HT46R14A A/D Type 8-Bit OTP MCU Technical Document · Tools Information · FAQs · Application Note - HA0004E HT48 & HT46 MCU UART Software Implementation Method - HA0005E Controlling the I^2C bus with the HT48 & HT46 MCU Series - HA0011E HT48 & HT46 Keyboard Scan Program - HA0013E HT48 & HT46 LCM Interface Design - HA0075E MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note - HA0102E Using the HT46R14A in a CCFL Lamp Inverter Features · Operating voltage: · PFD for audio generation fSYS= 4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V fSYS= 8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V · Power-down and wake-up functions for reduced · 21 bidirectional I/O lines · Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system power consumption · Three interrupt input shared with an I/O line clock at VDD= 5V · Two 8-bit programmable timer/event counters with · 8-level subroutine nesting overflow interrupt and 7-stage prescaler · 8 channel 9-bit resolution A/D converter · Two 8-bit programmable pulse generator - PPG · Two comparators with interrupt function output channel with prescaler and 8-bit programmable timer counter, supporting both active low or active high output · Bit manipulation instruction · 15-bit table read instruction · 63 powerful instructions · Two comparator · Instructions executed in one or two machine cycles · 4096´15 program memory · Low voltage reset function · 192´8 data memory RAM · 28-pin SKDIP/SOP packages · Integrated crystal and RC oscillator · Watchdog Timer General Description satility to meet the requirements of wide range of A/D application possibilities such as external analog sensor signal processing. The HT46R14A is an 8-bit, high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller devices specifically designed for A/D applications that interface directly to analog signals, such as those from sensors. With the inclusion of two comparators and a fully integrated programmable pulse generator, the device is particularly suitable for use in products such as induction cookers and other home appliance application areas. The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, programmable frequency divider, timer functions, oscillator options, multi-channel A/D Converter, HALT and wake-up functions, provide the device with the ver- Rev. 1.01 1 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Block Diagram M T M R 0 C T M R 0 P F D 0 S ta c k P ro g ra m R O M IN T C P ro g ra m C o u n te r In s tr u c tio n R e g is te r M M P U P P G 0 C P P G T 0 P P G 0 P P G 1 C P P G T 1 P P G 1 M U X In s tr u c tio n D e c o d e r P C S T A T U S A L U P o rt C P C C S h ifte r T im in g G e n e ra to r U P r e s c a le r X fS Y S T M R 0 T M R 1 U M W D T D a ta M e m o ry X M T M R 1 C T M R 1 P F D 1 In te rru p t C ir c u it U X fS X fS Y S Y S /4 /4 W D T O S C P r e s c a le r fS Y S P r e s c a le r fS Y S P C P C P C P C P C 0 /C 1 /C 2 /C 3 /C 4 /C 0 V 0 V 0 O 1 O 1 V IN IN U U IN T T + - 8 -C h a n n e l A /D C o n v e rte r O S C 2 O S R E V D V S S S C 1 H A L T A C C D P B E N /D IS P o rt B P B C P B 0 /A N 0 ~ P B 7 /A N 7 L V R P P G C P A P P G 0 C P P G 0 P P G 0 P A C P o rt A P A P A P A P A P A P A P A 0 /P 1 ~ P 3 /P 4 /T 5 /IN 6 /IN 7 /T P G 1 A 2 F D M R 0 T 0 T 1 M R 1 Pin Assignment P B 1 /A N 1 1 2 8 P B 2 /A N 2 P B 0 /A N 0 2 2 7 P B 3 /A N 3 P A 3 /P F D 3 2 6 P A 4 /T M R 0 P A 2 4 2 5 P A 5 /IN T 0 P A 1 5 2 4 P A 6 /IN T 1 P A 0 /P P G 1 6 2 3 P A 7 /T M R 1 P B 7 /A N 7 7 2 2 O S C 2 P B 6 /A N 6 8 2 1 O S C 1 P B 5 /A N 5 9 2 0 V D D P B 4 /A N 4 1 0 1 9 R E S V S S 1 1 1 8 P P G 0 C 1 V IN + 1 2 1 7 P C 0 /C 0 V IN - P C 4 /C 1 V IN - 1 3 1 6 P C 1 /C 0 V IN + P C 3 /C 1 O U T 1 4 1 5 P C 2 /C 0 O U T H T 4 6 R 1 4 A 2 8 S K D IP -A /S O P -A Rev. 1.01 2 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Pin Description Pin Name PA0/PPG1 PA1~PA2 PA3/PFD PA4/TMR0 PA5/INT0 PA6/INT1 PA7/TMR1 PB0/AN0~ PB7/AN7 I/O I/O I/O Options Description Pull-high Wake-up PA3 or PFD Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each pin can be configured as a wake-up input by configuration option. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. The PFD, INT0 and INT1 are pin-shared with PA3, PA5 and PA6. The TMR0 is pin-shared with PA4, TMR1 is pin shared with PA7, respectively. The PPG1 is a programmable pulse generator1 output pin, pin shared with PA0. The PPG1 or I/O function is selected via configuration option. The PPG1 output pin is floating during power-on reset, RES pin reset or LVR reset. The PPG1 output level (active low or active high) can be selected via configuration option. Pull-high Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. PB is shared with the A/D input pins. The A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D input, the I/O function and pull-high resistor functions are disabled automatically. PC0/C0VINPC1/C0VIN+ PC2/C0OUT PC3/C1OUT PC4/C1VINC1VIN+ I/O Pull-high I/O or Comparator Bi-directional 5-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input. A configuration option determines if all pins on the the port have pull-high resistors. C0VIN-, C0VIN+ and C0OUT are pin-shared with PC0, PC1 and PC2. Once the comparator 0 is enabled, the internal PC2 port control register can be used as input only, the PC2 output function and the PC0/PC1/PC2 pull-high resistors will be disabled automatically, however PC0 and PC1 maintain their I/O function. Software instructions determine if the Comparator 0 function is enabled or not. C1VIN+ and C1VIN- are the Comparator 1 inputs, C1OUT and C1VIN- are pin-shared with PC3 and PC4. Once the Comparator 1 function is enabled, the internal PC3 port control register can be used as input only, the PC3 output function and the PC3/PC4 pull-high resistors will be disabled automatically, however PC4 maintains its I/O function. Software instructions determine if the Comparator 1 function is enabled or not. The PC1/C0VIN+ pin is also the external interrupt input pin. A falling edge on this pin will form an interrupt trigger source whether the pin is setup as a Comparator input or I/O pin. PPG0 O ¾ Programmable pulse generator 0 output pin, the pin is floating when the power is first applied. The PPG0 output level can be selected to be either active low or active high, selected via configuration option. OSC1 OSC2 I O Crystal or RC OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an RC network or a Crystal (determined by option) for the internal system clock. If the RC system clock option is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to monitor the system clock at 1/4 frequency. RES I ¾ Schmitt trigger reset input. Active low. VDD ¾ ¾ Positive power supply VSS ¾ ¾ Negative power supply, ground. Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V IOL Total ..............................................................150mA Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C IOH Total............................................................-100mA Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. Rev. 1.01 3 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A D.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter VDD IDD2 Typ. Max. Unit ¾ fSYS=4MHz 2.2 ¾ 5.5 V ¾ fSYS=8MHz 3.3 ¾ 5.5 V Operating Current (Crystal OSC) 3V No load, fSYS=4MHz ADC off ¾ 0.6 1.5 mA ¾ 2 4 mA Operating Current (RC OSC) 3V ¾ 0.8 1.5 mA ¾ 2.5 4 mA ¾ 4 8 mA ¾ ¾ 5 mA ¾ ¾ 10 mA ¾ ¾ 1 mA ¾ ¾ 2 mA Operating Voltage IDD1 Min. Conditions VDD 5V 5V No load, fSYS=4MHz ADC off IDD3 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) ISTB1 Standby Current (WDT Enabled) 3V Standby Current (WDT Disabled) 3V VIL1 Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR0 and TMR1 ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.3VDD V VIH1 Input High Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR0 and TMR1 ¾ ¾ 0.7VDD ¾ VDD V VIL2 Input Low Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.4VDD V VIH2 Input High Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0.9VDD ¾ VDD V VLVR Low Voltage Reset ¾ ¾ 2.7 3.0 3.3 V IOL I/O Port, PPG0 and PPG1 Pin Sink Current 3V VOL=0.1VDD 4 8 ¾ mA 5V VOL=0.1VDD 10 20 ¾ mA I/O Port, PPG0 and PPG1 Pin Source Current 3V VOH=0.9VDD -2 -4 ¾ mA 5V VOH=0.9VDD -5 -10 ¾ mA 3V ¾ 20 60 100 kW 5V ¾ 10 30 50 kW ISTB2 IOH RPH 5V No load, fSYS=8MHz ADC off No load, system HALT 5V No load, system HALT 5V Pull-high Resistance VAD A/D Input Voltage ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ VDD V EAD A/D Conversion Error ¾ ¾ ¾ ±0.5 ±1 LSB IADC Additional Power Consumption if A/D Converter is Used 3V ¾ 0.5 1 mA ¾ 1.5 3 mA Note: ¾ 5V If the comparator input voltage is not equal to VDD or VSS, there may be more IDD/ISTB current consumed by the pin-shared logic input function whether the comparator is enabled or disabled. Typically, the current for each comparator input pin is about 500mA (VDD=5V) if its input voltage is 2.5V. Rev. 1.01 4 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A A.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter fSYS System Clock Timer I/P Frequency (TMR0/TMR1) fTIMER tWDTOSC Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions VDD ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 400 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 400 ¾ 8000 kHz ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 0 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 0 ¾ 8000 kHz 3V ¾ 45 90 180 ms 5V ¾ 32 65 130 ms Watchdog Oscillator Period tRES External Reset Low Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tSST System Start-up Timer Period ¾ Power-up or Wake-up from HALT ¾ 1024 ¾ *tSYS tINT Interrupt Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tAD A/D Clock Period ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tADC A/D Conversion Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 76 ¾ tAD tADCS A/D Sampling Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 32 ¾ tAD Note: *tSYS=1/fSYS Comparator Electrical Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit ¾ 2.2 ¾ 5.5 V 5V ¾ ¾ ¾ 200 mA Comparator Input Offset Voltage 5V ¾ -10 ¾ 10 mV VOPOS2 Comparator Input Offset Voltage 5V -2 ¾ 2 mV VCM Comparator Common Mode Voltage Range ¾ VSS ¾ VDD1.4V V tPD Comparator Response Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ms VDD Conditions Comparator Operating Voltage ¾ Comparator Operating Current VOPOS1 Note: By calibraton ¾ With 10mV overdrive If the comparator input voltage is not equal to VDD or VSS, there may be more IDD/ISTB current consumed by the pin-shared logic input function whether the comparator is enabled or disabled. Typically, the current for each comparator input pin is about 500mA (VDD=5V) if its input voltage is 2.5V. Rev. 1.01 5 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Functional Description Execution Flow cremented by 1. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. The system clock for the microcontroller is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip execution, loading PCL register, subroutine call, initial reset, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from subroutine, the PC manages the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. However, the pipelining scheme allows each instruction to be effectively executed in a cycle. If an instruction changes the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise proceed with the next instruction. The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a readable and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be within 256 locations. Program Counter - PC The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in the program ROM are executed and its contents specify a full range of program memory. When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an instruction code, the contents of the program counter are inS y s te m O S C 2 (R C C lo c k T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 o n ly ) P C P C P C + 1 F e tc h IN S T (P C ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 ) P C + 2 F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C ) F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 ) Execution Flow Mode Program Counter *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 Initial Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 External Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 External Interrupt 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Comparator 0 interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Comparator 1 interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 External Interrupt 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Multi-function Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Loading PCL *11 *10 *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Jump, Call Branch #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 Skip Program Counter+2 Program Counter Note: *11~*0: Program counter bits #11~#0: Instruction code bits Rev. 1.01 S11~S0: Stack register bits @7~@0: PCL bits 6 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Program Memory - ROM activated, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. The program memory is used to store the executable program instructions. It also contains data, table, interrupt entries, and is organized into 4096´15 bits, addressed by the program counter and table pointer. · Location 010H Location 010His reserved for the Comparator 1 interrupt service program. If the Comparator 1 output pin is activated, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. Certain locations in the program memory are reserved for special usage: · Location 000H Location 000H is reserved for program initialization. After a chip reset, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. · Location 014H Location 014H is reserved for the external interrupt 2 service program. If the PC1/C0VIN+ input pin is activated (falling edge), and the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. · Location 004H Location 004H is reserved for the external interrupt 0 service program. If the INT0 input pin is activated, the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 004H. · Location 018H Location 018H is reserved for the multi-function interrupt service program. If an timer interrupt results from Timer/Event counter 0 or Timer/Event counter 1 or ADC interrupt results from ADC conversion completed, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. · Location 008H Location 008H is reserved for the external Interrupt 1 service program. If the INT1 input pin is activated, the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 008H. · Location 00CH · Table location Location 004H is reserved for the Comparator 0 interrupt service program. If the Comparator 0 output pin is 0 0 0 H Any location in the ROM space can be used as a look-up table. The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (the current page, 1 page=256 words) and ²TABRDL [m]² (the last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to TBLH (08H). Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word are transferred to the lower portion of TBLH, and the remaining 2 bits are read as ²0². The Table Higher-order byte register (TBLH) is read only. The table pointer (TBLP) is a read/write register (07H), which indicates the table location. Before accessing the table, the location must be placed in TBLP. The TBLH is read only and cannot be restored. If the main routine and the Interrupt Service Routine both employ the table read instruction, the contents of the TBLH in the main routine are likely to be changed by the table read instruction used in the Interrupt Service Routine and errors may occur. Therefore, using the table read instruction in the main routine and simultaneously in the Interrupt Service Routine should be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has to be applied in both the main routine and the interrupt Service Routine, the interrupt should be disabled prior to the table read instruction. It should not be re-en- D e v ic e In itia liz a tio n P r o g r a m 0 0 4 H E x te r n a l In te r r u p t 0 S u b r o u tin e 0 0 8 H E x te r n a l In te r r u p t 1 S u b r o u tin e 0 0 C H C o m p a r a to r 0 In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e 0 1 0 H C o m p a r a to r 1 In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e 0 1 4 H E x te r n a l In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e 0 1 8 H P ro g ra m M e m o ry M u lti- fu n c tio n In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e n 0 0 H L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) n F F H F 0 0 H L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) F F F H 1 5 b its N o te : n ra n g e s fro m 0 to F Program Memory Table Location Instruction *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 TABRDC [m] P11 P10 P9 P8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 TABRDL [m] 1 1 1 1 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Table Location Note: *11~*0: Table location bits @7~@0: Table pointer bits Rev. 1.01 P11~P8: Current program counter bits 7 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A abled until the TBLH has been backed up. All table related instructions require two cycles to complete the operation. These areas may function as normal program memory depending upon requirements. 0 0 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 0 1 H M P 0 0 2 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 1 0 3 H M P 1 0 4 H Stack Register - STACK 0 5 H This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the program counter only. The stack is organized into 8 levels and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither readable nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the stack pointer, SP, and is neither readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, indicated by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the program counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the stack. A C C 0 6 H P C L 0 7 H T B L P 0 8 H T B L H 0 9 H 0 A H S T A T U S 0 B H IN T C 0 0 C H 0 D H T M R 0 0 E H T M R 0 C 0 F H If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the stack pointer is decremented, using RET or RETI, the interrupt will be serviced. This feature prevents a stack overflow allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily. In a similar case, if the stack is full and a ²CALL² is subsequently executed, a stack overflow will occur and the first entry will be lost as only the most recent 8 return addresses are stored. 1 0 H T M R 1 1 1 H T M R 1 C 1 2 H P A 1 3 H P A C 1 4 H P B 1 5 H P B C 1 6 H P C 1 7 H P C C 1 8 H 1 9 H 1 A H 1 B H M F IC 1 C H C M P 0 C 1 D H C M P 1 C 1 E H IN T C 1 1 F H Data Memory - RAM 2 0 H P P G 0 C The data memory has a capacity of 224´8 bits, and is divided into two functional groups, namely the special function registers and the general purpose data memory (192´8 bits), most of which are readable/writeable, although some are read only. 2 1 H P P G T 0 2 2 H P P G 1 C 2 3 H P P G T 1 The unused space before address 40H is reserved for future expansion usage and reading these locations will obtain a result of ²00H². The general purpose data memory, addressed from 40H to FFH is used for data and control information under instruction commands. 2 4 H A D R L 2 5 H A D R H 2 6 H A D C R 2 7 H A C S R 2 8 H 3 F H 4 0 H All of the data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations directly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and reset by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i². They are also indirectly accessible through the memory pointer registers, MP0 and MP1. Rev. 1.01 S p e c ia l P u r p o s e D a ta M e m o ry F F H G e n e ra l P u rp o s e D a ta M e m o ry (1 9 2 B y te s ) : U n u s e d R e a d a s "0 0 " RAM Mapping 8 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A cords the status information and controls the operation sequence. Indirect Addressing Register Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers that are not physically implemented. Any read/write operation on [00H] and [02H] accesses the Data Memory pointed to by the MP0 and MP1 registers respectively. Reading locations 00H or 02H indirectly returns the result 00H. Writing to it indirectly leads to no operation. With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions like most other registers. Any data written into the status register will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addition operations related to the status register may give different results from those intended. The TO flag can be affected only by system power-up, a WDT time-out or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. The PDF flag can be affected only by executing the ²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or a system power-up. The function of data movement between two indirect addressing registers is not supported. The memory pointer registers, MP0 and MP1, are both 8-bit registers used to access the RAM by combining the corresponding indirect addressing registers. Accumulator The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations. The accumulator is closely related to ALU operations. It is also mapped to location 05H of the data memory and can carry out immediate data operations. The data movement between two data memory locations must pass through the accumulator. Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU In addition, on entering the interrupt sequence or executing the subroutine call, the status register will not be pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of the status are important and if the subroutine can corrupt the status register, precautions must be taken to save it properly. This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. The ALU provides the following functions: Interrupt · Arithmetic operations - ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA The device provides three external interrupts, two comparator interrupt, and multi-function interrupt. The interrupt control register 0, INTC0, and interrupt control register 1, INTC1, contains the interrupt control bits to enable or disable the interrupt and to record the interrupt request flags. · Logic operations - AND, OR, XOR, CPL · Rotation - RL, RR, RLC, RRC · Increment and Decrement - INC, DEC · Branch decision - SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ The ALU not only saves the results of data operations but also changes the status register. Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked, as the EMI bit will be automatically cleared. This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may happen during this interval but only the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain interrupt requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bit Status Register - STATUS This 8-bit register contains the 0 flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also re- Bit No. Label Function 0 C C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation, otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. 1 AC AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction, otherwise AC is cleared. 2 Z 3 OV OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa, otherwise OV is cleared. 4 PDF PDF is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing the ²HALT² instruction. 5 TO TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by a WDT time-out. 6, 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is 0; otherwise Z is cleared. Status (0AH) Register Rev. 1.01 9 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A of INTC0 and INTC1 may be set to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until the stack pointer is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must be prevented from becoming full. The comparator output Interrupt is initialized by setting the comparator 0 output Interrupt request flag (C0F) or comparator 1 output interrupt request flag (C1F), which is caused by a falling edge transition of comparator 0 or comparator 1 output . After the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, and the interrupt request flag (C0F or C1F bit) is set, a subroutine call to location 0CH/10H occurs. The related interrupt request flag (C0F or C1F) is reset, and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further interrupts. All these kind of interrupts have a wake-up capability. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the program counter onto the stack, followed by a branch to a subroutine at specified location in the program memory. Only the program counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or status register are altered by the interrupt service program which corrupts the desired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance. The Multi-Function Interrupt (MFI) is initialized by setting the interrupt request flag (MFF), that is caused by timer 0 overflow (T0F) , timer 1 overflow (T1F) or ADC conversion completed (ADF). After the interrupt is enabled (EMFI=1), the stack is not full, and the MFF bit is set, a subroutine call to location 018H will occur. The related interrupt request flag (MFF) is reset and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further interrupts. T0F, T1F and ADF indicate that a related interrupt has occurred. These flags will not be cleared automatically after reading these flags and should be cleared by user. External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transition of INT0, INT1 or PC1/COVIN+, and the related interrupt request flag (EI0F; bit 4 of the INTC0, EI1F; bit 5 of the INTC0, EI2F; bit 5 of the INTC1) is set as well. After the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full, and the external interrupt is active, a subroutine call to location 04H or 08H occurs. The interrupt request flag (EI0F, EI1F or EI2F) and EMI bits are all cleared to disable other interrupts. Bit No. Label 0 EMI Controls the master (global) interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) Function 1 EEI0 Controls the external interrupt 0 (1=enable; 0=disable) 2 EEI1 Controls the external interrupt 1 (1=enable; 0=disable) 3 EC0I Control the Comparator 0 interrupt (1= enable; 0= disable) 4 EI0F External interrupt 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 5 EI1F External interrupt 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 6 C0F The Comparator 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 7 ¾ For test mode used only. Must be written as ²0²; otherwise may result in unpredictable operation. INTC0 (0BH) Register Bit No. Label 0 EC1I Control the Comparator 1 interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled) Function 1 EEI2 Control the external interrupt 2 (1=enabled; 0=disabled) 2 EMFI Control the multi-function interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled) 3 ¾ 4 C1F The Comparator 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) Unused bit, read as ²0² 5 EI2F External interrupt 2 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 6 MFF Multi-function request flag 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² INTC1 (1EH) Register Rev. 1.01 10 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Bit No. Label Function 0 ET0I Control the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled) 1 ET1I Control the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled) 2 EADI Control the A/D converter interrupt 3 ¾ 4 T0F Internal Timer/Event Counter 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 5 T1F Internal Timer/Event Counter 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 6 ADF A/D converter request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² Unused bit, read as ²0² MFIC (1BH) Register Oscillator Configuration During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other interrupt acknowledgements are held until the ²RETI² instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set to 1, if the stack is not full. To return from the interrupt subroutine, a RET or RETI instruction may be executed. The RETI instruction will set the EMI bit to re-enable an interrupt service, but the RET will not. There are two types of system oscillator circuits within the microcontroller. These are an RC oscillator and a Crystal oscillator, the choice of which is determined via a configuration option. The Power-down mode stops the system oscillator and ignores an external signal to conserve power. V Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests the following table shows the priority that is applied. These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit. Interrupt Source O S C 1 1 004H External interrupt 1 2 008H Comparator 0 output interrupt 3 00CH Comparator 1 output interrupt 4 010H External interrupt 2 (from PC1) 5 014H Multi-function interrupt (Timer/ event counter 0/1 & ADC converter) 6 018H C r y s ta l O s c illa to r fS Y S /4 N M O S O p e n D r a in O S C 2 R C O s c illa to r System Oscillator If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VSS is required and whose resistance should range from 24kW to 1MW. Pin OSC2 can be used to monitor the system frequency at 1/4 the system frequency or can be used to synchronize external circuitry. The RC oscillator provides the most cost effective means of oscillator implementation, however, the frequency of oscillation may vary with VDD, temperature and process variations. It is, therefore, not recommended for use in timing sensitive applications where an accurate oscillator frequency is desired. The EMI, EEI0, EEI1, EC0I, ET0I, ET1I, and EMFI are all used to control the enable/disable status of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request flags (EI0F, EI1F, C0F, T0F, T1F, MFI) are all set, they remain in the INTC1 or INTC0 respectively until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a software instruction. It is recommended that a program does not use the ²CALL subroutine² within the interrupt subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged if the ²CALL² operates within the interrupt subroutine. Rev. 1.01 O S C 1 O S C 2 Priority Vector External interrupt 0 D D If a Crystal oscillator is used, a crystal connected between OSC1 and OSC2 is required. No other external components are required. Instead of a crystal, a resonator can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to obtain a frequency reference, but two external capacitors connected between OSC1, OSC2 and ground are required, if the oscillating frequency is less than 1MHz. When the system enters the Power-down mode the system oscillator is stopped to conserve power. The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, and no external components are required. Even if the system enters the power down mode where the system clock is stopped, the WDT oscillator will continue to operate with a period of approximately 65ms at 5V. The WDT oscillator can be disabled using a configuration option to conserve power. 11 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Watchdog Timer - WDT instructions must be executed to clear the WDT, otherwise, the WDT will reset the chip due to a time-out. The WDT clock source is implemented using a dedicated internal RC oscillator (WDT oscillator) or by the instruction clock, which is the system clock divided by 4. The choice of which one is used is determined by a configuration option. This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or a sequence jumping to an unknown location with unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can be disabled by a configuration option. If the Watchdog Timer is disabled, all instructions relating to the WDT result in no operation. Power Down Operation - HALT The Power-down mode is entered by the execution of a ²HALT² instruction and results in the following: · The system oscillator will be turned off but the WDT oscillator will keep running, if the WDT is enabled and if its clock is sourced from the internal WDT oscillator. · The contents of the Data Memory and registers remain unchanged. · The WDT will be cleared and will start counting again, The WDT clock source will be subsequently divided by either 213, 214 , 215 or 216, determined by a configuration option, to get the actual WDT time-out period. Using the internal WDT clock source, the minimum WDT time-out period is about 600ms. This time-out period may vary with temperature, VDD and process variations. By selecting appropriate WDT options, longer time-out periods can be implemented. If the WDT time-out is selected to be fS/216, then a maximum time-out period of about 4.7s can be achieved. if the WDT clock is sourced from the internal WDT oscillator. · All of the I/O ports maintain their original status. · The PDF flag is set and the TO flag is cleared. The system can leave the Power-down mode by means of an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge signal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset causes a device initialisation and the WDT overflow performs a ²warm reset². After the TO and PDF flags are examined, the reason for the device reset can be determined. If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still be sourced from the instruction clock and operate in the same manner except that in the Power-down mode the WDT will stop counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the device can only be restarted by external logic. If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the internal WDT oscillator is strongly recommended, since the Power-down mode will stop the system clock. The PDF flag is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction and is set when executing the ²HALT² instruction. The TO flag is set if a WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the program counter and the stack pointer, the other circuits will maintain their original status. A port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in port A can be independently selected to wake up the device, setup via configuration options. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program will resume execution at the next instruction. If it is awakening from an interrupt, two sequences may occur. If the related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program will resume execution at the next instruction. If the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt response takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² before entering the Power-down mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled. Once a wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 system clock periods to resume normal op- The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialise a device reset and set the status bit TO. In the Power-down mode, the overflow will initialise a warm reset where only the program counter and stack pointer are reset to 0. To clear the WDT contents, three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level to RES), software instructions, or a HALT instruction. The software instructions include CLR WDT and the other set - CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2. Of these two types of instruction, only one can be active depending on the options - ²CLR WDT times selection option². If the ²CLR WDT² is selected (i.e. CLRWDT times equal 1), any execution of the CLR WDT instruction will clear the WDT. If the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² option is selected (i.e. CLRWDT times equal two), these two S y s te m W D T O S C C lo c k /4 M a s k o p tio n s e le c t fs fs/2 D iv id e r 8 W D T P r e s c a le r M a s k O p tio n W D T C le a r T im e - o u t R e s e t fs/2 1 6 fs/2 1 5 fs/2 1 4 fs/2 1 3 Watchdog Timer Rev. 1.01 12 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A eration. In other words, a dummy period will be inserted after the wake-up. If the wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledge, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by one or more cycles. If the wake-up results in the next instruction execution, this will be executed immediately after the dummy period is finished. The functional unit chip reset status are shown below. To minimise power consumption, all the I/O pins should be carefully managed before entering the Power-down mode. Reset There are three ways in which a reset can occur: · RES pin reset during normal operation Program Counter 000H Interrupt Disable Prescaler, Divider Cleared WDT Clear. After master reset, WDT begins counting Timer/Event Counter Off PPG Timer Off PPG output Floating Input/Output Ports Input mode Stack Pointer Points to the top of the stack · RES pin reset during Power-down · WDT time-out reset during normal operation V The WDT time-out during a Power-down is different from other device reset conditions, since it can perform a ²warm reset² that resets only the program counter and the SP, leaving the other circuits in their original state. Some registers remain unchanged during other reset conditions. Most registers are reset to the ²initial condition² when the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between different ²chip resets². TO PDF 0 0 RES reset during power-up u u RES reset during normal operation 0 1 RES wake-up HALT 1 u WDT time-out during normal operation 1 1 WDT wake-up HALT V D D D D 0 .0 1 m F 1 0 0 k W 1 0 0 k W R E S R E S 0 .1 m F 1 0 k W B a s ic R e s e t C ir c u it H i-n o is e R e s e t C ir c u it 0 .1 m F Reset Circuit RESET Conditions Note: Most applications can use the Basic Reset Circuit as shown, however for applications with extensive noise, it is recommended to use the Hi-noise Reset Circuit. Note: ²u² means unchanged H A L T To guarantee that the system oscillator is started and stabilised, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system reset (power-up, WDT time-out or RES reset) or the system awakes from the Power-down state. W a rm R e s e t W D T R E S O S C 1 When a system reset occurs, the SST delay is added during the reset period. Any wake-up from a Power-down will enable the SST delay. S S T 1 0 - b it R ip p le C o u n te r S y s te m An extra option load time delay is added during a system reset (power-up, WDT time-out at normal mode or RES reset). C o ld R e s e t R e s e t Reset Configuration V D D R E S tS S T S S T T im e - o u t C h ip R e s e t Reset Timing Chart Rev. 1.01 13 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A The registers states are summarised in the following table. Register Reset (Power On) WDT Time-out RES Reset (Normal Operation) (Normal Operation) RES Reset (HALT) WDT Time-out (HALT)* MP0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu MP1 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ACC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 000H 000H 000H 000H 000H xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TBLH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu STATUS --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu INTC0 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu TMR0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TMR0C 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu TMR1 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu Program Counter TBLP TMR1C 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- uu-u u--- PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PB 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PBC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PC ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---u uuuu PCC ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---u uuuu INTC1 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -uuu -uuu PPG0C 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu PPGT0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu PPG1C 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 uuuu uu-u PPGT1 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu CMP0C -000 1000 -000 1000 -000 1000 -000 1000 -uuu uuuu CMP1C -000 1000 -000 1000 -000 1000 -000 1000 -uuu uuuu ADRL x--- ---- x--- ---- x--- ---- x--- ---- u--- ---- ADRH xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu ADCR 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 uuuu uuuu ACSR ---- --00 ---- --00 ---- --00 ---- --00 ---- --uu Note: ²*² stands for warm reset ²u² stands for unchanged ²x² stands for unknown Rev. 1.01 14 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Timer/Event Counter measured result remains in the timer/event counter even if the activated transient occurs again, as only a single 1-cycle measurement is made. Not until the T0ON/T1ON bit is once again set can further measurements be made. In this operational mode, the timer/event counter begins counting not according to the logic level but according to the transient edges. In the case of a counter overflow, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter register and issues an interrupt request, as in the other two modes, i.e.the event and timer modes. Two timer/event counters are implemented in the microcontroller. Timer/Event Counter 0 contains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter whose clock may be sourced from an external source or an internal clock source. The internal clock source comes from fSYS. Timer/Event Counter 1 contains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter whose clock may come from an external source or an internal clock source. The internal clock source comes from fSYS/4. The external clock input allows external events to be counted, time intervals or pulse widths to be measure. To enable the counting operation, the Timer ON bit, namely the T0ON bit of TMR0C or the T1ON of TMR1C, should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the T0ON/T1ON is automatically cleared after the measurement cycle is completed. But in the other two modes, the T0ON/T1ON can only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the Timer/Event Counters is one of the wake-up sources. The Timer/Event Counters can also be use to drive a PFD (Programmable Frequency Divider) output on pin PA3, selected via configuration options. Only one PFD, (PFD0 or PFD1) can be used with PA3 selected via configuration options. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to ET0I or ET1I disables the related interrupt service. When the PFD function is selected, executing a ²SET [PA].3² instruction will enable the PFD output while executing a ²CLR [PA].3² instruction will disable the PFD output. Using the internal system clock, the timer/event counter is has only one reference time base. If the timer clock source is sourced externally then timer intervals can be measured time intervals or pulse widths measured. Using the internal clock allows the user to generate an accurate time base. There are two registers associated with Timer/Event Counter 0, TMR0 and TMR0C (0EH) and two registers for Timer/Event Counter 1, TMR1 and TMR1C. Writing values into the TMR0 or TMR1 registers places a start value into the respective Timer/Event Counter 0/1 preload register while reading TMR0 or TMR1 retrieves the contents of the respective Timer/Event Counter. The TMR0C and TMR1C registers are the Timer/Event Counter control registers, which define the operating mode, the counting enable or disable and define the active edge. In the case of timer/event counter OFF condition, writing data to the timer/event counter preload register also reloads that data to the timer/event counter. However if the timer/event counter is already on, any data written to the timer/event counter is kept only in the timer/event counter preload register. The timer/event counter will continue normal operation until an overflow occurs. The T0M0/T1M0 and T0M1/T1M1 bits in the control registers define the operation mode. The event count mode is used to count external events, which means that the clock source will be sourced from the timer external pins, TMR0 and TMR1. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the internally selected clock source. The pulse width measurement mode can be used to measure the duration of a high or low level signal on either TMR0 or TMR1, whose time reference is based on the internally selected clock source. When the timer/event counter is read, the clock is blocked to avoid errors, and as this may results in a counting error, his should be taken into account by the programmer. It is strongly recommended to load a desired value into the TMR0/TMR1 registers first, before turning on the related timer/event counter, as the initial power on value of the TMR0/TMR1 registers are unknown. Due to the timer/event structure, the programmer should pay special attention when using instructions to enable then disable the timer for the first time, whenever there is a need to use the timer/event function, to avoid unpredictable results. After this procedure, the timer/event function can be operated normally. In the event count or timer mode, the timer/event counter starts counting from the current contents in the timer/event counter register and ends at FFH. Once an overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter preload register, and generates an interrupt request flag, which is the T0F bit in the MFIC register or the T1F bit in the MFIC register. In the pulse width measurement mode with the values of the T0ON/T1ON and T0E/T1E bits equal to ²1², after the respective Timer/Event counter has received a transient from low to high, or high to low dependent upon the value of the T0E/T1E bit, it will start counting until the respective logic level on the TMR0 or TMR1 pin returns to its original level and resets the T0ON/T1ON bit. The Rev. 1.01 Bit0~bit2 of TMR0C can be used to define the pre-scaling stages for the internal clock sources for the timer/event counter. The overflow signal of the timer/event counter are used to generate the PFD signals. 15 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A fS 8 - s ta g e P r e s c a le r Y S f IN 8 -1 M U X T D a ta b u s T 0 P S C 2 ~ T 0 P S C 0 (1 /1 ~ 1 /1 2 8 ) T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0 T M R 0 8 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P r e lo a d R e g is te r R e lo a d T 0 E T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0 T 0 O N 8 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r (T M R 0 ) P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l O v e r flo w T o In te rru p t P F D 0 Timer/Event Counter 0 fS Y S D a ta b u s /4 T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0 T M R 1 8 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P r e lo a d R e g is te r R e lo a d T 1 E 8 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r (T M R 1 ) P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0 T 1 O N O v e r flo w T o In te rru p t P F D 1 Timer/Event Counter 1 P F D 0 P F D 1 M U T X Q P F D P A 3 D a ta C T R L P F D S o u r c e O p tio n PFD Source Option Bit No. 0 1 2 Label T0PSC0 T0PSC1 T0PSC2 3 T0E 4 T0ON 5 ¾ 6 7 T0M0 T0M1 Function Define the prescaler stages, T0PSC2, T0PSC1, T0PSC0= 000: fINT=fSYS 001: fINT=fSYS/2 010: fINT=fSYS/4 011: fINT=fSYS/8 100: fINT=fSYS/16 101: fINT=fSYS/32 110: fINT=fSYS/64 111: fINT=fSYS/128 Defines the TMR0 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge Enable/disable the timer counting (0=disable; 1=enable) Unused bit, read as ²0² Define the operating mode (T0M1, T0M0) 01 = Event count mode (External clock) 10 = Timer mode (Internal clock) 11 = Pulse Width measurement mode (External clock) 00 = Unused TMR0C (0EH) Register Rev. 1.01 16 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Bit No. Label 0~2 ¾ 3 T1E 4 T1ON 5 ¾ 6 7 T1M0 T1M1 Function Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the TMR1 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge Enable/disable timer counting (0= disable; 1= enable) Unused bit, read as ²0² Define the operating mode (T1M1, T1M0) 01= Event count mode (External clock) 10= Timer mode (Internal clock) 11= Pulse Width measurement mode (External clock) 00= Unused TMR1C (11H) Register Programmable Pulse Generator - PPG or PPG1 timer prescaler rate, range form fSYS/1, fSYS/2, fSYS/4, fSYS/8, fSYS/16, fSYS/32, fSYS/64, fSYS/128, enable or disable stopping the PPG0/PPG1 timer using PISP/INT0 triggered input, enables or disable restarting the PPG0/PPG1timer using C1VO/PIRS triggered input, and control the PPG0/PPG1 software trigger bit to trigger the PPG0/PPG1 timer ON or OFF. The PPGT0 is the PPG0 preload register and PPGT1 is PPG1 preload register, these two register content decide the output pulse width. This device contains two 8-bit PPG output channels. Each PPG has a programmable period of 256´T, where ²T² can be 1/fSYS, 2/fSYS, 4/fSYS, 8/fSYS, 16/fSYS, 32/fSYS, 64/fSYS, 128/fSYS for an output pulse width. The PPG detects the falling edge of a trigger input, and then outputs a single pulse. The falling edge trigger may come from comparators, INT0, INT1 or software trigger bit, it can be selected by software, The PPG is capable of generating signals from 0.25ms to 8.192ms pulse width when the system frequency is operating at 4MHz. The PPG can set the polarity control bit (PxLEV) to be an active low or active high output (by mask option). A ²00H² data write to the PPGTx register yields a pulse width 256´T output. The PPG1 output is pin-shared with PA0. The function is selected via configuration option. If it is not selected as PPG1, the pin can operate as a normal I/O pin. If the pin is selected as a PPG1 output pin, the I/O function is disabled automatically. Any action causing PPG to stop such as a PPG timer overflow, a SW stop (P0ST=1 ® 0) - will cause the following actions to occur: ¨ Stop and clear the PPG prescaler (prescaler means prescaling counter, not P0PSC[2:0] in PPG0C) ¨ The PPG timer will be reloaded ¨ PxST will cleared ¨ PPGxO will be inactive · PPG0 functional description The PPG module consists of PPG timers, a PPG Mode Control, two comparators. Each of PPG timers consists of a prescaler, one 8-bit up-counter timer, and an 8-bit preload data register. The programmable pulse generator (PPG) starts counting at the current contents in the preload register and ends at ²FFH® 00H², Once an overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the PPG timer counter preload register, and generates an signal to stop the PPG timer. The software trigger bit (PxST) will be cleared when the PPG timer overflow occurs. There are four registers related to the PPG output function, two control registers: PPG0C and PPG1C and two timer preload register PPGT0 and PPGT1. Two control registers PPG0C and PPG1C define the PPG0 and PPG1 input control mode (trigger source), enable or disable the comparators, define the PPG0 Rev. 1.01 For a start delay £ 0.5 ´ (1/fSYS), when the start SYNC with clock is selected, the PPG pulse output will be trgiggered by either the rising or falling edge of the next clock (fSYS) edge. After the PPG starts, the PPG output becomes active and its prescaler begins to count as soon as first transition (falling or raising) of the system clock arrives. After the first trigger has completed, the following clock edge trigger type is decided by the first one. For example, once the PPG starts and if the next arriving clock transition is a falling edge, the PPG will be triggered by a falling edge until the PPG stops and vice versa. 