, pins 1 and 2) Clear (CLR, pin 3) When CLR is a logic 0 the ASCII RAM is reset to 20hex (space) and the Control Register/Attribute RAM is reset to 00hex. Cursor Enable CUE determines whether the IC displays the ASCII or (CUE pin 4) the Cursor memory. (1 = Cursor, 0 = ASCII). Cursor Select CU determines whether data is stored in the ASCII RAM (CU, pin 5) or the Attribute RAM/Control Register. (1 = ASCII, 0 = Attribute RAM/Control Register). Write (WR, pin 6) WR must be a logic 0 to store data in the display. Address Inputs A0-A1 selects a specific location in the display memory. (A1 and A0, Address 00 accesses the far right display location. Pins 8 and 7) Address 11 accesses the far left location. Data Inputs D0-D6 are used to specify the input data for the (D0-D6, Pins 11-17) display. VDD (pin 9) VDD is the positive power supply input. GND (pin 10) GND is the display ground. Blanking Input BL is used to flash the display, blank the (BL, pin 18) display or to dim the display. Display Internal Block Diagram Figure 1 shows the HDLX-2416 display internal block diagram. The CMOS IC consists of a 4 x 7 Character RAM, a 2 x 4 Attribute RAM, a 5 bit Control Register, a 128 character ASCII decoder and the refresh circuitry necessary to synchronize the decoding and driving of four 5 x 7 dot matrix displays. Four 7 bit ASCII words are stored in the Character RAM. The IC reads the ASCII data and decodes it via the 128 character ASCII decoder. The ASCII decoder includes the 64 character set of the HPDL-2416, 32 lower case ASCII symbols, and 32 foreign language symbols. A 5 bit word is stored in the Control Register. Three fields within the Control Register provide an 8 level brightness control, master blank, and extended functions disable. 7 For each display digit location, two bits are stored in the Attribute RAM. One bit is used to enable a cursor character at each digit location. A second bit is used to individually disable the blanking features at each digit location. The display is blanked and dimmed through an internal blanking input on the row drivers. Logic within the IC allows the user to dim the display either through the BL input or through the brightness control in the control register. Similarly the display can be blanked through the BL input, the Master Blank in the Control Register, or the Digit Blank Disable in the Attribute RAM. CHARACTER RAM A0 – A1 CE1 D0 – D6 2 WRITE ADDRESS 7 DATA IN CE2 CHARACTER/CURSOR MULTIPLEXER ASCII DECODER DATA OUT 7 CHARACTER SELECT 5 COLUMN DATA 0 CHARACTER/ CURSOR MULTIPLEXER WRITE WR (4 x 7) CU 2 READ ADDRESS 3 ROW SELECT CURSOR CHARACTER CLR 5 1 SELECT CLR ATTRIBUTE RAM D0 DIGIT CURSOR D1 DIGIT BLANK DISABLE A0 – A1 CUE DCn WRITE ADDRESS (2 x 4) WRITE 2 READ ADDRESS CLR CLR CONTROL REGISTER ROW DRIVERS MB EFD MASTER BLANK D2 COLUMN DRIVERS BL ROW SELECT DBDn D3 – D5 3 D6 CE1 CE2 BRIGHTNESS LEVELS BLANK EFD EFD EXTENDED FUNCTIONS DISPLAY 1x5 3 WRITE WR CU CLR CLR 3 DIGITAL DUTY CONTROL 4 (LSBs) OSC + 32 2 (MSBs) Figure 1. Internal block diagram. 8 +7 DISPLAY Display Clear Cursor Data stored in the Character RAM, Control Register, and Attribute RAM will be cleared if the clear (CLR) is held low for a minimum of 10 µs. Note that the display will be cleared regardless of the state of the chip enables (CE1, CE2). After the display is cleared, the ASCII code for a space (20hex) is loaded into all character RAM locations and 00hex is loaded into all Attribute RAM/Control Register memory locations. When cursor enable (CUE) is a logic 1, a cursor will be displayed in all digit locations where a logic 1 has been stored in the Digit Cursor memory in the Attribute RAM. The cursor consists of all 35 dots ON at half brightness. A flashing cursor can be displayed by pulsing CUE. When CUE is a logic 0, the ASCII data stored in the Character RAM will be displayed regardless of the Digit Cursor bits. Data Entry Figure 2 shows a truth table for the HDLX-2416 display. Setting the chip enables (CE1, CE2) to logic 0 and the cursor select (CU) to logic 1 will enable ASCII data loading. When cursor select (CU) is set to logic 0, data will be loaded into the Control Register and Attribute RAM. Address inputs A0-A1 are used to select the digit location in the display. Data inputs D0-D6 are used to load information into the display. Data will be latched into the display on the rising edge of the WR signal. D0-D6, A0-A1, CE1, CE2, and CU must be held stable during the write cycle to ensure that correct data is stored into the display. Data can be loaded