HT46R32/HT46R34 A/D Type 8-Bit OTP MCU with OPA Technical Document · Tools Information · FAQs · Application Note - HA0003E Communicating between the HT48 & HT46 Series MCUs and the HT93LC46 EEPROM - HA0049E Read and Write Control of the HT1380 - HA0051E Li Battery Charger Demo Board - Using the HT46R47 - HA0052E Microcontroller Application - Battery Charger - HA0083E Li Battery Charger Demo Board - Using the HT46R46 Features · Operating voltage: · Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock fSYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V fSYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V at VDD=5V · 6-level subroutine nesting · 20 bidirectional I/O lines (max.) · 4 channel 12-bit resolution A/D converter · Single interrupt input shared with an I/O line · Integrated single operational amplifier or comparator · 8-bit programmable timer/event counter with overflow selectable via configuration option interrupt and 7-stage prescaler · Dual 8-bit PWM outputs shared with I/O lines · Integrated crystal and RC oscillator · Bit manipulation instruction · Watchdog Timer · Full table read instruction · 2048´14 Program Memory capacity - HT46R32 · 63 powerful instructions 4096´15 Program Memory capacity - HT46R34 · All instructions executed in one or two machine · 88´8 Data Memory capacity - HT46R32 cycles · Low voltage reset function 192´8 Data Memory capacity - HT46R34 · Integrated PFD function for sound generation · 28-pin SKDIP/SOP/SSOP package · Power-down and wake-up functions reduce power consumption General Description With the comprehensive features of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, programmable frequency divider, timer functions, oscillator options, multi-channel A/D Converter OP/Comparator, Pulse Width Modulation function, Power-down and wake-up functions etc, the application scope of these devices is broad and encompasses areas such as sensor signal processing, motor driving, industrial control, consumer products, subsystem controllers, etc. The HT46R32 and HT46R34 are 8-bit, high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller devices. With their fully integrated A/D converter they are especially suitable for applications which interface to analog signals, such as those from sensors. The addition of an internal operational amplifier/comparator and PWM modulation functions further adds to the analog capability of these devices. Rev. 1.11 1 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Block Diagram P A 5 /IN T In te rru p t C ir c u it P ro g ra m R O M M T M R C S T A C K P ro g ra m C o u n te r IN T C T M R P A 3 /P F D In s tr u c tio n R e g is te r M M P U X P o rt D P D M U X A L U O S C 2 O S R E V D V S S S P B C A C C P o rt B P B P A 3 , P A 5 C 1 Y S P A 4 /T M R X P A 4 fS U Y S /4 W D T O S C X P D P D P D P D 0 /P W M 0 1 /P W M 1 2 3 4 -C h a n n e l A /D C o n v e rte r S T A T U S S h ifte r T im in g G e n e ra to r fS P W M P D C In s tr u c tio n D e c o d e r P r e s c a le r M W D T D A T A M e m o ry U L V R P A C D P A P o rt A P B 0 /A N 0 ~ P B 3 /A N 3 P B 4 ~ P B 7 P A P A P A P A P A 0 ~ P 3 /P 4 /T 5 /IN 6 ~ P A 2 F D M R T A 7 A P N A P P A P O Rev. 1.11 2 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Pin Assignment P B 5 1 2 8 P B 6 P B 4 2 2 7 P B 7 P A 3 /P F D 3 2 6 P A 4 /T M R P A 2 4 2 5 P A 5 /IN T P A 1 5 2 4 P A 6 P A 0 6 2 3 P A 7 P B 3 /A N 3 7 2 2 O S C 2 P B 2 /A N 2 8 2 1 O S C 1 P B 1 /A N 1 9 2 0 V D D P B 0 /A N 0 1 0 1 9 R E S A P O 1 1 1 8 P D 0 /P W M 0 A P N 1 2 1 7 P D 1 /P W M 1 A P P 1 3 1 6 P D 2 V S S 1 4 1 5 P D 3 H T 4 6 R 3 2 /H T 4 6 R 3 4 2 8 S K D IP -A /S O P -A /S S O P -A Pin Description Pin Name PA0~PA2 PA3/PFD PA4/TMR PA5/INT PA6, PA7 I/O Options Description I/O Pull-high Wake-up PA3 or PFD Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each pin can be configured as wake-up input by configuration options. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. The PFD, TMR and INT pins are pin-shared with PA3, PA4 and PA5, respectively. PB0/AN0 PB1/AN1 PB2/AN2 PB3/AN3 PB4~PB7 I/O Pull-high Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. Pins PB0~PB3 are pin-shared with the A/D input pins. The A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D input, the I/O function and pull-high resistor are disabled automatically. PD0/PWM0 PD1/PWM1 PD2 PD3 I/O Pull-high PD0 or PWM0 PD1 or PWM1 Bi-directional 4-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on this port have pull-high resistors. PD0/PD1 are pin-shared with the PWM0/PWM1 outputs selected via configuration option. APO APN APP O I I ¾ APO, APN and APP are the internal operational amplifier, output pin, negative input pin and positive input pin respectively . RES I ¾ Schmitt trigger reset input. Active low. VDD ¾ ¾ Positive power supply VSS ¾ ¾ Negative power supply, ground. OSC1 OSC2 I O Crystal or RC Rev. 1.11 OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal, determined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. If the RC system clock option is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to measure the system clock at 1/4 frequency. 3 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V IOL Total ..............................................................150mA Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C IOH Total............................................................-100mA Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. D.C. Characteristics Symbol Parameter Operating Temperature: 40°C~+85°C, Ta=25°C Test Conditions VDD Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit ¾ fSYS=4MHz 2.2 ¾ 5.5 V ¾ fSYS=8MHz 3.3 ¾ 5.5 V 3V No load, fSYS=4MHz ADC disable VDD Operating Voltage IDD1 Operating Current (Crystal OSC) IDD2 Operating Current (RC OSC) IDD3 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) ISTB1 Standby Current (WDT Enabled) ISTB2 Standby Current (WDT Disabled) 5V VIL1 Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR and INT ¾ VIH1 Input High Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR and INT VIL2 ¾ 0.6 1.5 mA ¾ 2 4 mA ¾ 0.8 1.5 mA ¾ 2.5 4 mA ¾ 4 8 mA ¾ ¾ 5 mA ¾ ¾ 10 mA ¾ ¾ 1 mA ¾ ¾ 2 mA ¾ 0 ¾ 0.3VDD V ¾ ¾ 0.7VDD ¾ VDD V Input Low Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.4VDD V VIH2 Input High Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0.9VDD ¾ VDD V VLVR Low Voltage Reset ¾ ¾ 2.7 3.0 3.3 V IOL 3V VOL=0.1VDD 4 8 ¾ mA I/O Port Sink Current 5V VOL=0.1VDD 10 20 ¾ mA IOH 3V VOH=0.9VDD -2 -4 ¾ mA I/O Port Source Current 5V VOH=0.9VDD mA RPH 5V 3V 5V 5V 3V 5V 3V 3V 5V No load, fSYS=8MHz ADC disable No load, system HALT No load, system HALT -5 -10 ¾ ¾ 20 60 100 kW ¾ 10 30 50 kW ¾ 0 ¾ VDD V ¾ 0.5 1 mA ¾ 1.5 3 mA tAD=1ms ¾ ¾ ±2 mA tAD=1ms ¾ ±2.5 4 mA ¾ ¾ 12 Bits Pull-high Resistance VAD A/D Input Voltage ¾ IADC Additional Power Consumption if A/D Converter is Used 3V DNL ADC Differential Non-Linearity 5V ADC Integral Non-Linearity 5V RESOLU Resolution ¾ 5V INL Rev. 1.11 No load, fSYS=4MHz ADC disable ¾ ¾ 4 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 A.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter fSYS fTIMER tWDTOSC System Clock (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) Timer I/P Frequency (TMR) Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions VDD ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 400 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 400 ¾ 8000 kHz ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 0 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 0 ¾ 8000 kHz 3V ¾ 45 90 180 ms 5V ¾ 32 65 130 ms Watchdog Oscillator Period tWDT1 Watchdog Time-out Period (WDT OSC) ¾ ¾ 215 ¾ 216 tWDTOSC tWDT2 Watchdog Time-out Period (System Clock) ¾ ¾ 217 ¾ 218 tSYS tRES External Reset Low Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tSST System Start-up Timer Period ¾ Wake-up from HALT ¾ 1024 ¾ *tSYS tLVR Low Voltage Width to Reset ¾ ¾ 0.25 1 2 ms tINT Interrupt Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tAD A/D Clock Period ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tADC A/D Conversion Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 80 ¾ tAD tADCS A/D Sampling Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 32 ¾ tAD Note: *tSYS=1/fSYS OP Amplifier Electrical Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter VDD Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit D.C. Electrical Characteristic VDD Operating Voltage ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 5.5 V VOPOS1 Input Offset Voltage 5V ¾ -10 ¾ 10 mV VOPOS2 Input Offset Voltage 5V By Calibration -2 ¾ 2 mV VCM Common Mode Voltage Range ¾ ¾ VSS ¾ VDD1.4V V PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio ¾ ¾ 60 80 ¾ dB CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 5V VCM=0~VDD-1.4V 60 80 ¾ dB tRES Response Time (Comparator) ¾ Input overdrive=±10mV ¾ ¾ 2 ms ¾ 60 80 ¾ dB A.C. Electrical Characteristic VOPOS1 Open Loop Gain ¾ SR Slew Rate +, Slew Rate - ¾ No load ¾ 0.1 ¾ V/ms GBW Gain Band Width ¾ RL=1M, CL=100p ¾ ¾ 100 kHz Rev. 1.11 5 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Functional Description incremented by one. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. Execution Flow The system clock for the microcontroller is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip execution, loading PCL register, subroutine call, initial reset, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from subroutine, the PC manipulates the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruction to effectively execute in a cycle. If an instruction changes the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise proceed with the next instruction. The lower byte of the program counter, PCL, is a readable and writeable register. Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be within 256 locations. Program Counter - PC The program counter controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in program memory are executed and whose contents specify full range of program memory. When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an instruction code, the contents of the program counter are S y s te m O S C 2 (R C C lo c k T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 o n ly ) P C P C P C + 1 F e tc h IN S T (P C ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 ) P C + 2 F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C ) F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 ) Execution Flow Mode Program Counter *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 Initial Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 External Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Timer/Event Counter Overflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 A/D Converter Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 @3 @2 @1 @0 Skip Program Counter+2 Loading PCL *11 *10 *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 Jump, Call Branch #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 Return from Subroutine S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Program Counter Note: PC11~PC8: Current Program Counter bits S11~S0: Stack register bits #11~#0: Instruction Code bits @7~@0: PCL bits For the HT46R32 device the Program Counter is 11 bits wide, i.e. from b10~b0, therefore the b11 column in the table is not applicable. Rev. 1.11 6 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Program Memory - ROM 0 0 0 H The program memory is used to store the program instructions which are to be executed as well as table data and interrupt entries. It is structured into 2K´14 bits for the HT46R32 device and 4K x 15 bits for the HT46R34 device, which can be addressed by both the program counter and table pointer. 0 0 4 H 0 0 8 H 0 0 C H E x te r n a l In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e C o n v e r te r In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e A /D P ro g ra m M e m o ry Certain locations in the program memory are reserved for use by the reset and by the interrupt vectors. n 0 0 H · Location 000H L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) n F F H This vector is reserved for program initialisation. After a device reset is initiated, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. 7 0 0 H · Location 004H L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) 7 F F H This vector is used by the external interrupt INT. If the external interrupt pin on the device receives a low going edge, the program will jump to this location and begin execution if the external interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full. 1 4 b its N o te : n ra n g e s fro m 0 to 7 Program Memory - HT46R32 0 0 0 H · Location 008H This vector is used by the Timer/Event Counter. If a timer overflow occurs, the program will jump to this location and begin execution if the timer interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full. D e v ic e In itia liz a tio n P r o g r a m 0 0 4 H 0 0 8 H · Location 00CH 0 0 C H This vector is used by the A/D converter. When an A/D cycle conversion is complete, the program will jump to this location and begin execution if the A/D interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full. E x te r n a l In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e C o n v e r te r In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e A /D P ro g ra m M e m o ry n 0 0 H · Table location L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) n F F H Any location in the Program Memory space can be used as a look-up table. The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (the current page, 1 page=256 words) and ²TABRDL [m]² (the last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to TBLH. Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word are transferred to the lower portion of TBLH, and the remaining bits are read as ²0². The Table Higher-order byte register (TBLH) is read only. The table pointer (TBLP) is a read/write register, which indicates the table location. Before accessing the table, the location must be placed in TBLP. The TBLH register is read only and cannot be Instruction D e v ic e In itia liz a tio n P r o g r a m F 0 0 H L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) F F F H 1 5 b its N o te : n ra n g e s fro m 0 to F Program Memory - HT46R34 restored. If the main routine and the ISR, Interrupt Service Routine, both employ the table read instruction, the contents of the TBLH in the main routine are likely to be changed by the table read instruction used Table Location *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 TABRDC [m] P11 P10 P9 P8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 TABRDL [m] 1 1 1 1 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Table Location Note: *11~*0: Table location bits P11~P8: Current program counter bits @7~@0: Table pointer bits For the HT46R32 device the Table address is 11 bits wide, i.e. from b10~b0, therefore the b11 column in the table is not applicable. Rev. 1.11 7 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 be set and reset by the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions. They are also indirectly accessible through memory pointer register, MP. in the ISR. In such a case errors can occur. Therefore, using the table read instruction in the main routine and the ISR simultaneously should be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has to be used in both the main routine and the ISR, the interrupt is should be disabled prior to the table read instruction. It should not be re-enabled until the TBLH has been backed up. All table related instructions require two cycles to complete their operation. These areas may function as normal program memory depending upon requirements. 0 0 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 1 H M P 0 2 H 0 3 H 0 4 H 0 5 H A C C 0 6 H P C L 0 7 H T B L P 0 8 H T B L H 0 9 H Stack Register - STACK 0 A H S T A T U S 0 B H IN T C This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the program counter only. The stack is organized into 6 levels and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither readable nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the stack pointer, known as stack pointer, and is also neither readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledgment, the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the program counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. After a device reset, the stack pointer will point to the top of the stack. 0 C H 0 D H T M R 0 E H T M R C 0 F H 1 0 H 1 2 H P A 1 3 H P A C 1 4 H P B 1 5 H P B C 1 6 H 1 7 H 1 8 H P D 1 9 H P D C 1 A H 1 B H 1 C H P W M 0 1 D H P W M 1 1 E H 1 F H If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledgment will be inhibited. When the stack pointer is decremented, using a RET or RETI instruction, the interrupt will be serviced. This feature prevents a stack overflow allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily. In a similar case, if the stack is full and a ²CALL² is subsequently executed, stack overflow occurs and the first entry will be lost. Only the most recent 6 return addresses are stored. O P A C 2 0 H A D R L 2 1 H A D R H 2 2 H 2 3 H A D C R : U n u s e d A C S R R e a d a s "0 0 " H T 4 6 R 3 2 /H T 4 6 R 3 4 2 4 H 2 7 H 2 8 H 7 F H 2 4 H G e n e ra l P u rp o s e D a ta M e m o ry (8 8 B y te s ) H T 4 6 R 3 2 3 9 H 4 0 H F F H G e n e ra l P u rp o s e D a ta M e m o ry (1 9 2 B y te s ) H T 4 6 R 3 4 RAM Mapping Data Memory - RAM The data memory has a structure of 110´8 bits for the HT46R32 device and 215 x 8 bits for the HT46R34 device. The data memory is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose data memory. The general purpose memory has a structure of 88 x 8 bits for the HT46R32 device and 192bits x 8 bits for the HT46R34 device. Most locations are read/write, but some are read only. Indirect Addressing Register Location 00H is an indirect addressing register that is not physically implemented. Any read/write operation on [00H] accesses data memory pointed to by the MP register. Reading location 00H itself indirectly will return the result 00H. Writing indirectly results in no operation. For the HT46R32 device the memory pointer register, MP, is a 7-bit register, while for the HT46R34 device it is an 8-bit register. For the HT46R32 device, bit 7 of MP is undefined and if read will return the result ²1², any write operation will only transfer the lower 7-bits of data to MP. The remaining space between the end of the Special Purpose Data Memory and the beginning of the General Purpose Data Memory is reserved for future expanded usage, reading these locations will obtain a result of ²00H². The general purpose data memory, addressed from 28H to 7FH in the HT46R32, and from 40H to FFH in the HT46R34, is used for user data and control information under instruction commands. All of the data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations directly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can Rev. 1.11 S p e c ia l P u r p o s e D a ta M e m o ry 1 1 H Accumulator The accumulator is closely related to ALU operations and can carry out immediate data operations. Any data movement between two data memory locations must pass through the accumulator. 8 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU tion operations related to the status register may give different results from those intended. The TO flag can be affected only by system power-up, a WDT time-out or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. The PDF flag can be affected only by executing the ²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or a system power-up. This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. The ALU provides the following functions: · Arithmetic operations - ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA · Logic operations - AND, OR, XOR, CPL · Rotation - RL, RR, RLC, RRC · Increment and Decrement - INC, DEC The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations. · Branch decision - SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ .... The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation but also changes the status register. In addition, on entering the interrupt sequence or executing the subroutine call, the status register will not be pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of the status are important and if the subroutine can corrupt the status register, precautions must be taken to save it properly. Status Register - STATUS This 8-bit register contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also records the status information and controls the operation sequence. Interrupt The devices provide an external interrupt, an internal timer/event counter interrupt and an A/D converter interrupt. The Interrupt Control Register, INTC, contains the interrupt control bits to set the enable or disable and the interrupt request flags. With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions like most other registers. Any data written into the status register will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addiBit No. Label Function 0 C C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation, otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. 1 AC AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction, otherwise AC is cleared. 2 Z 3 OV OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa, otherwise OV is cleared. 4 PDF PDF is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing the ²HALT² instruction. 5 TO TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by a WDT time-out. 6, 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero, otherwise Z is cleared. Status (0AH) Register Bit No. Label Function 0 EMI Controls the master (global) interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled) 1 EEI Controls the external interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled) 2 ETI Controls the Timer/Event Counter interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled) 3 EADI 4 EIF External interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 5 TF Internal Timer/Event Counter request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 6 ADF 7 ¾ Controls the A/D converter interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled) A/D converter request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) Unused bit, read as ²0² INTC (0BH) Register Rev. 1.11 9 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit. Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked by clearing the EMI bit. This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may happen during this interval but only the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain interrupt requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bit in INTC may be set to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until the stack pointer is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must be prevented from becoming full. Interrupt Source Vector External Interrupt 1 004H Timer/Event Counter Overflow 2 008H A/D Converter Interrupt 3 00CH Once the interrupt request flags, TF, EIF, ADF, are set, they will remain in the INTC register until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a software instruction. It is recommended that a program does not use the CALL subroutine within the interrupt subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged once the ²CALL² operates in the interrupt subroutine. All interrupts have a wake-up capability. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the program counter onto the stack, followed by a branch to a subroutine at a specified location in the program memory. Only the program counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or status register are altered by the interrupt service program which corrupts the desired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance. Oscillator Configuration There are two oscillator circuits in the microcontroller, namely an RC oscillator and a crystal oscillator, the choice of which is determined by a configuration option. When the system enters the Power-down mode the system oscillator stops and ignores external signals to conserve power. External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transition on the INT pin, which will set the related interrupt request flag, EIF, which is bit 4 of INTC. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the external interrupt is active, a subroutine call to location 04H will occur. The interrupt request flag, EIF, and EMI bits will be cleared to disable other interrupts. If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VSS is required whose resistance value must range from 24kW to 1MW. The system clock, divided by 4, can be monitored on pin OSC2 if a pull-high resistor is connected. This signal can be used to synchronise external logic. The RC oscillator provides the most cost effective solution, however the frequency of oscillation may vary with VDD, temperature and the process variations. It is, therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations where an accurate oscillator frequency is desired. The internal timer/event counter interrupt is initialised by setting the timer/event counter interrupt request flag, TF, which is bit 5 of INTC, caused by a timer overflow. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the TF bit is set, a subroutine call to location 08H will occur. The related interrupt request flag, TF, will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. The A/D converter interrupt is initialised by setting the A/D converter request flag, ADF, which is bit 6 of INTC, caused by an end of A/D conversion. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the ADF bit is set, a subroutine call to location 0CH will occur. The related interrupt request flag, ADF, will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. If the Crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator; no other external components are required. Instead of a crystal, a resonator can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required, If the oscillating frequency is less than 1MHz. During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other interrupt acknowledgments are held until the RETI instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set to 1. Of course, the stack must not be full. To return from the interrupt subroutine, a RET or RETI instruction may be executed. A RETI instruction will set the EMI bit to enable an interrupt service, but a RET instruction will not. The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, and requires no external components. Even if the system enters the power down mode, the system clock V O S C 1 Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests the following table shows the priority that is applied. Rev. 1.11 Priority D D 4 7 0 p F fS O S C 2 Y S O S C 1 O S C 2 /4 C r y s ta l O s c illa to r R C O s c illa to r System Oscillator 10 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 configuration option - ²CLR WDT times selection op tion². If the ²CLR WDT² is selected (i.e. CLR WDT times equal one), any execution of the ²CLR WDT² instruction will clear the WDT. In the case that ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² are chosen (i.e. CLR WDT times equal two), these two instructions must be executed to clear the WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset the chip as a result of time-out. is stopped, but the WDT oscillator keeps running with a period of approximately 65ms at 5V. The WDT oscillator can be disabled by a configuration option to conserve power. Watchdog Timer - WDT The WDT clock source comes from either its own integrated RC oscillator, known as the WDT oscillator, or the instruction clock, which is the system clock divided by 4. The choice of which one is used is decided by a configuration option. This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence from jumping to an unknown location with unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can be disabled by a configuration option. If the Watchdog Timer is disabled, all the executions related to the WDT result in no operation. Power Down Operation - HALT The HALT mode is initialised by the ²HALT² instruction and results in the following... · The system oscillator will be turned off but the WDT oscillator keeps running (if the WDT oscillator is selected). · The contents of the on chip Data Memory and regis- Once the internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with a period of 65ms at 5V nominal) is selected, it is divided by 32768~65536 to get a time-out period of approximately 2.1s~4.3s. This time-out period may vary with temperatures, VDD and process variations. If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still come from the instruction clock and operate in the same manner except that in the Power-down state the WDT may stop counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the logic can only be restarted by external logic. ters remain unchanged. · WDT will be cleared and start counting again (if the WDT clock is from the WDT oscillator). · All of the I/O ports maintain their original status. · The PDF flag is set and the TO flag is cleared. The system can leave the HALT mode by means of an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge signal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset causes a device initialisation and the WDT overflow performs a ²warm reset². After the TO and PDF flags are examined, the reason for the chip reset can be determined. The PDF flag is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction and is set when executing the ²HALT² instruction. The TO flag is set if the WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the program counter and Stack Pointer; the others keep their original status. If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recommended, since the HALT instruction will stop the system clock. The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialise a ²chip reset² and set the status bit ²TO². But in the Power-down mode, the overflow will initialisze a ²warm reset², and only the program counter and SP are reset to zero. To clear the contents of the WDT, three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level on the RES pin), a software instruction and a HALT instruction. The software instruction include ²CLR WDT² and the other set ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². Of these two types of instruction, only one can be active depending on the S y s te m The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in port A can be independently selected to wake up the device by the options. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program will resume execution of the next instruction. If it is awakening from an interrupt, two sequences may happen. If the related interrupt is dis- C lo c k /4 O p tio n S e le c t fS 8 - b it C o u n te r 7 - b it C o u n te r W D T O S C T T W D T T im e - o u t 1 5 1 6 fS /2 ~ fS /2 C L R W D T Watchdog Timer Rev. 1.11 11 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 abled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program will resume execution at the next instruction. If the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt response takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² before entering the HALT mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled. Once a wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 tSYS (system clock period) to resume normal operation. In other words, a dummy period will be inserted after wake-up. If the wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledgment, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by one or more cycles. If the wake-up results in the next instruction execution, this will be executed immediately after the dummy period is finished. The functional unit chip reset status are shown below. Program Counter 000H Interrupt Disable WDT Clear. After master reset, WDT begins counting Timer/Event Counter Off Input/Output Ports Input mode Stack Pointer Points to the top of the stack V D D R E S To minimise power consumption, all the I/O pins should be carefully managed before entering the status. tS S T S S T T im e - o u t Reset C h ip R e s e t There are three ways in which a reset can occur: Reset Timing Chart · RES reset during normal operation · RES reset during HALT · WDT time-out reset during normal operation V The WDT time-out during HALT is different from other chip reset conditions, since it can perform a ²warm re set² that resets only the program counter and stack pointer, leaving the other circuits in their original state. Some registers remain unchanged during other reset conditions. Most registers are reset to the ²initial condition² when the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between different ²chip resets². TO PDF 0 0 RES reset during power-up u u RES reset during normal operation 0 1 RES wake-up HALT 1 u WDT time-out during normal operation 1 1 WDT wake-up HALT D D 0 .0 1 m F * 1 0 0 k W R E S 1 0 k W 0 .1 m F * Reset Circuit Note: RESET Conditions ²*² Ensure that the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin is as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. H A L T W a rm R e s e t W D T Note: ²u² means ²unchanged² R E S To guarantee that the system oscillator is started and stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system reset (power-up, WDT time-out or RES reset) or the system awakes from the HALT state. O S C 1 S S T 1 0 - b it R ip p le C o u n te r S y s te m When a system reset occurs, the SST delay is added during the reset period. Any wake-up from HALT will enable the SST delay. C o ld R e s e t R e s e t Reset Configuration An extra option load time delay is added during system reset (power-up, WDT time-out at normal mode or RES reset). Rev. 1.11 12 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 The registers¢ states are summarised in the following table. Register Reset (Power On) WDT Time-out (Normal Operation) RES Reset (Normal Operation) RES Reset (HALT) WDT Times-out (HALT)* MP - HT46R32 1xxx xxxx 1uuu uuuu 1uuu uuuu 1uuu uuuu 1uuu uuuu MP - HT46R34 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ACC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu PCL 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 TBLP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TBLH - HT46R32 --xx xxxx --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --uu uuuu TBLH - HT46R34 -xxx xxxx -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu STATUS --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu INTC -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu TMR xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMRC 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PB 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PBC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PD ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- uuuu PDC ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- uuuu PWM0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu PWM1 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu OPAC 0000 1000 0000 1000 0000 1000 0000 1000 uuuu uuuu ADRL xxxx ---- xxxx ---- xxxx ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- ADRH xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu ADCR 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 uuuu uuuu ACSR 1--- --00 1--- --00 1--- --00 1--- --00 u--- --uu Note: ²*² stands for warm reset ²u² stands for unchanged ²x² stands for unknown Rev. 1.11 13 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 In the event count or timer mode, once the timer/event counter starts counting, it will count from the current contents in the timer/event counter to FFH. Once an overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter preload register and generates an interrupt request flag, TF, which is bit 5 of INTC, at the same time. Timer/Event Counter A timer/event counter is implemented in the microcontroller. The timer/event counter contains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter whose clock source may come from an external source or from the system clock. Using an external clock input allows the user to count external events, measure time internals or pulse widths, or generate an accurate time base. While using the internal clock allows the user to generate an accurate time base. In the pulse width measurement mode with the TON and TE bits equal to one, once TMR has received a transient from low to high (or high to low if the TE bits is ²0²) it will start counting until TMR returns to the original level and resets the TON bit. The measured result will remain in the timer/event counter even if the activated transient occurs again. Therefore only a one cycle measurement is made. Not until the TON bit is once again set, will the cycle measurement function again if further transient pulses are received. Note that, in this operating mode, the timer/event counter starts counting not according to the logic level but according to the transient edges. In the case of counter overflows, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter preload register and issues the interrupt request just like the other two modes. To enable the counting operation, the timer ON bit,TON, which is bit 4 of TMRC, should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the TON bit will be cleared automatically after the measurement cycle is completed. But in the other two modes the TON bit can only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the timer/event counter is one of the wake-up sources. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to ETI can disable the interrupt service. The timer/event counter can generate a PFD signal by using the external or internal clock. The PFD frequency is determined by the equation fINT/[2´(256-N)]. There are 2 registers related to the timer/event counter; TMR and TMRC. Two physical registers are mapped to the TMR location. Writing to TMR places the start value in the timer/event counter preload register, while reading TMR retrieves the contents of the timer/event counter. The TMRC register is a timer/event counter control register, which defines some options. The TM0 and TM1 bits define the operating mode. The event count mode is used to count external events, which means the clock source emanates from the external TMR pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the fINT clock. The pulse width measurement mode can be used to count the high or low level duration of the external signal on TMR. The counting is based on fINT. Bit No. 0 1 2 Label PSC0 PSC1 PSC2 3 TE 4 TON 5 ¾ 6 7 TM0 TM1 Function Defines the prescaler stages, PSC2, PSC1, PSC0= 000: fINT=fSYS 001: fINT=fSYS/2 010: fINT=fSYS/4 011: fINT=fSYS/8 100: fINT=fSYS/16 101: fINT=fSYS/32 110: fINT=fSYS/64 111: fINT=fSYS/128 Defines the TMR active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (TM1,TM0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (TM1,TM0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge Enable or disable the timer counting (0=disable; 1=enable) Unused bits, read as ²0² Defines the operating mode (TM1, TM0)= 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMRC (0EH) Register Rev. 1.11 14 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 P W M (6 + 2 ) C o m p a re fS T o P D 0 C ir c u it 8 - s ta g e P r e s c a le r Y S f IN 8 -1 M U X P S C 2 ~ P S C 0 D a ta B u s T T M 1 T M 0 T M R 8 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P r e lo a d R e g is te r R e lo a d T E 8 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l T M 1 T M 0 T O N O v e r flo w to In te rru p t 1 /2 P F D Timer/Event Counter and [18H] respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output operations. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]² (m=12H, 14H, 16H or 18H). For output operation, all the data is latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. In the case of a timer/event counter OFF condition, writing data to the timer/event counter preload register will also reload that data to the timer/event counter. But if the timer/event counter is turned on, data written to it will only be kept in the timer/event counter preload register. The timer/event counter will still operate until an overflow occurs. When the timer/event counter is read, the clock will be blocked to avoid errors. As clock blocking may results in a counting error, this must be taken into consideration by the programmer. Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC, PDC) to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically (i.e. on-the-fly) under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register must write ²1². The input source also depends on the control register. If the control register bit is ²1², the input will read the pad state. If the control register bit is ²0², the contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The latter is possible in the ²read-modify-write² instruction. Bit0~bit2 of the TMRC register can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock sources of the timer/event counter. The definitions are as shown. The overflow signal of timer/event counter can be used to generate the PFD signal. Input/Output Ports There are 19 bidirectional input/output lines in the microcontroller, labeled as PA, PB, PC and PD, which are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H], [16H] V C o n tr o l B it D a ta B u s Q D W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r C K P A P A P A P A P A P B P B P D P D P D P D Q S C h ip R e s e t R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r D a ta B it Q D W r ite D a ta R e g is te r (P D 0 o r P W M ) C K S Q M P A 3 P F D M R e a d D a ta R e g is te r S y s te m W a k e -u p ( P A o n ly ) D D P u ll- H ig h O p tio n U U 0 ~ P 3 /P 4 /T 5 /IN 6 , P 0 /A 4 ~ P 0 /P 1 /P 2 3 A 2 F D M R T A 7 N 0 ~ P B 3 /A N 3 B 7 W M 0 W M 1 X P F D E N (P A 3 ) X W a k e - u p o p tio n IN T fo r P A 5 O n ly T M R fo r P A 4 O n ly Input/Output Ports Rev. 1.11 15 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 After a device reset, the input/output lines will default to inputs and remain at a high level or floating state, dependent upon the pull-high configuration options. Each bit of these input/output latches can be set or cleared by the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² (m=12H, 14H, 16H or 18H) instructions. It is recommended that unused I/O lines should be setup as output pins by software instructions to avoid consuming power under input floating states. PWM The microcontroller provides a 2 channel (6+2) bits PWM0/PWM1 output shared with PD0/PD1. The PWM channel has its data register denoted as PWM0 and PWM1. The frequency source of the PWM counter comes from fSYS. The PWM register is an eight bit register. Once PD0/PD1 are selected as PWM outputs and the output function of PD0/PD1 is enabled (PDC.0=²0² or PDC.1=²0²), writing a 1 to the PD0/PD1 data register will enable the PWM output function while writing a ²0² will force the PD0/PD1 outputs to stay at ²0². Some instructions first input data and then follow the output operations. For example, ²SET [m].i², ²CLR [m].i², ²CPL [m]², ²CPLA [m]² read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or the accumulator. Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the device. Each I/O line has a pull-high option. Once the pull-high configuration option is selected, the I/O line has a pull-high resistor, otherwise, there¢s none. Take note that a non-pull-high I/O line operating in input mode will cause a floating state. A PWM cycle is divided into four modulation cycles (modulation cycle 0~modulation cycle 3). Each modulation cycle has 64 PWM input clock period. In a (6+2) bit PWM function, the contents of the PWM register is divided into two groups. Group 1 of the PWM register is denoted by DC which is the value of PWM.7~PWM.2. Pin PA3 is pin-shared with the PFD signal. If the PFD configuration option is selected, the output signal in the output mode for PA3 will be the PFD signal generated by the timer/event counter overflow signal. The input mode always retains its original functions. Once the PFD option is selected, the PFD output signal is controlled by the PA3 data register only. Writing a ²1² to the PA3 data register will enable the PFD output function and writing ²0² will force the PA3 to remain at ²0². The I/O functions for PA3 are shown below. I/O Mode Logical Input PA3 Note: I/P O/P (Normal) (Normal) Logical Output I/P (PFD) O/P (PFD) Logical Input PFD (Timer on) Group 2 is denoted by AC which is the value of PWM.1~PWM.0. In a PWM cycle, the duty cycle of each modulation cycle is shown in the table. Parameter The PB can also be used as A/D converter inputs. The A/D function will be described later. There are two PWM functions shared with pins PD0 and PD1. If the PWM functions are enabled, the PWM signals will appear on PD0 and PD1, the pins are setup as outputs. Writing a ²1² to the PD0 or PD1 data register will enable the PWM outputs to function while writing a ²0² will force the PD0 and PD1 outputs to remain at ²0². The I/O functions of PD0 and PD1 are as shown. PD0 PD1 Rev. 1.11 Logical Input Logical Output I/P (PWM) O/P (PWM) Logical Input PWM0 PWM1 i<AC DC+1 64 i³AC DC 64 The modulation frequency, cycle frequency and cycle duty of the PWM output signal are summarized in the following table. Pins PA5 and PA4 are pin-shared with INT and TMR pins respectively. I/P O/P (Normal) (Normal) Duty Cycle Modulation cycle i (i=0~3) The PFD frequency is the timer/event counter overflow frequency divided by 2. I/O Mode AC (0~3) 16 PWM Modulation Frequency PWM Cycle Frequency PWM Cycle Duty fSYS/64 fSYS/256 [PWM]/256 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 fS Y S /2 [P W M ] = 1 0 0 P W M 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 [P W M ] = 1 0 1 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 2 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 3 P W M 2 6 /6 4 P W M m o d u la tio n p e r io d : 6 4 /fS M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 Y S M o d u la tio n c y c le 1 P W M M o d u la tio n c y c le 2 c y c le : 2 5 6 /fS M o d u la tio n c y c le 3 M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 Y S PWM A/D Converter process. When the START bit is provided with a raising edge and then a falling edge, the A/D conversion process will begin. In order to ensure that the A/D conversion is completed, the START should remain at ²0² until the EOCB flag is cleared to ²0² which indicates the end of the A/D conversion. A 4 channel 12-bit resolution A/D converter is implemented in the microcontrollers. The reference voltage for the A/D is VDD. The A/D converter contains 4 special registers, which are; ADRL, ADRH, ADCR and ACSR. The ADRH and ADRL registers are the A/D conversion result register higher-order byte and lower-order byte and are read-only. After the A/D conversion has completed, the ADRL and ADRH registers should be read to get the conversion result data. The ADCR register is an A/D converter control register, which defines the A/D channel number, analog channel select, start A/D conversion control bit and the end of A/D conversion flag. It is used to start an A/D conversion, define the PB configuration, select the converted analog channel, and give the START bit a raising edge and a falling edge (0®1®0). At the end of an A/D conversion, the EOCB bit is cleared and an A/D converter interrupt occurs, if the A/D converter interrupt is enabled. The ACSR register is an A/D clock setting register, which is used to select the A/D clock source. Bit 7 of the ACSR register is used for test purposes only and must not be used for other purposes by the application program. Bit1 and bit0 of the ACSR register are used to select the A/D clock source. When the A/D conversion has completed, the A/D interrupt request flag will be set. The EOCB bit is set to ²1² when the START bit is set from ²0² to ²1². Important Note for A/D initialisation: Special care must be taken to initialise the A/D converter each time the Port B A/D channel selection bits are modified, otherwise the EOCB flag may be in an undefined condition. An A/D initialisation is implemented by setting the START bit high and then clearing it to zero within 10 instruction cycles of the Port B channel selection bits being modified. Note that if the Port B channel selection bits are all cleared to zero then an A/D initialisation is not required. The A/D converter control register is used to control the A/D converter. Bit2~bit0 of the ADCR regsiter are used to select an analog input channel. There are a total of four channels to select. Bit5~bit3 of the ADCR register are used to set the PB configurations. PB can be configured as an analog input or as a digital I/O line decided by these 3 bits. Once a PB line is selected as an analog input, the I/O functions and pull-high resistor of this I/O line are disabled, and the A/D converter circuit is powered on. The EOCB bit, bit6 of ADCR, is the end of A/D conversion flag. This bit is monitored to check when the A/D conversion has completed. The START bit of the ADCR register is used to initiate the A/D conversion Rev. 1.11 Register Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 ADRL D3 D1 D0 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ADRH D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 Note: D2 D0~D11 is A/D conversion result data bit LSB~MSB. ADRL (20H), ADRH (21H) Register 17 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Bit No. Label 0 1 2 ACS0 ACS1 ACS2 2 ¾ Function ACS2, ACS1, ACS0: Select A/D channel 0, 0, 0: AN0 0, 0, 1: AN1 0, 1, 0: AN2 0, 1, 1: AN3 1, X, X: undefined, cannot be used Unused bit, read as ²0². 3 4 5 PCR0 PCR1 PCR2 PCR2, PCR1, PCR0: PB3~PB0 configurations 0, 0, 0: PB3 PB2 PB1 PB0 (The ADC circuit is power off to reduce power consumption.) 0, 0, 1: PB3 PB2 PB1 AN0 0, 1, 0: PB3 PB2 AN1 AN0 0, 1, 1: PB3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1, x, x: AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 6 EOCB Indicates end of A/D conversion. (0 = end of A/D conversion) Each time bits 3~5 change state the A/D should be initialised by issuing a START signal, otherwise the EOCB flag may have an undefined condition. See ²Important note for A/D initialisation². 7 START Starts the A/D conversion. (0®1®0= start; 0®1= Reset A/D converter and set EOCB to ²1²) ADCR (22H) Register Bit No. Label Function Select the A/D converter clock source. 0, 0: fSYS/2 ADCS0 0, 1: fSYS/8 ADCS1 1, 0: fSYS/32 1, 1: Undefined 0 1 2~6 ¾ 7 TEST Unused bit, read as ²0². For internal test only. ACSR (23H) Register M in im u m o n e in s tr u c tio n c y c le n e e d e d , M a x im u m te n in s tr u c tio n c y c le s a llo w e d S T A R T E O C B A /D tA P C R 2 ~ P C R 0 s a m p lin g tim e A /D s a m p lin g tim e tA D C S D C S 0 0 0 B A /D s a m p lin g tim e tA D C S 1 0 0 B 1 0 0 B 1 0 1 B 0 0 0 B 1 . P B p o rt s e tu p a s I/O s 2 . A /D c o n v e r te r is p o w e r e d o ff to r e d u c e p o w e r c o n s u m p tio n A C S 2 ~ A C S 0 0 0 0 B P o w e r-o n R e s e t 0 1 0 B 0 0 0 B 0 0 1 B S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n 1 : D e fin e P B c o n fig u r a tio n 2 : S e le c t a n a lo g c h a n n e l A /D N o te : A /D c lo c k m u s t b e fS tA D C S = 3 2 tA D tA D C = 8 0 tA D Y S /2 , fS tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e Y S /8 o r fS Y S R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n tA D C A /D c o n v e r s io n tim e d o n 't c a r e E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n tA D C A /D c o n v e r s io n tim e /3 2 A/D Conversion Timing Rev. 1.11 18 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 The following two programming examples illustrate how to setup and implement an A/D conversion. In the first example, the method of polling the EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to detect when the conversion cycle is complete, whereas in the second example, the A/D interrupt is used to determine when the conversion is complete. Example: using EOCB Polling Method to detect end of conversion clr EADI ; disable ADC interrupt mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov a,00100000B ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs mov ADCR,a ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter : : ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles : Start_conversion: clr START set START ; reset A/D clr START ; start A/D Polling_EOC: sz EOCB ; poll the ADCR register EOCB bit to detect end of A/D conversion jmp polling_EOC ; continue polling mov a,ADRH ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register mov adrh_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory mov a,ADRL ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register mov adrl_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory : : jmp start_conversion ; start next A/D conversion Example: using interrupt method to detect end of conversion clr EADI ; disable ADC interrupt mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov mov a,00100000B ADCR,a : ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles : Start_conversion: clr START set START clr START clr ADF set EADI set EMI : : : ; ADC interrupt service routine ADC_ISR: mov acc_stack,a mov a,STATUS mov status_stack,a : : mov a,ADRH mov adrh_buffer,a mov a,ADRL mov adrl_buffer,a clr START set START clr START : : EXIT_INT_ISR: mov a,status_stack mov STATUS,a mov a,acc_stack reti Rev. 1.11 ; reset A/D ; start A/D ; clear ADC interrupt request flag ; enable ADC interrupt ; enable global interrupt ; save ACC to user defined memory ; save STATUS to user defined memory ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register ; save result to user defined register ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register ; save result to user defined register ; reset A/D ; start A/D ; restore STATUS from user defined memory ; restore ACC from user defined memory 19 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Low Voltage Reset - LVR The relationship between VDD and VLVR is shown below. The microcontroller provides a low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. If the supply voltage of the device is within the range 0.9V~VLVR, such as what happens when changing a battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. V D D 5 .5 V V O P R 5 .5 V V The LVR includes the following specifications: 2 .2 V · The low voltage (0.9V~VLVR) has to remain in its origi- nal state to exceed tLVR. If the low voltage state does not exceed tLVR, the LVR will ignore it and will not perform a reset function. 0 .9 V Note: · The LVR uses the ²OR² function with the external RES VOPR is the voltage range for proper chip operation at 4MHz system clock. signal to perform a chip reset. V L V R 3 .0 V D D 5 .5 V V L V R L V R D e te c t V o lta g e 0 .9 V 0 V R e s e t S ig n a l N o r m a l O p e r a tio n R e s e t *1 R e s e t *2 Low Voltage Reset Note: *1: To make sure that the system oscillator has stabilised, the SST provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses before beginning normal operation. *2: Since the low voltage has to maintain in its original state and exceed tLVR, therefore tLVR delay enter the reset mode. OP Amplifier/Comparator The calibration process is as follows: The devices include an integrated operational amplifier or comparator, selectable via configuration option. The default is function is comparator. The input voltage offset is adjustable by using a common mode input to calibrate the offset value. A P N A P P A P N V R S 1 S 2 A P O S 3 · Set bit AOFM=1 to select the offset cancellation mode A P O - this closes switch S3 · Set the ARS bit to select which input pin is the A P P reference voltage - closes either switch S1 or S2 · Adjust bits AOF0~AOF3 until the output status OPAOP has changed. · Set AOFM=0 to select the normal operating mode Rev. 1.11 20 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Bit No. Label Function 0 1 2 3 AOF0 AOF1 AOF2 AOF3 OP amp/comparator input offset voltage cancellation control bits 4 ARS OP amp/comparator input offset voltage cancellation reference selection bit 1/0 : select OPP/OPN (CP/CN) as the reference input 5 AOFM 6 OPAOP OP amp/comparator output; positive logic 7 OPAEN OP amp/comparator enable/disable (1/0) If OP/comparator is disabled, output is floating. Input offset voltage cancellation mode and OP amp/comparator mode selection 1: input offset voltage cancellation mode 0: OP amp/comparator OPAC (1FH) Register If the OP amp/comparator is disabled, the power consumption will be very small. To ensure that power consumption is minimised when the device is in the Power-down mode, the OP amp/comparator should be switched off by clearing bit OPAEN to 0 before entering the Power-down mode. Configuration Options The following table shows the various microcontroller configuration options. All of the configuration options must be properly defined to ensure correct system functioning. No. Options 1 WDT clock source: WDTOSC or T1 (fSYS/4) 2 WDT function: enable or disable 3 CLRWDT instruction(s): one or two clear WDT instruction(s) 4 System oscillator: RC or crystal 5 Pull-high resistors (PA, PB, PD): none or pull-high 6 PWM enable or disable 7 PA0~PA7 wake-up: enable or disable 8 PFD enable or disable 9 Low voltage reset selection: enable or disable LVR function. 10 Comparator or OP selection Rev. 1.11 21 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Application Circuits V D D 0 .0 1 m F * P A 0 ~ P A 2 P A 3 /P F D V D D V P A 4 /T M R 1 0 0 k W 0 .1 m F P A 5 /IN T R E S 4 7 0 p F P A 6 ~ P A 7 1 0 k W R P B 0 /A N 0 ~ P B 3 /A N 3 P B 4 ~ P B 7 0 .1 m F * V S S O S C C ir c u it D D O S C P D 0 /P W M 0 P D 1 /P W M 1 P D 2 , P D 3 C 1 A P N A P P A P O C 2 O S C 1 O S C 2 S e e R ig h t S id e fS Y S /4 O S C 2 O S C 1 R 1 H T 4 6 R 3 2 /H T 4 6 R 3 4 R C S y s te m O s c illa to r 2 4 k W < R O S C < 1 M W O S C 1 C ry s ta l S y s te m F o r th e v a lu e s , s e e ta b le b e lo w O s c illa to r O S C 2 O S C C ir c u it The following table shows the C1, C2 and R1 values corresponding to the different crystal values. (For reference only) HT46R32 HT46R34 Crystal or Resonator R1 C1, C2 R1 8MHz Crystal C1, C2 35pF 4.3kW TBD TBD 8MHz Resonator 22pF 4.3kW TBD TBD 4MHz Crystal & Resonator 10pF 12kW TBD TBD 3.58MHz Crystal 15pF 10kW TBD TBD 3.58MHz Resonator 30pF 15kW TBD TBD 2MHz Crystal & Resonator 35pF 10kW TBD TBD 1MHz Crystal 68pF 18kW TBD TBD 480kHz Resonator 300pF 10kW TBD TBD 455kHz Resonator 300pF 10kW TBD TBD 429kHz Resonator 300pF 10kW TBD TBD 400kHz Resonator 300pF 10kW TBD TBD The function of the resistor R1 is to ensure that the oscillator will switch off should low voltage conditions occur. Such a low voltage, as mentioned here, is one which is less than the lowest value of the MCU operating voltage. Note however that if the LVR is enabled then R1 can be removed. Note: The resistance and capacitance for the reset circuit should be designed in such a way as to ensure that the VDD is stable and remains within a valid operating voltage range before bringing RES to high. ²*² Make the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. Rev. 1.11 22 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Instruction Set subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values in the destination specified. Introduction Central to the successful operation of any microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads. Logical and Rotate Operations For easier understanding of the various instruction codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings. The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass through the Accumulator which may involve additional programming steps. In all logical data operations, the zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero. Another form of logical data manipulation comes from the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for serial port programming applications where data can be rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit set high or low. Another application where rotate data operations are used is to implement multiplication and division calculations. Instruction Timing Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system oscillator, most instructions would be implemented within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved then only one cycle is required. Branches and Control Transfer Program branching takes the form of either jumps to specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause the program to jump back to the address right after the CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the program simply jumps to the desired location. There is no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and jump to the following instruction. These instructions are the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits. Moving and Transferring Data The transfer of data within the microcontroller program is one of the most frequently used operations. Making use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be transferred from registers to the Accumulator and vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most important data transfer applications is to receive data from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports. Arithmetic Operations The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and data manipulation is a necessary feature of most microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and Rev. 1.11 23 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Bit Operations Other Operations The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for output port bit programming where individual bits or port pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET [m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the 8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure that other bits are not changed and then output the port with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used. In addition to the above functional instructions, a range of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations, refer to the functional related sections. Instruction Set Summary The following table depicts a summary of the instruction set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions. Table Read Operations Table conventions: Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory. Mnemonic x: Bits immediate data m: Data Memory address A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: Program memory address Description Cycles Flag Affected 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1Note 1Note Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV C 1 1 1 1Note 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 1 1Note 1 1Note Z Z Z Z Arithmetic ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m] DAA [m] Add Data Memory to ACC Add ACC to Data Memory Add immediate data to ACC Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Add ACC to Data memory with Carry Subtract immediate data from the ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory Logic Operation AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m] Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Logical AND immediate Data to ACC Logical OR immediate Data to ACC Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC Complement Data Memory Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Increment & Decrement INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m] Rev. 1.11 Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Increment Data Memory Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Decrement Data Memory 24 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Mnemonic Description Cycles Flag Affected Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left through Carry 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note None None C C None None C C Move Data Memory to ACC Move ACC to Data Memory Move immediate data to ACC 1 1Note 1 None None None Clear bit of Data Memory Set bit of Data Memory 1Note 1Note None None Jump unconditionally Skip if Data Memory is zero Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt 2 1Note 1note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 2 2 2 2 None None None None None None None None None None None None None Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory 2Note 2Note None None No operation Clear Data Memory Set Data Memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of Data Memory Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode 1 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 1 None None None TO, PDF TO, PDF TO, PDF None None TO, PDF Rotate RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m] Data Move MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x Bit Operation CLR [m].i SET [m].i Branch JMP addr SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI Table Read TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m] Miscellaneous NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT Note: 1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required, if no skip takes place only one cycle is required. 2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution. 3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Rev. 1.11 25 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Instruction Definition ADC A,[m] Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADCM A,[m] Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADD A,[m] Add Data Memory to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADD A,x Add immediate data to ACC Description The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + x Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADDM A,[m] Add ACC to Data Memory Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C AND A,[m] Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) Z AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x Affected flag(s) Z ANDM A,[m] Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.11 26 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 CALL addr Subroutine call Description Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction. Operation Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1 Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) None CLR [m] Clear Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m] ¬ 00H Affected flag(s) None CLR [m].i Clear bit of Data Memory Description Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m].i ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) None CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF CLR WDT1 Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no effect. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF CLR WDT2 Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no effect. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF Rev. 1.11 27 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 CPL [m] Complement Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. Operation [m] ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Z CPLA [m] Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Z DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory Description Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + 00H or [m] ¬ ACC + 06H or [m] ¬ ACC + 60H or [m] ¬ ACC + 66H Affected flag(s) C DEC [m] Decrement Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m] - 1 Affected flag(s) Z DECA [m] Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] - 1 Affected flag(s) Z HALT Enter power down mode Description This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared. Operation TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF Rev. 1.11 28 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 INC [m] Increment Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m] + 1 Affected flag(s) Z INCA [m] Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] + 1 Affected flag(s) Z JMP addr Jump unconditionally Description The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction. Operation Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) None MOV A,[m] Move Data Memory to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) None MOV A,x Move immediate data to ACC Description The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) None MOV [m],A Move ACC to Data Memory Description The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC Affected flag(s) None NOP No operation Description No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction. Operation No operation Affected flag(s) None OR A,[m] Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.11 29 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x Affected flag(s) Z ORM A,[m] Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z RET Return from subroutine Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack Affected flag(s) None RET A,x Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) None RETI Return from interrupt Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack EMI ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) None RL [m] Rotate Data Memory left Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) None RLA [m] Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.11 30 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 RLC [m] Rotate Data Memory left through Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) C RLCA [m] Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) C RR [m] Rotate Data Memory right Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None RRA [m] Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None RRC [m] Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) C RRCA [m] Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) C Rev. 1.11 31 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 SBC A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SBCM A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SDZ [m] Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation [m] ¬ [m] - 1 Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SDZA [m] Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] - 1 Skip if ACC = 0 Affected flag(s) None SET [m] Set Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ FFH Affected flag(s) None SET [m].i Set bit of Data Memory Description Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. Operation [m].i ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.11 32 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 SIZ [m] Skip if increment Data Memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation [m] ¬ [m] + 1 Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SIZA [m] Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] + 1 Skip if ACC = 0 Affected flag(s) None SNZ [m].i Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0 Description If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m].i ¹ 0 Affected flag(s) None SUB A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC Description The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SUBM A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Description The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ ACC - [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from ACC Description The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - x Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C Rev. 1.11 33 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 SWAP [m] Swap nibbles of Data Memory Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. Operation [m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4 Affected flag(s) None SWAPA [m] Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4 ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None SZ [m] Skip if Data Memory is 0 Description If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SZA [m] Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SZ [m].i Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0 Description If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m].i = 0 Affected flag(s) None TABRDC [m] Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Description The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. Operation [m] ¬ program code (low byte) TBLH ¬ program code (high byte) Affected flag(s) None TABRDL [m] Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory Description The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. Operation [m] ¬ program code (low byte) TBLH ¬ program code (high byte) Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.11 34 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 XOR A,[m] Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z XORM A,[m] Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.11 35 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Package Information 28-pin SKDIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions A B 2 8 1 5 1 1 4 H C D E Symbol Rev. 1.11 F I G Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 1375 ¾ 1395 B 278 ¾ 298 C 125 ¾ 135 D 125 ¾ 145 E 16 ¾ 20 F 50 ¾ 70 G ¾ 100 ¾ H 295 ¾ 315 I ¾ ¾ 375 36 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions 2 8 1 5 A B 1 1 4 C C ' G H D E a F · MS-013 Symbol Rev. 1.11 Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 393 ¾ 419 B 256 ¾ 300 C 12 ¾ 20 C¢ 697 ¾ 713 D ¾ ¾ 104 E ¾ 50 ¾ F 4 ¾ 12 G 16 ¾ 50 H 8 ¾ 13 a 0° ¾ 8° 37 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 28-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions 1 5 2 8 A B 1 4 1 C C ' G H D E Symbol Rev. 1.11 a F Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 228 ¾ 244 B 150 ¾ 157 C 8 ¾ 12 C¢ 386 ¾ 394 D 54 ¾ 60 E ¾ 25 ¾ F 4 ¾ 10 G 22 ¾ 28 H 7 ¾ 10 a 0° ¾ 8° 38 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Product Tape and Reel Specifications Reel Dimensions D T 2 A C B T 1 SOP 28W (300mil) Symbol Description Dimensions in mm A Reel Outer Diameter 330.0±1.0 B Reel Inner Diameter 100.0±1.5 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5/-0.2 D Key Slit Width T1 Space Between Flange T2 Reel Thickness 2.0±0.5 24.8+0.3/-0.2 30.2±0.2 SSOP 28S (150mil) Symbol Description Dimensions in mm A Reel Outer Diameter B Reel Inner Diameter 100.0±1.5 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5/-0.2 D Key Slit Width T1 Space Between Flange T2 Reel Thickness Rev. 1.11 330.0±1.0 2.0±0.5 16.8+0.3/-0.2 22.2±0.2 39 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Carrier Tape Dimensions P 0 D P 1 t E F W C D 1 P B 0 K 0 A 0 R e e l H o le IC p a c k a g e p in 1 a n d th e r e e l h o le s a r e lo c a te d o n th e s a m e s id e . SOP 28W Symbol W Description Dimensions in mm Carrier Tape Width 24.0±0.3 P Cavity Pitch 12.0±0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75±0.10 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 11.5±0.1 D Perforation Diameter 1.5+0.1/-0.0 D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.50+0.25/-0.00 P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 10.85±0.10 B0 Cavity Width 18.34±0.10 K0 Cavity Depth 2.97±0.10 t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.35±0.01 C Cover Tape Width 21.3±0.1 SSOP 28S (150mil) Symbol Description Dimensions in mm W Carrier Tape Width 16.0±0.3 P Cavity Pitch 8.0±0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75±0.1 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) D Perforation Diameter 1.55+0.10/-0.00 D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.50+0.25/-0.00 P0 Perforation Pitch 7.5±0.1 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 6.5±0.1 B0 Cavity Width 10.3±0.1 K0 Cavity Depth 2.1±0.1 t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.30±0.05 C Cover Tape Width 13.3±0.1 Rev. 1.11 40 January 21, 2009 HT46R32/HT46R34 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters) No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office) 4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2655-7070 Fax: 886-2-2655-7373 Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline) Holtek Semiconductor (China) Inc. (Dongguan Sales Office) Building No. 10, Xinzhu Court, (No. 1 Headquarters), 4 Cuizhu Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, China 523808 Tel: 86-769-2626-1300 Fax: 86-769-2626-1311 Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office) 46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538, USA Tel: 1-510-252-9880 Fax: 1-510-252-9885 http://www.holtek.com Copyright Ó 2009 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw. Rev. 1.11 41 January 21, 2009