NSC LMX9838SBX

July 2007
LMX9838
Bluetooth® Serial Port Module
1.0 General Description
The National Semiconductor LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port
module is a fully integrated Bluetooth 2.0 baseband controller,
2.4 GHz radio, crystal, antenna, LDO and discreets; combined to form a complete small form factor (10 mm x 17 mm
x 2.0 mm) Bluetooth node.
All hardware and firmware is included to provide a complete
solution from antenna through the complete lower and upper
layers of the Bluetooth stack, up to the application including
the Generic Access Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP).
The module includes a configurable service database to fulfil
service requests for additional profiles on the host. Moreover,
the LMX9838 is qualified as a Bluetooth endproduct, ready to
be used in the end application without additional testing and
license cost.
Based on National’s CompactRISC® 16-bit processor architecture and Digital Smart Radio technology, the LMX9838 is
optimized to handle the data and link management processing requirements of a Bluetooth node.
The firmware supplied in the on-chip ROM memory offers a
complete Bluetooth (v2.0) stack including profiles and command interface. This firmware features point-to-point and
point-to-multipoint link management supporting data rates up
to the theoretical maximum over RFComm of 704 kbps. The
internal memory supports up to 7 active Bluetooth data links
and one active SCO link.
The on-chip Patch RAM provided for lowest cost and risk, allows the flexibility of firmware upgrade.
The module is lead free and RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous
Substances) compliant. For more information on those quality
standards, please visit our green compliance website at
http://www.national.com/quality/green/
2.0 Features
■ Complete Bluetooth 2.0 Stack including
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— Baseband and Link Manager
— Protocols: L2CAP, RFCOMM, SDP
— Profiles: GAP, SDAP, SPP
High Integration: Includes Antenna, crystal, EEPROM,
LDO
Supporting up to 7 active Bluetooth data links and 1 active
SCO link
Class 2 operation
UART Command/Data port speed up to 921.6kbits/s
Advanced Audio Interface for external PCM codec
Better than -80dBm input sensitivity
FCC certified: FCC ID: ED9LMX9838
IC certified: IC-1520A-LMX9838
CE Self certified
Bluetooth SIG QD ID: B012394
Compact Size: 10mm x 17mm x 2.0mm
3.0 Functional Block Diagram
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Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and is used under license by National Semiconductor Corporation.
CompactRISC® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
© 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation
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LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port Module
PRELIMINARY
LMX9838
4.0 Applications
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Telemedicine/Medical, Industrial and Scientific
Personal Digital Assistants
POS Terminals
Data Logging Systems
Audio Gateway applications
•
5.0 Device Details
5.1 HARDWARE
• Baseband and Link Management processors based on
Nationals CompactRISC Core
• Embedded ROM and Patch RAM memory
• Auxiliary Host Interface Ports:
— Link Status
— Transceiver Status (Tx or Rx)
• Advanced Power Management (APM) features
• Supports low-power mode with optional 32.768 kHz
oscillator
• Full Radio path integrated including antenna
• On-chip reference crystal for Bluetooth operation
• Single supply voltage
— Object Push Profile (OPP)
— Synchronization Profile (SYNC)
— Headset (HSP)
— Handsfree Profile (HFP)
— Basic Imaging Profile (BIP)
— Basic Printing Profile (BPP)
On-chip application including:
— Default connections
— Command Interface:
• Link setup and configuration (also Multipoint)
• Configuration of the module
• Service database modifications
— UART Transparent mode
— Optimized cable replacement:
• Automatic transparent mode
• Event filter
5.3 COMPLIANCE
• FCC compliance (see Section 19.2.2 FCC Compliance
Information): The device complies with Part 15 of FCC
Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
— This device may not cause harmful interference
— This device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired
operation
5.2 FIRMWARE
• Additional Profile support on Host. e.g:
— Dial Up Networking (DUN)
— Facsimile Profile (FAX)
— File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
5.4 PACKAGE
• Complete system interface provided in Lead Grid Array on
underside for surface mount assembly
6.0 Ordering Information
TABLE 1. Ordering Information
Order Number
Spec.
Shipment Method
LMX9838SB
NOPB (Note 1)
135 pcs Tray
LMX9838SBX
NOPB (Note 1)
500 pcs Tape & Reel
Note 1: NOPB = No Pb (No Lead)
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LMX9838
7.0 Connection Diagram
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8.0 Pad Description
TABLE 2. System Interface Signals
Pad Name
OP3
Pad
Location
Type
Default Layout
Description
16
I
OP3: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option
26
OP4: I
PG4: I/O
OP4: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option
PG4: GPIO
OP5
25
I/O
OP5: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option
32K-
28
O
NC (if not used)
32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator
32K+
27
I
GND (if not used)
32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator
OP4/PG4
TABLE 3. UART Interface Signals
Pad Name
Pad
Location
Type
Default Layout
RXD
12
I
TXD
13
O
RTS# (Note 2)
14
O
NC (if not used)
CTS# (Note 3)
15
I
GND (if not used)
Description
Host Serial Port Receive Data
Host Serial Port Transmit Data
Host Serial Port Request To Send (active low)
Host Serial Port Clear To Send (active low)
Note 2: Treat As No Connect If RTS is not used. Pad required for mechanical stability.
Note 3: Connect to GND if CTS is not use.
TABLE 4. Auxiliary Ports Interface Signals
Pad Location
Type
RESET#
Pad Name
2
I
Default Layout
Description
XOSCEN
8
O
Host main Clock Request. Toggles with Main crystal (X1) enable/
disable
PG6
7
I/O
GPIO - Default setup LINK STATUS indication
PG7
19
I/O
GPIO - Default setup RF traffic LED indication
Low active, either NC or Module Reset (active low)
connect to host
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LMX9838
TABLE 5. Audio Interface Signals
Pad Name
Pad Location
Type
Default Layout
Description
SCLK
20
I/O
Audio PCM Interface Clock
SFS
21
I/O
Audio PCM Interface Frame Synchronization
STD
22
O
Audio PCM Interface Transmit Data Output
SRD
23
I
Audio PCM Interface Receive Data Input
TABLE 6. Power, Ground and No Connect Signals
Pad Name
Pad Location
Type
6
I
VCC_CORE
9
I/O
VCC
10
I
11
I
3,4,17,18,24,
29,30,31,32
I
MVCC
VCC_IO
GND
Default Layout
Description
Module internal Voltage Regulator Input
Voltage Regulator Input/Output
Voltage Regulator Input Baseband
Power Supply I/O
GND
Must be connected to ground plane
NC
1,5,33,34,35,
36,37,38,39,40
NC
Place Pads for stability. See Section 21.0 Physical
Dimensions
NC
41,42,43,44,45,
46,47,48,49,50,
51,52,53,54,55,
56,57,58,59,60,
61,62,63,64,65,
66,67,68,69,70
NC
DO NOT PLACE ANY PADS. See Section 21.0 Physical
Dimensions
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The following diagrams show two application examples for
LMX9838 implementations.
