NSC LP3972

LP3972
Power Management Unit for Advanced Application
Processors
General Description
Features
The LP3972 is a multi-function, programmable Power Management Unit, designed especially for advanced application
processors. The LP3972 is optimized for low power handheld applications and provides 6 low dropout, low noise
linear regulators, three DC/DC magnetic buck regulators, a
back-up battery charger and two GPIO’s. A high speed serial
interface is included to program individual regulator output
voltages as well as on/off control.
n Compatible with advanced applications processors
requiring DVM (Dynamic Voltage Management)
n Three buck regulators for powering high current
processor functions or I/O’s
n 6 LDO’s for powering RTC, peripherals, and I/O’s
n Backup battery charger with automatic switch for
lithium-manganese coin cell batteries and Super
capacitors
n I2C compatible high speed serial interface
n Software control of regulator functions and settings
n Precision internal reference
n Thermal overload protection
n Current overload protection
n Tiny 40-pin 5x5 mm LLP package
Key Specifications
Buck Regulators
n Programmable VOUT from 0.725 to 3.3V
n Up to 95% efficiency
n Up to 1.6A output current
n ± 3% output voltage accuracy
LDO’s
n Programmable VOUT of 1.0V–3.3V
n ± 3% output voltage accuracy
n 150/300/400 mA output currents
— LDO RTC 30 mA
— LDO 1 300 mA
— LDO 2 150 mA
— LDO 3 150 mA
— LDO 4 150 mA
— LDO 5 400 mA
n 100 mV (typ) dropout
© 2006 National Semiconductor Corporation
Applications
n
n
n
n
n
DS202076
PDA phones
Smart phones
Personal Media Players
Digital cameras
Application processors
— Intel Xscale
— Freescale
— Samsung
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LP3972 Power Management Unit for Advanced Application Processors
September 2006
LP3972
Simplified Application Circuit
20207601
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2
LP3972
Simplified Application Circuit
(Continued)
20207628
• The I2C lines are pulled up via a I/O source
• VINLDO4, 5 can either be powered from main battery source, or by a buck regulator or VIN.
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LP3972
Connection Diagrams and Package Mark Information
40-Pin Leadless Leadframe Package
NS Package Number SQF40A
20207602
Note: Circle marks pin 1 position.
Package Mark
20207604
Top View
Note: The actual physical placement of the package marking will vary from part to part.
(*) UZTTYY format: ’U’ — wafer fab code; ’Z’ — assembly code; ’XY’ 2 digit date code; ’TT’ — die run code.
See http://www.national.com/quality/marking_convertion.html for more information on marking information.
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4
Voltage Option
Order Number
Package Type
NSC Package
Drawing
Package Marking
Supplied As
Voltage A514
Voltage A514
LP3972SQ-A514
40 lead LLP
SQF040A
72-A514
1000 tape & reel
LP3972SQX-A514
40 lead LLP
SQF040A
72-A514
4500 tape & reel
Voltage A413
LP3972SQ-A413
40 lead LLP
SQF040A
72-A413
1000 tape & reel
Voltage A413
LP3972SQX-A413
40 lead LLP
SQF040A
72-A413
4500 tape & reel
Voltage E514
LP3972SQ-E514
40 lead LLP
SQF040A
72-E514
1000 tape & reel
Voltage E514
LP3972SQX-E514
40 lead LLP
SQF040A
72-E514
4500 tape & reel
Voltage I514
LP3972SQ-I514
40 lead LLP
SQF040A
72-I514
1000 tape & reel
Voltage I514
LP3972SQX-I514
40 lead LLP
SQF040A
72-I514
4500 tape & reel
20207605
Default VOUT Coding
Z
Default VOUT
0
1.3
1
1.8
2
2.5
3
2.8
4
3.0
5
3.3
6
1.0
7
1.4
8
1.2
9
1.25
5
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LP3972
Ordering Information
LP3972
Pin Descriptions
Pin #
Name
I/O
Type
Description
1
PWR_ON
I
D
CPU Wakeup input, this can be a push button event to indicate the
device has been turned on. Phone / PDA main power button. Signal
is debounced internally on the PMIC.
If the POWER_ON is held low this will indicate to the PMIC to turn
off. Active high Polarity
2
nTEST_JIG
I
D
This is a input signal used for a turn on event coming from the bed
of nails tester during production. Active low polarity.
3
SPARE
I
D
CPU Wakeup input to indicate that a HW external event has
occurred, i.e. flipping the cell phone to power up the display.
4
EXT_WAKEUP
O
D
This signal is asserted when DC POWER source has been
asserted, or when the PWR_ON button is held down to turn off the
PMIC. Wake up on power detection, and power down detection.
5
FB1
I
A
6
VIN
I
PWR
Battery Input (Internal circuitry and LDO1-3 power input)
Buck1 input feedback terminal
7
VOUT LDO1
O
PWR
LDO1 output
8
VOUT LDO2
O
PWR
LDO2 output
9
nRSTI
I
D
Active low Reset pin. Signal used to reset the IC (by default is
pulled high internally). Typically a push button reset.
10
GND1
G
G
Ground
11
VREF
O
A
12
VOUT LDO3
O
PWR
LDO3 output
Bypass Cap. for the high internal impedance reference.
13
VOUT LDO4
O
PWR
LDO4 output
14
VIN LDO4
I
PWR
Power input to LDO4, this can be connected to either from a 1.8V
supply to main Battery supply.
15
VIN BUBATT
I
PWR
Back Up Battery input supply.
16
VOUT
LDO_RTC
O
PWR
LDO_RTC output supply to the RTC of the application processor.
17
nBATT_FLT
O
D
Main Battery fault output, indicates the main battery is low
(discharged) or the dc source has been removed from the system.
This gives the processor an indicator that the power will shut down.
During this time the processor will operate from the back up coin
cell.
18
PGND2
G
G
19
SW2
O
PWR
Buck2 switcher output
Buck2 NMOS Power Ground
20
VIN Buck2
I
PWR
Battery input power to Buck2
21
SDA
I/O
D
I2C Data (Bidirectional)
22
SCL
I
D
I2C Clock
23
FB2
I
A
Buck2 input feedback terminal
24
nRSTO
O
D
25
VOUT LDO5
O
PWR
LDO5 output
26
VIN LDO5
I
PWR
Power input to LDO5, this can be connected to VIN or to a separate
1.8V supply.
27
VDDA
I
PWR
Analog Power for VREF, BIAS
28
FB3
I
A
Buck3 Feedback
29
GPIO1 /
nCHG_EN
I/O
D
General Purpose I/O / Ext. backup battery charger enable pin. This
pin enables the main battery / DC source power to charge the
backup battery. This pin toggled via the application processor. By
grounding this pin the DC source continuously charges the backup
battery
30
GPIO2
I/O
D
General Purpose I/O
31
VIN Buck3
I
PWR
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Reset output from the PMIC to the processor
Battery input power to Buck3
6
LP3972
Pin Descriptions
(Continued)
Pin #
Name
I/O
Type
32
SW3
O
PWR
Description
Buck3 switcher output
33
PGND3
G
G
Buck3 NMOS Power Ground
34
BGND1,2,3
G
G
Bucks 1, 2 and 3 analog Ground
35
SYNC
I
D
Frequency Synchronization: Connection to an external clock signal
PLL to synchronize the PMIC internal oscillator.
36
SYS_EN
I
D
Input Digital enable pin for the high voltage power domain supplies.
Output from the Monahans processor.
37
PWR_EN
I
D
Digital enable pin for the Low Voltage domain supplies. Output
signal from the Monahans processor
38
PGND1
G
G
39
SW1
O
PWR
Buck1 Switcher output
40
VIN Buck1
I
PWR
Battery input power to Buck1
Buck1 NMOS Power Ground
A: Analog Pin D: Digital Pin G: Ground Pin P: Power Pin I: Input Pin I/O: Input/Output Pin O: Output Pin
Note: In this document active low logic items are prefixed with a lowercase “n”
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LP3972
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
ESD Rating (Note 5)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
All Inputs
−0.3V to +6.5V
GND to GND SLUG
± 0.3V
Junction Temperature (TJ-MAX)
150˚C
Storage Temperature
Human Body Model
2 kV
Machine Model
200V
Operating Ratings
VIN LDO 4,5
2.7V to 5.5V
VEN
−65˚C to +150˚C
1.74 to (VIN
Junction Temperature (TJ)
Power Dissipation
(TA = 70˚C) (Note 3)
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal
Resistance θJA (Note 3)
Maximum Lead Temp (Soldering)
−40˚C to +125˚C
3.2W
Operating Temperature (TA)
−40˚C to +85˚C
25˚C/W
Maximum Power Dissipation
(TA = 70˚C) (Notes 3, 4)
2.2W
260˚C
General Electrical Characteristics Typical values and limits appearing in normal type apply for
TJ = 25˚C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, −40˚C to +125˚C.
(Notes 2, 6)
Min
Typ
Max
Units
VIN, VDDA, VIN Buck1, 2 and 3
Symbol
Battery Voltage
Parameter
Conditions
2.7
3.6
5.5
V
VINLDO4, VINLDO5
Power Supply for LDO 4 and 5
1.74
3.6
5.5
V
TSD
Thermal Shutdown (Note 14)
Temperature
160
Hysteresis
20
**No input supply should be higher then VDDA
Supply Specifications (Notes 2, 5)
IMAX
Supply
LDO_RTC
VOUT (Volts)
Maximum Current
Range
Resolution
(V)
(mV)
2.8V
N/A
30 mA dc source 10 mA backup
source
Current (mA)
LDO1 (VCC_MVT)
1.7 to 2.0
25
300
LDO2
1.8 to 3.3
100
150
LDO3
1.8 to 3.3
100
150
LDO4
1.0 to 3.3
50-600
150
LDO5 (VCC_SRAM)
0.850 to 1.5
25
400
BUCK 1 (VCC_APPS)
0.725 to 1.5
25
1600
BUCK 2
0.8 to 3.3
50-600
1600
BUCK 3
0.8 to 3.3
50-600
1600
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8
˚C
Default Voltage Option (Notes 2, 5)
Version
Enable
LDO_RTC
LP3972SQ-A514
LP3972SQ-A413
Version A
Version A
—
2.8
—
LDO1
SYS_EN
1.8
SYS_EN
2.8
1.8
LDO2
SYS_EN
1.8D
SYS_EN
1.8D
LDO3
SYS_EN
3D
SYS_EN
3D
LDO4
SYS_EN
3D
SYS_EN
2.8D
LDO5
PWR_EN
1.4
PWR_EN
1.4
BUCK1
PWR_EN
1.4
PWR_EN
1.4
BUCK2
SYS_EN
3.3
SYS_EN
3
BUCK3
SYS_EN
1.8
SYS_EN
1.8
Version
Enable
LDO_RTC
LP3972SQ-E514
LP3972SQ-I514
Version E
Version I
—
2.8
—
2.8
LDO1
SYS_EN
1.8
SYS_EN
1.8
LDO2
SYS_EN
1.8E
SYS_EN
1.8E
LDO3
SYS_EN
3D
SYS_EN
3E
LDO4
SYS_EN
3D
SYS_EN
3E
LDO5
PWR_EN
1.4
PWR_EN
1.4
BUCK1
PWR_EN
1.4
PWR_EN
1.4
BUCK2
SYS_EN
3.3
SYS_EN
3.3
BUCK3
SYS_EN
1.8
SYS_EN
1.8
Note : E = Regulator is ENABLED during startup
D = Regulator is DISABLED during startup
9
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LP3972
General Electrical Characteristics Typical values and limits appearing in normal type apply for
TJ = 25˚C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, −40˚C to +125˚C.