into the display in any order. Note that when A0 and A1 are logic 0, data is stored in the right most display location. CUE BL CLR Blanking Blanking of the display is controlled through the BL input, the Control Register and Attribute RAM. The user can achieve a variety of functions by using these controls in different combinations, such as full hardware display blank, software blank, blanking of individual characters, and synchronized flashing of individual characters or entire display (by strobing the blank input). All of these blanking modes affect only the output drivers, maintaining the contents and write capability of the internal RAMs and Control Register, so that normal loading of RAMs and Control Register can take place even with the display blanked. CE1CE2 WRCU A1A0D6D5D4D3D2D1D0 Function 0 11 Display ASCII 1 11 Display Stored Cursor XX XXXX X XXX X X X X X0 Reset RAMs Blank Display but do not reset X 01 RAMS and Control Register Extended IntensityMaster Digit DigitWrite to Attribute RAM 0 0 0 Functions Control Blank Blank Cursor and Control Register Disable Disable 0 0 0 = 000 = 100%* 0 = Digit Digit DBDn = 0, Allows Digit n to be 0 0 1 Enable 001 = 60% Display Blank Cursor blanked D1-D5 010 = 40% ON Disable 1 1 011 = 27% DBDn = 1 Prevents Digit n from X X 1 0 0 0 1 = 100 = 17% 1 = Digit Digit being blanked. 0 1 0 Disable 101 = 10% Display Blank Cursor D1-D5 110 = 7% Blanked Disable 2 2 DCn = 0 Removes cursor from 111 = 3% Digit n D0 Digiit Digit 0 1 1Always Blank CursorDCn = 1 Stores cursor at Digit n Enabled Disable 3 3 1 0 0Digit 0 ASCII Data (Right Most Character) 1 0 1 Digit 1 ASCII Data X X 1 0 0 0 Write to Character RAM 1 1 0 Digit 2 ASCII Data 1 1 1Digit 3 ASCII Data (Left Most Character) 1X X X X1 XXXX X 1 X XX 1 0 = Logic 0; 1 = Logic 1; X = Do Not Care; * 000 = 27% for HDLU-2416 Figure 2. Display truth table. 9 XXX X X X No Change Figure 3 shows how the Extended Function Disable (bit D6 of the Control Register), Master Blank (bit D2 of the Control Register), Digit Blank Disable (bit D1 of the Attribute RAM), and BL input can be used to blank the display. When the Extended Function Disable is a logic 1, the display can be blanked only with the BL input. When the Extended Function Disable is a logic 0, the display can be blanked through the BL input, the Master Blank, and the Digit Blank Disable. The entire display will be blanked if either the BL input is logic 0 or the Master Blank is logic 1, providing all Digit Blank Disable bits are logic 0. Those digits with Digit Blank Disable bits a logic 1 will ignore both blank signals and remain ON. The Digit Blank Disable bits allow individual characters to be blanked or flashed in synchronization with the BL input. EFD 0 MB 0 Dimming Dimming of the display is controlled through either the BL input or the Control Register. A pulse width modulated signal can be applied to the BL input to dim the display. A three bit word in the Control Register generates an internal pulse width modulated signal to dim the display. The internal dimming feature is enabled only if the Extended Function Disable is a logic 0. Bits 3-5 in the Control Register provide internal brightness control. These bits are interpreted as a three bit binary code, with code (000) corresponding to the maximum brightness and code (111) to the minimum brightness. In addition to varying the display brightness, bits 3-5 also vary the average value of IDD. IDD can be specified at any brightness level as shown in Table 1. DBDnBL 0 0 Display Blanked by BL 00X1 Display ON 0 X 1 0 0 1 0 X Display Blanked by BL. Individual characters “ON” based on “1” being stored in DBDn Display Blanked by MB 0111 Display Blanked by MB. Individual characters “ON” based on “1” being stored in DBDn 1 X X 0 Display Blanked by BL 1 X X 1 Display ON Figure 3. Display blanking truth table. Table 1. Current Requirements at Different Brightness Levels SymbolD5D4D3 Brightness 25°C Typ. 25°C Max. Max. over Temp. Units IDD(#) 0 00 100% 110 130 160 mA 0 01 60% 66 79 98 mA 0 10 40% 45 53 66 mA 0 11 27% 30 37 46 mA 1 00 17% 20 24 31 mA 1 01 10% 12 15 20 mA 1 10 7% 9 11 15 mA 1 11 3% 4 6 9 mA 10 + VDD 1k 4 8 3 7 1k 1N914 555 BL (PIN 18) 10 kHz OUTPUT 6 250 k LOG 2 1 400 pF Figure 4. Intensity modulation control using an astable multivibrator (reprinted with permission from Electronics magazine, Sept. 19, 1974, VNU Business pub. Inc.) Figure 4 shows a circuit designed to dim the display from 98% to 2% by pulse width modulating the BL input. A logarithmic or a linear potentiometer