Figure 1 illustrates a cable replacement application, requiring
the physical UART interface to a data device like a sensor.
The LMX9838 just waits for an incoming link and forwards
data between the data device and the bluetooth link. PG6 acts
as active link indicator and is used to enable the data transfer
from the sensor. A 32.768khz crystal may be is used to reduce
power consumption while waiting for the incoming link.
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FIGURE 1. Example For A Cable Replacement Application
30027916
FIGURE 2. Example For Host Controller Based Application With Audio Support
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LMX9838
Figure 2 shows an example for the connection to a host controller, which can include a simple application to control the
LMX9838. The figure also includes the connection to a PCM
codec, in case the host controller application includes an audio profile. Reset, OP4 and OP5 are controlled by the host for
full control of the LMX9838 status.
Please refer to Section 16.0 Application Notes for more detailed descriptions for LMX9838 designs.
9.0 Application Diagrams
LMX9838
The following conditions are true unless otherwise stated in
the tables below:
• TA = -40°C to +85°C
• VCC = 3.3V
• RF system performance specifications are guaranteed on
National Semiconductor FlagStaff board rev 2.1
evaluation platform
10.0 General Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings (see Table 7 ) indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating
Ratings (
see Table 8) indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional.
This device is a high performance RF integrated circuit and is
ESD sensitive. Handling and assembly of this device should
be performed at ESD free workstations.
TABLE 7. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Min
Max
Unit
VCC
Symbol
Digital Voltage Regulator input
Parameter
-0.2
4
V
VI
Voltage on any pad with GND = 0V
-0.2
VCC + 0.2
V
TS
Storage Temperature Range
-65
+150
°C
TLNOPB
Lead Temperature NOPB (Note 4),(Note 5)
(solder 40 sec.)
250
°C
ESDHBM
ESD - Human Body Model
2000
V
ESDMM
ESD - Machine Model
200 (Note 6)
V
ESDCDM
ESD - Charge Device Model
250
V
Note 4: Reference IPC/JDEC J-STD-20C spec.
Note 5: NOPB = No Pb (No Lead).
Note 6: A 200V ESD rating applies to all pins except Antenna Pins.
TABLE 8. Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
MVCC
Module internal Voltage Regulator input
3.0
3.3
3.6
V
VCC
Digital Voltage Regulator input
2.5
3.3
3.6
V
TR
Digital Voltage Regulator Rise Time
10
μs
TA
Ambient Operating Temperature Range
Fully Functional Bluetooth Node
-40
+25
+85
°C
VCC_I (Note 7)
Supply Voltage Digital I/O
1.8
3.3
3.6
V
VCC_CORE
Supply Voltage Output (Note 8)
1.8
V
Note 7: VCC must be > (VCC_IO - 0.5V) to avoid backdrive supply.
Note 8: Should not be used for external supplies
Power Supply Requirements (Notes 9, 10)
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
(Note 11)
Max
Unit
ICC-TX
Power supply current for continuous transmit
65
mA
ICC-RX
Power supply current for continuous receive
65
mA
IRXSL
Receive Data in SPP Link, Slave
26
mA
IRXM
Receive Data in SPP Link, Master
23
mA
ISnM
Sniff Mode, Sniff interval 1 second
6.5
mA
ISC-TLDIS
Scanning, No Active Link, TL Disabled
1.1
mA
Note 9: Power supply requirements based on Class II output power.
Note 10: Based on UART Baudrate 115.2kbit/s.
Note 11: VCC = 3.3V, Ambient Temperature = +25 °C.
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LMX9838
10.1 DC CHARACTERISTICS
Digital DC Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
Min
Max
Units
VIH
Logical 1 Input Voltage high
(except oscillator I/O)
3.0V ≤ VCC ≤ 3.6V
2.0
VCC + 0.2
V
VIL
Logical 0 Input Voltage low
(except oscillator I/O)
3.0V ≤ VCC ≤ 3.6V
-0.2
0.8
V
VHYS
Hysteresis Loop Width (Note 12)
0.1 x VCC
V
IOH
Logical 1 Output Current
VOH = 2.4V,
VCC = 3.0V
-10
mA
IOL
Logical 0 Output Current
VOH = 0.4V,
VCC = 3.0V
10
mA
Note 12: Guaranteed by design.
10.2 RF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
In the performance characteristics tables the following applies:
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All tests performed are based on Bluetooth Test Specification revision 2.0
All tests are measured at antenna port unless otherwise specified
TA = -40°C to +85°C
VDD_RF = 2.8V unless otherwise specified
RF system performance specifications are guaranteed on National Semiconductor Flagstaff board rev 2.1 evaluation platform.
Receiver Performance Characteristics
Symbol
RXsense
Parameter
Receive Sensitivity
Typ
(Note 13)
Max
Unit
2.402 GHz
-80
-76
dBm
2.441 GHz
-80
-76
dBm
-80
-76
dBm
Condition
BER < 0.001
Min
2.480 GHz
PinRF
Maximum Input Level
IMP
(Note 14)
Intermodulation Performance
RSSI
RSSI Dynamic Range at LNA
Input
OOB
(Note 14)
Out Of Band Blocking
Performance
F1= + 3 MHz,
F2= + 6 MHz,
PinRF = -64 dBm
-10
0
dBm
-38
-36
dBm
-72
-52
dBm
PinRF = -10 dBm,
30 MHz < FCWI < 2 GHz,
BER < 0.001
-10
dBm
PinRF = -27 dBm,
2000 MHz < FCWI < 2399 MHz,
BER < 0.001
-27
dBm
PinRF = -27 dBm,
2498 MHz < FCWI < 3000 MHz,
BER < 0.001
-27
dBm
PinRF = -10 dBm,
3000 MHz < FCWI < 12.75 GHz,
BER < 0.001
-10
dBm
Note 13: Typical operating conditions are at 2.75V operating voltage and 25°C ambient temperature.
Note 14: The f0 = -64 dBm Bluetooth modulated signal, f1 = -39dbm sine wave, f2 = -39 dBm Bluetooth modulated signal, f0 = 2f1 - f2, and |f2 - f1| = n * 1MHz,
where n is 3, 4, or 5. For the typical case, n = 3.
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LMX9838
Transmitter Performance Characteristics
Parameter
Condition
Min
Typ
(Note 13)
Max
Unit
Transmit Output Power
2.402 GHz
−4
0
+3
dBm
2.441 GHz
−4
0
+3
dBm
2.480 GHz
−4
0
+3
dBm
MOD ΔF1AVG
Modulation Characteristics
Data = 00001111
140
165
175
kHz
MOD ΔF2MAX (Note 16)
Modulation Characteristics
Data = 10101010
115
125
ΔF2AVG/DF1AVG (Note
Modulation Characteristics
Symbol
POUTRF
kHz
0.8
17)
20 dB Bandwidth
POUT2*fo (Note 18)
PA 2 nd Harmonic Suppression
ZRFOUT (Note 19)
RF Output Impedance/Input
Impedance of RF Port (RF_inout)
Maximum gain setting:
f0 = 2402 MHz,
Pout = 4804 MHz
Pout @ 2.5 GHz
1000
kHz
-30
dBm
Ω
47
Note 15: Typical operating conditions are at 2.75V operating voltage and 25°C ambient temperature.
Note 16: ΔF2max ≥ 115 kHz for at least 99.9% of all Δf2max.
Note 17: Modulation index set between 0.28 and 0.35.
Note 18: Out-of-Band spurs only exist at 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the CW frequency for each channel.
Note 19: Not tested in production.
Synthesizer Performance Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
Min
Max
Unit
2480
MHz
0
75
kHz
-25
0
25
kHz
-40
0
40
kHz
DH5 data packet
-40
0
40
kHz
Drift Rate
-20
0
20
kHz/50µs
fVCO
VCO Frequency Range
tLOCK
Lock Time
Δf0offset (Note 20)
Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance
During preamble
-75
Δf0drift (Note 20)
Initial Carrier Frequency Drift
DH1 data packet
DH3 data packet
tD - Tx
Transmitter Delay Time
Typ
2402
f0 ± 20 kHz
From Tx data to antenna
120
µs
4
µs
Note 20: Frequency accuracy is dependent on crystal oscillator chosen. The crystal must have a cumulative accuracy of < +/-20ppm to meet Bluetooth
specifications.
Note: All RF parameters are tested prior to the antenna.
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11.0 Functional Description
11.1 BASEBAND AND LINK MANAGEMENT
PROCESSORS
Baseband and Lower Link control functions are implemented
using a combination of National Semiconductor’s CompactRISC 16-bit processor and the Bluetooth Lower Link
Controller. These processors operate from integrated ROM
memory and RAM and execute on-board firmware implementing all Bluetooth functions.
11.1.2 Bluetooth Upper Layer Stack
The integrated upper layer stack is prequalified and includes
the following protocol layers:
• L2CAP
• RFComm
• SDP
11.1.1 Bluetooth Lower Link Controller
The integrated Bluetooth Lower Link Controller (LLC) complies with the Bluetooth Specification version 2.0 and implements the following functions:
• Adaptive Frequency Hopping
• Interlaced Scanning
• Fast Connect
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Support for 1, 3, and 5 slot packet types
79 Channel hop frequency generation circuitry
Fast frequency hopping at 1600 hops per second
Power management control
Access code correlation and slot timing recovery
11.1.3 Profile Support
The on-chip application of the LMX9838 allows full standalone operation, without any Bluetooth protocol layer necessary outside the module. It supports the Generic Access
Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile
(SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP).
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11.2 TRANSPORT PORT - UART
The LMX9838 provides one Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). The UART interface consists out of
Receive (RX), Transmit (TX), Ready-to-Send (RTS) and
Clear-to-Send signals. RTS and CTS are used for hardware
handshaking between the host and the LMX9838. Since the
LMX9838 acts as gateway between the bluetooth and the
UART interface, National Semiconductor recommends to use
the handshaking signals especially for transparent operation.
In case two signals are used CTS needs to be pulled to GND.
Please refer also to "LMX9838 Software User’s Guide" for
detailed information on 2-wire operation.
The UART interface supports formats of 8-bit data with or
without parity, with one or two stop bits. It can operate at
standard baud rates from 2400bits/s up to a maximum baud
rate of 921.6kbits/s. DMA transfers are supported to allow for
fast processor independent receive and transmit operation.
The UART baudrate is configured during startup by checking
option pins OP3, OP4 and OP5. Table 10 gives the correspondence between the OP pins settings and the UART
speed.
The UART offers wakeup from the power save modes via the
multi-input wakeup module. When the LMX9838 is in low
power mode, RTS# and CTS# can function as Host_WakeUp
and Bluetooth_WakeUp respectively. Table 9 represents the
operational modes supported by the firmware for implementing the transport via the UART.
11.1.4 Application With Command Interface
The module supports automatic slave operation eliminating
the need for an external control unit. The implemented transparent option enables the chip to handle incoming data raw,
without the need for packaging in a special format. The device
uses a pin to block unallowed connections. This pincode can
be fixed or dynamically set.
Acting as master, the application offers a simple but versatile
command interface for standard Bluetooth operation like inquiry, service discovery, or serial port connection. The
firmware supports up to seven slaves. Default Link Policy settings and a specific master mode allow optimized configuration for the application specific requirements. See Section 13.0 Integrated Firmware.
11.1.5 Memory
The LMX9838 introduces 16 kB of combined system and
Patch RAM memory that can be used for data and/or code
upgrades of the ROM based firmware. Due to the flexible
startup used for the LMX9838 operating parameters like the
Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR) are defined during
boot time. This allows reading out the parameters of an internal EEPROM or programming them directly over UART.
TABLE 9. UART Operation Modes
Item
Range
Default at Power-Up
Baud Rate
2.4 to 921.6 kbits/s
Either configured by option pins, NVS
Flow Control
RTS#/CTS# or None
RTS#/CTS#
Parity
Odd, Even, None
None
Stop Bits
1,2
1
Data Bits
8
8
TABLE 10. UART Frequency Settings
OP3 (Note 21)
OP4 (Note 22)
OP5 (Note 23)
1
0
0
UART speed read from NVS
1
0
1
UART speed 9.6 kbps
1
1
0
UART speed 115.2 kbps
1
1
1
UART speed 921.6 kbps
Function
Note 21: If OP3 is 1, must use 1K pull up
Note 22: If OP4 is 1, must use 1K pull up
Note 23: If OP5 is 1, must use 1K pull up
non-volatile storage or programmed during boot-up). The audio path options include the OKI MSM7717 codec, the Winbond W681360/W681310 codecs and the PCM slave through
the AAI.
In case an external codec or DSP is used the LMX9838 audio
interface generates the necessary bit and frame clock driving
the interface.
Table 11 summarizes the audio path selection and the configuration of the audio interface at the specific modes.
The LMX9838 supports one SCO link.
11.3 AUDIO PORT
11.3.1 Advanced Audio Interface
The Advanced Audio Interface (AAI) is an advanced version
of the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) that provides a fullduplex communications port to a variety of industry-standard
13/14/15/16-bit linear or 8-bit log PCM codecs, DSPs, and
other serial audio devices.
The interface allows the support one codec or interface. The
firmware selects the desired audio path and interface configuration by a parameter that is located in RAM (imported from
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LMX9838
The on-chip profiles can be used as interfaces to additional
profiles executed on the host. The LMX9838 includes a configurable service database to answer requests with the profiles supported.
LMX9838
TABLE 11. Audio Path Configuration
Interface
Format
AAI Bit Clock
AAI Frame Clock
AAI Frame Sync
Pulse Length
OKI
MSM7717
Advanced audio interface
8-bit log PCM
(a-law only)
480 kHz
8 kHz
14 Bits
OKI
MSM7717
Advanced audio interface
8-bit log PCM
(a-law only)
520 kHz
8 kHz
14 Bits
Winbond
W681310
Advanced audio interface
8-bit log PCM
A-law and u-law
520 kHz
8 kHz
14 Bits
Winbond
W681360
Advanced audio interface
13-bit linear
520 kHz
8 kHz
13 Bits
PCM slave (Note 24)
Advanced audio interface
8/16 bits
128 - 1024 kHz
8 kHz
8/16 Bits
Audio setting
Note 24: In PCM slave mode, parameters are stored in NVS. Bit clock and frame clock must be generated by the host interface.
PCM slave configuration example: PCM slave uses the slot
0, 1 slot per frame, 16 bit linear mode, long frame sync, normal
frame sync. In this case, 0x03E0 should be stored in NVS.
See “LMX9838 Software Users Guide” for more details.
The received frequency equals the local oscillator frequency
(fLO) plus the intermediate frequency (fIF):
fRF = fLO + fIF (supradyne).
The radio includes a synthesizer consisting of a phase detector, a charge pump, an (off-chip) loop-filter, an RF-frequency divider, and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO).
The transmitter utilizes IQ-modulation with bit-stream data
that is gaussian filtered. Other blocks included in the transmitter are a VCO buffer and a power amplifier (PA).
11.4 AUXILIARY PORTS
11.4.1 RESET#
The RESET# is active low and will put radio and baseband
into reset.
12.2 RECEIVER FRONT-END
The receiver front-end consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA)
followed by two mixers and two low-pass filters for the I- and
Q-channels.
The intermediate frequency (IF) part of the receiver front-end
consists of two IF amplifiers that receive input signals from
the mixers, delivering balanced I- and Q-signals to the polyphase bandpass filter. The poly-phase bandpass filter is directly followed by two hard-limiters that together generate an
AD-converted RSSI signal.
11.4.2 General Purpose I/Os
The LMX9838 offers 3 pins which either can be used as indication and configuration pins or can be used for General
Purpose functionality. The selection is made out of settings
derived out of the power up sequence.
In General Purpose configuration the pins are controlled hardware specific commands giving the ability to set the direction,
set them to high or low or enable a weak pull-up.
In alternate function the pins have pre-defined indication functionality. Please see Table 12 for a description on the alternate indication functionality.
12.2.1 Poly-Phase Bandpass Filter
The purpose of the IF bandpass filter is to reject noise and
spurious (mainly adjacent channel) interference that would
otherwise enter the hard limiting stage. In addition, it takes
care of the image rejection.
The bandpass filter uses both the I- and Q-signals from the
mixers. The out-of-band suppression should be higher than
40 dB (f<1 MHz, f>3 MHz). The bandpass filter is tuned over
process spread and temperature variations by the autotuner
circuitry. A 5th order Butterworth filter is used.
TABLE 12. Alternate GPIO Pin Configuration
Pin
Description
OP4/PG4
Operation Mode pin to configure
Transport Layer settings during boot-up
PG6
GPIO - Link Status indication
PG7
RF Traffic indication
12.0 Digital Smart Radio
12.2.2 Hard-Limiter and RSSI
The I- and Q-outputs of the bandpass filter are each followed
by a hard-limiter. The hard-limiter has its own reference current. The RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) measures the level of the RF input signal.
The RSSI is generated by piece-wise linear approximation of
the level of the RF signal. The RSSI has a mV/dB scale, and
an analog-to-digital converter for processing by the baseband
circuit. The input RF power is converted to a 5-bit value. The
RSSI value is then proportional to the input power (in dBm).
The digital output from the ADC is sampled on the BPKTCTL
signal low-to-high transition.
12.1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The integrated Digital Smart Radio utilizes a heterodyne receiver architecture with a low intermediate frequency (2 MHz)
such that the intermediate frequency filters can be integrated
on chip. The receiver consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA)
followed by two mixers. The intermediate frequency signal
processing blocks consist of a poly-phase bandpass filter
(BPF), two hard-limiters (LIM), a frequency discriminator
(DET), and a post-detection filter (PDF). The received signal
level is detected by a received signal strength indicator
(RSSI).
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12.5.1 Phase-Frequency Detector
The phase-frequency detector is a 5-state phase-detector. It
responds only to transitions, hence phase-error is independent of input waveform duty cycle or amplitude variations.
Loop lockup occurs when all the negative transitions on the
inputs, F_REF and F_MOD, coincide. Both outputs (i.e., Up
and Down) then remain high. This is equal to the zero error
mode. The phase-frequency detector input frequency range
operates at 12 MHz.
12.6 TRANSMITTER CIRCUITRY
The transmitter consists of ROM tables, two Digital to Analog
(DA) converters, two low-pass filters, IQ mixers, and a power
amplifier (PA).
The ROM tables generate a digital IQ signal based on the
transmit data. The output of the ROM tables is inserted into
IQ-DA converters and filtered through two low-pass filters.
The two signal components are mixed up to 2.5 GHz by the
TX mixers and added together before being inserted into the
transmit PA.
12.3.1 Frequency Discriminator
The frequency discriminator gets its input signals from the
limiter. A defined signal level (independent of the power supply voltage) is needed to obtain the input signal. Both inputs
of the frequency discriminator have limiting circuits to optimize performance. The bandpass filter in the frequency discriminator is tuned by the autotuning circuitry.
12.6.1 IQ-DA Converters and TX Mixers
The ROM output signals drive an I- and a Q-DA converter.
Two Butterworth low-pass filters filter the DA output signals.
The 6 MHz clock for the DA converters and the logic circuitry
around the ROM tables are derived from the autotuner.
The TX mixers mix the balanced I- and Q-signals up to 2.4-2.5
GHz. The output signals of the I- and Q-mixers are summed.
12.3.2 Post-Detection Filter and Equalizer
The output signals of the FM discriminator first go through a
post-detection filter and then through an equalizer. Both the
post-detection filter and equalizer are tuned to the proper frequency by the autotuning circuitry. The post-detection filter is
a low-pass filter intended to suppress all remaining spurious
signals, such as the second harmonic (4 MHz) from the FM
detector and noise generated after the limiter.
The post-detection filter also helps for attenuating the first
adjacent channel signal. The equalizer improves the eyeopening for 101010 patterns. The post-detection filter is a
third order Butterworth filter.
12.7 32 kHz Oscillator
An oscillator is provided (see Figure 3) that is tuned to provide
optimum performance and low-power consumption while operating with a 32.768 kHz crystal. An external crystal clock
network is required between the 32k+ clock input (pad 27) and
the 32k- clock output (pad 28) signals.The oscillator is built in
a Pierce configuration and uses two external capacitors. Table 13 provides the oscillator’s specifications.
In case the 32kHz is not used, it is recommended to leave
32k- open and connect 32k+ to GND.
12.4 AUTOTUNING CIRCUITRY
The autotuning circuitry is used for tuning the bandpass filter,
the detector, the post-detection filter, the equalizer, and the
transmit filters for process and temperature variations. The
circuit also includes an offset compensation for the FM detector.
12.5 SYNTHESIZER
The synthesizer consists of a phase-frequency detector, a
charge pump, a low-pass loop filter, a programmable frequency divider, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a deltasigma modulator, and a lookup table.
The frequency divider consists of a divide-by-2 circuit (divides
the 5 GHz signal from the VCO down to 2.5 GHz), a divideby-8-or-9 divider, and a digital modulus control. The deltasigma modulator controls the division ratio and also generates an input channel value to the lookup table.
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FIGURE 3. 32.768 kHz Oscillator
TABLE 13. 32.768 kHz Oscillator Specifications
Symbol
Parameter
VDD
Supply Voltage
IDDACT
Supply Current (Active)
f
Nominal Output Frequency
VPPOSC
Oscillating Amplitude
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
1.62
1.8
1.98
V
2
µA
32.768
kHz
1.8
Duty Cycle
40
11
-
V
60
%
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LMX9838
12.3 RECEIVER BACK-END
The hard-limiters are followed by a two frequency discriminators. The I-frequency discriminator uses the 90× phase-shifted signal from the Q-path, while the Q-discriminator uses the
90× phase-shifted signal from the I-path. A poly-phase bandpass filter performs the required phase shifting. The output
signals of the I- and Q-discriminator are substracted and filtered by a low-pass filter. An equalizer is added to improve
the eye-pattern for 101010 patterns.
After equalization, a dynamic AFC (automatic frequency offset compensation) circuit and slicer extract the RX_DATA
from the analog data pattern. It is expected that the Eb/No of
the demodulator is approximately 17 dB.
LMX9838
In Non-Automatic Operation, the LMX9838 does not check
the default connections section within the Data RAM. If connected by another device, it will NOT switch to transparent
mode and continue to interpret data sent on the UART.
Transparent Mode
The LMX9838 supports transparent data communication from
the UART interface to a bluetooth link.
If activated, the module does not interpret the commands on
the UART which normally are used to configure and control
the module. The packages don’t need to be formatted as described in Table 16. Instead all data are directly passed
through the firmware to the active bluetooth link and the remote device.
Transparent mode can only be supported on a point-to-point
connection. To leave Transparent mode, the host must send
a UART_BREAK signal to the module.
Force Master Mode
In Force Master mode tries to act like an access point for
multiple connections. For this it will only accept the link if a
Master/slave role switch is accepted by the connecting device. After successful link establishment the LMX9838 will be
Master and available for additional incoming links. On the first
incoming link the LMX9838 will switch to transparent depending on the setting for automatic or command mode. Additional
links will only be possible if the device is not in transparent
mode.
13.0 Integrated Firmware
The LMX9838 includes the full Bluetooth stack up to RFComm to support the following profiles:
• GAP (Generic Access Profile)
• SDAP (Service Discovery Application Profile)
• SPP (Serial Port Profile)
Figure 4 shows the Bluetooth protocol stack with command
interpreter interface. The command interpreter offers a number of different commands to support the functionality given
by the different profiles. Execution and interface timing is handled by the control application.
The chip has an internal data area in RAM that includes the
parameters shown in Table 14.
13.1.2 Default Connections
The LMX9838 supports the storage of up to 3 devices within
its NVS. Those connections can either be connected after reset or on demand using a specific command.
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13.1.3 Event Filter
The LMX9838 uses events or indicators to notify the host
about successful commands or changes at the bluetooth interface. Depending on the application the LMX9838 can be
configured. The following levels are defined:
• No Events:
– The LMX9838 is not reporting any events. Optimized for
passive cable replacement solutions.
• Standard LMX9838 events:
– Only necessary events will be reported.
• All events:
– Additional to the standard all changes at the physical
layer will be reported.
FIGURE 4. LMX9838 Software Implementation
13.1 FEATURES
13.1.1 Operation Modes
On boot-up, the application configures the module following
the parameters in the data area.
Automatic Operation
No Default Connections Stored:
In Automatic Operation the module is connectable and discoverable and automatically answers to service requests.
The command interpreter listens to commands and links can
be set up. The full command list is supported.
If connected by another device, the module sends an event
back to the host, where the RFComm port has been connected, and switches to transparent mode.
Default Connections Stored:
If default connections were stored on a previous session,
once the LMX9838 is reset, it will attempt to connect each
device stored within the data RAM three times. The host will
be notified about the success of the link setup via a link status
event. Non-Automatic Operation In Non-Automatic Operation, the LMX9838 does not check the default connections
section within the Data RAM. If connected by another device,
it will NOT switch to transparent mode and continue to interpret data sent on the UART.
Non-Automatic Operation
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13.1.4 Default Link Policy
Each Bluetooth Link can be configured to support M/S role
switch, Hold Mode, Sniff Mode and Park Mode. The default
link policy defines the standard setting for incoming and outgoing connections.
13.1.5 Audio Support
The LMX9838 offers commands to establish and release synchronous connections (SCO) to support Headset or Handsfree applications. The firmware supports one active link with
all available package types (HV1, HV2, HV3), routing the audio data between the bluetooth link and the advanced audio
interface. In order to provide the analog data interface, an external audio codec is required. The LMX9838 includes a list
of codecs which can be used.
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LMX9838
TABLE 14. Operation Parameters Stored in LMX9838
Parameter
Default Value
Description
BDADDR
Preprogrammed by National
Local Name
Serial port device
Bluetooth device address
PinCode
0000
Bluetooth PinCode
Operation Mode
Automatic ON
Automatic mode ON or OFF
Default Connections
0
Up to seven default devices to connect to
SDP Database
1 SPP entry:
Name: COM1
Authentication and encryption
enabled
Service discovery database, control for supported profiles
UART Speed
9600
Sets the speed of the physical UART interface to the host
UART Settings
1 Stop bit, parity disabled
Parity and stop bits on the hardware UART interface
Ports to Open
0000 0001
Defines the RFComm ports to open
Link Keys
No link keys
Link keys for paired devices
Security Mode
2
Security mode
Page Scan Mode
Connectable
Connectable/Not connectable for other devices
Inquiry Scan Mode
Discoverable
Discoverable/Not Discoverable/Limited Discoverable for other
devices
Default Link Policy
All modes allowed
Configures modes allowed for incoming or outgoing connections
(Role switch, Hold mode, Sniff mode...)
Default Link Timeout
20 seconds
The Default Link Timeout configures the timeout, after which the
link is assumed lost, if no packages have been received from the
remote device
Event Filter
Standard LMX9838 events reported Defines the level of reporting on the UART
- no events
- standard events
- standard including ACL link events
Default Audio Settings
none
Configures the settings for the external codec and the air format.
• Codecs:
- Winbond W681360
- OKI MSM7717 / Winbond W681310
- PCM Slave
• Air Format:
- CVSD
- µ-Law
- A-Law
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LMX9838
The UART transport layer by default is enabled on device
power up. In order to disable the transport layer the command
“Disable Transport Layer” is used. Thus only the Host side
command interface can disable the transport layer. Enabling
the transport layer is controlled by the HW Wakeup signalling.
This can be done from either the Host or the LMX9838. See
also “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide” for detailed information on timing and implementation requirements.
14.0 Low Power Modes
The LMX9838 supports different Low Power Modes to reduce
power in different operating situations. The modular structure
of the LMX9838 allows the firmware to power down unused
modules.
The Low power modes have influence on:
• UART transport layer
– enabling or disabling the interface
• Bluetooth Baseband activity
– firmware disables LLC and Radio if possible
TABLE 15. Power Mode Activity
Power
Mode
14.1 POWER MODES
The following LMX9838 power modes, which depend on the
activity level of the UART transport layer and the radio activity
are defined:
The radio activity level mainly depends on application requirements and is defined by standard bluetooth operations
like inquiry/page scanning or an active link.
A remote device establishing or disconnecting a link may also
indirectly change the radio activity level.
UART
Activity
Radio
Activity
Reference
Clock
PM0
OFF
OFF
none
PM1
ON
OFF
Main Clock
PM2
OFF
Scanning
Main Clock /
32.768 kHz
PM3
ON
Scanning
Main Clock
PM4
OFF
SPP Link
Main Clock
PM5
ON
SPP Link
Main Clock
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FIGURE 5. Transition between different Hardware Power Modes
In order to save system connections the UART interface is
reconfigured to hardware wakeup functionality. For a detailed
timing and command functionality please see also the
“LMX9838 Software User’s Guide”. The interface between
host and LMX9838 is defined as described in Figure 6.
14.2 ENABLING AND DISABLING UART TRANSPORT
14.2.1 Hardware Wakeup Functionality
In certain usage scenarios the host is able to switch off the
transport layer of the LMX9838 in order to reduce power consumption. Afterwards both devices, host and LMX9838 are
able to shut down their UART interfaces.
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14
The LMX9838 offers Bluetooth functionality in either a self
contained slave functionality or over a simple command interface. The interface is listening on the UART interface.
The following sections describe the protocol transported on
the UART interface between the LMX9838 and the host in
command mode (see Figure 7). In Transparent mode, no data
framing is necessary and the device does not listen for commands.
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15.1 FRAMING
The connection is considered “Error free”. But for packet
recognition and synchronization, some framing is used.
All packets sent in both directions are constructed per the
model shown in Table 16.
FIGURE 6. UART NULL Modem Connection
14.2.2 Disabling the UART transport layer
The Host can disable the UART transport layer by sending
the “Disable Transport Layer” Command. The LMX9838 will
empty its buffers, send the confirmation event and disable its
UART interface. Afterwards the UART interface will be reconfigured to wake up on a falling edge of the CTS pin.
15.1.1 Start and End Delimiter
The “STX” char is used as start delimiter: STX = 0x02. ETX =
0x03 is used as end delimiter.
14.2.3 LMX9838 enabling the UART interface
As the Transport Layer can be disabled in any situation the
LMX9838 must first make sure the transport layer is enabled
before sending data to the host. Possible scenarios can be
incoming data or incoming link indicators. If the UART is not
enabled the LMX9838 assumes that the Host is sleeping and
waking it up by activating RTS. To be able to react on that
Wake up, the host has to monitor the CTS pin.
As soon as the host activates its RTS pin, the LMX9838 will
first send a confirmation event and then start to transmit the
events.
15.1.2 Packet Type ID
This byte identifies the type of packet. See Table 17 for details.
15.1.3 Opcode
The opcode identifies the command to execute. The opcode
values can be found within the “LMX9838 Software User’s
Guide” included within the LMX9838 Evaluation Board.
15.1.4 Data Length
Number of bytes in the Packet Data field. The maximum size
is defined with 333 data bytes per packet.
14.2.4 Enabling the UART transport layer from the host
If the host needs to send data or commands to the LMX9838
while the UART Transport Layer is disabled it must first assume that the LMX9838 is sleeping and wake it up using its
RTS signal. When the LMX9838 detects the Wake-Up signal
it activates the UART HW and acknowledges the Wake-Up
signal by settings its RTS. Additionally the Wake up will be
confirmed by a confirmation event. When the Host has received this “Transport Layer Enabled” event, the LMX9838 is
ready to receive commands.
15.1.5 Checksum:
This is a simple Block Check Character (BCC) checksum of
the bytes “Packet type”, “Opcode” and “Data Length”. The
BCC checksum is calculated as low byte of the sum of all
bytes (e.g., if the sum of all bytes is 0x3724, the checksum is
0x24).
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FIGURE 7. Bluetooth Functionality
TABLE 16. Package Framing
Start
Delimiter
Packet
Type ID
Opcode
Data
Length
Check
sum
Packet
Data
End
Delimiter
1 Byte
1 Byte
1 Byte
2 Bytes
1 Byte
<Data Length>
Bytes
1 Byte
- - - - - - - - - - - - - Checksum - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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LMX9838
15.0 Command Interface
LMX9838
TABLE 17. Packet Type Identification
ID
Direction
Description
0x52
'R'
REQUEST
(REQ)
A request sent to the Bluetooth module.
All requests are answered by exactly one confirm.
0x43
'C'
Confirm
(CFM)
The Bluetooth modules confirm to a request.
All requests are answered by exactly one confirm.
0x69
'i'
Indication
(IND)
Information sent from the Bluetooth module that is not a direct confirm to a request.
Indicating status changes, incoming links, or unrequested events.
0x72
'r'
Response
(RES)
An optional response to an indication.
This is used to respond to some type of indication message.
• Set up and handle links
Table 18 through Table 28 show the actual command set and
the events coming back from the device. A full documented
description of the commands can be found in the “LMX9838
Software User’s Guide”.
15.2 COMMAND SET OVERVIEW
The LMX9838 has a well defined command set to:
• Configure the device:
— Hardware settings
— Local Bluetooth parameters
— Service database
Note: For standard Bluetooth operation only commands from Table 18
through Table 20 will be used. Most of the remaining commands are
for configuration purposes only.