17 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A IN T 1 IN T 0 C 1 IN T C 0 IN T D a ta B u s R e lo a d P r e lo a d R e g is te r C 1 V IN + + P C 4 /C 1 V IN - C 1 V O P P G 0 R e s tra t - P P G 0 T im e r O n /O ff P P G 0 T im e r O ff P C 1 /C 0 V IN + + P C 0 /C 0 V IN - C 0 V O M - U M P C 2 /C 0 O U T IN T 1 P IS P P P G 0 S to p P IR S P P G 1 R e s tra t X P P G 0 s ta rt P P G 1 s ta rt X P P G 1 T im e r O ff P 0 E N P 1 E N T P 0 P S C 2 P 0 P S C 1 P 0 P S C 0 X U fS fP P G 0 M Y S X U fP E d g e T r ig g e r C o n tr o l P G 1 X R a s in g o r F a llg in g S e le c tio n R a s in g o r F a llg in g S e le c tio n P P G 0 S ta rt P P G 1 P P G 1 O u tp u t T M Y S P 1 L E V ( O p tio n ) P 1 fs fP P G 1 fP P G 0 fS U O v e r flo w C M C M P 0 S P 1 S P r e s c a le r X M R e lo a d P P G 1 T im e r P 0 fs P r e s c a le r U P P G 0 P P G 1 T im e r O n /O ff P P G C o n tro l C le a r P r e s c a le r M P P G 0 O u tp u t P r e lo a d R e g is te r P P G 1 S to p C le a r P r e s c a le r P 1 fs P 0 L E V ( O p tio n ) P 0 fs D a ta B u s U P IE IN T 0 P 1 P S C 2 P 1 P S C 1 P 1 P S C 0 O v e r flo w P P G 0 T im e r P C 3 /C 1 O U T E d g e T r ig g e r C o n tr o l P P G 0 O u tp u t A c tiv e (S y n c M o d e ) P P G 1 S ta rt S ta r t S Y N C O p tio n P P G 1 O u tp u t A c tiv e (S y n c M o d e ) S ta r t S Y N C O p tio n PPG0 Block Diagram EX1: Since the first trigger type is falling edge after PPG starts, the PPG timer is triggered by falling edge until PPG stops. tS S y s te m Y S C lo c k S ta r t T r ig g e r P P G P u ls e < 0 .5 tS P P G Rev. 1.01 Y S n T im e r 18 n + 1 n + 2 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A EX2: Since the first trigger type is raising edge after PPG starts, the PPG timer is triggered by raising edge until PPG stops. tS S y s te m Y S C lo c k S ta r t T r ig g e r P P G P u ls e < 0 .5 tS P P G Y S T im e r n n + 1 n + 2 · PPG0C control register Bit No. PPG0C (20H) POR value 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 P0ST P0RSEN P0SPEN P0PSC2 P0PSC1 P0PSC0 CMP1EN CMP0EN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CMP0EN: Enables or disables Comparator 0 (0=disable, 1=enable) CMP1EN: Enables or disables Comparator 1 (0=disable, 1=enable) P0PSC2, P0PSC1, P0PSC0: These three bits select the PPG0 timer prescaler rate. P0SPEN: Enables or disables the stopping of the PPG0 timer using the C0VO trigger input (0=disable, 1=enable) P0RSEN: Enables or disables the restarting of the PPG0 timer using the C1VO trigger input. (0=disable, 1=enable) P0ST: PPG0 software trigger bit. (0=Stop PPG0, 1=Restart PPG0) The CMP0EN and CMP1EN bits are used as the comparator enable or disable bits. ¨ CMP0EN= ²0² (comparator is disabled) ® PC0/C0VIN-, PC1/C0VIN+, PC2/C0OUT are all GPIO pins ¨ CMP1EN= ²0² (comparator is disabled) ® PC3/C1OUT, PC4/C1VIN+ are all GPIO. ¨ CMP0EN= ²1² (comparator is enabled) ® PC2 will be automatically set to be an input only, the PC2 output function and the PC0/PC1/PC2 pull-high resistors are disabled automatically but PC0/PC1 will maintain their I/O function. Software instructions determine if Comparator 0 is enabled or not. ¨ CMP1EN= ²1² (comparator is enabled) ® PC3 will be automatically set to be an input only, the PC3 output function and the PC3/PC4 pull-high resistors will be disabled automatically but PC4 will maintain its I/O function. Software instructions determine if Comparator 1 is enabled or not. PPG0C: CMP1EN, CMP0EN comparator enable/disable bits CMP0EN Description 0 Disable the Comparator 0. PC0/C0VIN-, PC1/C0VIN+, PC2/C0OUT are all I/O pins. 1 Enable the Comparator 0. The PC0/C0VIN-, PC1/C0VIN+ are Comparator 0 input pins, PC2/C0OUT is a Comparator 0 output pin, PC2 output disabled, PC2 Pull-high resistor disabled. CMP1EN Description 0 Disable the Comparator 1. PC3/C1OUT, PC4/C1VIN+ is a PGIO pin. 1 Enable the Comparator 1. The PC3/C1OUT is a Comparator 1 output pin, PC3 output disable, PC3/PC4 Pull-high resistor disabled. Bits2~4 of the PPG0 control register, PPG0C, can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the PPG0 timer counter clock. Rev. 1.01 19 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A PPG0C: PPG0 timer prescaler rate bits P0PSC2 P0PSC1 P0PSC0 0 0 0 Prescaler Stage Definition P0fS=fSYS 0 0 1 P0fS=fSYS/2 0 1 0 P0fS=fSYS/4 0 1 1 P0fS=fSYS/8 1 0 0 P0fS=fSYS/16 1 0 1 P0fS=fSYS/32 1 1 0 P0fS=fSYS/64 1 1 1 P0fS=fSYS/128 The P0SPEN bit will enable or disable the PISP trigger stop control of PPG0. If this bit is enabled, the PPG0 stop input will be triggered by a falling edge on PISP. The PISP signal may be sourced from either C0VO, PC2 or INT1, determined by the PIE bit, which is bit0 of the PPG1C register. The P0RSEN bit will enable or disable the C1VO trigger restart control of PPG0. If this bit is enabled, the PPG0 timer restart input will be triggered by C1VO. The status of C0VO or C1VO can be read by setting PC2 or PC3 to be an input pin when Comparator 0 or Comparator 1 is enabled. P0SPEN Description 0 Disables the PISP trigger stop function of PPG0. In this case the PPG0 module output can only be stopped using software control (P0ST). 1 Enables the PISP trigger stop function of PPG0. In this case the PPG0 module can be stopped by a PISP falling edge trigger or by software control. (P0ST bit is cleared to ²0²). P0RSEN Description 0 Disables the C1VO trigger restart function of PPG0. In this case the PPG0 module output can only be restarted using software control (P0ST). 1 Enables the C1VO triggerr restart function of PPG0. In this case the PPG0 module output can be restarted by a C1VO falling edge trigger or by software control. (P0ST is set to ²1²) The P0ST bit is a software trigger bit, if this bit is set to ²1², the PPG0 timer will start counting and will be cleared when a PPG0 timer overflow occurs or if the PPG0 timer stops counting. If this bit is cleared to ²0², the PPG0 timer will stop counting. When the PPG timer is counting and if a falling edge is generated from C1VO, PC3 or if the software control bit, P0ST, is set, the PPG0 timer counter will not be affected, therefore a re-trigger signal from C1V0, PC3 or P0ST will have no effect. The P0ST bit can also be used as a status bit for the PPG0 timer output. The PPG0 module output pulse active level is decided by P0LEV bit a configuration option, if cleared to ²0², the PPG0 output will be defined as an active high output, if the P0LEV bit is set to ²1², the PPG0 output will be defined as an active low output. Another function, which enables the point when the PPG0 timer starts counting and if it is to be synchronised with the system clock or not is determined by a configuration option. · PPG1C control register Bit No. PPG1C (22H) POR value 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 P1ST P1RSEN P1SPEN P1PSC2 P1PSC1 P1PSC0 ¾ PIE 0 0 0 0 0 0 ¾ 0 PIE: PPG input exchange bit (0=disable, 1=Enable). P1PSC2, P1PSC1, P1PSC0: These three bits select the PPG1 timer prescaler rate. P1SPEN: Enables or disables stopping the PPG1 timer using INT0 trigger input (0=disable, 1=enable). P1RSEN: Enables or disables restarting the PPG1 timer using PIRS trigger input (0=disable, 1=enable). P1ST: PPG1 software trigger bit. (0=Stop PPG1, 1=Restart PPG1) The PIE bit is used as C0VO and INT1 exchange bit. When PIE bit is reset to 0, the PISP signal comes from INT1 and the PIRS signal comes from C0VO. When PIE bit is set to 1, the PISP signal comes from C0VO and the PIRS signal comes from INT1. Rev. 1.01 20 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A The P1SPEN and P1RSEN should be disabled before setting the PIE bit. PPG1C: PIE; C0VO and INT1 exchange bit PIE Description 0 The PISP signal is sourced from INT1 and the PIRS signal is sourced from C0VO. 1 The PISP signal is sourced from C0VO and the PIRS signal is sourced from INT1. Bits2~4 of the PPG1 control register, PPG1C, can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the PPG1 timer counter clock. PPG1C: PPG1 timer prescaler rate bits P1PSC2 P1PSC1 P1PSC0 0 0 0 Prescaler Stage Definition P1fS=fSYS 0 0 1 P1fS=fSYS/2 0 1 0 P1fS=fSYS/4 0 1 1 P1fS=fSYS/8 1 0 0 P1fS=fSYS/16 1 0 1 P1fS=fSYS/32 1 1 0 P1fS=fSYS/64 1 1 1 P1fS=fSYS/128 The P1SPEN is the PPG1 timer Off enable or disable bit using INT0 trigger input, if this bit is enabled, the PPG1 stopping input can be triggered by INT0 falling edge. The P1RSEN is the PPG1 restarting enable or disable bit using trigger input, if this bit is enabled, the PPG1 timer restarting input can be triggered by PIRS falling edge. The PIRS signal may come from C0VO, PC2 or INT1, determined by PIE (bit0 of the PPG1C). User can read the status of C0VO or C1VO by setting the PC2 or PC3 as an input pin when Comparator 0 or Comparator 1 is enabled. P1SPEN Description 0 Disable stopping the PPG1 timer using INT0 trigger input. PPG1 module output can be stopped by software control (P1ST) only. 1 Enable stopping the PPG0 timer using INT0 trigger input. PPG0 module output can be stopped by INT0 falling edge trigger or software control (P1ST bit is cleared to ²0²). P1RSEN Description 0 Disable restarting the PPG1 timer using PIRS trigger input. PPG1 module output can be restarted by software control (P1ST) only 1 Enable restarting the PPG1 timer using PIRS trigger input. PPG1 module output can be restarted by PIRS (C0VO or INT1) falling edge trigger or software control (P1ST is set to ²1²) The P1ST bit is a software trigger bit, if this bit is set to ²1², the PPG1 timer will start counting and will be cleared when a PPG1 timer overflow occurs or if the PPG1 timer stops counting. If this bit is cleared to ²0², the PPG1 timer will stop counting. When the PPG timer is counting and if a falling edge is generated from PIRS or if the software control bit, P1ST, is set, the PPG1 timer counter will not be affected, therefore a re-trigger signal from PIRS or P1ST will have no effect. The P1ST bit can also be used as a status bit for the PPG1 timer output. The PPG1 module output pulse active level is decided by P1LEV bit a configuration option, if cleared to ²0², the PPG1 output will be defined as an active high output, if the P1LEV bit is set to ²1², the PPG1 output will be defined as an active low output. Another function, which enables the point when the PPG timer starts counting and if it is to be synchronised with the system clock or not is determined by a configuration option. Rev. 1.01 21 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Comparator To start the PPG operation: - Setting the PPGx (PPG0/1) output active level (P0LEV, P1LEV; by