may be used to adjust the display intensity. However, a logarithmic potentiometer matches the response of the human eye and therefore provides better resolution at low intensities. The circuit frequency should be designed to operate at 10 kHz or higher. Lower frequencies may cause the display to flicker. Extended Function Disable Extended Function Disable (bit D6 of the Control Register) disables the extended blanking and dimming functions in the HDLX-2416. If the Extended Function Disable is a logic 1, the internal brightness control, Master Blank, and Digit Blank Disable bits are ignored. However the BL input and Cursor control are still active. This allows downward compatibility to the HPDL-2416. Mechanical and Electrical Considerations The HDLX-2416 is an 18 pin DIP package that can be stacked horizontally and vertically to create arrays of any size. The HDLX-2416 is designed to operate continuously from -40°C to +85°C for all possible input conditions. The HDLX-2416 is assembled by die attaching and wire bonding 140 LEDs and a CMOS IC to a high temperature printed circuit board. A polycarbonate lens is placed over the PC board creating an air gap environment for the LED wire bonds. Backfill epoxy environmentally seals the display package. This package construction makes the display highly tolerant to temperature cycling and allows wave soldering. The inputs to the CMOS IC are protected against static discharge and input current latchup. However, for best results standard CMOS handling precautions should be used. Prior to use, the HDLX-2416 should be stored in anti-static tubes or conductive material. During assembly a grounded conductive work area should be used, and assembly personnel should wear conductive wrist straps. Lab coats made of synthetic material should be avoided since they are prone to static charge build-up. Input current latchup is caused when the CMOS inputs are subjected either to a voltage below ground (Vin < ground) or to a voltage higher than VDD (Vin > VDD) and when a high current is forced into the input. To prevent input current latchup and ESD damage, unused inputs should be connected either to ground or to VDD. Voltages should not be applied to the inputs until VDD has been applied to the display. Transient input voltages should be eliminated. Soldering and Post Solder Cleaning Instructions for the HDLX-2416 The HDLX-2416 may be hand soldered or wave soldered with SN63 solder. When hand soldering it is recommended that an electronically temperature controlled and securely grounded soldering iron be used. For best results, the iron tip temperature should be set at 315°C (600°F). For wave soldering, a rosin-based RMA flux can be used. The solder wave temperature should be set at 245°C ±5°C (473°F ±9°F), and dwell in the wave should be set between 1 1/2 to 3 seconds for optimum soldering. The preheat temperature should not exceed 110°C (230°F) as measured on the solder side of the PC board. For further information on soldering and post solder cleaning, see Application Note 1027, Soldering LED Components. Contrast Enhancement The objective of contrast enhancement is to provide good readability in the end user’s ambient lighting conditions. The concept is to employ both luminance and chrominance contrast techniques. These enhance readability by having the OFF-dots blend into the display background and the ON-dots vividly stand out against the same background. For additional information on contrast enhancement, see Application Note 1015. Intensity Bin Limits for HDLS-2416 Intensity Bin Limits for HDLX-2416 Color Bin Limits Intensity Range (mcd) BinMin. Max. Intensity Range (mcd) BinMin. Max. Color Range (nm) Color BinMin. Max. E 3.976.79 A 1.201.77 Yellow 3 581.5585.0 F 5.559.50 B 1.252.47 4 584.0587.5 G 7.7813.30 C 2.023.46 5 586.5590.0 H 10.8818.62 D2.834.85 6 589.0592.5 I 15.2426.07 E 3.976.79 Green 1 576.0580.0 J 21.3336.49 F 5.559.50 2 573.0577.0 G 7.7813.30 3 570.0574.0 4 567.0571.5 Note: Test conditions as specified in Optical Characteristic table. Note: Test conditions as specified in Optical Characteristic table. For product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our website: www.avagotech.com Avago, Avago Technologies, and the A logo are trademarks of Avago Technologies in the United States and other countries. Data subject to change. Copyright © 2005-2013 Avago Technologies. All rights reserved. Obsoletes 5989-3190EN AV02-0662EN - February 26, 2013 Note: Test conditions as specified in Optical Characteristic table.