(Notes 2, 6) (Continued)
LP3972
LDO RTC
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6V, CIN = 1.0 µF, COUT = 0.47 µF, COUT (VRTC) = 1.0 µF ceramic. Typical values and limits
appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25˚C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the entire junction temperature
range for operation, −40˚C to +125˚C. (Notes 2, 6, 7) and (Note 10)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
2.632
2.8
2.968
V
VIN = (VOUT nom + 1.0V) to 5.5V
(Note 11) Load Current = 1 mA
0.15
%/V
From Main Battery
Load Current = 1 mA to 30 mA
0.05
From Backup Battery
VIN = 3.0V
Load Current = 1 mA to 10 mA
0.5
VOUT
Accuracy
Output Voltage Accuracy
VIN Connected, Load Current =
1 mA
∆VOUT
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
ISC
VIN VOUT
Short Circuit Current Limit
From Main Battery
VIN = VOUT +0.3V to 5.5V
100
From Backup Battery
30
Dropout Voltage
Load Current = 10 mA
%/mA
mA
375
mV
IQ_Max
Maximum Quiescent Current
IOUT = 0 mA
30
µA
TP1
RTC LDO Input Switched from
Main Battery to Backup Battery
VIN Falling
2.9
V
TP2
RTC LDO Input Switched from
Backup Battery to Main Battery
VIN Rising
3.0
V
CO
Output Capacitor
Capacitance for Stability
ESR
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0.7
5
10
1.0
µF
500
mΩ
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6V, CIN = 1.0 µF, COUT = 0.47 µF, COUT (VRTC) = 1.0 µF ceramic. Typical values and limits
appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25˚C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the entire junction temperature
range for operation, −40˚C to +125˚C. (Notes 2, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15) and (Note 16).
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Max
Units
3
%
VIN =3.1V to 5.0V, (Note 11) Load
Current = 1 mA
0.15
%/V
Load Regulation
VIN = 3.6V,
Load Current = 1 mA to IMAX
0.011
%/mA
Short Circuit Current Limit
LDO1–4, VOUT = 0V
400
LDO5, VOUT = 0V
500
VOUT
Accuracy
Output Voltage Accuracy (Default
VOUT)
Load Current = 1 mA
∆VOUT
Line Regulation
ISC
VIN VOUT
Min
Typ
−3
Dropout Voltage
Load Current = 50 mA (Note 7)
PSRR
Power Supply Ripple Rejection
f = 10 kHz, Load Current = IMAX
45
IQ
Quiescent Current “On”
IOUT = 0 mA
40
Quiescent Current “On”
IOUT = IMAX
60
150
Quiescent Current “Off”
EN is de-asserted
TON
Turn On Time
Start up from Shut-down
COUT
Output Capacitor
Capacitance for Stability
0˚C ≤ TJ ≤ 125˚C
0.33
−40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ 125˚C
0.68
ESR
mA
mV
dB
µA
0.03
300
µsec
0.47
µF
5
1.0
500
mΩ
LDO dropout voltage vs. Load Current collect data for all LDO’s
Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current
Change in Output Voltage vs. Load Current
20207629
20207630
11
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LP3972
LDO 1 to 5
LP3972
LDO 1 to 5
(Continued)
LDO1 Line Regulation
VOUT = 1.8 volts VIN 3 to 4 volts Load = 100 mA
LDO1 Load Transient
VIN = 4.1 volts VOUT = 1.8 volts no-load-100 mA
20207631
20207632
Enable Start-up time (LDO1)
LDO1 channel 2 LDO4 Channel 1 Sys_enable from 0
volts Load = 100mA
20207633
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12
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6V, CIN = 10 µF, COUT = 10 µF, LOUT = 2.2 µH ceramic. Typical values and limits appearing in
normal type apply for TJ = 25˚C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, −40˚C to +125˚C. (Notes 2, 6, 12) and (Note 13).
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
VOUT
Output Voltage Accuracy
Default VOUT
Eff
Efficiency
Load Current = 500 mA
ISHDN
Shutdown Supply Current
EN is de-asserted
Sync Mode Clock Frequency
Synchronized from 13 MHz System
Clock
fOSC
Internal Oscillator Frequency
IPEAK
Peak Switching Current Limit
IQ
Quiescent Current “On”
Typ
−3
Max
Units
+3
%
95
%
0.1
10.4
13
µA
15.6
MHz
2.0
2.1
No Load PFM Mode
21
No Load PWM Mode
200
MHz
2.4
A
µA
RDSON (P)
Pin-Pin Resistance PFET
RDSON (N)
Pin-Pin Resistance NFET
TON
Turn On Time
Start up from Shut-down
CIN
Input Capacitor
Capacitance for Stability
8
µF
CO
Output Capacitor
Capacitance for Stability
8
µF
240
mΩ
200
mΩ
500
µsec
Buck 1 Output Efficiency vs. Load Current Varied from 1mA to 1.5 Amps
VIN = 3, 3.5 volts VOUT = 1.4 volts Forced PWM
VIN = 4.0-4.5 volts VOUT = 1.4 volts Forced PWM
20207634
20207635
Line Transient Response
VIN = 3 – 3.6 V, VOUT = 1.2 V, 250 mA load
VIN = 3, 3.5 volts VOUT = 1.4 volts Forced PWM
20207637
20207636
13
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LP3972
Buck Converters SW1, SW2, SW3
LP3972
Buck Converters SW1, SW2, SW3
(Continued)
Load Transient
3.6 VIN, 3.3 VOUT, 0 – 100 mA load
VOUT
20207638
20207639
Startup
Startup into PWM Mode 980 mA [channel 2]
VOUT = 1.4 volts VIN = 4.1 volts
20207638
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Mode Change
Load transients 20 mA to 560 mA
= 1.4 volts [PFM to PWM] VIN = 4.1 volts
14
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = VBATT = 3.6V. Typical values and limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25˚C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, −40˚C to +125˚C. (Notes 2, 6) and
(Note 8).
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
VIN
Operational Voltage Range
Voltage at VIN
IOUT
Backup Battery Charging Current
VIN = 3.6V, Backup_Bat = 2.5V,
Backup Battery Charger Enabled
(Note 8)
VOUT
Charger Termination Voltage
VIN = 5.0V Backup Battery Charger
Enabled. Programmable
Backup Battery Charger Short
Circuit Current
PSRR
Min
Typ
3.3
Max
5.5
Units
V
190
µA
3.1
V
Backup_Bat = 0V, Backup Battery
Charger Enabled
9
mA
Power Supply Ripple Rejection
Ratio
IOUT ≤ 50 µA, VOUT = 3.15V
VOUT + 0.4 ≤ VBATT = VIN ≤ 5.0V
f < 10 kHz
15
dB
IQ
Quiescent Current
IOUT < 50 µA
25
µA
COUT
Output Capacitance
0 µA ≤ IOUT ≤ 100 µA
0.1
Output Capacitor ESR
2.91
5
µF
500
mΩ
LP3972 BATTERY SWITCH OPERATION
The LP3972 has provisions for two battery connections, the main battery Vbat and Backup Battery
The function of the battery switch is to connect power to the RTC LDO from the appropriate battery, depending on conditions
described below:
• If only the backup battery is applied, the switch will automatically connect the RTC LDO power to this battery.
• If only the main battery is applied, the switch will automatically connect the RTC LDO power to this battery
• If both batteries are applied, and the main battery is sufficiently charged (Vbat > 3.1V), the switch will automatically connect
the RTC LDO power to the main battery.
• As the main battery is discharged a separate circuit called nBATT_FLT will warn the system. Then if no action is taken to
restore the charge on the main battery, and discharging is continued the battery switch will disconnect the input of the RTC_LDO
from the main battery and connect to the backup battery.
• The main battery voltage at which the RTC LDO is switched over from main to backup battery is 2.8V typically.
• There is a hysteric voltage in this switch operation so; the RTC LDO will not be reconnected to main battery until main battery
voltage is greater than 3.1V typically.
• The system designer may wish to disable the battery switch when only a main battery is used. This is accomplished by setting
the “no back up battery bit” in the control register 8h’0B bit 7 NBUB. With this bit set to “1”, the above described switching will not
occur, that is the RTC LDO will remain connected to the main battery even as it is discharged below the 2.9V threshold. The
Backup battery input should also be connected to main battery.
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LP3972
Back-Up Charger Electrical Characteristics
LP3972
Logic Inputs and Outputs DC Operating Conditions
(Note 2)
Logic Inputs (SYS_EN, PWR_EN, SYNC, nRSTI, PWR_ON, nTEST_JIG, SPARE and GPI’s)
Symbol
Parameter
VIL
Low Level Input Voltage
VIH
High Level Input Voltage
Conditions
Min
0.5
Parameter
Conditions
VOL
Output Low Level
Load = +0.2 mA = IOL Max
VOH
Output High Level
Load = −0.1 mA = IOL Max
ILEAK
Output Leakage Current
Logic Output (nBATT_FLT)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Programmable via Serial Interface
Default = 2.8V
VOL
Output Low Level
Load = +0.4 mA = IOL Max
VOH
Output High Level
Load = −0.2 mA = IOH Max
ILEAK
Input Leakage Current
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+1
µA
Min
Max
Units
0.5
V
V
VRTC
−0.5V
+5
µA
Min
Typ
Max
Units
2.4
2.8
3.4
V
0.5
V
V
VRTC
−0.5V
+5
16
V
−1
VON = VIN
nBATT_FLT Threshold Voltage
Units
V
VRTC
−0.5V
ILEAK
Input Leakage Current
Logic Outputs (nRSTO, EXT_WAKEUP and GPO’s)
Symbol
Max
µA
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6V. Typical values and limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25˚C. Limits appearing in
boldface type apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, −40˚C to +125˚C. (Notes 2, 6) and (Note 9)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
V
VIL
Low Level Input Voltage
(Note 14)
−0.5
0.3 VRTC
VIH
High Level Input Voltage
(Note 14)
0.7 VRTC
VRTC
VOL
Low Level Output Voltage
(Note 14)
0
0.2 VTRC
IOL
Low Level Output Current
VOL = 0.4V (Note 14)
FCLK
Clock Frequency
(Note 14)
tBF
Bus-Free Time Between Start and Stop
(Note 14)
1.3
µs
tHOLD
Hold Time Repeated Start Condition
(Note 14)
0.6
µs
tCLKLP
CLK Low Period
(Note 14)
1.3
µs
tCLKHP
CLK High Period
(Note 14)
0.6
µs
tSU
Set Up Time Repeated Start Condition
(Note 14)
0.6
µs
tDATAHLD
Data Hold Time
(Note 14)
0
µs
tCLKSU
Data Set Up Time
(Note 14)
100
ns
TSU
Set Up Time for Start Condition
(Note 14)
0.6
µs
TTRANS
Maximum Pulse Width of Spikes that
Must be Suppressed by the Input Filter
of Both DATA & CLK Signals
(Note 14)
3.0
mA
400
kHz
50
ns
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the device
is guaranteed. Operating Ratings do not imply guaranteed performance limits. For guaranteed performance limits and associated test conditions, see the Electrical
Characteristics tables.
Note 2: All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
Note 3: In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may have to be
derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA-MAX) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ-MAX-OP = 125˚C), the maximum power
dissipation of the device in the application (PD-MAX), and the junction-to ambient thermal resistance of the part/package in the application (θJA), as given by the
following equation: TA-MAX = TJ-MAX-OP – (θJA x PD-MAX).
Note 4: Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (θJA) is taken from a thermal modeling result, performed under the conditions and guidelines set forth in the JEDEC
standard JESD51–7. The test board is a 4-layer FR-4 board measuring 102 mm x 76 mm x 1.6 mm with a 2x1 array of thermal vias. The ground plane on the board
is 50 mm x 50 mm. Thickness of copper layers are 36 µm/1.8 µm/18 µm/36 µm (1.5 oz/1 oz/1 oz/1.5 oz). Ambient temperature in simulation is 22˚C, still air. Power
dissipation is 1W. Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly application and board-layout dependent. In applications where high maximum power dissipation
exists, special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues in board design. The value of θJA of this product can vary significantly, depending on PCB material,
layout, and environmental conditions. In applications where high maximum power dissipation exists (high VIN, high IOUT), special care must be paid to thermal
dissipation issues. For more information on these topics, please refer to Application Note 1187: Leadless Leadframe Package (LLP) and the Power Efficiency and
Power Dissipation section of this datasheet.
Note 5: The Human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 k ??? resistor into each pin. (MIL-STD-883 3015.7) The machine model is a 200
pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. (EAIJ)
Note 6: All limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard typeface) and at temperature extremes (bold typeface). All room temperature limits are production
tested, guaranteed through statistical analysis or guaranteed by design. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical
Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Note 7: Dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage difference at which the output voltage is 100 mV below its nominal value.
Note 8: Back-up battery charge current is programmable via the I2C compatible interface. Refer to the Application Section for more information.
Note 9: The I2C signals behave like open-drain outputs and require an external pull-up resistor on the system module in the 2 kΩ to 20 kΩ range.
Note 10: LDO_RTC voltage can track LDO3 voltage. LP3972 has a tracking function (nIO_TRACK). When enabled, LDO_RTC voltage will track LDO3 voltage
within 200mV down to 2.8V when LDO3 is enabled
Note 11: VIN minimum for line regulation values is 2.7V for LDOs 1–3 and 1.8V for LDOs 4 and 5. Condition does not apply to input voltages below the minimum
input operating voltage.
Note 12: The input voltage range recommended for ideal applications performance for the specified output voltages is given below:
VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V for 0.80V < VOUT < 1.8V
VIN = (VOUT+ 1V) to 5.5V for 1.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 3.3V
Note 13: Test condition: for VOUT less than 2.7V, VIN = 3.6V; for VOUT greater than or equal to 2.7V, VIN = VOUT+ 1V.
Note 14: This electrical specification is guaranteed by design.
Note 15: An increase in the load current results in a slight decrease in the output voltage and vice versa.
Note 16: Dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage difference at which the output voltage is 100 mV below its nominal value. This specification does not apply
for input voltages below 2.7V for LDOs 1–3 and 1.8V for LDOs 4 and 5.
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Serial Interface Electrical Specifications (SDA and SCL)
LP3972
NFET switch is turned on and the inductor current ramps
down. The next cycle is initiated by the clock turning off the
NFET and turning on the PFET.
Buck Converter Operation
DEVICE INFORMATION
The LP3972 includes three high efficiency step down DC-DC
switching buck converters. Using a voltage mode architecture with synchronous rectification, the buck converters have
the ability to deliver up to 1600 mA depending on the input
voltage, output voltage, ambient temperature and the inductor chosen.
There are three modes of operation depending on the current required - PWM, PFM, and shutdown. The device operates in PWM mode at load currents of approximately 100 mA
or higher, having voltage tolerance of ± 3% with 95% efficiency or better. Lighter load currents cause the device to
automatically switch into PFM for reduced current consumption. Shutdown mode turns off the device, offering the lowest
current consumption (IQ, SHUTDOWN = 0.01 µA typ).
Additional features include soft-start, under voltage protection, current overload protection, and thermal shutdown
protection.
The part uses an internal reference voltage of 0.5V. It is
recommended to keep the part in shutdown until the input
voltage is 2.7V or higher.
20207611
FIGURE 1. Typical PWM Operation
Internal Synchronous Rectification
While in PWM mode, the converters uses an internal NFET
as a synchronous rectifier to reduce rectifier forward voltage
drop and associated power loss. Synchronous rectification
provides a significant improvement in efficiency whenever
the output voltage is relatively low compared to the voltage
drop across an ordinary rectifier diode.
CIRCUIT OPERATION
The buck converter operates as follows. During the first
portion of each switching cycle, the control block turns on the
internal PFET switch. This allows current to flow from the
input through the inductor to the output filter capacitor and
load. The inductor limits the current to a ramp with a slope of
(VIN–VOUT)/L, by storing energy in a magnetic field.
During the second portion of each cycle, the controller turns
the PFET switch off, blocking current flow from the input, and
then turns the NFET synchronous rectifier on. The inductor
draws current from ground through the NFET to the output
filter capacitor and load, which ramps the inductor current
down with a slope of –VOUT/L.
The output filter stores charge when the inductor current is
high, and releases it when inductor current is low, smoothing
the voltage across the load.
The output voltage is regulated by modulating the PFET
switch on time to control the average current sent to the load.
The effect is identical to sending a duty-cycle modulated
rectangular wave formed by the switch and synchronous
rectifier at the SW pin to a low-pass filter formed by the
inductor and output filter capacitor. The output voltage is
equal to the average voltage at the SW pin.
Current Limiting
A current limit feature allows the converters to protect itself
and external components during overload conditions. PWM
mode implements current limiting using an internal comparator that trips at 2.0 A (typ). If the output is shorted to ground
the device enters a timed current limit mode where the NFET
is turned on for a longer duration until the inductor current
falls below a low threshold, ensuring inductor current has
more time to decay, thereby preventing runaway.
PFM OPERATION
At very light loads, the converter enters PFM mode and
operates with reduced switching frequency and supply current to maintain high efficiency.
The part will automatically transition into PFM mode when
either of two conditions occurs for a duration of 32 or more
clock cycles:
A: The inductor current becomes discontinuous.
B: The peak PMOS switch current drops below the IMODE
level, (Typically IMODE < 30 mA + VIN/42Ω).
PWM OPERATION
During PWM operation the converter operates as a voltage
mode controller with input voltage feed forward. This allows
the converter to achieve good load and line regulation. The
DC gain of the power stage is proportional to the input
voltage. To eliminate this dependence, feed forward inversely proportional to the input voltage is introduced.
While in PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mode, the output
voltage is regulated by switching at a constant frequency
and then modulating the energy per cycle to control power to
the load. At the beginning of each clock cycle the PFET
switch is turned on and the inductor current ramps up until
the comparator trips and the control logic turns off the switch.
The current limit comparator can also turn off the switch in
case the current limit of the PFET is exceeded. Then the
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18
nominal PWM output voltage. If the output voltage is below
the “high” PFM comparator threshold, the PMOS power
switch is turned on. It remains on until the output voltage
reaches the ‘high’ PFM threshold or the peak current exceeds the IPFM level set for PFM mode. The typical peak
current in PFM mode is: IPFM = 112 mA + VIN/27Ω. Once the
PMOS power switch is turned off, the NMOS power switch is
turned on until the inductor current ramps to zero. When the
NMOS zero-current condition is detected, the NMOS power
switch is turned off. If the output voltage is below the ‘high’
PFM comparator threshold (see Figure 3), the PMOS switch
is again turned on and the cycle is repeated until the output
reaches the desired level. Once the output reaches the ‘high’
PFM threshold, the NMOS switch is turned on briefly to ramp
the inductor current to zero and then both output switches
are turned off and the part enters an extremely low power
mode. Quiescent supply current during this ‘sleep’ mode is
21 µA (typ), which allows the part to achieve high efficiencies
under extremely light load conditions. When the output drops
below the ‘low’ PFM threshold, the cycle repeats to restore
the output voltage (average voltage in PFM mode) to
< 1.15% above the nominal PWM output voltage. If the load
current should increase during PFM mode (see Figure 3)
causing the output voltage to fall below the ‘low2’ PFM
threshold, the part will automatically transition into fixedfrequency PWM mode. Typically when VIN = 3.6V the part
transitions from PWM to PFM mode at 100 mA output
current .
(Continued)
20207612
FIGURE 2. Typical PFM Operation
During PFM operation, the converter positions the output
voltage slightly higher than the nominal output voltage during
PWM operation, allowing additional headroom for voltage
drop during a load transient from light to heavy load. The
PFM comparators sense the output voltage via the feedback
pin and control the switching of the output FETs such that the
output voltage ramps between < 0.6% and < 1.7% above the
20207613
FIGURE 3. Operation in PFM Mode and Transfer to PWM Mode
SHUTDOWN MODE
During shutdown the PFET switch, reference, control and
bias circuitry of the converters are turned off. The NFET
switch will be open in shutdown to discharge the output.
When the converter is enabled, EN, soft start is activated. It
is recommended to disable the converter during the system
power up and undervoltage conditions when the supply is
less than 2.7V.
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LP3972
Buck Converter Operation
LP3972
Buck Converter Operation
lenging in some critical applications to comply with stringent
regulatory standards or simply to minimize interference to
sensitive circuits in space limited portable systems. The
regulator’s switching frequency and harmonics can cause
“noise” in the signal spectrum. The magnitude of this noise is
measured by its power spectral density. The power spectral
density of the switching frequency, FC, is one parameter that
system designers want to be as low as practical to reduce
interference to the environment and subsystems within their
products. The LP3972 has a user selectable function on
chip, wherein a noise reduction technique known as “spread
spectrum” can be employed to ease customer’s design and
production issues.
(Continued)
SOFT START
The buck converter has a soft-start circuit that limits in-rush
current during start-up. During start-up the switch current
limit is increased in steps. Soft start is activated only if EN
goes from logic low to logic high after VIN reaches 2.7V. Soft
start is implemented by increasing switch current limit in
steps of 213 mA, 425 mA, 850 mA and 1700 mA (typ. Switch
current limit). The start-up time thereby depends on the
output capacitor and load current demanded at start-up.
Typical start-up times with 10 µF output capacitor and 1000
mA load current is 390 µs and with 1 mA load current
its 295 µs.
The principle behind spread spectrum is to modulate the
switching frequency slightly and slowly, and spread the signal frequency over a broader bandwidth. Thus, its power
spectral density becomes attenuated, and the associated
interference electro-magnetic energy is reduced. The clock
used to modulate the LP3972 buck regulator can be used as
a spread spectrum clock via 2 I2C control register (System
Control Register 1 (SCR1) 8h’80) bits bk_ssen, and slomod.
With this feature enabled, the intense energy of the clock
frequency can be spread across a small band of frequencies
in the neighborhood of the center frequency. The results in a
reduction of the peak energy!
The LP3972 spread spectrum clock uses a triangular modulation profile with equal rise and fall slopes. The modulation
has the following characteristics:
FC = 2 MHz, and
• The center frequency:
fM = 6.8 kHz or 12 kHz.
• The modulating frequency,
LDO - LOW DROP OUT OPERATION
The LP3672 can operate at 100% duty cycle (no switching;
PMOS switch completely on) for low drop out support of the
output voltage. In this way the output voltage will be controlled down to the lowest possible input voltage. When the
device operates near 100% duty cycle, output voltage ripple
is approximately 25 mV. The minimum input voltage needed
to support the output voltage is
VIN, MIN = ILOAD * (RDSON, PFET + RINDUCTOR) + VOUT
• ILOAD
• RDSON, PFET
Load Current
• RINDUCTOR
Inductor resistance
Drain to source resistance of PFET
switch in the triode region
•
•
SPREAD SPECTRUM FEATURE
Periodic switching in the buck regulator is inherently a
noisier function block compared to an LDO. It can be chal-
Peak frequency deviation:
Modulation index
Switching Energy RBW = 300 Hz
20207641
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20
∆_f = ± 100 kHz (or ± 5%)
β = ∆_f/fM = 14.7 or 8.3
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
I2C DATA VALIDITY
The data on SDA line must be stable during the HIGH period
of the clock signal (SCL). In other words, state of the data
line can only be changed when CLK is LOW.
20207614
I2C START and STOP CONDITIONS
generates START and STOP bits. The I2C bus is considered
to be busy after START condition and free after STOP condition. During data transmission, I2C master can generate
repeated START conditions. First START and repeated
START conditions are equivalent, function-wise.
START and STOP bits classify the beginning and the end of
the I2C session. START condition is defined as SDA signal
transitioning from HIGH to LOW while SCL line is HIGH.
STOP condition is defined as the SDA transitioning from
LOW to HIGH while SCL is HIGH. The I2C master always
20207615
After the START condition, a chip address is sent by the I2C
master. This address is seven bits long followed by an eighth
bit which is a data direction bit (R/W). The LP3972 address
is 34h. For the eighth bit, a “0” indicates a WRITE and a “1”
indicates a READ. The second byte selects the register to
which the data will be written. The third byte contains data to
write to the selected register.
TRANSFERRING DATA
Every byte put on the SDA line must be eight bits long, with
the most significant bit (MSB) being transferred first. The
number of bytes that can be transmitted per transfer is
unrestricted. Each byte of data has to be followed by an
acknowledge bit. The acknowledge related clock pulse is
generated by the master. The transmitter releases the SDA
line (HIGH) during the acknowledge clock pulse. The receiver must pull down the SDA line during the 9th clock
pulse, signifying an acknowledge. A receiver which has been
addressed must generate an acknowledge after each byte
has been received.