options). - PPGx input mode selection (P0RSEN, P0SPEN, P1RSEN, P1SPEN, PIE). - Decision the PPGx output pulse width. Writing data to PPGTx and PPGx timer prescaler (PxPSC2, PxPSC1, PxPSC0). - Decision the PPGx timer start counting is synchronized with Pxfs clock or not (P0TSYN, P1TSYN; by options). - When PPG0 input is triggered by C1VO falling edge transition or triggered by software bit which is set to ²1²; (P0ST ® 1), the PPG0 will start counting from current content of preload register. When PPG0 input is trigged by PISP falling edge transition, triggered by software bit which is cleared to ²0² (P0ST ® 0), or PPG0 timer overflow occurs, the PPG0 will stop counting. When PPG1 input is triggered by PIRS falling edge transition or triggered by software bit which is set to ²1² (P1ST ® 1), the PPG1 will start counting from current content of preload register. When PPG1 input is trigged by INT0 falling edge transition, triggered by software bit which is cleared to ²0² (P1ST ® 0), or PPG1 timer overflow occurs, the PPG1 will stop counting. The input voltage offset of the PPG comparator is adjustable by using common mode inputs to calibrate the offset. V r C O The calibration steps are as follows: C N C P S 1 S 2 C O S 3 · Set CnCOFM = 1 to offset the cancellation mode - S3 is closed · Set CnCRS to select which input pin is the reference voltage - S1 or S2 closed · Adjust CnCOF0~CnCOF3 until the output status changes · Set CnCOFM = 0 for the normal comparator operation mode. Bit No. Label 0 1 2 3 C0COF0 C0COF1 C0COF2 C0COF3 Function POR Comparator input offset voltage cancellation control bits 4 C0CRS Comparator input offset voltage cancellation reference selection bit 1/0: select CP/CN as the reference input 0 5 C0COFM Input offset voltage cancellation mode and comparator mode selection 1: input offset voltage cancellation mode 0: comparator mode 0 6 C0CMPOP 7 ¾ 1000B Comparator output; positive logic 0 Unused bit, read as ²0² 0 CMP0C (1CH) Register Bit No. Label 0 1 2 3 C1COF0 C1COF1 C1COF2 C1COF3 Function POR Comparator input offset voltage cancellation control bits 4 C1CRS Comparator input offset voltage cancellation reference selection bit 1/0: select CP/CN as the reference input 0 5 C1COFM Input offset voltage cancellation mode and comparator mode selection 1: input offset voltage cancellation mode 0: comparator mode 0 6 C1CMPOP Comparator output; positive logic 0 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² 0 1000B Note: The comparator 0/1 enable is controlled by CMP0EN/COMP1EN in PPG0C/PPG1C. CMP1C (1DH) Register Rev. 1.01 22 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A cleared by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² (m=12H, 14H or 16H) instructions. Input/Output Ports There are 20 bidirectional input/output lines in the microcontroller, labeled as PA, PB and PC, which are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H] and [16H] respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output operations. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]² (m=12H, 14H or 16H). For output operation, all the data is latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. Some instructions first input data and then follow the output operations. For example, ²SET [m].i², ²CLR [m].i², ²CPL [m]², ²CPLA [m]² read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or the accumulator. Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the device. Each I/O port has a pull-high option. Once the pull-high option is selected, the I/O port has a pull-high resistor, otherwise, there¢s none. Take note that a non-pull-high I/O port operating in input mode will cause a floating state. Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC) to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register must write ²1². The input source also depends on the control register. If the control register bit is ²1², the input will read the pad state. If the control register bit is ²0², the contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The latter is possible in the ²read-modify-write² instruction. The PA0, PA3, PA4, PA5, PA6 and PA7 are pin-shared with PPG1, PFD, TMR0, INT0, INT1 and TMR1 pins respectively. And the PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 are pin-shared with C0VIN1-, C0VIN+, C0OUT, C1OUT and C1VIN-. The PA3 is pin-shared with the PFD signal. If the PFD option is selected, the output signal in output mode of PA3 will be the PFD signal generated by a timer/event counter overflow signal. The input mode always remain in its original functions. Once the PFD option is selected, the PFD output signal is controlled by the PA3 data register only. Writing ²1² to PA3 data register will enable the PFD output function and writing ²0² will force the PA3 to remain at ²0². For output function, CMOS is the only configuration. These control registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H and 17H. After a chip reset, these input/output lines remain at high levels or floating state (depending on pull-high options). Each bit of these input/output latches can be set or V C o n tr o l B it D a ta B u s Q D W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r C K P A P A P A P A P A P A P A P B P C P C P C P C P C Q S C h ip R e s e t R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r D a ta B it Q D W r ite D a ta R e g is te r C K S Q M (P A 0 ) P A 3 (P P G 1 ) P F D M R e a d D a ta R e g is te r S y s te m U 0 fo r 1 fo r 0 fo r 1 fo r t 2 fo P A 5 P A 6 P A 4 P A 7 r P C U 0 /P 1 , P 3 /P 4 /T 5 /IN 6 /IN 7 /T 0 /A 0 /C 1 /C 2 /C 3 /C 4 /C P G A 2 F D M R T 0 T 1 M R N 0 1 V 1 V 1 O 2 O 1 V 1 0 1 ~ P IN IN U U IN B 7 /A N 7 T T + - X E N (P F D ) X W a k e - u p ( P A o n ly ) IN T IN T T M R T M R E x te r n a l in te r r u p D D P u ll- h ig h O p tio n O P 0 ~ O P 7 O n ly O n ly O n ly O n ly 1 o n ly Input/Output Ports Rev. 1.01 23 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A A/D converter control register, which defines the A/D channel number, analog channel select, start A/D conversion control bit and end of A/D conversion flag. If users want to start an A/D conversion, define the PB configuration, select the converted analog channel, and give START bit a raising edge and falling edge (0®1®0). At the end of A/D conversion, the EOCB bit is cleared and an A/D converter interrupt occurs (if the A/D converter interrupt is enabled). The ACSR is A/D clock setting register, which is used to select the A/D clock source. The I/O functions of PA3 are shown below. I/O Mode Logical Input PA3 Note: I/P O/P (Normal) (Normal) I/P (PFD) Logical Output O/P (PFD) Logical PFD Input (Timer on) The PFD frequency is the timer/event counter overflow frequency divided by 2. It is recommended that unused or not bonded out I/O lines should be set as output pins by software instruction to avoid consuming power under input floating state. The A/D converter control register is used to control the A/D converter. The bit2~bit0 of the ADCR are used to select an analog input channel. There¢s a total of 4 channels to select. The bit5~bit3 of the ADCR are used to set the PB configurations. PB can be an analog input or as digital I/O line determined by these 3 bits. The PFD (PFD0 or PFD1) output shares pin with PA3, as determined by options. When the PFD (PFD0 or PFD1) option is selected, setting PA3 ²1² (²SET PA.3²) will enable the PFD output and setting PA3 ²0² (²CLR PA.3²) will disable the PFD output and PA3 output at low level. Once a PB line is selected as an analog input, the I/O functions and pull-high resistor of this I/O line are disabled and the A/D converter circuit is powered on. The EOCB bit (bit6 of the ADCR) is end of A/D conversion flag. Check this bit to know when A/D conversion is completed. The START bit of the ADCR is used to begin the conversion of the A/D converter. Giving START bit a rising edge and falling edge means that the A/D conversion has started. In order to ensure that A/D conversion is completed, the START should remain at ²0² until the EOCB is cleared to ²0² (end of A/D conversion). The definitions of PFD control signal and PFD output frequency are listed in the following table. Timer PA3 Data PA3 Pad Timer Preload Register State Value PFD Frequency OFF X 0 0 X OFF X 1 U X ON N 0 0 X ON N 1 PFD fTMR/[2´(M-N)] Note: Bit 7 of the ACSR register is used for test purposes only and must not be used for other purposes by the application program. Bit1 and bit0 of the ACSR register are used to select the A/D clock source. ²X² stands for unused ²U² stands for unknown ²M² is ²256² for PFD ²N² is preload value for the timer/event counter ²f T M R ² is input clock frequency for the timer/event counter When the A/D conversion has completed, the A/D interrupt request flag will be set. The EOCB bit is set to ²1² when the START bit is set from ²0² to ²1². Important Note for A/D initialization: Special care must be taken to initialize the A/D converter each time the Port B A/D channel selection bits are modified, otherwise the EOCB flag may be in an undefined condition. An A/D initialization is implemented by setting the START bit high and then clearing it to zero within 10 instruction cycles of the Port B channel selection bits being modified. Note that if the Port B channel selection bits are all cleared to zero then an A/D initialization is not required. A/D Converter The 8 channels and 9-bit resolution A/D (8-bit accuracy) converter are implemented in this microcontroller. The reference voltage is VDD. The A/D converter contains four special registers which are; ADRL (24H), ADRH (25H), ADCR (26H) and ACSR (27H). The ADRH and ADRL are A/D result register higher-order byte and lower-order byte and are read-only. After the A/D conversion is completed, the ADRH and ADRL should be read to get the conversion result data. The ADCR is an Rev. 1.01 24 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Bit No. Label Function Selects the A/D converter clock source 00: system clock/2 ADCS0 01: system clock/8 ADCS1 10: system clock/32 11: undefined 0 1 2~6 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² 7 TEST For test mode used only ACSR (27H) Register Bit No. Label Function 0 1 2 ACS0 ACS1 ACS2 ACS2, ACS1, ACS0: Select A/D channel 0, 0, 0: AN0 0, 0, 1: AN1 0, 1, 0: AN2 0, 1, 1: AN3 1, 0, 0: AN4 1, 0, 1: AN5 1, 1, 0: AN6 1, 1, 1: AN7 3 4 5 PCR0 PCR1 PCR2 Defines the port B configuration select. If PCR0, PCR1 and PCR2 are all zero, the ADC circuit is powered off to reduce power consumption 6 EOCB Indicates end of A/D conversion. (0 = end of A/D conversion) Each time bits 3~5 change state the A/D should be initialized by issuing a START signal, otherwise the EOCB flag may have an undefined condition. See ²Important note for A/D initialization². 