TABLE 18. Device Discovery
Command
Inquiry
Remote Device Name
Event
Description
Inquiry Complete
Search for devices
Device Found
Lists BDADDR and class of device
Remote Device Name Confirm
Get name of remote device
TABLE 19. SDAP Client Commands
Command
Event
Description
SDAP Connect
SDAP Connect Confirm
Create an SDP connection to remote device
SDAP Disconnect
SDAP Disconnect Confirm
Disconnect an active SDAP link
Connection Lost
Notification for lost SDAP link
SDAP Service Browse
Service Browse Confirm
Get the services of the remote device
SDAP Service Search
SDAP Service Search Confirm
Search a specific service on a remote device
SDAP Attribute Request
SDAP Attribute Request Confirm
Searches for services with specific attributes
TABLE 20. SPP Link Establishment
Command
Establish SPP Link
Event
Description
Establishing SPP Link Confirm
Initiates link establishment to a remote device
Link Established
Link successfully established
Incoming Link
A remote device established a link to the local device
Set Link Timeout
Set Link Timeout Confirm
Confirms the Supervision Timeout for the existing Link
Get Link Timeout
Get Link Timeout Confirm
Get the Supervision Timeout for the existing Link
Release SPP Link
Release SPP Link Confirm
Initiate release of SPP link
SPP Send Data
SPP Send Data Confirm
Send data to specific SPP port
Incoming Data
Incoming data from remote device
Transparent Mode Confirm
Switch to Transparent mode on the UART
Transparent Mode
TABLE 21. Storing Default Connections
Command
Event
Description
Connect Default Connection
Connect Default Connection Confirm
Connects to either one or all stored default connections
Store Default Connection
Store Default Connection Confirm
Store device as default connection
Get list of Default Connections
List of Default Devices
Delete Default Connections
Delete Default Connections Confirm
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16
Command
Event
Description
Set Default Link Policy
Set Default Link Policy Confirm
Defines the link policy used for any incoming or outgoing link
Get Default Link Policy
Get Default Link Policy Confirm
Returns the stored default link policy
Set Link Policy
Set Link Policy Confirm
Defines the modes allowed for a specific link
Get Link Policy
Get Link Policy Confirm
Returns the actual link policy for the link
Enter Sniff Mode
Enter Sniff Mode Confirm
Exit Sniff Mode
Exit Sniff Mode Confirm
Enter Hold Mode
Enter Hold Mode Confirm
Power Save Mode Changed
Remote device changed power save mode on the link
TABLE 23. Audio Control Commands
Command
Establish SCO Link
Event
Description
Establish SCO Link Confirm
Establish SCO Link on existing RFComm Link
SCO Link Established Indicator
A remote device has established a SCO link to the local
device
Release SCO Link Confirm
Release SCO Link Audio Control
SCO Link Released Indicator
SCO Link has been released
Change SCO Packet Type Confirm
Changes Packet Type for existing SCO link
SCO Packet Type changed indicator
SCO Packet Type has been changed
Set Audio Settings
Set Audio Settings Confirm
Set Audio Settings for existing Link
Get Audio Settings
Get Audio Settings Confirm
Get Audio Settings for existing Link
Set Volume
Set Volume Confirm
Configure the volume
Get Volume
Get Volume Confirm
Get current volume setting
Mute
Mute Confirm
Mutes the microphone input
Release SCO Link
Change SCO Packet Type
TABLE 24. Wake Up Functionality
Command
Disable Transport Layer
Event
Description
Transport Layer Enabled
Disabling the UART Transport Layer and activates the
Hardware Wakeup function
TABLE 25. SPP Port Configuration and Status
Command
Event
Description
Set Port Config
Set Port Config Confirm
Set port setting for the virtual serial port link over the air
Get Port Config
Get Port Config Confirm
Read the actual port settings for a virtual serial port
Port Config Changed
Notification if port settings were changed from remote device
SPP Get Port Status
SPP Get Port Status Confirm
Returns status of DTR, RTS (for the active RFComm link)
SPP Port Set DTR
SPP Port Set DTR Confirm
Sets the DTR bit on the specified link
SPP Port Set RTS
SPP Port Set RTS Confirm
Sets the RTS bit on the specified link
SPP Port BREAK
SPP Port BREAK
Indicates that the host has detected a break
SPP Port Overrun Error
SPP Port Overrun Error Confirm
Used to indicate that the host has detected an overrun error
SPP Port Parity Error
SPP Port Parity Error Confirm
Host has detected a parity error
SPP Port Framing Error
SPP Port Framing Error Confirm
Host has detected a framing error
SPP Port Status Changed
Indicates that remote device has changed one of the port
status bits
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LMX9838
TABLE 22. Bluetooth Low Power Modes
LMX9838
TABLE 26. Local Bluetooth Settings
Command
Event
Description
Read Local Name
Read Local Name Confirm
Read actual friendly name of the device
Write Local Name
Write Local Name Confirm
Set the friendly name of the device
Read Local BDADDR
Read Local BDADDR Confirm
Change Local BDADDR
Change Local BDADDR Confirm Note: The BDADDR is programmed by NSC. It can not be retrieved if
erased!
Store Class of Device
Store Class of Device Confirm
Set Scan Mode
Set Scan Mode Confirm
Change mode for discoverability and connectability
Set Scan Mode Indication
Reports end of Automatic limited discoverable mode
Get Fixed Pin
Get Fixed Pin Confirm
Reads current PinCode stored within the device
Set Fixed Pin
Set Fixed Pin Confirm
Set the local PinCode
PIN request
a PIN code is requested during authentication of an ACL link
Get Security Mode
Get Security Mode Confirm
Get actual Security mode
Set Security Mode
Set Security Mode Confirm
Configure Security mode for local device (default 2)
Remove Pairing
Remove Pairing Confirm
Remove pairing with a remote device
List Paired Devices
List of Paired Devices
Get list of paired devices stored in the LMX9838 data memory
Set Default Link Timeout Set Default Link Timeout Confirm Store default link supervision timeout
Get Default Link Timeout Get Default Link Timeout Confirm Get stored default link supervision timeout
Force Master Role
Force Master Role Confirm
Enables/Disables the request for master role at incoming connections
TABLE 27. Local Service Database Configuration
Command
Event
Description
Store generic SDP Record
Store SDP Record Confirm
Create a new service record within the service database
Enable SDP Record
Enable SDP Record Confirm
Enable or disable SDP records
Delete All SDP Records
Delete All SDP Records Confirm
Ports to Open
Ports to Open Confirmed
Specify the RFComm Ports to open on startup
TABLE 28. Local Hardware Commends
Command
Event
Description
Set Default Audio Settings
Set Default Audio Settings Confirm
Configure Default Settings for Audio Codec and Air Format,
stored in NVS
Get Default Audio Settings
Get Default Audio Settings Confirm
Get stored Default Audio Settings
Set Event Filter
Set Event Filter Confirm
Configures the reporting level of the command interface
Get Event Filter
Get Event Filter Confirm
Get the status of the reporting level
Read RSSI
Read RSSI Confirm
Returns an indicator for the incoming signal strength
Change UART Speed
Change UART Speed Confirm
Set specific UART speed; needs proper ISEL pin setting
Change UART Settings
Change UART Settings Confirm
Change configuration for parity and stop bits
Test Mode
Test Mode Confirm
Enable Bluetooth, EMI test, or local loopback
Restore Factory Settings
Restore Factory Settings Confirm
Reset
Dongle Ready
Soft reset
Firmware Upgrade
Stops the bluetooth firmware and executes the In-systemprogramming code
Set Clock Frequency
Set Clock Frequency Confirm
Write Clock Frequency setting in the NVS
Get Clock Frequency
Get Clock Frequency Confirm
Read Clock Frequency setting from the NVS
Set PCM Slave Configuration Set PCM Slave Configuration Confirm Write the PCM Slave Configuration in the NVS
Write ROM Patch
Write ROM Patch Confirm
Store ROM Patch in the Simply Blue module
Read Memory
Read Memory Confirm
Read from the internal RAM
Write Memory
Write Memory Confirm
Write to the internal RAM
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18
Event
LMX9838
Command
Description
Read NVS
Read NVS Confirm
Read from the NVS (EEPROM)
Write NVS
Write NVS Confirm
Write to the NVS (EEPROM)
TABLE 29. Initialization Commands
Command
Event
Description
Set Clock and Baudrate
Set Clock and Baudrate Confirm
Write Baseband frequency and Baudrate used
Enter Bluetooth Mode
Enter Bluetooth Mode Confirm
Request SimplyBlue module to enter BT mode
Set Clock and Baudrate
Set Clock and Baudrate Confirm
Write Baseband frequency and Baudrate used
TABLE 30. GPIO Control Commands
Command
Event
Description
Set GPIO WPU
Set GPIO WPU Confirm
Enable/Disable weak pull up resistor on GPIOs
Get GPIO Input State
Get GPIO Input States Confirm
Read the status of the GPIOs
Set GPIO Direction
Set GPIO Direction Confirm
Set the GPIOs direction (Input, Ouput)
Set GPIO Output High
Set GPIO Output High Confirm
Set GPIOs Output to logical High
Set GPIO Output Low
Set GPIO Output Low Confirm
Set GPIOs Output to logical Low
16.1 FILTERED POWER SUPPLY
It is important to provide the LMX9838 with adequate ground
planes and a filtered power supply. It is highly recommended
that a 2.2 μF and a 100 nF bypass capacitor be placed as
close as possible to the power supply pins VCC, MVCC, and
VCC_IO.
16.0 Application Notes
The different possibilities to power supply the LMX9838 depend on the IO interface logic level.
Figure 8 represents an example of system functional
schematic for the LMX9838 using a 3.0V to 3.3V IO interface.
Figure 9 represents an example of system functional
schematic for the LMX9838 using a 2.5V to 3.0V IO interface.
Figure 10 represents an example of system functional
schematic for the LMX9838 using a 1.8V to 2.5V IO interface.
Figure 11 represents an example of system functional
schematic for the LMX9838 using a 1.8V IO interface.
16.2 FREQUENCY AND BAUDRATE SELECTION
OP3, OP4, OP5 can be strapped to the host logic 0 and 1
levels to set the host interface boot-up configuration. Alternatively all OP3, OP4, OP5 can be hardwired over 1k Ohm
pullup/pulldown resistors. See Table 10.
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Notes:
Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification.
FIGURE 8. 3.0V to 3.3V Example Functional System Schematic
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LMX9838
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Notes:
Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification.
MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Table 8.
FIGURE 9. 2.5V to 3.0V Example Functional System Schematic
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Notes:
Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification.
MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Table 8.
FIGURE 10. 1.8V to 2.5V Example Functional System Schematic
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LMX9838
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Notes:
Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification.
MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Table 8.
FIGURE 11. 1.8V Example Functional System Schematic
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FIGURE 12.
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LMX9838
17.0 Evaluation Design
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22
The LMX9838 bumps are designed to melt as part of the Surface Mount Assembly (SMA) process. In order to ensure
reflow of all solder bumps and maximum solder joint reliability
while minimizing damage to the package, recommended reflow profiles should be used.
TABLE 31. Soldering Details
Parameter
Value
PCB Land Pad Diameter
13 mil
PCB Solder Mask Opening
19 mil
PCB Finish (HASL details)
Defined by customer or manufacturing facility
Stencil Aperture
17 mil
Stencil Thickness
5 mil
Solder Paste Used
Defined by customer or manufacturing facility
Flux Cleaning Process
Defined by customer or manufacturing facility
Reflow Profiles
See Figure 13
TABLE 32. Classification Reflow Profiles (Note 25), (Note 26)
Profile Feature
NOPB Assembly
Average Ramp-Up Rate (TsMAX to Tp)
3°C/second maximum
Preheat:
Temperature Min (TsMIN)
Temperature Max (TsMAX)
Time (tsMIN to tsMAX)
150°C
200°C
60 – 180 seconds
Time maintained above:
Temperature (TL)
Time (tL)
217°C
60 – 150 seconds
Peak/Classification Temperature (Tp)
250 + 0°C
Time within 5°C of actual Peak Temperature (tp)
20 – 40 seconds
Ramp-Down Rate
6°C/second maximum
Time 25 °C to Peak Temperature
8 minutes maximum
Reflow Profiles
See Figure 13
Note 25: See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, July 2004.
Note 26: All temperatures refer to the top side of the package, measured on the package body surface.
30027912
FIGURE 13. Typical Reflow Profiles
23
www.national.com
LMX9838
Table 31, Table 32 and Figure 13 provide the soldering details
required to properly solder the LMX9838 to standard PCBs.
The illustration serves only as a guide and National is not liable if a selected profile does not work.
See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, July 2004 for more information.
18.0 Soldering
LMX9838
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful Interference in a residential installation This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if Not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful Interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular Installation. If this equipment
does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and
receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet of a circuit different
from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician
for assistance.
Changes or modification not expressly approved by the party
responsible for Compliance could void the user’s authority to
operate the equipment. Connecting of peripherals requires
the use of grounded shielded signal cables.
19.0 FCC Instructions
19.1 SAFETY INFORMATION FOR RF EXPOSURE
19.1.1 FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits
set forth for an uncontrolled environment. End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance.
This device is intended only form OEM integrators under the
following conditions:
1. The antenna must be installed such that 20 cm is
maintained between the antenna and users;
and
2. The transmitter module may not be co-located with any
other transmitter or antenna.
IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can
not be met (for example certain laptop configurations or colocation with another transmitter), then the FCC authorization
is no longer considered valid and the FCC ID can not be used
on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsible for re-evaluating the end product
(including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC authorization.
19.2.2 FCC Compliance Information
This device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2. This device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
19.1.2 End Product Labeling
This transmitter module is authorized only for use in devices
where the antenna may be installed such that 20 cm may be
maintained between the antenna and users. The final end
product must be labeled in visible area with the following:
“Contains TX FCC ID: ED9LMX9838”
20.0 Top Marking
19.1.3 End Product Manual Information
The user manual for end users must include the following information in a prominent location:
“IMPORTANT NOTE:
To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements,
the antenna used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons
and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with
any other antenna or transmitter.”
19.2 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT
19.2.1 Information To The User
NOTE : This equipment has been tested and found to comply
with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15
of the FCC Rules.
www.national.com
30027922
FIGURE 14.
24
LMX9838
21.0 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
NS Package Number SB70A
25
www.national.com
LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port Module
Notes
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