I2C CHIP ADDRESS - 7h’34
MSB
ADR6
Bit7
ADR5
Bit6
ADR4
Bit5
ADR3
Bit4
ADR2
Bit3
ADR1
Bit2
ADR0
Bit1
R/W
Bit0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
R/W
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
Write Cycle
Write cycle
20207616
Read Cycle
When a READ function is to be accomplished, a WRITE function must precede the READ function as follows.
Read Cycle
20207617
w = write (SDA = “0”)
r = read (SDA = “1”)
ack = acknowledge (SDA pulled down by either master or slave)
rs = repeated start
id = 34h (Chip Address)
I2C DVM Timing for VCC_APPS (Buck1)
20207618
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22
A Typical Multi-byte random register transfer is outlined
below:
(Continued)
MULTI-BYTE I2C COMMAND SEQUENCE
Device Address,
To correctly function with the Monahan’s Power Management I2C the LP3972’s I2C serial interface shall support
Random register Multi-byte command sequencing: During a
multi-byte write the Master sends the Start command followed by the Device address, which is sent only once,
followed by the 8 Bit register address, then 8-bits of data.
The I2C slave must then accept the next random register
address followed by 8 bits of data and continue this process
until the master sends a valid stop condition.
Register A Address, Ach, Register A
Data, Ach Register M Address, Ach,
Register M Data, Ach Register X
Address, Ach, Register X Data, Ach
Register Z Address, Ach, Register Z
Data, Ach, Stop
Note: the PMIC is not required to see the I2C device address
for each transaction. A, M, X, and Z are Random numbers.
20207642
INCREMENTAL REGISTER I2C COMMAND SEQUENCE
byte has been sent. Address incrimination may be required
for non XScale applications. User can define whether multibyte (default) to random address or address incrimination
will be used.
The LP3972 supports address increment (burst mode).
When you have defined register address n data bytes can be
sent and register address is incremented after each data
20207643
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
LP3972 CONTROL REGISTER
Register Address
Register Name
Read/Write
Register Description
8h’07
SCR
R/W
8h’10
OVER1
R/W
Output Voltage Enable Register 1
8h’11
OVSR1
R
Output Voltage Status Register 1
8h’12
OVER2
R/W
Output Voltage Enable Register 2
8h’13
OVSR2
R
Output Voltage Status Register 2
8h’20
VCC1
R/W
Voltage Change Control Register 1
8h’23
ADTV1
R/W
BUCK1 Target Voltage 1 Register
8h’24
ADTV2
R/W
BUCK1 DVM Target Voltage 2 Register
8h’25
AVRC
R/W
8h’26
CDTC1
W
Dummy Register
8h’27
CDTC2
W
Dummy Register
8h’29
SDTV1
R/W
LDO5 Target Voltage 1
8h’2A
SDTV2
R/W
LDO5 Target Voltage 2
8h’32
MDTV1
R/W
LDO1 Target Voltage 1 Register
8h’33
MDTV2
R/W
LDO1 Voltage 2 Register
8h’39
L2VCR
R/W
LDO2 Voltage Control Registers
8h’3A
L34VCR
R/W
LDO3 & LDO4 Voltage Control Registers
8h’80
SCR1
R/W
System Control Register 1
8h’81
SCR2
R/W
System Control Register 2
8h’82
OEN3
R/W
Output Voltage Enable Register 3
8h’83
OSR3
R/W
Output Voltage Status Register 3
8h’84
LOER4
R/W
Output Voltage Enable Register 3
8h’85
B2TV
R/W
VCC_Buck2 Target Voltage
8h’86
B3TV
R/W
VCC_Buck3 Target Voltage
8h’87
B32RC
R/W
Buck 32 Voltage Ramp Control
8h’88
ISRA
R
8h’89
BCCR
R/W
System Control Register
VCC_APPS Voltage Ramp Control
Interrupt Status Register A
Backup Battery Charger Control Register
8h’8E
II1RR
R
Internal 1 Revision Register
8h’8F
II2RR
R
Internal 2 Revision Register
SERIAL INTERFACE REGISTER SELECTION CODES (Bold face voltages are default values)
System Control Status Register
Register is an 8 bit register which specifies the control bits for the PMIC clocks. This register works in conjunction with the SYNC
pin where an external clock PLL buffer operating at 13 MHz is synchronized with the oscillators of the buck converters.
System Control Register (SCR) 8h’07
Bit
7
6
5
0
0
0
Designation
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
Reserved
Reset Value
0
CLK_SCL
System Control Register (SCR) 8h’07 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7-1
—
—
0
R/W
CLK_SCL
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Description
Reserved
External Clock Select
0 = Internal Oscillator clock for Buck Converters
1 = External 13 MHz Oscillator clock for Buck Converters
24
0
0
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ENABLE REGISTER 1
This register enables or disables the low voltage supplies LDO1 and Buck1. See details below.
Output Voltage Enable Register 1 (OVER1) 8h’10
Bit
7
6
0
0
5
Designation
4
3
0
0
Reserved
Reset Value
0
2
1
0
S_EN
Reserved
A_EN
1
0
1
Output Voltage Enable Register 1 (OVER1) 8h’10 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
Description
7-3
—
—
Reserved
2
R/W
S_EN
VCC_SRAM (LDO5) Supply Output Enabled
0 = VCC_SRAM (LDO5) Supply Output Disabled
1 = VCC_SRAM (LDO5) Supply Output Enabled
1
—
—
Reserved
0
R/W
A_EN
VCC_APPS (Buck1) Supply Output Enabled
0 = VCC_APPS (BUCK1) Supply Output Disabled
1 = VCC_APPS (BUCK1) Supply Output Enabled
OUTPUT VOLTAGE STATUS REGISTER
This 8 bit register is used to indicate the status of the low voltage supplies. By polling each of the specify supplies is within its
specified operating range.
Output Voltage Status Register 1 (OVSR1) 8h’11
Bit
7
Designation
LP_OK
Reset Value
0
6
5
4
3
Reserved
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
S_OK
Reserved
A_OK
0
0
0
Output Voltage Status Register 1 (OVSR1) 8h’11 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
Description
7
R
LP_OK
Low Voltage Supply Output Voltage Status
0 - VCC_APPS (Buck1) & VCC_SRAM (LDO5) output voltage < 90% of
selected value
1 - VCC_APPS (Buck1) & VCC_SRAM (LDO5) output voltage > 90% of
selected value
6:3
—
—
2
R
S_OK
1
—
—
0
R
A_OK
Reserved
VCC_SRAM Supply Output Voltage Status
0 - VCC_SRAM (LDO5) output voltage < 90% of selected value
1 - VCC_SRAM (LDO5) output voltage > 90% of selected value
Reserved
VCC_APPS Supply output Voltage Status
0 - VCC_APPS(BUCK1) output voltage < 90% of selected value
1 - VCC_APPS(BUCK1) output voltage > 90% of selected value
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ENABLE REGISTER 2
This 8 bit output register enables and disables the output voltages on the LDO 2,3,4 supplies.
Output Voltage Enable Register 2 (OVER2) 8h’12
Bit
7
6
Designation
Reset Value
5
Reserved
0
0
0
4**
3**
2**
1
LDO4_EN
LDO3_EN
LDO2_EN
0
0
0
0
Reserved
0
0
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
Output Voltage Enable Register 2 (OVER2) 8h’12 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7
—
—
Description
Reserved
6
—
—
Reserved
Reserved
5
—
—
4
R/W
LDO4_EN
LDO_4 Output Voltage Enable
0 = LDO4 Supply Output Disabled, Default
1 = LDO4 Supply Output Enabled
3
R/W
LDO3_EN
LDO_3 Output Voltage Enable
0 = LDO3 Supply Output Disabled, Default
1 = LDO3 Supply Output Enabled
2
R/W
LDO2_EN
LDO_2 Output Voltage Enable
0 = LDO2 Supply Output Disabled, Default
1 = LDO2 Supply Output Enabled
1
—
—
Reserved
0
—
—
Reserved
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ENABLE REGISTER 2
Output Voltage Status Register 2 (OVSR2) 8h’13
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Designation
LDO_OK
N/A
N/A
LDO4_OK
LDO3_OK
LDO2_OK
N/A
N/A
Reset Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Output Voltage Status Register 2 (OVSR2) 8h’13 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7
R
LDO_OK
6
—
—
5
—
—
4
R
LDO4_OK
LDO_4 Output Voltage Status
0 - (VCC_LDO4) output voltage < 90% of selected value
1 - (VCC_LDO4) output voltage > 90% of selected value
3
R
LDO3_OK
LDO_3 Output Voltage Status
0 - (VCC_LDO3) output voltage < 90% of selected value
1 - (VCC_LDO3) output voltage > 90% of selected value
2
R
LDO2_OK
LDO_2 Output Voltage Status
0 - (VCC_LDO2) output voltage < 90% of selected value
1 - (VCC_LDO2) output voltage > 90% of selected value
1
—
—
Reserved
0
—
—
Reserved
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Description
LDO 2-4 Supply Output Voltage Status
0 - (LDO 2-4) output voltage < 90% of selected value
1 - (LDO 2-4) output voltage > 90% of selected value
Reserved
Reserved
26
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
DVM VOLTAGE CHANGE CONTROL REGISTER 1
DVM Voltage Change Control Register 1 (VCC1) 8h’20
Bit
7
6
5
4
Designation
MVS
MGO
SVS
SGO
Reset Value
0
0
0
0
3
2
Reserved
0
0
1
0
AVS
AGO
0
0
DVM Voltage Change Control Register 1 (VCC1) 8h’20 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
Description
7
R/W
MVS
VCC_MVT (LDO1) Voltage Select
0 - Change VCC_MVT Output Voltage to MDVT1
1 - Change VCC_MVT Output Voltage to MDVT2
6
R/W
MGO
Start VCC_MVT (LDO1) Voltage Change
0 - Hold VCC_MVT Output Voltage at current Level
1 - Ramp VCC_MVT Output Voltage as selected by MVS
5
R/W
SVS
VCC_SRAM (LDO5) Voltage Select
0 - Change VCC_SRAM Output Voltage to SDTV1
1 - Change VCC_SRAM Output Voltage to SDTV2
4
R/W
SGO
Start VCC_SRAM (LDO5) Voltage Change
0 - Hold VCC_SRAM Output Voltage at current Level
1 - Change VCC_SRAM Output Voltage as selected by SVS
3:2
—
—
1
R/W
AVS
VCC_APPS (Buck 1) Voltage Select
0 - Ramp VCC_APPS Output Voltage to ADVT1
1 - Ramp VCC_APPS Output Voltage to ADVT2
0
R/W
AGO
Start VCC_APPS(Buck1) Voltage Change
0 - Hold VCC_APPS Output Voltage at current Level
1 - Ramp VCC_APPS Output Voltage as selected by AVS
Reserved
27
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
BUCK1 (VCC_APPS) VOLTAGE 1
Buck1 (VCC_APPS) Target Voltage 1 Register (ADTV1) 8h’23
Bit
7
Designation
Reset Value
6
5
4**
0
0
Reserved
0
0
3**
2**
1**
0**
Buck 1 Output Voltage (B1OV1)
1
0
1
1
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable
Buck1 (VCC_APPS) Target Voltage 1 Register (ADTV1) 8h’23 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:5
—
—
4:0
R/W
B1OV1
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Description
Reserved
Data Code
5h’0
5h’1
5h’2
5h’3
5h’4
5h’5
5h’6
5h’7
5h’8
5h’9
5h’A
5h’B
5h’C
5h’D
5h’E
5h’F
28
Output Voltage
0.725
0.750
0.775
0.800
0.825
0.850
0.875
0.900
0.925
0.950
0.975
1.000
1.025
1.050
1.075
1.100
Data Code
5h’10
5h’11
5h’12
5h’13
5h’14
5h’15
5h’16
5h’17
5h’18
5h’19
5h’1A
5h’1B
5h’1C
5h’1D
5h’1E
5h’1F
Output Voltage
1.125
1.150
1.175
1.200
1.225
1.250
1.275
1.300
1.325
1.350
1.375
1.400
1.425
1.450
1.475
1.500
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
BUCK1 (VCC_APPS) TARGET VOLTAGE 2 REGISTER
Buck1 (VCC_APPS) Target Voltage 2 Register (ADTV2) 8h’24
Bit
7
Designation
Reset Value
6
5
4
0
0
Reserved
0
0
3
2
1
0
Buck 1 Output Voltage (B1OV2)
1
0
1
1
Buck1 (VCC_APPS) Target Voltage 2 Register (ADTV2) 8h’24 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:5
—
—
4:0
R/W
B1OV2
Description
Reserved
Data Code
5h’0
5h’1
5h’2
5h’3
5h’4
5h’5
5h’6
5h’7
5h’8
5h’9
5h’A
5h’B
5h’C
5h’D
5h’E
5h’F
29
Output Voltage
0.725
0.750
0.775
0.800
0.825
0.850
0.875
0.900
0.925
0.950
0.975
1.000
1.025
1.050
1.075
1.100
Data Code
5h’10
5h’11
5h’12
5h’13
5h’14
5h’15
5h’16
5h’17
5h’18
5h’19
5h’1A
5h’1B
5h’1C
5h’1D
5h’1E
5h’1F
Output Voltage
1.125
1.150
1.175
1.200
1.225
1.250
1.275
1.300
1.325
1.350
1.375
1.400
1.425
1.450
1.475
1.500
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
BUCK1 (VCC_APPS) VOLTAGE RAMP CONTROL REGISTER
Buck1 (VCC_APPS) Voltage Ramp Control Register (AVRC) 8h’25
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4
3
0
0
1
Reserved
Reset Value
0
0
2
1
0
1
0
Ramp Rate (B1RR)
0
Buck 1 (VCC_APPS) Voltage Ramp Control Register (AVRC) 8h’25 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:5
—
—
Description
Reserved
DVM Ramp Speed
4:0
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R/W
Data Code
5h’0
5h’1
5h’2
5h’3
5h’4
5h’5
5h’6
5h’7
5h’8
5h’9
5h’A
4h’B-4h’1F
B1RR
30
Ramp Rate (mV/uS)
Instant
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Reserved
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
VCC_COMM TARGET VOLTAGE 1 DUMMY REGISTER (CDTV1)
VCC_COMM Target Voltage 1 Dummy Register (CDTV1) 8h’26 Write Only
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
Reserved
Reset Value
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
Output Voltage
0
Note: CDTV1 must be writable by an I2C controller. This is a dummy register
VCC_COMM TARGET VOLTAGE 2 DUMMY REGISTER (CDTV2)
VCC_COMM Target Voltage 2 Dummy Register (CDTV2) 8h’27 Write Only
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
Reserved
Reset Value
0
Output Voltage
0
0
Note: CDTV2 must be writable by an I2C controller. This is a dummy register and can not be read.