7 START Starts the A/D conversion. (0®1®0= start; 0®1= Reset A/D converter and set EOCB to ²1²) ADCR (26H) Register Register Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 ADRL (24H) D0 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ADRH (25H) D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 Note: D0~D8 is A/D conversion result data bit LSB~MSB. ADRL (24H), ADRH (25H) Register PCR2 PCR1 PCR0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB1 PB0 0 0 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB1 AN0 0 1 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 AN1 AN0 0 1 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 0 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 0 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 1 0 PB7 PB6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 1 1 AN7 AN6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 Port B Configuration Rev. 1.01 25 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A The following two programming examples illustrate how to setup and implement an A/D conversion. In the first example, the method of polling the EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to detect when the conversion cycle is complete, whereas in the second example, the A/D interrupt is used to determine when the conversion is complete. Example: using EOCB Polling Method to detect end of conversion clr EADI ; disable ADC interrupt mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov a,00100000B ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs mov ADCR,a ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter : : ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles : Start_conversion: clr START set START ; reset A/D clr START ; start A/D Polling_EOC: sz EOCB ; poll the ADCR register EOCB bit to detect end of A/D conversion jmp polling_EOC ; continue polling mov a,ADRH ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register mov adrh_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory mov a,ADRL ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register mov adrl_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory : : jmp start_conversion ; start next A/D conversion Example: using interrupt method to detect end of conversion clr EADI ; disable ADC interrupt mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov mov a,00100000B ADCR,a : ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles : Start_conversion: clr START set START clr START clr ADF set EADI set EMI : : : ; ADC interrupt service routine ADC_ISR: mov acc_stack,a mov a,STATUS mov status_stack,a : : mov a,ADRH mov adrh_buffer,a mov a,ADRL mov adrl_buffer,a clr START set START clr START : : EXIT_INT_ISR: mov a,status_stack mov STATUS,a mov a,acc_stack reti Rev. 1.01 ; reset A/D ; start A/D ; clear ADC interrupt request flag ; enable ADC interrupt ; enable global interrupt ; save ACC to user defined memory ; save STATUS to user defined memory ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register ; save result to user defined register ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register ; save result to user defined register ; reset A/D ; start A/D ; restore STATUS from user defined memory ; restore ACC from user defined memory 26 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A M in im u m o n e in s tr u c tio n c y c le n e e d e d , M a x im u m te n in s tr u c tio n c y c le s a llo w e d S T A R T E O C B A /D s a m p lin g tim e tA D C S P C R 2 ~ P C R 0 0 0 0 B A /D tA s a m p lin g tim e A /D tA D C S 1 0 0 B 1 0 0 B s a m p lin g tim e D C S 1 0 1 B 0 0 0 B 1 . P B p o rt s e tu p a s I/O s 2 . A /D c o n v e r te r is p o w e r e d o ff to r e d u c e p o w e r c o n s u m p tio n A C S 2 ~ A C S 0 0 0 0 B P o w e r-o n R e s e t 0 1 0 B 0 0 0 B 0 0 1 B S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n 1 : D e fin e P B c o n fig u r a tio n 2 : S e le c t a n a lo g c h a n n e l A /D N o te : A /D c lo c k m u s t b e fS tA D C S = 3 2 tA D tA D C = 7 6 tA D Y S /2 , fS tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e Y S /8 o r fS Y S d o n 't c a r e R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n A /D tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n A /D tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e /3 2 A/D Conversion Timing Low Voltage Reset - LVR The relationship between VDD and VLVR is shown below. The microcontroller provides low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. If the supply voltage of the device is within the range 0.9V~VLVR, such as changing a battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. V D D 5 .5 V The LVR includes the following specifications: 3 .0 V V V L V R 2 .2 V · The low voltage (0.9V~VLVR) state has to be main- tained for more than 1ms. If the low voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it and do not perform a reset function. 0 .9 V Note: VOPR is the voltage range for proper chip operation at 4MHz system clock. · The LVR uses the ²OR² function with the external RES signal to perform a chip reset. V O P R 5 .5 V D D 5 .5 V V L V R L V R D e te c t V o lta g e 0 .9 V 0 V R e s e t S ig n a l N o r m a l O p e r a tio n R e s e t *1 R e s e t *2 Low Voltage Reset Note: *1: To ensure oscillator stabilisation, the SST provides an extra 1024 system clock pulse delay before normal operation commences. *2: Since the low voltage state has to be maintained for over 1ms, after this 1ms delay, the device will enter the reset mode. Rev. 1.01 27 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Options The following shows ten kinds of options in the microcontroller. ALL the options must be defined to ensure proper system function. Options OSC type selection. This option is to determine whether an RC or crystal oscillator is chosen as system clock. WDT clock source selection. WDT oscillator or fsys/4. WDT enable/disable selection. WDT can be enabled or disabled by option. WDT time-out period selection. There are four types of selection: fS/213, fS/214, fS/215 and fS/216 CLRWDT times selection. This option defines how to clear the WDT by instruction. ²One time² means that the CLR WDT instruction can clear the WDT. ²Two times² means only if both of the CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 instructions have been executed, then WDT can be cleared. Wake-up selection. This option defines the wake-up function activity. External I/O pins (PA only) all have the capability to wake-up the chip from a HALT. Pull-high selection. This option is to determine whether a pull-high resistance is viable or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. PA0~PA7, can be independently selected. Pull-high selection. This option is to determine whether a pull-high resistance is viable or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. PB0~PB7, can be independently selected. This option is to determine whether a pull-high resistance is viable or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. PC0~PC4 byte option. I/O pins share with other function selections. PA0/PPG1: PA0 can be set as I/O pins or PPG1 output. I/O pins share with other function selections. PA3/PFD: PA3 can be set as I/O pins or PFD output. PFD selection: If PA3 is set as PFD output, there are two types of selections; One is PFD0 as the PFD output, the other is PFD1 as the PFD output. PFD0, PFD1 are generated by the timer overflow signals of the Timer/Event Counter 0, Timer/Event Counter 1 respectively. Low voltage reset selection. Enable or disable the LVR function. PPG0 output level selection; P0LEV. This option is to determine the PPG0 output level. Active Low or Active High selection. Disable this bit to ²0², the PPG0 output will be defined as an active high output, Enable this bit to ²1², the PPG0 output will be defined as an active low output. PPG1 output level selection; P1LEV. This option is to determine the PPG1 output level. Active Low or Active High selection. Disable this bit to ²0², the PPG1 output will be defined as an active high output, Enable this bit to ²1², the PPG1 output will be defined as an active low output. PPG0 timer start counting synchronized with clock; P0TSYN. This option is to determine whether the PPG0 timer start counting is synchronized with input clock or not. PPG1 timer start counting synchronized with clock; P1TSYN. This option is to determine the PPG1 timer start counting is synchronized with input clock or not. Rev. 1.01 28 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Application Circuits V D D V D D R e s e t C ir c u it 1 0 0 k W 0 .1 m F R E S P A 0 /P P P A 2 , P P A 3 /P P A 4 /T M P A 5 /IN P A 6 /IN P A 7 /T M V R O S C ~ V S S O S C 1 O S C 2 P C P C P C P C P C 0 /C 1 /C 2 /C 3 /C 4 /C 0 V 0 V 0 O 1 O 1 V IN IN U U IN C 1 - + O S C 1 fS Y S /4 T T C 2 - R C S y s te m O s c illa to r 2 4 k W < R O S C < 1 M W O S C 2 O S C 1 R 1 H T 4 6 R 1 4 A Note: D D 4 7 0 p F P B 0 /A N 0 P B 7 /A N 7 0 .1 m F O S C C ir c u it G 1 A 3 F D R 0 T 0 T 1 R 1 O S C 2 C r y s ta l/R e s o n a to r S y s te m O s c illa to r F o r R 1 , C 1 , C 2 s e e n o te O S C C ir c u it 1. Crystal/resonator system oscillators For crystal oscillators, C1 and C2 are only required for some crystal frequencies to ensure oscillation. For resonator applications C1 and C2 are normally required for oscillation to occur. For most applications it is not necessary to add R1. However if the LVR function is disabled, and if it is required to stop the oscillator when VDD falls below its operating range, it is recommended that R1 is added. The values of C1 and C2 should be selected in consultation with the crystal/resonator manufacturer specifications. 2. Reset circuit The reset circuit resistance and capacitance values should be chosen to ensure that VDD is stable and remains within its operating voltage range before the RES pin reaches a high level. Ensure that the length of the wiring connected to the RES pin is kept as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. 3. For applications where noise may interfere with the reset circuit and for details on the oscillator external components, refer to Application Note HA0075E for more information. Rev. 1.01 29 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Instruction Set subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values in the destination specified. Introduction Central to the successful operation of any microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads. Logical and Rotate Operations For easier understanding of the various instruction codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings. The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass through the Accumulator which may involve additional programming steps. In all logical data operations, the zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero. Another form of logical data manipulation comes from the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for serial port programming applications where data can be rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit set high or low. Another application where rotate data operations are used is to implement multiplication and division calculations. Instruction Timing Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system oscillator, most instructions would be implemented within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved then only one cycle is required. Branches and Control Transfer Program branching takes the form of either jumps to specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause the program to jump back to the address right after the CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the program simply jumps to the desired location. There is no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and jump to the following instruction. These instructions are the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits. Moving and Transferring Data The transfer of data within the microcontroller program is one of the most frequently used operations. Making use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be transferred from registers to the Accumulator and vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most important data transfer applications is to receive data from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports. Arithmetic Operations The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and data manipulation is a necessary feature of most microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and Rev. 1.01 30 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Bit Operations Other Operations The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for output port bit programming where individual bits or port pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET [m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the 8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure that other bits are not changed and then output the port with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used. In addition to the above functional instructions, a range of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations, refer to the functional related sections. Instruction Set Summary The following table depicts a summary of the instruction set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions. Table Read Operations Table conventions: Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory. Mnemonic x: Bits immediate data m: Data Memory address A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: Program memory address Description Cycles Flag Affected 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1Note 1Note Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV C 1 1 1 1Note 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 1 1Note 1 1Note Z Z Z Z Arithmetic ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m] DAA [m] Add Data Memory to ACC Add ACC to Data Memory Add immediate data to ACC Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Add ACC to Data memory with Carry Subtract immediate data from the ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory Logic Operation AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m] Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Logical AND immediate Data to ACC Logical OR immediate Data to ACC Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC Complement Data Memory Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Increment & Decrement INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m] Rev. 1.01 Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Increment Data Memory Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Decrement Data Memory 31 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Mnemonic Description Cycles Flag Affected Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left through Carry 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note None None C C None None C C Move Data Memory to ACC Move ACC to Data Memory Move immediate data to ACC 1 1Note 1 None None None Clear bit of Data Memory Set bit of Data Memory 1Note 1Note None None Jump unconditionally Skip if Data Memory is zero Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt 2 1Note 1note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 2 2 2 2 None None None None None None None None None None None None None Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory 2Note 2Note None None No operation Clear Data Memory Set Data Memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of Data Memory Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode 1 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 1 None None None TO, PDF TO, PDF TO, PDF None None TO, PDF Rotate RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m] Data Move MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x Bit Operation CLR [m].i SET [m].i Branch JMP addr SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI Table Read TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m] Miscellaneous NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT Note: 1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required, if no skip takes place only one cycle is required. 2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution. 3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Rev. 1.01 32 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Instruction Definition ADC A,[m] Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADCM A,[m] Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADD A,[m] Add Data Memory to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADD A,x Add immediate data to ACC Description The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + x Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADDM A,[m] Add ACC to Data Memory Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C AND A,[m] Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) Z AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x Affected flag(s) Z ANDM A,[m] Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.01 33 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A CALL addr Subroutine call Description Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction. Operation Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1 Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) None CLR [m] Clear Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m] ¬ 00H Affected flag(s) None CLR [m].i Clear bit of Data Memory Description Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m].i ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) None CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF CLR WDT1 Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no effect. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF CLR WDT2 Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no effect. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF Rev. 1.01 34 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A CPL [m] Complement Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. Operation [m] ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Z CPLA [m] Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Z DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory Description Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + 00H or [m] ¬ ACC + 06H or [m] ¬ ACC + 60H or [m] ¬ ACC + 66H Affected flag(s) C DEC [m] Decrement Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m] - 1 Affected flag(s) Z DECA [m] Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] - 1 Affected flag(s) Z HALT Enter power down mode Description This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared. Operation TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF Rev. 1.01 35 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A INC [m] Increment Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m] + 1 Affected flag(s) Z INCA [m] Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] + 1 Affected flag(s) Z JMP addr Jump unconditionally Description The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction. Operation Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) None MOV A,[m] Move Data Memory to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) None MOV A,x Move immediate data to ACC Description The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) None MOV [m],A Move ACC to Data Memory Description The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC Affected flag(s) None NOP No operation Description No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction. Operation No operation Affected flag(s) None OR A,[m] Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.01 36 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x Affected flag(s) Z ORM A,[m] Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z RET Return from subroutine Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack Affected flag(s) None RET A,x Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) None RETI Return from interrupt Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack EMI ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) None RL [m] Rotate Data Memory left Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) None RLA [m] Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.01 37 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A RLC [m] Rotate Data Memory left through Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) C RLCA [m] Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) C RR [m] Rotate Data Memory right Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None RRA [m] Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None RRC [m] Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) C RRCA [m] Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) C Rev. 1.01 38 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A SBC A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SBCM A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SDZ [m] Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation [m] ¬ [m] - 1 Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SDZA [m] Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] - 1 Skip if ACC = 0 Affected flag(s) None SET [m] Set Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ FFH Affected flag(s) None SET [m].i Set bit of Data Memory Description Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. Operation [m].i ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.01 39 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A SIZ [m] Skip if increment Data Memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation [m] ¬ [m] + 1 Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SIZA [m] Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] + 1 Skip if ACC = 0 Affected flag(s) None SNZ [m].i Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0 Description If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m].i ¹ 0 Affected flag(s) None SUB A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC Description The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SUBM A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Description The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ ACC - [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from ACC Description The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - x Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C Rev. 1.01 40 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A SWAP [m] Swap nibbles of Data Memory Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. Operation [m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4 Affected flag(s) None SWAPA [m] Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4 ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None SZ [m] Skip if Data Memory is 0 Description If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SZA [m] Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SZ [m].i Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0 Description If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m].i = 0 Affected flag(s) None TABRDC [m] Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Description The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. Operation [m] ¬ program code (low byte) TBLH ¬ program code (high byte) Affected flag(s) None TABRDL [m] Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory Description The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. Operation [m] ¬ program code (low byte) TBLH ¬ program code (high byte) Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.01 41 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A XOR A,[m] Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z XORM A,[m] Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.01 42 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Package Information 28-pin SKDIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions A B 2 8 1 5 1 1 4 H C D E Symbol Rev. 1.01 F I G Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 1375 ¾ 1395 B 278 ¾ 298 C 125 ¾ 135 D 125 ¾ 145 E 16 ¾ 20 F 50 ¾ 70 G ¾ 100 ¾ H 295 ¾ 315 I ¾ ¾ 375 43 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A 28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions 2 8 1 5 A B 1 1 4 C C ' G H D E a F · MS-013 Symbol Rev. 1.01 Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 393 ¾ 419 B 256 ¾ 300 C 12 ¾ 20 C¢ 697 ¾ 713 D ¾ ¾ 104 E ¾ 50 ¾ F 4 ¾ 12 G 16 ¾ 50 H 8 ¾ 13 a 0° ¾ 8° 44 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Product Tape and Reel Specifications Reel Dimensions D T 2 A C B T 1 SOP 28W (300mil) Symbol Description Dimensions in mm A Reel Outer Diameter 330.0±1.0 B Reel Inner Diameter 100.0±1.5 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5/-0.2 D Key Slit Width T1 Space Between Flange T2 Reel Thickness Rev. 1.01 2.0±0.5 24.8+0.3/-0.2 30.2±0.2 45 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Carrier Tape Dimensions P 0 D P 1 t E F W C D 1 B 0 P K 0 A 0 R e e l H o le IC p a c k a g e p in 1 a n d th e r e e l h o le s a r e lo c a te d o n th e s a m e s id e . SOP 28W Symbol Description Dimensions in mm W Carrier Tape Width 24.0±0.3 P Cavity Pitch 12.0±0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75±0.10 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 11.5±0.1 D Perforation Diameter 1.5+0.1/-0.0 D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.50+0.25/-0.00 P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 10.85±0.10 B0 Cavity Width 18.34±0.10 K0 Cavity Depth 2.97±0.10 t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.35±0.01 C Cover Tape Width 21.3±0.1 Rev. 1.01 46 January 21, 2009 HT46R14A Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters) No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office) 4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2655-7070 Fax: 886-2-2655-7373 Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline) Holtek Semiconductor (China) Inc. (Dongguan Sales Office) Building No. 10, Xinzhu Court, (No. 1 Headquarters), 4 Cuizhu Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, China 523808 Tel: 86-769-2626-1300 Fax: 86-769-2626-1311 Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office) 46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538, USA Tel: 1-510-252-9880 Fax: 1-510-252-9885 http://www.holtek.com Copyright Ó 2008 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw. Rev. 1.01 47 January 21, 2009