BF R84 0L3 RH E SD Low N oise A mpli fier with BF R84 0L3 RH E SD fo r 5 to 6 G Hz WLA N Inc luding 2. 4 G Hz Reje c tion using 020 1 S MDs Applic atio n N ote A N 290 Revision: Rev. 1.0 2012-06-06 RF and P r otecti on D evic es Edition 2012-06-06 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2012 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. 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BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Application Note AN290 Revision History: 2012-06-06 Previous Revision: No previous revision Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 3 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection List of Content, Figures and Tables Table of Content 1 1.1 1.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 ® Wi-Fi ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Device Overview: BFR840L3RHESD .................................................................................................. 6 2 5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4 GHz Rejection using BFR840L3RHESD ...................................... 7 3 Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 8 4 Summary of Measurement Results .................................................................................................. 8 5 Schematics ......................................................................................................................................... 9 6 Measured Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 11 7 Evaluation Board and Layout Information .................................................................................... 18 8 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 20 9 Remark .............................................................................................................................................. 20 List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 ® 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) Front-End 5 Schematic Diagram of the used Circuit ................................................................................................ 9 Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ....................................... 11 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ...................... 11 Noise Figure of BFR840L3RHESD LNA for 5100 - 5900 MHz .......................................................... 12 Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ............................................. 12 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ................................................. 13 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD (Smith Chart) ........................... 13 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD .............................................. 14 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD (Smith Chart) ........................ 14 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ............................. 15 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD .......................... 15 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFR840L3RHESD Circuit at 5500 MHz .................................. 16 rd Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFR840L3RHESD at 5500 MHz ................................................ 16 OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ............ 17 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFR840L3RHESD Circuit at 2500 MH .................................... 17 Photo of the BFR840L3RHESD 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board .......................................... 18 Zoom-In on the BFR840L3RHESD 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ..................................... 18 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD .................. 19 PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 19 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Summary of Measurement Results ...................................................................................................... 8 Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 10 Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 4 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Wi-Fi® Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) plays a major role in today’s communications by enabling constant connection in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and broadband Internet access for users with laptops or devices equipped with wireless network interface while roaming within the range of fixed access points (AP) or a public hotspot. Different applications like home entertainment with wireless high-quality multimedia signal transmission, home networking notebooks, mass data storages and printers implement 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi® into their system to offer high-speed wireless connectivity. When wider coverage areas are needed and especially when a higher order modulation scheme is used such as in emerging very high throughput wireless specifications like 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (256QAM) in IEEE 802.11ac, the SNR requirements for both the AP and the client are more stringent. For this kind of high-speed high data rate wireless communication standards it is essential to ensure the quality of the link path. Major performance criteria of these equipments have to be fulfilled: sensitivity, strong signal capability and interference immunity. Below a general application diagram of a WLAN system is shown. WLAN/WiMAX: 4.9 – 5.9 GHz BPF LNA SPDT Switch Power Detector BPF PA WLAN/ WiMAX Transceiver IC ESD Diode Figure 1 ® 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) FrontEnd Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 5 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Introduction In order to increase the system sensitivity, an excellent low noise amplifier (LNA) in front of the receiver is mandatory, especially in an environment with very weak signal strength and because of the insertion loss of the SPDT switch and the Bandpass Filter (BPF) or diplexer. The typical allowed receiver chain Noise Figure (NF) of approx. 2 dB can only be achieved by using a high-gain low noise amplifier. In addition, strong signal environment can exist when the equipment is next to a transmitter. In that case, the LNA must be linear enough, i.e. have high 1dB compression point. This avoids saturation, degradation of the gain and increased noise figure. This application note is focusing on the LNA block, but Infineon does also support with RFswitches, TVS-diodes for ESD protection and RF Schottky diodes for power detection. 1.2 Device Overview: BFR840L3RHESD The BFR840L3RHESD is a discrete hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) specifically designed for high performance 5 GHz band low noise amplifier (LNA) solutions for Wi-Fi connectivity applications. It combines the 80 GHz fT silicon-germanium:carbide (SiGe:C) B9HFM process with special device geometry engineering to reduce the parasitic capacitance between substrate and transistor that degrades high-frequency characteristics, resulting in an inherent input matching and a major improvement in power gain 5 GHz band together with a low noise figure performance that is industry's best. The BFR840L3RHESD has an integrated 1.5kV HBM ESD protection which makes the device robust against electrostatic discharge and extreme RF input power. The device offers its high performance at low current and voltage and is especially well-suited for portable battery powered applications in which energy efficiency is a key requirement. The BFR840L3RHESD is housed in low-height 0.31mm TSLP-3-9 package specially fitting into modules. Further variants are available in industry standard visible-leads SOT343 package (BFP840ESD) and in flat-leads TSFP-4-1 package (BFP840FESD). Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 6 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection 5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4 GHz Rejection using BFR840L3RHESD 2 5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4 GHz Rejection using BFR840L3RHESD This application note presents the measurement results of the Low Noise Amplifier using BFR840L3RHESD for 5100 MHz to 5900 MHz WLAN applications. The circuit schematic shown in Figure 2 doesn’t require any external input matching elements. High rejection at 2.4 GHz band is achieved using a LC notch filter at the input of the LNA. It requires 10 passive 0201 size SMD components and brings gain from 14.9 dB to 14.4 dB over the frequency band. The noise figure varies from 1.08 dB to 1.03 dB (SMA and PCB losses are subtracted) over the complete frequency band. Moreover, 1dB compression point IP1dB at 2.4 - 2.5 GHz band is more than 0 dBm at input. The circuit achieves an input and output return loss of 11 dB. Furthermore, the circuit is unconditionally stable from 10 MHz to 11 GHz. At 5.5 GHz, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the output third intercept point OIP3 reaches 16.3 dBm. Besides, we obtain 1dB input compression point IP1dB of -8.3 dBm. Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 7 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Overview 3 Overview Device: BFR840L3RHESD Application: Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection PCB Marking: BFR840L3RHESD TSLP-3-9 M120510 4 Summary of Measurement Results Table 1 Summary of Measurement Results Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Voltage Vcc 3.0 V DC Current Icc 9.2 mA Frequency Range Freq 2500 5100 5500 5900 MHz Gain G 1.6 14.9 14.5 14.4 dB Noise Figure NF 1.05 1.03 1.05 dB RLin 11.9 11.7 11 dB RLout 15 18.3 21 dB IRev 22.9 22.4 21.8 dB Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Reverse Isolation Input P1dB IP1dB 0 -8.3 dBm Output P1dB OP1dB 0.6 +5.2 dBm Input IP3 IIP3 +1.8 dBm Output IP3 OIP3 +16.3 dBm k > 1.0 -- Stability Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 8 / 21 Note/Test Condition SMA and PCB losses (~0.15 dB) are subtracted Power @ Input: -25 dBm f1= 5500 MHz, f2= 5501 MHz Stability measured from 10MHz to 11GHz 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Schematics 5 Schematics Vcc= 3.0 V J3 DC Connector R3 120 ohms All passives are “0201“ case size Inductor L1 LQP03T Series Capacitors GRM Series I = 9.2 mA C4 33pF C3 0.3pF R2 27 ohms R1 33k Ohms L1 3.8nH Q1 C1 22pF J1 RF Port1 INPUT BFR840L3RHESD C2 18pF J2 RF Port2 OUTPUT C5 2.2pF L2 1.8nH Total externals Count = 10 Inductors = 2 (LQP03T Series) Resistors = 3 Capacitors = 5 Figure 2 A proper RF grounding is required to ensure the LNA performance. Please refer to Chapter 7 for the layout proposal. PCB Marking= BFR840L3RHESD TSLP-3-9 M120510 PCB Board Material = Standard FR4 Layer spacing (top RF to internal ground plane): 0.2 mm Schematic Diagram of the used Circuit Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 9 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Schematics Table 2 Symbol Bill-of-Materials Value Unit Size Manufacturer Comment C1 22 pF 0201 Various Input DC block C2 18 pF 0201 Various Output DC block C3 0.3 pF 0201 Various Output matching. Influence the input matching as well. C4 33 pF 0201 Various RF decoupling / blocking cap C5 2.2 pF 0201 Various L1 3.8 nH 0201 Murata LQP03T series L2 R1 1.8 33 nH kΩ 0201 0201 Murata LQP03T series Various 2.4 GHz rejection Output matching and biasing to the Collector 2.4 GHz rejection R2 27 Ω 0201 Various Stability improvement R3 120 Ω 0201 Various DC biasing (provides DC negative feedback to stabilize DC operating point over temperature variation, transistor hFE variation, etc.) BFR840L3RHESD SiGe:C Heterojunction Bipolar RF Transistor Q1 Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 TSLP-3-9 Infineon Technologies 10 / 21 DC biasing 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs 6 Measured Graphs Insertion Power Gain InBand 17 16 5100 MHz 14.9 dB 15 5900 MHz 14.4 dB 14 13 4000 Figure 3 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Insertion Power Gain WideBand 20 15 5100 MHz 14.9 dB 10 5 5900 MHz 14.4 dB 2500 MHz 1.61 dB 0 -5 2400 MHz -9.32 dB -10 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 Frequency (MHz) Figure 4 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 11 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Noise Figure 1.4 1.3 5800 MHz 1.08 dB NF(dB) 1.2 5500 MHz 1.03 dB 1.1 1 0.9 5900 MHz 1.05 dB 5100 MHz 1.05 dB 0.8 0.7 5100 Figure 5 5300 5500 Frequency (MHz) 5700 5900 Noise Figure of BFR840L3RHESD LNA for 5100 - 5900 MHz Reverse Isolation 60 50 40 5100 MHz 22.9 dB 5900 MHz 21.8 dB 30 20 10 0 4000 Figure 6 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 12 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Input Matching -8 -9 5900 MHz -11.1 dB -10 5100 MHz -11.9 dB -11 -12 -13 -14 4000 Figure 7 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Swp Max 7000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Input Matching Smith 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 0.2 10.0 -3 .0 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Figure 8 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 5100 MHz r 0.602395 x -0.086714 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 0 5900 MHz r 0.568741 x 0.053913 -10.0 0.2 10.0 Swp Min 3500MHz Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD (Smith Chart) Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 13 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Output Matching -5 -10 5100 MHz -15 dB -15 5900 MHz -21 dB -20 -25 4000 Figure 9 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Swp Max 7000MHz 2. 0 6 0. 0.8 1.0 Output Matching Smith 0. 4 0 3. 0 4. 5.0 0.2 10.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 10.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 0.2 5900 MHz r 0.86982 x -0.106505 5100 MHz r 0.765246 x -0.211879 -10.0 2 -0. -4 .0 -5. 0 -3 .0 Figure 10 .0 -2 -1.0 -0.8 -0 .6 .4 -0 Swp Min 3500MHz Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD (Smith Chart) Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 14 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Stability k Factor 3 2 1 0 10 Figure 11 2010 4010 6010 Frequency (MHz) 8010 10000 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Stability Mu Factor 2 1.5 1 Mu2 factor 0.5 Mu1 factor 0 10 Figure 12 2010 4010 6010 Frequency (MHz) 8010 10000 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 15 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs Input 1dB Compression Point at 5500 MHz 20 Gain(dB) 15 -30 dBm 14.52 dB 10 -8.32 dBm 13.52 dB 5 0 -30 Figure 13 -25 -20 -15 Pin (dBm) -10 -5 0 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFR840L3RHESD Circuit at 5500 MHz Output 3rd Order Intercept Point 0 5500 MHz -10.5 Power (dBm) -20 -40 5502 MHz -64.2 -60 -80 -100 5498.5 Figure 14 5499.5 5500.5 Frequency (MHz) 5501.5 5502.5 rd Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFR840L3RHESD at 5500 MHz Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 16 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Measured Graphs OFF Mode S21 -16 -18 5900 MHz -21.3 dB -20 5100 MHz -19.5 dB -22 -24 -26 4000 Figure 15 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency (MHz) 6500 7000 OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Input 1dB Compression Point at 2500 MHz 5 Gain(dB) 3 1 -25.00 dBm 1.61 dB -0.03 dBm 0.6 dB -1 -3 -5 -25 Figure 16 -20 -15 -10 Pin (dBm) -5 0 5 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFR840L3RHESD Circuit at 2500 MH Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 17 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Evaluation Board and Layout Information 7 Evaluation Board and Layout Information Figure 17 Photo of the BFR840L3RHESD 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board Figure 18 Zoom-In on the BFR840L3RHESD 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 18 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Evaluation Board and Layout Information Figure 19 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD Vias FR4 Core, 0.2mm Copper 35µm Figure 20 FR4 Prepreg, 0.8mm PCB Layer Information Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 19 / 21 2012-06-06 BFR840L3RHESD Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection Authors 8 Authors Shamsuddin Ahmed, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer/Technical Marketing RF of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices” 9 Remark The graphs are generated with the simulation program AWR Microwave Office®. Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 20 / 21 2012-06-06 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN290