Ap plication Note
Re pla cing Atm el 4 5DB1 6 1D Seria l Fla sh
with Ma cronix M X25 L16 0 5A Seria l Fla sh
April 27, 2006
Introd uct ion
Macronix offers a family of serial flash (SPI) products from 512Kb to 64Mb densities. This
application note explains how the Atmel 45DB161D, 16Mb DataFlash can be replaced with a
similar Macronix MX25L1605A,16Mb flash product.
There are several compelling reasons to replace the Atmel device with a Macronix part. Speed
(performance) and costs are typical factors. For a successful design in, system designers need to
know the product feature differences, as well as similarities, of the two devices. This is summarized
in the comparison table below.
Comparison between Macronix and Atmel Flash product
Macronix 16Mb and Atmel 16Mb Flash Memory Comparison
Specification
Macronix MX25L1605A
Atmel* 45DB161D
Vcc voltage
Bus Width
Erase unit
2.7V – 3.6V
1x I/O, SPI compliance
Equal 4KB/ Equal 64KB
SPI clock rate
33MHz normal read/
85MHz fast read
256B
-4KB- 60ms(typ)
64KB- 1s(typ)
Chip (16Mb)- 14s(typ)
256B- 1.4ms(typ)
2.7V – 3.6V or 2.5V- 3.6V
1x I/O, SPI compliance
Equal 256B/ Equal 4KB/ Equal
128KB
33MHz normal read /
66MHz fast read @ 2.7V
512B or 528B
256B- 15ms(typ)
4KB- 45ms(typ)
128KB- 1.6s(typ)
-512B- 3ms(typ)
100k
100k
Page Program Buffer
Erase Performance
Program Performance
Write/Erase cycles
(Endurance)
Sector lock down register
NA
Additional sector lock down
register (16 bytes)
Sector (block) Protection 1. Area: 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1. Area: sector o and the rest
1/2, all
2. Register: Additional sector
2. Register: Status register
protection register (16 bytes)
bit2-4 and bit 7
* The terms used to identify companies and products may be trademarks of their respective owners.
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
Protection Register
(OTP Sector)
Read Current
Erase/Program Current
Standby current
Package
NA
128 byte
4mA(max.) @ 33MHz
4mA(typ.)/8mA(max.) @
33MHz
12 mA (typ.)/17mA(max)
25uA(typ)/ 50uA(max)
8-pin 209mil SOP/
28-TSOP/
8-MLF(6x5mm)
15 mA (max.)
20uA(max.)
8-pin 209mil SOP/
16-pin 300mil SOP/
8-SON(8x6mm)
Hardw are C ons iderat ion s
From a hardware perspective, replacing the Atmel 45DB161D DataFlash with Macronix
MX25L1605A is a relatively straightforward task for two reasons: Firstly, the major pin functions
are compatible to each other and secondly, it might be feasible to accommodate both footprints in
one board area.
The major pin functions (SI, SO, SCLK, CS#) from both suppliers are compatible
Macronix and Atmel pinout compatibility (by pin and function):
Macronix pin(s) and
Atmel pin(s) and
Comments
function
function
Pin 1: CS#
Pin 4: CS#
Same pin definition and function
Pin 2: SO
Pin 8: SO
Same pin definition and function
Pin 3: WP#
Pin 5: WP#
Similar function
Pin 4: GND
Pin 7: GND
Ground pin
Pin 5: SI
Pin 1: SI
Same pin definition and function
Pin 6: SCLK
Pin 2: SCK
Same function, but different name
Pin 7: HOLD#
Pin 3: RESET#
Different function, but both active low
Pin 8: VCC
Pin 6: VCC
Power supply pin
* *Other names and brands are the property of the respective companies.
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
AT45DB161D
MX25L1605A
One possibility of a dual footprint layout is by rotating the Atme l part by 90º and overlaying the
footprint on top of a normally positioned Macronix device as shown below. This way, the same
PCB board area is maintained.
Dual footprint example – Atmel and Macronix part in the same area
Software Considerations
From a software point of view, both Macronix and Atmel command sets follow the industry
standard but each has its own unique command set. The manufacturer and device ID are different
between Macronix and Atmel parts and one could make use of the Read ID command (which is
common in both parts) to select the appropria te command sets for use with the device. This is
shown in the flowchart on page 6.
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
The main software differences shown below are:
(i) Manufacturer ID/Device ID
(ii) Command Instruction
Manufacturer ID and Device ID
Macronix MX25L1605A
Command Cycle
ID
(Address/Data)
9F
Atmel 45DB161D
Command Cycle
Mfr. ID: C2h
2-byte Device ID: 20h and
15h
9F
ID
Mfr. ID: 1Fh
Device ID: 26h and 00h
and 00h
Command Instruction
Command Set and Software Compatibility
Part Number
Macronix
Atmel
MX25L1605A
AT45DB161D
WREN (write Enable)
WRDI (write disable)
RDID (read identification)
RDSR (read status register)
WRSR (write status register)
06 Hex
04 Hex
9F Hex
05 Hex
01 Hex
AD (read data)
03 Hex
03 Hex
Fast READ (fast read data)
0B Hex
0B Hex
Page Erase
SE (4KBSector Erase)
-20 Hex
81 hex
4KB block erase: 50 Hex
SE (32KB Sector Erase)
Block (64KB) Erase
CE (Chip Erase)
PP(Page Program)
9F Hex
D7 hex
-52 or D8 Hex
60 or C7 Hex
128KB block erase: 7C Hex
02 Hex
DP (Deep Power Down)
Release from Deep Power-down (RDP)
and Device ID
B9 Hex
AB Hex
RES(Read Electronic Id)
AB Hex
REMS(Read Manufacturer Electronic Id)
90 Hex
B9 Hex
AB Hex
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
Atmel unique command set:
For read:
Command
main memory page read
D2 hex
continuous array read
buffer 1 read(low freq.)
buffer 2 read(low freq.)
buffer 1 read
buffer 2 read
For write
E8 hex
D1 hex
D3 hex
D4 hex
D6 hex
Command
buffer 1 write
84 hex
buffer 2 write
87 hex
buffer 1 to main memory program w. erase
buffer 2 to main memory program w. erase
83 hex
86 hex
buffer 1 to main memory program w/o. erase 88 hex
buffer 2 to main memory program w/o. erase 89 hex
main memory pgm thru buffer 1
82 hex
main memory pgm thru buffer 2
For Protection/Security
85 hex
Command
Enable Sector Protection
Disable Sector Protection
3DH+2AH+7F+A9H
3DH+2AH+7F+9AH
Erase Sector Protection Register
Program Sector Protection Register
Read Sector Protection Register
Sector Lockdown
Read Sector Lockdown Register
Program Security Register
3DH+2AH+7F+CFH
3DH+2AH+7F+FCH
32H
3DH+2AH+7F+30H
35H
9BH+00H+00H+00H
Read Security Register
77H
Additional Commands
Command
Main Memory page to buffer 1 transfer
53H
Main Memory page to buffer 2 transfer
50H
Main Memory page to buffer 1 compare
60H
Main Memory page to buffer 2 compare
Auto page rewrite through buffer 1
61H
58H
Auto page rewrite through buffer 2
59H
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
START
Read ID code command
Write Command 9Fh
Read ID code
1st read is Manufacturer ID
2nd read is Device ID
Manufacturers
ID = C2h ?
Store ID
Yes
Device is Macronix flash.
Use Macronix command
set
No
Yes
Manufacturers
ID = 1Fh ?
Device is ATMEL flash.
Use ATMEL command set
No
Non-Macronix or Atmel device.
Multi-Source algorithm flowchart
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
Conclu sio n
For hardware considerations, in order to minimize board area, it might be feasible that the pads for
both Atmel and Macronix parts overlay on top of each other rotated by 90º. In the case of software,
the appropriate command set can be selected by screening for the manufacturer and device IDs. For
both cases, a multi-source strategy is provided for the system designer with the aim that this will
ease procurement effort during a tight market condition.
In the following appendix, numerous examples of sample code for various device operations are
provided to the designer.
For the 16Mb serial Flash, although Macronix does not offer the same pinout that Atmel uses,
Macronix does provide industry compatible parts. Replacing Atmel serial Flash with Macronix
serial Flash is not a trivial matter and does require some effort on the part of the user. However,
give n the definite speed advantage of the Macronix product offering, applications that require
higher speeds will experience noticeable difference in performance.
For additional technical support, please contact the Macronix sales office in your local area.
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
App end ix: Sa mp le co de
Read_ID_Op()
{
CS# low;
Write Read ID command = 0x9F;
MfrID= read flash at 1st;
// read manufacturer ID
DevID1= read flash at 2nd;
// read memory type ID
DevID2= read flash at 3rd;
// read memory density ID
CS # high;
}
Sector_Erase_Op()
{
eraseOkFlag = TRUE;
CS# low;
Write WREN command = 0x06;
CS# high;
/* clear the erase ok flag to be TRUE */
// Setting Write Enable Latch bit
CS# low;
Write Block Erase command = 0x26; // 4KB Sector-Erase command
Write Block address = AD1;
// AD1 = A23 – A 16;
Write Block address = AD2;
// AD2 = A15 – A8;
Write Block address = AD3;
// AD3 = A7 – A0
CS# high;
CS# low;
Write Read Status command = 0x05;
While(1)
// set a loop to check the flash's Status Register till ready or time out
{
statusReg = read status of flash; // read status from flash
if( (statusReg & 0x01) == 0x00) // if the Q0(write in progress bit) == ‘0’ is ready or ‘1’ busy
break;
else if( time-out)
{
set eraseOkFlag = FALSE;
break;
}
}
CS# high;
return (eraseOkFlag);
/* report the final result to main program */
}
/* end of Sector_erase_Op */
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
Block_Erase_Op()
{
eraseOkFlag = TRUE;
CS# low;
Write WREN command = 0x06;
CS# high;
/* clear the erase ok flag to be TRUE */
// Setting Write Enable Latch bit
CS# low;
Write Block Erase command = 0xD8 or 0x52; // 64KB Block-Erase (both command 0x52/0xd8 are accepted)
Write Block address = AD1;
// AD1 = A23 – A 16;
Write Block address = AD2;
// AD2 = A15 – A8;
Write Block address = AD3;
// AD3 = A7 – A0
CS# high;
CS# low;
Write Read Status command = 0x05;
While(1)
// set a loop to check the flash's Status Register till ready or time out
{
statusReg = read status of flash; // read status from flash
if( (statusReg & 0x01) == 0x00) // if the Q0(write in progress bit) == ‘0’ is ready or ‘1’ busy
break;
else if( time-out)
{
set eraseOkFlag = FALSE;
break;
}
}
CS# high;
return (eraseOkFlag);
/* report the final result to main program */
}
/* end of Block_erase_Op */
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
Page_Program_Op()
{
int i;
ProgramOkFlag = TRUE;
CS# low;
Write WREN command = 0x06;
CS# high;
// clear the program ok flag to be TRUE
// Setting Write Enable Latch bit
CS# low;
Write Page Program command = 0x02;
Write Block address = AD1;
// AD1 = A23 – A16;
Write Block address = AD2;
// AD2 = A15 – A8;
Write Block address = AD3;
// AD3 = A7 – A0
For (i=0; i<256 ; i++)
// set a loop to down load whole page data into flash’s buffer
{
// the page number is 256 bytes
write data = WDi;
// WDi stands for write data 0 ~ 255 bytes
}
CS# high;
CS# low;
Write Read Status command = 0x05;
While(1)
// set a loop to check the flash's Status Register till ready or time out
{
statusReg = read status of flash;
// read status from flash
if( (statusReg & 0x01) == 0x00) // If the Q0(write in progress bit) == ‘0’ is ready or ‘1’ busy
break;
else if( time-out )
{
set ProgramOkFlag = FALSE;
break;
}
}
CS# high;
return (ProgramOkFlag);
}
/* report the final result to main program */
/* end of Program_Op */
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
Chip_Erase_ Op()
{
eraseOkFlag = TRUE;
CS# low;
Write WREN command = 0x06;
CS# high;
/* clear the erase ok flag to be TRUE */
// Setting Write Enable Latch bit
CS# low;
Write Chip Erase command = 0x60 or 0xC7;
CS# high;
CS# low;
Write Read Status command = 0x05;
While(1)
{
statusReg = read status of flash;
if( (statusReg & 0x01) == 0x00)
break;
else if( time-out )
{
set eraseOkFlag = FALSE;
break;
}
}
CS# high;
return (eraseOkFlag);
}
// set a loop to c heck the flash's Status Register till ready or time out
// read status from flash
// If the Q 0(write in progress bit) == ‘0’is ready or ‘1’ busy
/* report the final result to main program */
/* end of Chip_erase_Op */
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Application Note
Replacing Atmel 45DB161D Serial Flash
with Macronix MX25L1605A Serial Flash
Read_Op( )
{
CS# low;
Write Read Array comma nd = 0x03;
Write Sector address = AD1;
/* AD1 = A23 – A16 */
Write Sector address = AD2;
/* AD2 = A15 – A8; */
Write Sector address = AD3;
/* AD3 = A 7 – A0; */
For (i=0; i<n ; i++)
{
array_data = read flash;
}
CS# high;
// set a loop to read data into flash’s buffer
// n bytes read out until /CS goes high
}
Fast_Read_Op( )
{
CS# low;
Write Read Array command = 0x0B;
Write Sector address = AD1;
/* AD1 = A23 – A16 */
Write Sector address = AD2;
/* AD2 = A15 – A8; */
Write Sector address = AD3;
/* AD3 = A 7 – A0; */
Write dummy address = data;
For (i=0; i<n ; i++)
{
array_data = read flash;
}
CS# high;
// set a loop to read data into flash’s buffer
// n bytes read out until /CS goes high
}
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