This is a variable voltage supply to the internal SRAM of the Application processor.
LDO 5 (VCC_SRAM) TARGET VOLTAGE 1 REGISTER
LDO 5 (VCC_SRAM) Target Voltage 1 Register (SDTV1) 8H’29
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4**
3**
Reserved
Reset Value
0
0
2**
1**
0**
LDO 5 Output Voltage (L5OV)
0
0
1
0
1
1
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
LDO 5 (VCC_SRAM) Target Voltage 1 Register (SDTV1) 8h’29 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:5
—
—
4:0
R/W
B1OV
Description
Reserved
Data Code
5h’0
5h’1
5h’2
5h’3
5h’4
5h’5
5h’6
5h’7
5h’8
5h’9
5h’A
5h’B
5h’C
5h’D
5h’E
5h’F
31
Output Voltage
—
—
—
—
—
0.850
0.875
0.900
0.925
0.950
0.975
1.000
1.025
1.050
1.075
1.100
Data Code
5h’10
5h’11
5h’12
5h’13
5h’14
5h’15
5h’16
5h’17
5h’18
5h’19
5h’1A
5h’1B
5h’1C
5h’1D
5h’1E
5h’1F
Output Voltage
1.125
1.150
1.175
1.200
1.225
1.250
1.275
1.300
1.325
1.350
1.375
1.400
1.425
1.450
1.475
1.500
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
LDO 5 (VCC_SRAM) TARGET VOLTAGE 2 REGISTER
LDO 5 (VCC_SRAM) Target Voltage 2 Register (SDTV2) 8h’2A
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4
3
0
0
1
Reserved
Reset Value
0
0
2
1
0
LDO 5 Output Voltage (L5OV)
0
1
1
LDO 5 (VCC_SRAM) Target Voltage 2 Register (SDTV2) 8h’2A Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:5
—
—
4:0
R/W
B1OV
Description
Reserved
Data Code
5h’0
5h’1
5h’2
5h’3
5h’4
5h’5
5h’6
5h’7
5h’8
5h’9
5h’A
5h’B
5h’C
5h’D
5h’E
5h’F
Output Voltage
—
—
—
—
—
0.850
0.875
0.900
0.925
0.950
0.975
1.000
1.025
1.050
1.075
1.100
Data Code
5h’10
5h’11
5h’12
5h’13
5h’14
5h’15
5h’16
5h’17
5h’18
5h’19
5h’1A
5h’1B
5h’1C
5h’1D
5h’1E
5h’1F
Output Voltage
1.125
1.150
1.175
1.200
1.225
1.250
1.275
1.300
1.325
1.350
1.375
1.400
1.425
1.450
1.475
1.500
VCC_MVT is low tolerance regulated power supply for the application processor ring oscillator and logic for communicating to the
LP3972. VCC_MVT is enabled when SYS_EN is asserted and disabled when SYS_EN is deasserted.
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32
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
LDO 1 (VCC_MVT) TARGET VOLTAGE 1 REGISTER (MDTV1)
LDO 1 (VCC_MVT) Target Voltage 1 Register (MDTV1) 8h’32
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4**
3**
0
0
0
Reserved
Reset Value
0
0
2**
1**
0**
0
0
Output Voltage (OV)
1
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
LDO 1 (VCC_MVT) Target Voltage 1 Register (MDTV1) 8h’32 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:5
—
—
4:0
R/W
L1OV
Description
Reserved
Data Code
5h’0
5h’1
5h’2
5h’3
5h’4
5h’5
5h’6
5h’7
5h’8
5h’9
5h’A
5h’B
5h’C
5h’D-5h’F
33
Output Voltage
1.700
1.725
1.750
1.775
1.800
1.825
1.850
1.875
1.900
1.925
1.950
1.975
2.000
Reserved
Notes:
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
LDO 1 (VCC_MVT) TARGET VOLTAGE 2 REGISTER
LDO 1 (VCC_MVT) Target Voltage 2 Register (MDTV2) 8h’33
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4
3
0
0
1
Reserved
Reset Value
0
0
2
1
0
1
1
Output Voltage (OV)
0
LDO 1 (VCC_MVT) Target Voltage 2 Register (MDTV2) 8h’33 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:5
—
—
4:0
R/W
L1OV
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Description
Reserved
Data Code
5h’0
5h’1
5h’2
5h’3
5h’4
5h’5
5h’6
5h’7
5h’8
5h’9
5h’A
5h’B
5h’C
5h’D-5h’F
34
Output Voltage
1.700
1.725
1.750
1.775
1.800
1.825
1.850
1.875
1.900
1.925
1.950
1.975
2.000
Reserved
Notes:
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
LDO2 VOLTAGE CONTROL REGISTER (L12VCR)
LDO2 Voltage Control Register (L12VCR) 8h’39
Bit
7**
Designation
6**
5**
4**
3
2
0
0
0
LDO 2 Output Voltage (L2OV)
Reset Value
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Reserved
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
LDO2 Voltage Control Register (L12VCR) 8h’39 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:4
R/W
L2OV
Data Code
4h’0
4h’1
4h’2
4h’3
4h’4
4h’5
4h’6
4h’7
4h’8
4h’9
4h’A
4h’B
4h’C
4h’D
4h’E
4h’F
Description
3:0
—
—
Reserved
35
Output Voltage
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
Notes:
Default
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
LDO4 – LDO3 VOLTAGE CONTROL REGISTER (L34VCR)
LDO4 – LDO3 Voltage Control Register (L34VCR) 8h’3A
Bit
7**
Designation
Reset Value
6**
5**
4**
3**
0
0
LDO 4 Output Voltage (L4OV)
0
0
2**
1**
LDO 3 Output Voltage (L3OV)
0
0
0
0
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
LDO4 – LDO3 Voltage Control Register (L34VCR) 8h’3A Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:4
R/W
L4OV
3:0
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R/W
L3OV
0**
Description
Data Code
4h’0
4h’1
4h’2
4h’3
4h’4
4h’5
4h’6
4h’7
4h’8
4h’9
4h’A
4h’B
4h’C
4h’D
4h’E
4h’F
Output Voltage
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.50
1.80
1.90
2.50
2.80
3.00
3.30
Notes:
Data Code
4h’0
4h’1
4h’2
4h’3
4h’4
4h’5
4h’6
4h’7
4h’8
4h’9
4h’A
4h’B
4h’C
4h’D
4h’E
4h’F
Output Voltage
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
Notes:
36
Default
Default
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
NSC DEFINED CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS
SYSTEM CONTROL REGISTER 1 (SCR1)
System Control Register 1 (SCR1) 8h’80
Bit
7**
6**
Designation
BPSEN
Reset Value
0
5**
SENDL
1
4
3
2
1
0
FPWM3
FPWM2
FPWM1
BK_SLOMOD
BK_SSEN
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
System Control Register 1 (SCR1) 8h’80 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7
R/W
BPSEN
Description
Bypass System enable safety Lock. Prevents activation of
PWR_EN when SYS_EN is low.
0 = PWR_EN “AND” with SYS_EN signal, Default
1 = PWR_EN independent of SYS_EN
Delay time for High Voltage Power Domains LDO2, LDO3, LDO4,
Buck2, and Buck3 after activation of SYS_EN. VCC_LDO1 has no
delay.
6:5
R/W
Data Code
2h’0
2h’1
2h’2
2h’3
SENDL
Delay mS
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.4
4
R/W
FPWM3
Buck 3 PWM/PFM Mode select
0 - Auto Switch between PFM and PWM operation
1 - PWM Mode Only will not switch to PFM
3
R/W
FPWM2
Buck 2 PWM/PFM Mode select
0 - Auto Switch between PFM and PWM operation
1 - PWM Mode Only will not switch to PFM
2
R/W
FPWM1
Buck 1 PWM/PFM Mode select
0 - Auto Switch between PFM and PWM operation
1 - PWM Mode Only will not switch to PFM
1
R
BK_SLOMOD
0
R
BK_SSEN
Notes:
Default
Buck Spread Spectrum Modulation Buck 1-3
0 = 10 kHz triangular wave spread spectrum modulation
1 = 2 kHz triangular wave spread spectrum modulation
Spread spectrum function Buck 1-3
0 = SS Output Disabled
1 = SS Output Enabled
37
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
SYSTEM CONTROL REGISTER 2 (SCR2)
System Control Register 2 (SCR2) 8h’81
Bit
7
6
5**
4
Designation
BBCS
SHBU
BPTR
WUP3
Reset Value
1
0
1
1
3
2
1
0
1
GPIO2
0
0
GPIO1
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
System Control Register 2 (SCR2) 8h’81 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7
R/W
BBCS
Description
Sets GPIO1 as control input for Back Up battery charger
0 - Back Up battery Charger GPIO Disabled
1 - Back Up battery Charger GPIO Pin Enabled
Shut down Back up battery to prevent battery drain during
shipping
0 = Back up Battery Enabled
1 = Back up battery Disabled
6
R/W
SHBU
5
R/W
BPTR
Bypass RTC_LDO Output Voltage to LDO 3 Output Voltage
Tracking
0 - RTC-LDO 3 Tracking enabled
1 - RTC-LDO 3 Tracking disabled, Default
4
R/W
WUP3
Spare Wakeup control input
0 - Active High
1 - Active Low
3:2
R/W
GPIO2
Configure direction and output sense of GPIO2 Pin
Data Code
2h’00
2h’01
2h’02
2h’03
1:0
R/W
GPIO1
Configure direction and output sense of GPIO1 Pin
Data Code
2h’00
2h’01
2h’02
2h’03
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GPIO2
Hi-Z
Output Low
Input
Output high
38
GPIO1
Hi-Z
Output Low
Input
Output high
0
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
OUTPUT ENABLE 3 REGISTER (OEN3) 8H’82
Bit
7
Designation
Reset Value
6
5
Reserved
0
0
0
4**
3
2**
1
0**
B3EN
ENFLAG
B2EN
Reserved
L1EN
1
0
1
0
1
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
OUTPUT ENABLE 3 REGISTER (OEN3) 8H’82 DEFINITIONS
Bit
Access
Name
7:5
—
—
4
R/W
B3EN
3
R/W
ENFLAG
2
R/W
B2EN
1
—
—
0
R/W
L1EN
Description
Reserved
VCC_Buck3 Supply Output Enabled
0 = VCC_Buck3 Supply Output Disabled
1 = VCC_Buck3 Supply Output Enabled, Default
Enable for Temperature Flags (BCT)
0 = Temperature Flag Disabled
1 = Temperature Flag Enabled
VCC_Buck2 Supply Output Enabled
0 = VCC_Buck2 Supply Output Disabled
1 = VCC_Buck2 Supply Output Enabled, Default
Reserved
LDO_1 (MVT)Output Voltage Enable
0 = LDO1 Supply Output Disabled
1 = LDO1 Supply Output Enabled, Default
STATUS REGISTER 3 (OSR3) 8H’83
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Designation
BT_OK
B3_OK
B2_OK
LDO1_OK
Reserved
BCT2
BCT1
BCT0
Reset Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STATUS REGISTER 3 (OSR3) DEFINITIONS 8H’83
Bit
Access
Name
7
R
BT_OK
Buck 2-3 Supply Output Voltage Status
0 - (Buck 1-3) output voltage < 90% Default value
1 - (Buck 1-3) output voltage > 90% Default value
Description
6
R
B3_OK
Buck 3 Supply Output Voltage Status
0 - (Buck 3) output voltage < 90% Default value
1 - (Buck 3) output voltage > 90% Default value
5
R
B2_OK
Buck 2 Supply Output Voltage Status
0 - (Buck 2) output voltage < 90% Default value
1 - (Buck 2) output voltage > 90% Default value
4
R
LDO1_OK
3
—
—
LDO_1 Output Voltage Status
0 - (VCC_LDO1) output voltage < 90% of selected value
1 - (VCC_LDO1) output voltage > 90% of selected value
Reserved
39
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
Bit
Access
Name
2:0
R
BCT
Description
Binary coded thermal management flag status register
Data Code
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
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40
Temperature
Ascending ˚C
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Reserved
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
LOGIC OUTPUT ENABLE REGISTER (LOER) 8H’84
Bit
7
6*
5*
4*
3*
2*
1*
0*
Designation
Reserved
B3ENC
B2ENC
B1ENC
L5EC
L4EC
L3EC
L2EC
Reset Value
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
LOGIC OUTPUT ENABLE REGISTER (LOER) DEFINITIONS 8H’84
Bit
Access
Name
7
—
—
Description
6
R/W
B3ENC
Connects Buck 3 enable to SYS_EN or PWR_EN Logic Control pin
0 - Buck 3 enable connected to PWR_EN
1 - Buck 3 enable connected to SYS_EN, Default
5
R/W
B2ENC
Connects Buck 2 enable to SYS_EN or PWR_EN Logic Control pin
0 - Buck 2 enable connected to PWR_EN
1 - Buck 2 enable connected to SYS_EN, Default
4
R/W
B1ENC
Connects Buck 1 enable to SYS_EN or PWR_EN Logic Control pin
0 - Buck 1 enable connected to PWR_EN, Default
1 - Buck 1 enable connected to SYS_EN
3
R/W
L5EC
Connects LDO5 enable to SYS_EN or PWR_EN Logic Control pin
0 - LDO 5 enable connected to PWR_EN, Default
1 - LDO 5 enable connected to SYS_EN
2
R/W
L4EC
Connects LDO4 enable to SYS_EN or PWR_EN Logic Control pin
0 - LDO 4 enable connected to PWR_EN
1 - LDO 4 enable connected to SYS_EN, Default
1
R/W
L3EC
Connects LDO3 enable to SYS_EN or PWR_EN Logic Control pin
0 - LDO 3 enable connected to PWR_EN
1 - LDO 3 enable connected to SYS_EN, Default
0
R/W
L2EC
Connects LDO2 enable to SYS_EN or PWR_EN Logic Control pin
0 - LDO 2 enable connected to PWR_EN
1 - LDO 2 enable connected to SYS_EN, Default
Reserved
41
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
VCC_BUCK 2 TARGET VOLTAGE REGISTER (B2TV) 8H’85
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4**
3**
0
1
1
Reserved
Reset Value
0
0
2**
1**
0**
Buck 2 Output Voltage (B2OV)
0
0
1
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
VCC_BUCK 2 TARGET VOLTAGE REGISTER (B2TV) 8H’85 DEFINITIONS
Bit
Access
7:5
—
4:0
R/W
Name
Description
Reserved
B2OV
Output Voltage
Data Code
5h’01
5h’02
5h’03
5h’04
5h’05
5h’06
5h’07
5h’08
5h’09
5h’0A
5h’0B
5h’0C
(V)
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
Data Code
5h’0D
5h’0E
5h’0F
5h’10
5h’11
5h’12
5h’13
5h’14
5h’15
5h’16
5h’17
5h’18
5h’19
(V)
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.50
2.80
3.00
3.30
BUCK 3 TARGET VOLTAGE REGISTER (B3TV) 8H’86
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4**
3**
0
1
0
Reserved
Reset Value
0
0
2**
1**
0**
Buck 3 Output Voltage (B3OV)
1
0
0
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
BUCK 3 TARGET VOLTAGE REGISTER (B3TV) 8H’86 DEFINITIONS
Bit
Access
7:5
—
4:0
R/W
Name
Description
Reserved
B3OV
Output Voltage
Data Code
5h’01
5h’02
5h’03
5h’04
5h’05
5h’06
5h’07
5h’08
5h’09
5h’0A
5h’0B
5h’0C
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42
(V)
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
Data Code
5h’0D
5h’0E
5h’0F
5h’11
5h’12
5h’13
5h’14
5h’15
5h’16
5h’17
5h’18
5h’19
(V)
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.50
2.80
3.00
3.30
Default
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
VCC_BUCK 3:2 VOLTAGE RAMP CONTROL REGISTER (B32RC)
VCC_Buck 3:2 Voltage Ramp Control Register (B32RC) 8h’87
Bit
7
Designation
6
5
4
3
0
1
Ramp Rate (B3RR)
Reset Value
1
0
2
1
0
Ramp Rate (B2RR)
1
0
1
0
Buck 3:2 Voltage Ramp Control Register (B3RC) 8h’87 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7:4
R/W
B3RR
Data Code
4h’0
4h’1
4h’2
4h’3
4h’4
4h’5
4h’6
4h’7
4h’8
4h’9
4h’A
Description
Ramp Rate mV/µS
Instant
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3:0
R/W
B2RR
Data Code
4h’0
4h’1
4h’2
4h’3
4h’4
4h’5
4h’6
4h’7
4h’8
4h’9
4h’A
Ramp Rate mV/µS
Instant
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
43
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER ISRA
This register specifies the status bits for the interrupts generated by the PMIC. Thermal warning of the IC, GPIO1, GPIO2,
PWR_ON pin, TEST_JIG factory programmable on signal, and the SPARE pin.
Interrupt Status Register ISRA 8h’88
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Designation
Reserved
T125
GPI2
GPI1
WU3L
WUPS
WUPT
WUPS
Reset Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Interrupt Status Register ISRA 8h’88 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7
—
—
6
R
T125
Status bit for thermal warning PMIC T > 125C
0 = PMIC Temp. < 125˚C
1 = PMIC Temp. > 125˚C
5
R
GPI2
Status bit for the input read in from GPIO 2 when set as Input
0 = GPI2 Logic Low
1 = GPI2 Logic High
4
R
GPI1
Status bit for the input read in from GPIO 1 when set as Input
0 = GPI1 Logic Low
1 = GPI1 Logic High
3
R
WU3L
PWR_ON Pin long pulse Wake Up Status
0 = No wake up event
1 = Long pulse wake up event
2
R
WUPS
PWR_ON Pin Short pulse Wake Up Status
0 = No wake up event
1 = Short pulse wake up event
1
R
WUPT
TEST_JIG Pin Wake Up Status
0 = No wake up event
1 = Wake up event
0
R
WUPS
SPARE Pin Wake Up Status
0 = No wake up event
1 = Wake up event
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Description
Reserved
44
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
BACKUP BATTERY CHARGER CONTROL REGISTER (BCCR)
This register specifies the status of the main battery supply. NBUB bit
Backup Battery Charger Control Register (BCCR) 8h’89
Bit
7**
6
Designation
NBUB
CNBFL
Reset Value
0
0
5**
4**
3**
2
nBFLT
0
1
1
BUCEN
0
0
0
IBUC
0
1
Note: ** denotes one time factory programmable EPROM registers for default values
Backup Battery Charger Control Register (BCCR) 8h’89 Definitions
Bit
Access
Name
7
R/W
NBUB
No back-up battery default setting. Logic will not allow switch over to
back-up battery.
0 = Back up Battery Enabled, Default
1 = Back up Battery Disabled
Description
6
R/W
CNBFL
Control for nBATT_FLT output signal
0 = nBATT_FLT Enabled
1 = nBATT_FLT Disabled
nBATT_FLT monitors the battery voltage and can be set to the Assert
voltages listed below.
5:3
R/W
BFLT
2
R/W
BUCEN
Data Code
3h’01
3h’02
3h’03
3h’04
3h’05
Asserted
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
De-Asserted
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
Note:
Default
Enables backup battery charger
0 = Back up Battery Charger Disabled
1 = Back up Battery Charger Enabled
Charger current setting for back-up battery
1:0
R/W
IBUC
Data Code
2h’00
2h’01
2h’02
2h’03
45
BU Charger I (µA)
260
190
325
390
Note:
Default
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LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
INTEL INTERNAL 1 REVISION REGISTER (II1RR) 8H’8E
Bit
7
6
5
4
0
0
0
0
Designation
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
II1RR
Reset Value
INTEL INTERNAL 1 REVISION REGISTER (II1RR) 8H’8E DEFINITIONS
Bit
Access
Name
7:0
R
II1RR
Description
Intel internal usage register for revision information.
INTEL INTERNAL 2 REVISION REGISTER (II2RR) 8H’8F
Bit
7
6
5
4
Designation
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
II2RR
Reset Value
0
0
0
0
INTEL INTERNAL 2 REVISION REGISTER (II2RR) 8H’8F DEFINITIONS
Bit
Access
Name
7:0
R
II2RR
Description
Intel internal usage register for revision information.
REGISTER PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES
Example 1) Start of Day Sequence
PMIC Register
Address
PMIC Register
Name
Register Data
8h’23
ADTVI
00011011
Sets the SOD VCC_APPS voltage
8h’29
SDTV1
00011011
Sets the SOD VCC_SRAM voltage
8h’10
OVER1
00000111
Enables VCC_SRAM and VCC_APPS to their programmed values.
Description
SODl Multi-byte random register transfer is outlined below:
20207644
Device Address, Register A Address, Ach, Register A
Data, Ach Register M Address, Ach,
Register M Data, Ach Register X
Address, Ach, Register X Data, Ach
Register Z Address, Ach, Register Z
Data, Ach, Stop
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46
LP3972
I2C Compatible Interface
(Continued)
Example 2) Voltage change Sequence
PMIC Register
Address
PMIC Register
Name
Register Data
8h’24
ADTV2
00010111
Sets the VCC_APPS target voltage 2 to 1.3 V
8h’2A
SDTV2
00001111
Sets the VCC_SRAM target voltage 2 to 1.1 V
8h’20
VCC1
00110011
Enable VCC_SRAM and VCC_APPS to change to their programmed
target values.
Description
I2C DATA EXCHANGE BETWEEN MASTER AND SLAVE DEVICE
20207645
47
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LP3972
LP3972 Controls
DIGITAL INTERFACE CONTROL SIGNALS
Active State
Signal Direction
SYS_EN
Signal
High Voltage Power Enable
Definition
High
Input
PWR_EN
Low Voltage Power Enable
High
Input
SCL
Serial Bus Clock Line
Clock
SDA
Serial Bus Data Line
nRSTI
Forces an unconditional hardware reset
Low
Input
nRSTO
Forces an unconditional hardware reset
Low
Output
nBATT_FLT
Main Battery removed or discharged indicator
Low
Output
PWR_ON
Wakeup Input to CPU
High
Input
nTEST_JIG
Wakeup Input to CPU
Low
Input
Input
Bidirectional
SPARE
Wakeup Input to CPU
High
Input
EXT_WAKEUP
Wake-Up Output for application processor
High
Output
GPIO1 / nCHG_EN
General Purpose I/O /External Back-up Battery Charger enable
—
Bidirectional /Input
GPIO2
General Purpose I/O
—
Bidirectional
POWER DOMAIN ENABLES
PMU Output
HW Enable
SW Enable
LDO_RTC
—
—
LDO 1 (VCC_MVT)
SYS_EN
LDO1_EN
LDO2
SYS_EN
LDO2_EN
LDO3
SYS_EN
LDO3_EN
LDO4
SYS_EN
LDO4_EN
LDO5 (VCC_SRAM)
PWR_EN
S_EN
Buck1 (VCC_APPS)
PWR_EN
A_EN
BUCK2
SYS_EN
B2_EN
BUCK3
SYS_EN
B3_EN
LDO1 will go off last. This function can be switched off or
delay can be changed by DELAY bits via serial interface as
seen on table below.
8h’80 Bit 5:4
‘00’
‘01’
‘10’
‘11’
Delay, ms
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
LDO_RTC TRACKING (nIO_TRACK)
LP3972 has a tracking function (nIO_TRACK). When enabled, LDO_RTC voltage will track LDO3 voltage within 200
mV down to 2.8V when LDO3 is enabled. This function can
be switched on/off by nIO_TRACK register bit BPTR.
POWER DOMAINS SEQUENCING (DELAY)
By default SYS_EN must be on to have PWR_EN enable but
this feature can be switched off by register bit BP_SYS.
POWER SUPPLY ENABLE
SYS_EN and PWR_EN can be changed by programmable
register bits.
By default SYS_EN enables LDO1 always first and after a
typical of 1 ms delay others. Also when SYS_EN is set off the
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DELAY bits
48
(Continued)
WAKEUP register bits
Reason for WAKEUP
WAKE-UP FUNCTIONALITY (PWR_ON, nTEST_JIG,
SPARE AND EXT_WAKEUP)
WUP0
SPARE
WUP1
TEST_JIG
Three input pins can be used to assert wakeup output for 10
ms for application processor notification to wakeup. SPARE
Input can be programmed through I2C compatible interface
to be active low or high (SPARE bit, Default is active low ‘1’).
A reason for wakeup event can be read through I2C compatible interface also. Additionally wakeup inputs have 30 ms
de-bounce filtering. Furthermore PWR_ON have distinguishing between short and long (∼1s) pulses (push button input).
LP3972 also has an internal Thermal Shutdown early warning that generates a wakeup to the system also. This is
generated usually at 125˚C.
WUP2
PWR_ON short pulse
WUP3
PWR_ON long pulse
TSD_EW
TSD Early Warning
INTERNAL THERMAL SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE
Thermal shutdown is build to generate early warning (typ.
125˚C) which triggers the EXT_WAKEUP for the processor
acknowledge. When a thermal shutdown triggers (typ.
160˚C) the PMU will reset the system until the device cools
down.
BATTERY SWITCH AND BACK UP BATTERY CHARGER
When Back-Up battery is connected but the main battery has
been removed or its supply voltage too low, LP3972 uses
Back-Up Battery for generating LDO_RTC voltage. When
Main Battery is available the battery fet switches over to the
main battery for LDO_RTC voltage. When Main battery voltage is too low or removed nBATT_FLT is asserted. If no back
up battery exists, the battery switch to back up can be
switched off by nBU_BAT_EN bit. User can set the battery
fault determination voltage and battery charger current via
I2C compatible interface. Enabling of back up battery
charger can be done via serial interface (nBAT_CHG_EN) or
external charger enable pin (nCHG_EN). Pin 29 is set as
external charger enable input by default.
20207619
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LP3972
LP3972 Controls
LP3972
LP3972 Controls
input, output or hi-Z mode. Inputs value can be read via
serial interface (GPI1,2 bits). The pin 29 functionality needs
to be set to GPIO by serial interface register bit nEXTCHGEN. (GPIO/CHG)
(Continued)
GENERAL PURPOSE I/O FUNCTIONALITY (GPIO1 AND
GPIO2)
LP3972 has 2 general purpose I/Os for system control. I2C
compatible interface will be used for setting any of the pins to
Port Function
Reg
batmonchg
GPIO < 1 >
GPIO < 1 >
Controls
Nextchgen_sel
bucen
GPIO1
Gpin 1
Function
X
X
1
0
Input = 0
0
Enabled
X
X
1
0
Input = 1
0
Not Enabled
1
0
1
X
X
0
X
X
X
1
X
0
0
0
X
HiZ
Enabled
1
0
0
X
Input (dig)- >
Input
0
1
0
X
Output = 0
0
1
1
0
X
Output = 1
0
GPIO < 1 >
GPIO < 1 >
0
0
Factory fm disabled
GPIO_tstiob
GPIO2
gpin2
1
HiZ
0
1
0
1
Input (dig)- >
input
0
1
1
Output = 0
0
1
1
1
Output = 1
0
The LP3972 has provision for two battery connections, the
main battery Vbat and Backup Battery (See Applications
Schematic Diagrams 1 & 2 of the LP3972 Data Sheet).
The function of the battery switch is to connect power to the
RTC LDO from the appropriate battery, depending on conditions described below:
• If only the backup battery is applied, the switch will automatically connect the RTC LDO power to this battery.
• If only the main battery is applied, the switch will automatically connect the RTC LDO power to this battery.
• If both batteries are applied, and the main battery is
sufficiently charged (VBAT > 3.1V), the switch will automatically connect the RTC LDO power to the main battery.
• As the main battery is discharged by use, the user will be
warned by a separate circuit called nBATT_FLT. Then if
no action is taken to restore the charge on the main
battery, and discharging is continued the battery switch
will protect the RTC LDO by disconnecting from the main
battery and connecting to the backup battery.
— The main battery voltage at which the RTC LDO is
switched from main to backup battery is 2.9V typically.
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•
— There is a hysterisis voltage in this switch operation
so, the RTC LDO will not be reconnected to main
battery until main battery voltage is greater than 3.1V
typically.
Additionally, the user may wish to disable the battery
switch, such as, in the case when only a main battery is
used. This is accomplished by setting the “no back up
battery bit” in the control register 8h’0B bit 7 NBUB. With
this bit set to “1”, the above described switching will not
occur, that is the RTC LDO will remain connected to the
main battery even as it is discharged below the 2.9 Volt
threshold.
REGULATED VOLTAGES OK
All the power domains have own register bit (X_OK) that
processor can read via serial interface to be sure that enabled powers are OK (regulating). Note that these read only
bits are only valid when regulators are settled (avoid reading
these bits during voltage change or power up).
50
register controls may be shifted into the user programmable
bank; the temperature range and resolution of these flags,
might also be refined/redefined.
(Continued)
THERMAL MANAGEMENT
Application: There is a mode wherein all 6 comparators
(flags) can be turned on via the “enallflags” control register
bit. This mode allows the user to interrogate the device or
system temperature under the set operating conditions.
Thus, the rate of temperature change can also be estimated.
The system may then negotiate for speed and power trade
off, or deploy cooling maneuvers to optimize system performance. The “enallflags” bit needs enabled only when the
“bct < 2:0 > bits are read to conserve power.
THERMAL WARNING
2 of 6 low power comparators, each consumes less than 1
µA, are always enabled to operate the “T=125˚C warning
flag with hysteresis. This allows continuous monitoring of a
thermal-warning flag feature with very low power consumption.
LP3972 THERMAL FLAGS FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM,
DATA FROM INITIAL SILICON
Note: The thermal management flags have been verified
functional. Presently these registers are accessible by factory only. If there is a demand for this function, the relevant
The following functions are extra features from the thermal
shutdown circuit:
20207646
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LP3972
LP3972 Controls
LP3972
Application Note - LP3972 Reset Sequence
INITIAL COLD START POWER ON SEQUENCE
1.
The Back up battery is connected to the PMU, power is
applied to the back-up battery pin, the RTC_LDO turns
on and supplies a stable output voltage to the
VCC_BATT pin of the Applications processor (initiating
the power-on reset event) with nRSTO asserted from the
LP3972 to the processor.
2.
nRSTO de-asserts after a minimum of 50 mS.
timer set to 125 mS.
The LP3972 enables the high-voltage power supplies.
— LDO1 power for VCC_MVT (Power for internal logic
and I/O Blocks), BG (Bandgap reference voltage),
OSC13M (13 MHz oscillator voltage) and PLL enabled first, followed by others if delay is on.
7. Countdown timer expires; the Applications processor
asserts PWR_EN to enable the low-voltage power supplies. The processor starts the countdown timer set to
125 mS period.
8. The Applications processor asserts PWR_EN (ext. pin or
I2C), the LP3972 enables the low-voltage regulators.
6.
3.
The Applications processor waits for the de-assertion of
nBATT_FLT to indicate system power (VIN) is available.
4. After system power (VIN) is applied, the LP3972 deasserts nBATT_FLT. Note that BOTH nRSTO and
nBATT_FLT need to be de-asserted before SYS_EN is
enabled. The sequence of the two signals is independent of each other.
5. The Applications processor asserts SYS_EN, the
LP3972 enables the system high-voltage power supplies. The Applications processor starts its countdown
9.
Countdown timer expires; If enabled power domains are
OK (I2C read) the power up sequence continues by
enabling the processors 13 MHz oscillator and PLL’s.
10. The Applications processor begins the execution of
code.
20207622
* Note that BOTH nRSTO and nBATT_FLT need to be de-asserted before SYS_EN is enabled. The sequence of the two signals is independent of each other and
can occur is either order.
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52
LP3972
Application Note - LP3972 Reset Sequence
(Continued)
POWER-ON TIMING
Symbol
Description
t1
Delay from VCC_RTC assertion to nRSTO de-assertion
Min
t2
Delay from nBATT_FLT de-assertion to nRSTI assertion
t3
t4
t5
Typ
50
Max
Units
mS
100
µS
Delay from nRST de-assertion to SYS_EN assertion
10
mS
Delay from SYS_EN assertion to PWR_EN assertion
125
mS
Delay from PWR_EN assertion to nRSTO de-assertion
125
mS
HARDWARE RESET SEQUENCE
Hardware reset initiates when the nRSTI signal is asserted
(low). Upon assertion of nRST the processor enters hardware reset state. The LP3972 holds the nRST low long
enough (50 ms typ.) to allow the processor time to initiate the
reset state.
plies. The Applications processor starts its countdown
timer.
6. The LP3972 enables the high-voltage power supplies.
7.
RESET SEQUENCE
1. nRSTI is asserted.
8.
The Applications processor asserts PWR_EN, the
LP3972 enables the low-voltage regulators.
9. Countdown timer expires; If enabled power domains are
OK (I2C read) the power up sequence continues by
enabling the processors 13 MHz oscillator and PLL’s.
2.
nRSTO is asserted and will de-asserts after a minimum
of 50 mS
3. The Applications processor waits for the de-assertion of
nBATT_FLT to indicate system power (VIN) is available.
4.
After system power (VIN) is turned on, the LP3972 deasserts nBATT_FLT.
5.
The Applications processor asserts SYS_EN, the
LP3972 enables the system high-voltage power sup-
Countdown timer expires; the Applications processor
asserts PWR_EN to enable the low-voltage power supplies. The processor starts the countdown timer.
10. The Applications processor begins the execution of
code.
53
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LP3972
pending on the operating conditions and capacitor type. In
particular, the output capacitor selection should take account
of all the capacitor parameters, to ensure that the specification is met within the application. The capacitance can vary
with DC bias conditions as well as temperature and frequency of operation. Capacitor values will also show some
decrease over time due to aging. The capacitor parameters
are also dependant on the particular case size, with smaller
sizes giving poorer performance figures in general. As an
example, Figure 4 shows a typical graph comparing different
capacitor case sizes in a Capacitance vs. DC Bias plot. As
shown in the graph, increasing the DC Bias condition can
result in the capacitance value falling below the minimum
value given in the recommended capacitor specifications
table. Note that the graph shows the capacitance out of spec
for the 0402 case size capacitor at higher bias voltages. It is
therefore recommended that the capacitor manufacturers’
specifications for the nominal value capacitor are consulted
for all conditions, as some capacitor sizes (e.g. 0402) may
not be suitable in the actual application.
Application Hints
LDO CONSIDERATIONS
External Capacitors
The LP3972’s regulators require external capacitors for
regulator stability. These are specifically designed for portable applications requiring minimum board space and smallest components. These capacitors must be correctly selected for good performance.
Input Capacitor
An input capacitor is required for stability. It is recommended
that a 1.0 µF capacitor be connected between the LDO input
pin and ground (this capacitance value may be increased
without limit).
This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 1
cm from the input pin and returned to a clean analogue
ground. Any good quality ceramic, tantalum, or film capacitor
may be used at the input.
Important: Tantalum capacitors can suffer catastrophic failures due to surge current when connected to a low impedance source of power (like a battery or a very large capacitor). If a tantalum capacitor is used at the input, it must be
guaranteed by the manufacturer to have a surge current
rating sufficient for the application.
There are no requirements for the ESR (Equivalent Series
Resistance) on the input capacitor, but tolerance and temperature coefficient must be considered when selecting the
capacitor to ensure the capacitance will remain approximately 1.0 µF over the entire operating temperature range.
Output Capacitor
The LDO’s are designed specifically to work with very small
ceramic output capacitors. A 1.0 µF ceramic capacitor (temperature types Z5U, Y5V or X7R) with ESR between 5 mΩ to
500 mΩ, are suitable in the application circuit.
For this device the output capacitor should be connected
between the VOUT pin and ground.
It is also possible to use tantalum or film capacitors at the
device output, COUT (or VOUT), but these are not as attractive for reasons of size and cost (see the section Capacitor
Characteristics).
The output capacitor must meet the requirement for the
minimum value of capacitance and also have an ESR value
that is within the range 5 mΩ to 500 mΩ for stability.
20207623
FIGURE 4. Graph Showing a Typical Variation in
Capacitance vs. DC Bias
The ceramic capacitor’s capacitance can vary with temperature. The capacitor type X7R, which operates over a temperature range of −55˚C to +125˚C, will only vary the capacitance to within ± 15%. The capacitor type X5R has a similar
tolerance over a reduced temperature range of −55˚C to
+85˚C. Many large value ceramic capacitors, larger than
1 µF are manufactured with Z5U or Y5V temperature characteristics. Their capacitance can drop by more than 50% as
the temperature varies from 25˚C to 85˚C. Therefore X7R is
recommended over Z5U and Y5V in applications where the
ambient temperature will change significantly above or below 25˚C.
Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramic for use
as output capacitors because they are more expensive when
comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage ratings in the
0.47 µF to 4.7 µF range.
Another important consideration is that tantalum capacitors
have higher ESR values than equivalent size ceramics. This
means that while it may be possible to find a tantalum
capacitor with an ESR value within the stable range, it would
have to be larger in capacitance (which means bigger and
more costly) than a ceramic capacitor with the same ESR
value. It should also be noted that the ESR of a typical
No-Load Stability
The LDO’s will remain stable and in regulation with no external load. This is an important consideration in some circuits, for example CMOS RAM keep-alive applications.
Capacitor Characteristics
The LDO’s are designed to work with ceramic capacitors on
the output to take advantage of the benefits they offer. For
capacitance values in the range of 0.47 µF to 4.7 µF, ceramic
capacitors are the smallest, least expensive and have the
lowest ESR values, thus making them best for eliminating
high frequency noise. The ESR of a typical 1.0 µF ceramic
capacitor is in the range of 20 mΩ to 40 mΩ, which easily
meets the ESR requirement for stability for the LDO’s.
For both input and output capacitors, careful interpretation of
the capacitor specification is required to ensure correct device operation. The capacitor value can change greatly, dewww.national.com
54
A 2.2 µH inductor with a saturation current rating of at least
TBD mA is recommended for most applications. The inductor’s resistance should be less than 0.3Ω for a good efficiency. Table 1 lists suggested inductors and suppliers. For
low-cost applications, an unshielded bobbin inductor could
be considered. For noise critical applications, a toroidal or
shielded bobbin inductor should be used. A good practice is
to lay out the board with overlapping footprints of both types
for design flexibility. This allows substitution of a low-noise
shielded inductor, in the event that noise from low-cost bobbin models is unacceptable.
(Continued)
tantalum will increase about 2:1 as the temperature goes
from 25˚C down to –40˚C, so some guard band must be
allowed.
BUCK CONSIDERATIONS
Inductor Selection
There are two main considerations when choosing an inductor; the inductor should not saturate, and the inductor current
ripple is small enough to achieve the desired output voltage
ripple. Different saturation current rating specs are followed
by different manufacturers so attention must be given to
details. Saturation current ratings are typically specified at
25˚C so ratings at max ambient temperature of application
should be requested from manufacturer.
There are two methods to choose the inductor saturation
current rating.
Input Capacitor Selection
A ceramic input capacitor of 10 µF, 6.3V is sufficient for most
applications. Place the input capacitor as close as possible
to the VIN pin of the device. A larger value may be used for
improved input voltage filtering. Use X7R or X5R types, do
not use Y5V. DC bias characteristics of ceramic capacitors
must be considered when selecting case sizes like 0805 and
0603. The input filter capacitor supplies current to the PFET
switch of the converter in the first half of each cycle and
reduces voltage ripple imposed on the input power source. A
ceramic capacitor’s low ESR provides the best noise filtering
of the input voltage spikes due to this rapidly changing
current. Select a capacitor with sufficient ripple current rating. The input current ripple can be calculated as:
Method 1:
The saturation current is greater than the sum of the maximum load current and the worst case average to peak
inductor current. This can be written as
• IRIPPLE: Average to peak inductor current
• IOUTMAX: Maximum load current (1500 mA)
• VIN: Maximum input voltage in application
• L: Min inductor value including worst case tolerances (30%
drop can be considered for method 1)
• f: Minimum switching frequency (1.6 MHz)
• VOUT: Output voltage
The worst case is when VIN = 2 * VOUT
Method 2:
A more conservative and recommended approach is to
choose an inductor that has saturation current rating greater
than the max current limit of TBD mA.
TABLE 1. Suggested Inductors and Their Suppliers
Model
Vendor
Dimensions LxWxH (mm)
D.C.R (Typ)
FDSE0312-2R2M
DO1608C-222
Toko
3.0 x 3.0 x 1.2
160 mΩ
Coilcraft
6.6 x 4.5 x 1.8
80 mΩ
Output Capacitor Selection
Use a 10 µF, 6.3V ceramic capacitor. Use X7R or X5R types,
do not use Y5V. DC bias characteristics of ceramic capacitors must be considered when selecting case sizes like 0805
and 0603. DC bias characteristics vary from manufacturer to
manufacturer and dc bias curves should be requested from
them as part of the capacitor selection process. The output
filter capacitor smooths out current flow from the inductor to
the load, helps maintain a steady output voltage during
transient load changes and reduces output voltage ripple.
These capacitors must be selected with sufficient capacitance and sufficiently low ESR to perform these functions.
The output voltage ripple is caused by the charging and
discharging of the output capacitor and also due to its ESR
and can be calculated as:
Voltage peak-to-peak ripple due to ESR can be expressed
as follows
VPP-ESR = (2 * IRIPPLE) * RESR
Because these two components are out of phase the rms
value can be used to get an approximate value of peak-topeak ripple.
55
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LP3972
Application Hints
LP3972
Application Hints
Note that the output voltage ripple is dependent on the
inductor current ripple and the equivalent series resistance
of the output capacitor (RESR).
The RESR is frequency dependent (as well as temperature
dependent); make sure the value used for calculations is at
the switching frequency of the part.
(Continued)
Voltage peak-to-peak ripple, root mean squared can be expressed as follows
TABLE 2. Suggested Capacitor and Their Suppliers
Type
GRM21BR60J106K
Ceramic, X5R
Murata
6.3V
0805 (2012)
JMK212BJ106K
Ceramic, X5R
Taiyo-Yuden
6.3V
0805 (2012)
C2012X5R0J106K
Ceramic, X5R
TDK
6.3V
0805 (2012)
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Vendor
56
Voltage
Case Size
Inch (mm)
Model
LP3972
Application Hints
(Continued)
Buck Output Ripple Management
If VIN and ILOAD increase, the output ripple associated with
the Buck Regulators also increases. The figure below shows
the safe operating area. To ensure operation in the area of
concern it is recommended that the system designer circumvents the output ripple issues to install schottky diodes on
the Bucks(s) that are expected to perform under these extreme corner conditions.
(Schottky diodes are recommended to reduce the output
ripple, if system requirements include this shaded area of
operation. VIN > 1.5V and ILOAD > 1.24)
20207647
57
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LP3972
Board Layout Considerations
PC board layout is an important part of DC-DC converter
design. Poor board layout can disrupt the performance of a
DC-DC converter and surrounding circuitry by contributing to
EMI, ground bounce, and resistive voltage loss in the traces.
These can send erroneous signals to the DC-DC converter
IC, resulting in poor regulation or instability.
per fill as a pseudo-ground plane. Then, connect this to
the ground-plane (if one is used) with several vias. This
reduces ground-plane noise by preventing the switching
currents from circulating through the ground plane. It
also reduces ground bounce at the converter by giving it
a low-impedance ground connection.
4. Use wide traces between the power components and for
power connections to the DC-DC converter circuit. This
reduces voltage errors caused by resistive losses across
the traces.
5. Route noise sensitive traces, such as the voltage feedback path, away from noisy traces between the power
components. The voltage feedback trace must remain
close to the converter circuit and should be direct but
should be routed opposite to noisy components. This
reduces EMI radiated onto the DC-DC converter’s own
voltage feedback trace. A good approach is to route the
feedback trace on another layer and to have a ground
plane between the top layer and layer on which the
feedback trace is routed. In the same manner for the
adjustable part it is desired to have the feedback dividers on the bottom layer.
6. Place noise sensitive circuitry, such as radio RF blocks,
away from the DC-DC converter, CMOS digital blocks
and other noisy circuitry. Interference with noisesensitive circuitry in the system can be reduced through
distance.
Good layout for the converters can be implemented by following a few simple design rules.
1. Place the converters, inductor and filter capacitors close
together and make the traces short. The traces between
these components carry relatively high switching currents and act as antennas. Following this rule reduces
radiated noise. Special care must be given to place the
input filter capacitor very close to the VIN and GND pin.
2.
Arrange the components so that the switching current
loops curl in the same direction. During the first half of
each cycle, current flows from the input filter capacitor
through the converter and inductor to the output filter
capacitor and back through ground, forming a current
loop. In the second half of each cycle, current is pulled
up from ground through the converter by the inductor to
the output filter capacitor and then back through ground
forming a second current loop. Routing these loops so
the current curls in the same direction prevents magnetic field reversal between the two half-cycles and reduces radiated noise.
3. Connect the ground pins of the converter and filter capacitors together using generous component-side cop-
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58
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
40-Pin Leadless Leadframe Package
NS Package Number SQF40A
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LP3972 Power Management Unit for Advanced Application Processors
Physical Dimensions