BF P760 High Gain and Hi gh Linea rit y Low Nois e A mplifier fo r 2.4 G Hz WLA N Applic atio n N ote A N 310 Revision: Rev.1.0 2013-02-28 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2013-02-28 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2013 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Application Note AN310 Revision History: 2013-02-28 Previous Revision: Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 3 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN List of Content, Figures and Tables Table of Content ® 1 About Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi ) / Wireless LAN (WLAN) ............................................................... 5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 BFP760 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 7 Features ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Key Applications of BFP760 ................................................................................................................. 7 Description ........................................................................................................................................... 8 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Application Circuit and Performance Overview .............................................................................. 9 Summary of Measurement Results ...................................................................................................... 9 BFP760 as Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN .......................................................................... 10 Schematics and Bill-of-Materials ........................................................................................................ 11 4 Measurement Graphs ...................................................................................................................... 12 5 Evaluation Board and Layout Information .................................................................................... 19 6 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 21 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 ® 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11b/g/n/a/c/ac) Front-End ...................................... 5 BFP760 in SOT343 .............................................................................................................................. 7 Package and pin connections of BFP760 ............................................................................................ 8 Schematics of the BFP760 Application Circuit ................................................................................... 11 Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ........................................................ 12 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ....................................... 12 Noise Figure of BFP760 LNA for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz ................................................................................. 13 Reverse Isolation of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .............................................................. 13 Input Matching of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .................................................................. 14 Input Matching of 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) .................................................. 14 Output Matching of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ............................................................... 15 Output Matching of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) ......................................... 15 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .............................................. 16 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ........................................... 16 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP760 Circuit ......................................................................... 17 rd Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFP760 at 2440 MHz ................................................................. 17 Off mode Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ........................................ 18 Off mode input 1dB compression point of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ............................ 18 Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (overview) <PCB Marking Myymmdd Rev. x.x> ......................... 19 Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (detailed view) ............................................................................. 19 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ................................... 20 PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 20 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Pin Assignment of BFP760 .................................................................................................................. 8 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature) .................................................................................. 9 Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 11 Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 4 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN About Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) / Wireless LAN (WLAN) 1 About Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) / Wireless LAN (WLAN) Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) or well-known as wireless LAN (WLAN) plays a major role in today’s communications by enabling constant connection in the 2.4 GHz and broadband Internet access for users with laptops or devices equipped with wireless network interface while roaming within the range of fixed access points (AP) or a public hotspot. Different applications like home entertainment with wireless high-quality multimedia signal transmission, home networking notebooks, mass data storages and printers implement 2.4 GHz into their system for wireless connectivity. For this kind of high-speed high data rate wireless communication standards it is essential to ensure the quality of the link path. Major performance criteria of these equipments have to be fulfilled: sensitivity, strong signal capability and interference immunity. Below a general application diagram of a WLAN system is shown. Figure 1 ® 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11b/g/n/a/c/ac) Front-End In order to increase the system sensitivity, an excellent low noise amplifier (LNA) in front of the receiver is mandatory, especially in an environment with very weak signal strength and because of the insertion loss of the single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch and the Bandpass Filter (BPF) or diplexer. The typical allowed receiver chain Noise Figure (NF) of approx. 2 dB can only be achieved by using a high-gain low noise amplifier (LNA). Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 5 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN About Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) / Wireless LAN (WLAN) In addition, strong signal environment can exist when the equipment is next to a transmitter. In that case, the LNA must be linear enough, i.e. have high 1dB compression point. This avoids saturation, degradation of the gain and increased noise figure. This application note is focusing on the LNA block, but Infineon does also support with RFswitches, TVS-diodes for ESD protection and RF Schottky diodes for power detection. - Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 6 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN BFP760 Overview 2 BFP760 Overview 2.1 Features Very low noise amplifier based on Infineon´s reliable, high volume SiGe:C technology. High linearity OIP3 = 27 dBm @ 5.5 GHz, 3 V, 30 mA. High transition frequency fT = 45 GHz @ 1 GHz, 3 V, 35mA. NFmin = 0.95 dB @ 5.5 GHz, 3 V, 10 mA, Transducer gain |S21|2 = 16 dB @ 3.5 GHz, 3 V, 10 mA. Low power consumption, ideal for mobile applications. Easy to use Pb-free (RoHS compliant) and halogen-free standard package with visible leads Qualification report according to AEC-Q101 available. 2.2 Figure 2 BFP760 in SOT343 Key Applications of BFP760 As Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) in Mobile and fixed connectivity applications: WLAN 802.11a/b/c/g/n, WiMAX 2.5/3.5 GHz, Bluetooth Satellite communication systems: Navigation systems (GPS, Glonass), satellite radio (SDARs, DAB) and C-band LNB Multimedia applications such as mobile/portable TV, CATV, FM Radio UMTS/LTE mobile phone applications ISM applications like RKE, AMR and Zigbee, as well as for emerging wireless applications As discrete active mixer, buffer amplifier in VCOs Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 7 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN BFP760 Overview 2.3 Description The BFP760 is a linear low noise wideband NPN bipolar RF transistor. The device is based on Infineon’s reliable high volume silicon germanium carbon (SiGe:C) heterojunction bipolar technology. The collector design supports voltages up to VCEO = 4.0 V and currents up to IC = 70 mA. With its high linearity at currents as low as 10 mA the device supports energy efficient designs. The typical transit frequency is approximately 45 GHz. The device is housed in an easy to use plastic SOT-343 package with visible leads. B 1 4 E XYs E 2 3 C BFP760 Figure 3 Table 1 Package and pin definations of BFP760 Pin Assignment of BFP760 Pin No. Symbol Function 1 B Transitor base 2 E Transitor emitter 3 C Transitor collector 4 E Transitor emitter Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 8 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Application Circuit and Performance Overview 3 Application Circuit and Performance Overview Device: Application: BFP760 High Gain and High Linearity Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN PCB Marking: M130125 V1.4e 3.1 Summary of Measurement Results Table 2 Electrical Characteristics (at room temperature) Parameter Symbol Value Unit Comment/Test Condition Frequency Range Freq 2.4-2.5 DC Voltage Vcc 3.0 V DC Current Icc 14.5 mA Gain (on mode) Gon 16.7 dB Gain (off mode) Goff -16.3 dB Noise Figure NF 0.92 dB RLin 13 dB RLout 13 dB IRev 24.2 dB Input P1dB (On mode) IP1dBon -9.7 dBm Input P1dB (Off mode) IP1dBoff >10 Output P1dB(On mode) OP1dBon 7 dBm Input IP3 IIP3 -0.2 dBm Power @ Input: -30 dBm f1= 2440 MHz, f2= 2441 MHz Output IP3 OIP3 16.5 dBm Power @ Input: -30 dBm f1= 2440 MHz, f2= 2441 MHz k ≥ 1.0 -- Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Reverse Isolation Stability Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 GHz 9 / 22 SMA and PCB losses (~0.06 dB) are subtracted Stability measured from 10MHz to 15GHz 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Application Circuit and Performance Overview 3.2 BFP760 as Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN This application note presents the high gain low noise amplifier using BFP760 for 2.4 GHz WLAN applications. The circuit requires only nine 0402 passive components. It has in band gain of 16.7dB. The circuit achieves an input and output return loss more than 12 dB. The noise figure is about 0.92 dB (SMA and PCB losses are subtracted) for the whole frequency band. Furthermore, the circuit is unconditionally stable till 15 GHz. At 2440 MHz, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the output third order intercept point OIP3 reaches 16.5 dBm. Input 1dB compression point IP1dB of -9.7 dBm. The off mode gain is about -16 dB. The input P1dB compression in the off-mode for the whole frequency range is more than 10 dBm. Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 10 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Application Circuit and Performance Overview 3.3 Schematics and Bill-of-Materials Vcc = 3.0 V (on mode) Vcc = 0 V (off mode) All passives are “0402“ case size L1 & L2: LQG Series Capacitors: various J3 DC Connector I = 14.5 mA R3 30 Ω C2 39 pF R1 J1 RF Port1 INPUT C1 33 kΩ R2 82 Ω Q1 BFP760 R4 C3 L2 2.2 Ω 2.7 nH 1.8 pF J2 RF Port2 OUTPUT 1.8 pF L1 2 nH A proper RF grounding is required to ensure the LNA performance. Please refer to Chapter 5 for the layout proposal. PCB = M100511 0.4 mm EDG BFP760 PCB Board Material = FR4 Layer spacing (top RF to internal ground plane): 0.2 mm Figure 4 Table 3 Symbol Total Component Count = 10 Including BFP760 transistor Inductors = 2 (LQG series) Resistors = 4 Capacitors = 3 Schematics of the BFP760 Application Circuit Bill-of-Materials Value Unit Size Manufacturer Comment C1 1.8 pF 0402 Various Input DC block & input matching C2 39 pF 0402 Various RF decoupling / blocking cap C3 1.8 pF 0402 Various L1 2 nH 0402 Murata LQG series Output DC block & output matching Input matching L2 2.7 nH 0402 Murata LQG series Output matching R1 33 kΩ 0402 Various DC biasing R2 82 Ω 0402 Various Stability improvement R3 30 Ω 0402 Various R4 2.2 Ω 0402 Various R4 18 kΩ 0402 Various DC biasing (provides DC negative feedback to stabilize DC operating point over temperature variation, transistor hFE variation, etc.) Stability improvement and output matching Bypass mode DC biasing Q1 Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 SOT343 Infineon Technologies BFP760 SiGe: C Heterojunction Bipolar RF Transistor 11 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Measurement Graphs 4 Measurement Graphs Insertion Power Gain In Band 18 2.40 GHz 16.74 dB 17 2.50 GHz 16.28 dB 2.45 GHz 16.53 dB 16 15 14 13 12 2 Figure 5 2.2 2.4 2.6 Frequency (GHz) 2.8 3 Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Insertion Power Gain WideBand 20 2.45 GHz 16.53 dB 2.40 GHz 16.74 dB 10 2.50 GHz 16.28 dB 0 -10 -20 0.1 Figure 6 2.1 4.1 Frequency (GHz) 6.1 8 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 12 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Measurement Graphs Noise Figure 1 2.4 GHz 0.94 dB 0.96 2.45 GHz 0.92 dB 2.5 GHz 0.91 dB 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.8 2.4 Figure 7 2.42 2.44 2.46 Frequency (GHz) 2.48 2.5 2.8 3 Noise Figure of BFP760 LNA for 2.4 - 2.5 GHz Reverse Isolation -10 -15 2.40 GHz -24.20 dB -20 2.50 GHz -24.12 dB -25 2.45 GHz -24.14 dB -30 -35 -40 2 Figure 8 2.2 2.4 2.6 Frequency (GHz) Reverse Isolation of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 13 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Measurement Graphs Input Matching 0 -5 2.50 GHz -12.11 dB 2.40 GHz -13.62 dB -10 -15 2.45 GHz -13.03 dB -20 2 Figure 9 2.2 2.4 2.6 Frequency (GHz) 2.8 3 Input Matching of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Swp Max 3GHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Input Matching Smith Chart 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 2.40 GHz r 1.32 x -0.37 2 -0. 2.50 GHz r 0.96 x -0.50 -1.0 -0.8 .0 -2 -3 .0 -0 .6 -4 .0 -5. 0 .4 -0 Figure 10 10.0 -10.0 0 0.2 0.2 2.45 GHz r 1.13 x -0.47 Swp Min 2GHz Input Matching of 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 14 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Measurement Graphs Output Matching 0 -5 2.5 GHz -12.39 dB -10 2.4 GHz -14.66 dB -15 2.469 GHz -13.11 dB -20 2 Figure 11 2.2 2.4 2.6 Frequency (GHz) 2.8 3 Output Matching of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Swp Max 3GHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Output Matching Smith Chart 0 3. 0. 4 2.50 GHz r 0.90 x 0.46 2.40 GHz r 0.79 x 0.26 0 4. 5.0 0.2 10.0 5.0 4.0 2.45 GHz r 0.84 x 0.36 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 0.2 10.0 -10.0 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 Figure 12 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Swp Min 2GHz Output Matching of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 15 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Measurement Graphs Stability k factor 5 4 3 2.19 GHz 1.251 2 1 0 0.1 5.1 10.1 15 Frequency (GHz) Figure 13 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Stability Mu factor2 3 Mu1 factor 2.5 Mu2 factor 2 1.5 1 8.58 GHz 1.07 0.43 GHz 1.01 0.5 0 0.01 5.01 10.01 15 Frequency (GHz) Figure 14 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 16 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Measurement Graphs Input P1dB Compression Point 20 Gain [dB] 18 -30 dBm 16.27 dB -9.687 dBm 15.27 dB 16 14 12 10 -30 Figure 15 -25 -20 -15 -10 Input Power [dBm] -5 0 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP760 Circuit Output 3rd Order Intercept Point 0 2.441 GHz -13.46 2.44 GHz -13.5 -20 -40 2.442 GHz -73.43 2.439 GHz -73.13 -60 -80 -100 -120 2.438 Figure 16 2.439 2.44 2.441 Frequency (GHz) 2.442 2.443 rd Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFP760 at 2440 MHz Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 17 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Measurement Graphs Off Mode Insertion Power Gain -5 -10 2.45 GHz -16.25 dB -15 2.4 GHz -16.85 dB -20 2.5 GHz -15.7 dB -25 2 Figure 17 2.2 2.4 2.6 Frequency (GHz) 2.8 3 Off mode Insertion Power Gain of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Off mode input P1dB compression Point -10 -30 dBm -16.27 Gain [dB] -15 9.913 dBm -15.91 -20 -25 -30 Figure 18 -20 -10 Input Power [dBm] 0 10 Off mode input 1dB compression point of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 18 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Evaluation Board and Layout Information 5 Evaluation Board and Layout Information In this application note, the following PCB is used: PCB Marking: M130125 V1.4e PCB material: FR4 r of PCB material:4.3 (FR4) Figure 19 Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (overview) <PCB Marking Myymmdd Rev. x.x> Figure 20 Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (detailed view) Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 19 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Evaluation Board and Layout Information Figure 21 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 2.4 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 Vias FR4 Core, 0.2mm Copper 35µm Figure 22 FR4 Prepreg, 0.8mm PCB Layer Information Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 20 / 22 2013-02-28 BFP760 Low Noise Amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN Authors 6 Authors Moakhkhrul Islam, Application Engineer, Technical Marketing RF of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer, Technical Marketing RF of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Application Note AN310, Rev.1.0 21 / 22 2013-02-28 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN310