HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/ HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Cost-Effective I/O Type 8-Bit MCU Technical Document · Tools Information · FAQs · Application Note - HA0003E Communicating between the HT48 & HT46 Series MCUs and the HT93LC46 EEPROM HA0013E HT48 & HT46 LCM Interface Design HA0016E Writing and Reading to the HT24 EEPROM with the HT48 MCU Series HA0018E Controlling the HT1621 LCD Controller with the HT48 MCU Series HA0049E Read and Write Control of the HT1380 HA0075E MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note Features · Operating voltage: · Buzzer driving pair and PFD supported fSYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V fSYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V · HALT function and wake-up feature reduce power consumption · 13 bidirectional I/O lines · Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock · An interrupt input shared with an I/O line at VDD=5V · 8-bit programmable timer/event counter with over- · Allinstructionsinoneortwomachinecycles flow interrupt and 8-stage prescaler · 14-bit table read instruction · On-chip crystal and RC oscillator · Two-level subroutine nesting · Watchdog Timer · Bit manipulation instruction · Program memory ROM: · Powerful instructions: 512´14 for HT48R05A-1/HT48C05 1024´14 for HT48R06A-1/HT48C06 2048´14 for HT48R08A-1 62 for HT48R05A-1/HT48C05 63 for HT48R06A-1/HT48C06 and HT48R08A-1 · Low voltage reset function · Data memory RAM · 16-pin SSOP/NSOP package 32´8 for HT48R05A-1/HT48C05 64´8 for HT48R06A-1/HT48C06 96´8 for HT48R08A-1 18-pin DIP/SOP package General Description The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, timer functions, oscillator options, HALT and wake-up functions, Watchdog Timer, buzzer driver, as well as low cost, enhance the versatility of these devices to suit a wide range of application possibilities such as industrial control, consumer products, subsystem controllers, etc. The HT48R05A-1/HT48C05, HT48R06A-1/HT48C06 and HT48R08A-1 are 8-bit high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller devices specifically designed for cost-effective multiple I/O control product applications. The mask version HT48C05 and HT48C06 are fully pin and functionally compatible with the OTP version HT48R05A-1 and HT48R06A-1 devices. Selection Table Part No. VDD Program Data Memory Memory I/O Timer Int. PFD Stack Package Types HT48R05A-1 2.2V~5.5V 0.5K´14 HT48C05 32´8 13 8-bit´1 2 Ö 2 16SSOP/NSOP, 18DIP/SOP HT48R06A-1 2.2V~5.5V HT48C06 1K´14 64´8 13 8-bit´1 2 Ö 2 16SSOP/NSOP, 18DIP/SOP HT48R08A-1 2.2V~5.5V 2K´14 96´8 13 8-bit´1 2 Ö 2 16SSOP/NSOP, 18DIP/SOP Rev. 1.51 1 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Block Diagram IN T /P C 0 In te rru p t C ir c u it T M R C S T A C K 0 P ro g ra m R O M S T A C K 1 P ro g ra m C o u n te r IN T C M T M R U P r e s c a le r P C 0 In s tr u c tio n R e g is te r M M P U D A T A M e m o ry X W D T S U fS Y S /4 X R C O S C P C 0 ~ P C 1 B Z /B Z P B C S T A T U S P O R T B P A C S S P O R T A P A 0 ~ P A 7 P A A C C C 1 P B 0 ~ P B 2 P B S h ifte r T im in g G e n e ra to r O S R E V D V S M P O R T C P C A L U O S C 2 W D T W D T P r e s c a le r M U X Y S P C 1 P C C In s tr u c tio n D e c o d e r fS T M R /P C 1 X D Pin Assignment P A 3 1 1 6 P A 4 1 1 8 P A 4 2 1 7 P A 5 P A 2 2 1 5 P A 5 P A 1 3 1 6 P A 6 P A 1 3 1 4 P A 6 P A 0 4 1 5 P A 7 P A 0 4 1 3 P A 7 P B 2 5 1 4 O S C 2 P B 0 /B Z 5 1 2 O S C 2 P B 1 /B Z 6 1 3 O S C 1 V S S 6 1 1 O S C 1 P B 0 /B Z 7 1 2 V D D P C 0 /IN T 7 1 0 V D D V S S 8 1 1 R E S P C 1 /T M R 8 9 R E S P C 0 /IN T 9 1 0 P C 1 /T M R H T 4 8 R 0 5 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 5 H T 4 8 R 0 5 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 5 H T 4 8 R 0 6 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 6 H T 4 8 R 0 6 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 6 H T 4 8 R 0 8 A -1 H T 4 8 R 0 8 A -1 1 8 D IP -A /S O P -A 1 6 S S O P -A /N S O P -A Rev. 1.51 P A 3 P A 2 2 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Pin Description Pin Name PA0~PA7 I/O Options Description I/O Pull-high* Wake-up Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each bit can be configured as wake-up input by options. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with a pull-high resistor (determined by pull-high options). Bidirectional 3-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with a pull-high resistor (determined by pull-high options). The PB0 and PB1 are pin-shared with the BZ and BZ, respectively. Once the PB0 and PB1 are selected as buzzer driving outputs, the output signals come from an internal PFD generator (shared with a timer/event counter). PB0/BZ PB1/BZ PB2 I/O Pull-high* I/O or BZ/BZ VSS ¾ ¾ PC0/INT PC1/TMR Negative power supply, ground Bidirectional I/O lines. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with a pull-high resistor (determined by pull-high options). The external interrupt and timer input are pin-shared with the PC0 and PC1, respectively. The external interrupt input is activated on a high to low transition. I/O Pull-high* RES I ¾ Schmitt trigger reset input. Active low VDD ¾ ¾ Positive power supply OSC1 OSC2 I O Crystal or RC OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an RC network or Crystal (determined by options) for the internal system clock. In the case of RC operation, OSC2 is the output terminal for 1/4 system clock. * All pull-high resistors are controlled by an option bit. Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C IOL Total ..............................................................150mA IOH Total............................................................-100mA Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. D.C. Characteristics Symbol VDD IDD1 Parameter Operating Voltage Ta=25°C Test Conditions Conditions VDD Rev. 1.51 Unit 2.2 ¾ 5.5 V ¾ fSYS=8MHz 3.3 ¾ 5.5 V ¾ 0.6 1.5 mA ¾ 2 4 mA ¾ 0.8 1.5 mA ¾ 2.5 4 mA ¾ 4 8 mA 3V Operating Current (Crystal OSC) 3V Operating Current (RC OSC) Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) Max. fSYS=4MHz No load, fSYS=4MHz No load, fSYS=4MHz 5V IDD3 Typ. ¾ 5V IDD2 Min. 5V No load, fSYS=8MHz 3 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Symbol ISTB1 Parameter Test Conditions VDD Conditions 3V Standby Current (WDT Enabled) No load, system HALT 5V ISTB2 3V Standby Current (WDT Disabled) No load, system HALT 5V Min. Typ. Max. Unit ¾ ¾ 5 mA ¾ ¾ 10 mA ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ 2 mA VIL1 Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR and INT ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.3VDD V VIH1 Input High Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR and INT ¾ ¾ 0.7VDD ¾ VDD V VIL2 Input Low Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.4VDD V VIH2 Input High Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0.9VDD ¾ VDD V VLVR Low Voltage Reset ¾ LVR enabled 2.7 3.0 3.3 V IOL 4 8 I/O Port Sink Current ¾ 10 20 ¾ -2 -4 ¾ -5 -10 ¾ 20 60 100 10 30 50 3V VOL=0.1VDD 5V IOH 3V I/O Port Source Current VOH=0.9VDD 5V RPH 3V ¾ Pull-high Resistance 5V A.C. Characteristics Symbol fSYS fTIMER Parameter System Clock (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) Timer I/P Frequency (TMR) tWDTOSC Watchdog Oscillator Period mA mA kW Ta=25°C Test Conditions Conditions VDD Min. Typ. Max. Unit ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 400 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 400 ¾ 8000 kHz ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 0 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 0 ¾ 8000 kHz 45 90 180 32 65 130 11 23 46 8 17 33 3V ¾ 5V 3V ms tWDT1 Watchdog Time-out Period (RC) tWDT2 Watchdog Time-out Period (System Clock) ¾ Without WDT prescaler ¾ 1024 ¾ tRES External Reset Low Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tSST System Start-up Timer Period ¾ ¾ 1024 ¾ tSYS tINT Interrupt Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tLVR Low Voltage Width to Reset ¾ ¾ 0.25 1 2 ms Without WDT prescaler 5V Wake-up from HALT ms tSYS Note: tSYS=1/fSYS Rev. 1.51 4 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Functional Description Execution Flow incremented by one. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. The system clock for the microcontroller is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip execution, loading PCL register, subroutine call, initial reset, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from subroutine, the PC manipulates the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruction to effectively execute in a cycle. If an instruction changes the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise proceed with the next instruction. The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a readable and writable register (06H). Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be within 256 locations. Program Counter - PC The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in program ROM are executed and its contents specify full range of program memory. When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an instruction code, the contents of the program counter are S y s te m C lo c k T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 O S C 2 ( R C o n ly ) P C P C P C + 1 F e tc h IN S T (P C ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 ) P C + 2 F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C ) F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 ) Execution Flow Mode Program Counter *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 Initial Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 External Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Timer/Event Counter Overflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 @3 @2 @1 @0 Skip Program Counter+2 Loading PCL *10 *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 Jump, Call Branch #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 Return from Subroutine S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Program Counter Note: *10~*0: Program Counter bits S10~S0: Stack register bits #10~#0: Instruction code bits @7~@0: PCL bits For HT48R05A-1/HT48C05, the Program Counter is 9 bits wide, i.e. from *8~*0 For HT48R06A-1/HT48C06, the Program Counter is 10 bits wide, i.e. from *9~*0 For HT48R08A-1, the Program Counter is 11 bits wide, i.e. from *10~*0 Rev. 1.51 5 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 · Table location Program Memory - ROM The program memory is used to store the program instructions which are to be executed. It also contains data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized into 512´14 bits (HT48R05A-1/HT48C05), 1024´14 bits (HT48R06A-1/HT48C06) or 2048´14 bits (HT48R08A-1), addressed by the program counter and table pointer. Any location in the program memory can be used as look-up tables. The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (the current page, 1 page=256 words) and ²TABRDL [m]² (the last page; However this statement is not valid for the HT48R05A-1/HT48C05 devices) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to TBLH (08H). Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word are transferred to the lower portion of TBLH, and the remaining 2 bits are read as ²0². The Table Higher-order byte register (TBLH) is read only. The table pointer (TBLP) is a read/write register (07H), which indicates the table location. Before accessing the table, the location must be placed in TBLP. The TBLH is read only and cannot be restored. If the main routine and the ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) both employ the table read instruction, the contents of the TBLH in the main routine are likely to be changed by the table read instruction used in the ISR. Errors can occur. In other words, using the table read instruction in the main routine and the ISR simultaneously should be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has to be applied in both the main routine and the ISR, the interrupt is supposed to be disabled prior to the table read instruction. It will not be enabled until the TBLH has Certain locations in the program memory are reserved for special usage: · Location 000H This area is reserved for program initialization. After chip reset, the program always begins execution at location 000H. · Location 004H This area is reserved for the external interrupt service program. If the INT input pin is activated, the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 004H. · Location 008H This area is reserved for the timer/event counter interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a timer/event counter overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 008H. H T 4 8 R 0 5 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 5 H T 4 8 R 0 6 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 6 H T 4 8 R 0 8 A -1 In itia liz a tio n V e c to r In itia liz a tio n V e c to r In itia liz a tio n V e c to r E x te rn a l In te rru p t V e c to r E x te rn a l In te rru p t V e c to r E x te rn a l In te rru p t V e c to r T im e r /C o u n te r In te rru p t V e c to r T im e r /C o u n te r In te rru p t V e c to r T im e r /C o u n te r In te rru p t V e c to r 1 4 b its 1 4 b its 1 4 b its 0 0 0 H 0 0 4 H 0 0 8 H 1 F F H 2 0 0 H 3 F F H 4 0 0 H N o t Im p le m e n te d 7 F F H Program Memory Instruction Table Location *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 TABRDC [m] P10 P9 P8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 TABRDL [m] 1 1 1 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Table Location Note: *10~*0: Table location bits P10~P8: Current program counter bits @7~@0: Table pointer bits For HT48R05A-1/HT48C05, the table address location is 9 bits, i.e. from *8~*0 For HT48R06A-1/HT48C06, the table address location is 10 bits, i.e. from *9~*0 For HT48R08A-1, the table address location is 11 bits, i.e. from *10~*0 Rev. 1.51 6 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 20H to 7FH (HT48R08A-1), is used for data and control information under instruction commands. been backed up. All table related instructions require two cycles to complete the operation. These areas may function as normal program memory depending upon the requirements. All of the data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations directly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and reset by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i². They are also indirectly accessible through memory pointer register (MP;01H). Stack Register - STACK This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the Program Counter only. The stack is organized into 2 levels and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither readable nor writable. The activated level is indexed by the stack pointer (SP) and is neither readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledgment, the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction (RET or RETI), the program counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the stack. Indirect Addressing Register Location 00H is an indirect addressing register that is not physically implemented. Any read/write operation of [00H] accesses data memory pointed to by MP (01H). Reading location 00H itself indirectly will return the result 00H. Writing indirectly results in no operation. The memory pointer register MP (01H) is a 7-bit register. The bit 7 of MP is undefined and reading will return the result ²1². Any writing operation to MP will only transfer the lower 7-bit data to MP. If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledgment will be inhibited. When the stack pointer is decremented (by RET or RETI), the interrupt will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily. In a similar case, if the stack is full and a ²CALL² is subsequently executed, stack overflow occurs and the first entry will be lost (only the most recent 2 return addresses are stored). Accumulator The accumulator is closely related to ALU operations. It is also mapped to location 05H of the data memory and can carry out immediate data operations. The data movement between two data memory locations must pass through the accumulator. Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. The ALU provides the following functions: Data Memory - RAM The data memory is designed with 49´8 bits (HT48R05A-1/HT48C05), 81´8 bits (HT48R06A-1/ HT48C06) or 113´8 bits (HT48R08A-1). The data memory is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose data memory 32´8 (HT48R05A-1/HT48C05), 64´8 (HT48R06A-1/ HT48C06) or 96´8 (HT48R08A-1). Most are read/write, but some are read only. · Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA) · Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL) · Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC) · Increment and Decrement (INC, DEC) · Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ ....) The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation but also changes the status register. The special function registers include the indirect addressing register (00H), timer/event counter (TMR;0DH), timer/event counter control register (TMRC;0EH), program counter lower-order byte register (PCL;06H), memory pointer register (MP;01H), accumulator (ACC;05H), table pointer (TBLP;07H), table higher-order byte register (TBLH;08H), status register (STATUS;0AH), interrupt control register (INTC;0BH), Watchdog Timer option setting register (WDTS;09H), I/O registers (PA;12H, PB;14H, PC;16H) and I/O control registers (PAC;13H, PBC;15H, PCC;17H). The remaining space before the 60H (HT48R05A-1/HT48C05), 40H (HT48R06A-1/HT48C06) or 20H (HT48R08A-1) is reserved for future expanded usage and reading these locations will get ²00H². The general purpose data memory, addressed from 60H to 7FH (HT48R05A-1/ HT48C05), 40H to 7FH (HT48R06A-1/HT48C06) or Rev. 1.51 Status Register - STATUS This 8-bit register (0AH) contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also records the status information and controls the operation sequence. With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions like most other registers. Any data written into the status register will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addition operations related to the status register may give different results from those intended. The TO flag can be affected only by system power-up, a WDT time-out or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. The PDF flag can be affected only by executing the ²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or a system power-up. 7 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 H T 4 8 R 0 5 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 5 H T 4 8 R 0 6 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 6 H T 4 8 R 0 8 A -1 0 0 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 0 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 0 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 1 H M P 0 1 H M P 0 1 H M P 0 2 H 0 2 H 0 2 H 0 3 H 0 3 H 0 3 H 0 4 H 0 4 H 0 4 H 0 5 H A C C 0 5 H A C C 0 5 H 0 6 H P C L 0 6 H P C L 0 6 H P C L 0 7 H T B L P 0 7 H T B L P 0 7 H T B L P T B L H A C C T B L H T B L H 0 8 H 0 9 H W D T S 0 9 H W D T S 0 9 H W D T S 0 A H S T A T U S 0 A H S T A T U S 0 A H S T A T U S 0 B H IN T C 0 B H IN T C S p e c ia l P u r p o s e 0 B H D a ta M e m o ry 0 C H IN T C 0 8 H S p e c ia l P u r p o s e D a ta M e m o ry 0 C H 0 8 H 0 C H 0 D H T M R 0 D H T M R 0 D H T M R 0 E H T M R C 0 E H T M R C 0 E H T M R C 0 F H 0 F H 0 F H 1 0 H 1 0 H 1 0 H 1 1 H 1 1 H 1 1 H 1 2 H P A 1 2 H P A 1 2 H P A 1 3 H P A C 1 3 H P A C 1 3 H P A C 1 4 H P B 1 4 H P B 1 4 H P B 1 5 H P B C 1 5 H P B C 1 5 H P B C 1 6 H P C 1 6 H P C 1 6 H P C 1 7 H 1 8 H P C C 1 7 H 1 8 H P C C 1 7 H 1 8 H P C C 5 F H 6 0 H : U n u s e d , re a d a s "0 0 " 1 F H 2 0 H 3 F H 4 0 H G e n e ra l P u rp o s e D a ta M e m o ry (6 4 B y te s ) G e n e ra l P u rp o s e D a ta M e m o ry (3 2 B y te s ) 7 F H S p e c ia l P u r p o s e D a ta M e m o ry G e n e ra l P u rp o s e D a ta M e m o ry (9 6 B y te s ) 7 F H 7 F H RAM Mapping Bit No. Label Function 0 C C is set if the operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. 1 AC AC is set if the operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is cleared. 2 Z Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared. 3 OV OV is set if the operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared. 4 PDF PDF is cleared by system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing the ²HALT² instruction. 5 TO TO is cleared by system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by a WDT time-out. 6~7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² Status (0AH) Register The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations. Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked (by clearing the EMI bit). This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may happen during this interval but only the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain interrupt requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bit of INTC may be set to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until the SP is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must be prevented from becoming full. In addition, on entering the interrupt sequence or executing the subroutine call, the status register will not be pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of the status are important and if the subroutine can corrupt the status register, precautions must be taken to save it properly. Interrupt The device provides an external interrupt and internal timer/event counter interrupts. The Interrupt Control Register (INTC;0BH) contains the interrupt control bits to set the enable or disable and the interrupt request flags. Rev. 1.51 All these kinds of interrupts have a wake-up capability. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by 8 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Bit No. Label Function 0 EMI Controls the master (global) interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 1 EEI Controls the external interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 2 ETI Controls the timer/event counter interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 3, 6~7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² 4 EIF External interrupt request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 5 TF Internal timer/event counter request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) INTC (0BH) Register data memory. EMI, EEI, ETI are used to control the enabling/disabling of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request flags (TF, EIF) are set, they will remain in the INTC register until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a software instruction. pushing the program counter onto the stack, followed by a branch to a subroutine at specified location in the program memory. Only the program counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or status register (STATUS) are altered by the interrupt service program which corrupts the desired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance. It is recommended that a program does not use the ²CALL subroutine² within the interrupt subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged once the ²CALL² operates in the interrupt subroutine. External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transition of INT and the related interrupt request flag (EIF; bit 4 of INTC) will be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the external interrupt is active, a subroutine call to location 04H will occur. The interrupt request flag (EIF) and EMI bits will be cleared to disable other interrupts. The internal timer/event counter interrupt is initialized by setting the timer/event counter interrupt request flag (TF; bit 5 of INTC), caused by a timer overflow. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the TF bit is set, a subroutine call to location 08H will occur. The related interrupt request flag (TF) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. Oscillator Configuration There are two oscillator circuits in the microcontroller. V O S C 1 During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other interrupt acknowledgments are held until the ²RETI² instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set to 1 (of course, if the stack is not full). To return from the interrupt subroutine, ²RET² or ²RETI² may be invoked. RETI will set the EMI bit to enable an interrupt service, but RET will not. Interrupt Source C r y s ta l O s c illa to r External Interrupt 1 04H b Timer/Event Counter Overflow 2 08H O S C 2 R C O s c illa to r Both are designed for system clocks, namely the RC oscillator and the Crystal oscillator, which are determined by the options. No matter what oscillator type is selected, the signal provides the system clock. The HALT mode stops the system oscillator and ignores an external signal to conserve power. If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VDD is required and the resistance must range from 24kW to 1MW. The system clock, divided by 4, is available on OSC2, which can be used to synchronize external logic. The RC oscillator provides the most cost effective solution. However, the frequency of oscillation may vary with VDD, temperatures and the chip itself due to process variations. It is, therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations where an accurate oscillator frequency is desired. The timer/event counter interrupt request flag (TF), external interrupt request flag (EIF), enable timer/event counter bit (ETI), enable external interrupt bit (EEI) and enable master interrupt bit (EMI) constitute an interrupt control register (INTC) which is located at 0BH in the Rev. 1.51 fS Y S /4 N M O S O p e n D r a in System Oscillator Priority Vector a O S C 1 4 7 0 p F O S C 2 Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests the following table shows the priority that is applied. These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit. No. D D 9 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 If the Crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator, and no other external components are required. Instead of a crystal, a resonator can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required (If the oscillating frequency is less than 1MHz). The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, and no external components are required. Even if the system enters the power down mode, the system clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works with a period of approximately 65ms at 5V. The WDT oscillator can be disabled by options to conserve power. WS1 WS0 Division Ratio 0 0 0 1:1 0 0 1 1:2 0 1 0 1:4 0 1 1 1:8 1 0 0 1:16 1 0 1 1:32 1 1 0 1:64 1 1 1 1:128 WDTS (09H) Register The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize ²chip reset² and set the status bit ²TO². But in the HALT mode, the overflow will initialize a ²warm reset², and only the Program Counter and SP are reset to zero. To clear the contents of WDT (including the WDT prescaler), three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level to RES), software instruction and a ²HALT² instruction. The software instruction include ²CLR WDT² and the other set - ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². Of these two types of instruction, only one can be active depending on the option - ²CLR WDT times selection option². If the ²CLR WDT² is selected (i.e. CLRWDT times equal one), any execution of the ²CLR WDT² instruction will clear the WDT. In the case that ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² are chosen (i.e. CLRWDT times equal two), these two instructions must be executed to clear the WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset the chip as a result of time-out. Watchdog Timer - WDT The clock source of WDT is implemented by a dedicated RC oscillator (WDT oscillator) or instruction clock (system clock divided by 4), decided by options. This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence from jumping to an unknown location with unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can be disabled by an option. If the Watchdog Timer is disabled, all the executions related to the WDT result in no operation. Once the internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with a period of 65ms at 5V normally) is selected, it is first divided by 256 (8-stage) to get the nominal time-out period of approximately 17ms at 5V. This time-out period may vary with temperatures, VDD and process variations. By invoking the WDT prescaler, longer time-out periods can be realized. Writing data to WS2, WS1, WS0 (bit 2,1,0 of the WDTS) can give different time-out periods. If WS2, WS1 and WS0 are all equal to ²1², the division ratio is up to 1:128, and the maximum time-out period is 2.1s at 5V seconds. If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still come from the instruction clock and operate in the same manner except that in the HALT state the WDT may stop counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the logic can only be restarted by external logic. The high nibble and bit 3 of the WDTS are reserved for user¢s defined flags, which can be used to indicate some specified status. Power Down Operation - HALT The HALT mode is initialized by the ²HALT² instruction and results in the following... · The system oscillator will be turned off but the WDT oscillator keeps running (if the WDT oscillator is selected). · The contents of the on chip RAM and registers remain unchanged. · WDT and WDT prescaler will be cleared and re- counted again (if the WDT clock is from the WDT oscillator). If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recommended, since the HALT will stop the system clock. S y s te m WS2 · All of the I/O ports maintain their original status. · The PDF flag is set and the TO flag is cleared. C lo c k /4 W D T P r e s c a le r O p tio n S e le c t 8 - b it C o u n te r W D T O S C 7 - b it C o u n te r 8 -to -1 M U X W S 0 ~ W S 2 W D T T im e - o u t Watchdog Timer Rev. 1.51 10 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 The system can leave the HALT mode by means of an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge signal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset causes a device initialization and the WDT overflow performs a ²warm reset². After the TO and PDF flags are examined, the reason for chip reset can be determined. The PDF flag is cleared by system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction and is set when executing the ²HALT² instruction. The TO flag is set if the WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the Program Counter and SP; the others keep their original status. V D D R E S tS S T S S T T im e - o u t C h ip R e s e t Reset Timing Chart V V D D D D 0 .0 1 m F 1 0 0 k W 1 0 0 k W R E S The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in port A can be independently selected to wake up the device by the options. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program will resume execution of the next instruction. If it is awakening from an interrupt, two sequences may happen. If the related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program will resume execution at the next instruction. If the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt response takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² before entering the HALT mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled. Once a wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 tSYS (system clock period) to resume normal operation. In other words, a dummy period will be inserted after wake-up. If the wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledgment, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by one or more cycles. If the wake-up results in the next instruction execution, this will be executed immediately after the dummy period is finished. R E S 0 .1 m F 1 0 k W B a s ic R e s e t C ir c u it H i-n o is e R e s e t C ir c u it 0 .1 m F Reset Circuit Note: Most applications can use the Basic Reset Circuit as shown, however for applications with extensive noise, it is recommended to use the Hi-noise Reset Circuit. H A L T W a rm R e s e t W D T R E S C o ld R e s e t S S T 1 0 - b it R ip p le C o u n te r O S C 1 S y s te m R e s e t Reset Configuration To minimize power consumption, all the I/O pins should be carefully managed before entering the HALT status. TO PDF RESET Conditions Reset 0 0 RES reset during power-up There are three ways in which a reset can occur: u u RES reset during normal operation · RES reset during normal operation 0 1 RES wake-up HALT · RES reset during HALT 1 u WDT time-out during normal operation · WDT time-out reset during normal operation 1 1 WDT wake-up HALT The WDT time-out during HALT is different from other chip reset conditions, since it can perform a ²warm re set² that resets only the Program Counter and SP, leaving the other circuits in their original state. Some registers remain unchanged during other reset conditions. Most registers are reset to the ²initial condition² when the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between different ²chip resets². Rev. 1.51 Note: ²u² stands for ²unchanged² To guarantee that the system oscillator is started and stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system reset (power-up, WDT time-out or RES reset) or the system awakes from the HALT state. When a system reset occurs, the SST delay is added during the reset period. Any wake-up from HALT will enable the SST delay. 11 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 An extra option load time delay is added during system reset (power-up, WDT time-out at normal mode or RES reset). The functional unit chip reset status are shown below. Program Counter 000H Interrupt Disable Prescaler Clear WDT Clear. After master reset, WDT begins counting Timer/Event Counter Off Input/Output Ports Input mode Stack Pointer Points to the top of the stack The states of the registers is summarized in the table. Reset (Power-on) WDT time-out (Normal Operation) RES Reset (Normal Operation) RES Reset (HALT) WDT Time-out (HALT)* 000H 000H 000H 000H 000H MP -xxx xxxx -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu ACC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TBLP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TBLH --xx xxxx --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --uu uuuu WDTS 0000 0111 0000 0111 0000 0111 0000 0111 uuuu uuuu xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu Register Program Counter STATUS INTC --00 -000 --00 -000 --00 -000 --00 -000 --uu -uuu TMR xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMRC 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PB ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -uuu PBC ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -uuu PC ---- --11 ---- --11 ---- --11 ---- --11 ---- --uu PCC ---- --11 ---- --11 ---- --11 ---- --11 ---- --uu Note: ²*² means ²warm reset² ²u² means ²unchanged² ²x² means ²unknown² The timer/event counter can generate PFD signal by using external or internal clock and PFD frequency is determine by the equation fINT/[2´(256-N)]. Timer/Event Counter A timer/event counter (TMR) is implemented in the microcontroller. The timer/event counter contains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come from an external source or the system clock. There are 2 registers related to the timer/event counter; TMR ([0DH]), TMRC ([0EH]). Two physical registers are mapped to TMR location; writing TMR makes the starting value be placed in the timer/event counter preload register and reading TMR retrieves the contents of the timer/event counter. The TMRC is a timer/event counter control register, which defines some options. Using external clock input allows the user to count external events, measure time internals or pulse widths, or generate an accurate time base. While using the internal clock allows the user to generate an accurate time base. Rev. 1.51 12 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 remain in the timer/event counter even if the activated transient occurs again. In other words, only one cycle measurement can be done. Until setting the TON, the cycle measurement will function again as long as it receives further transient pulse. Note that, in this operating mode, the timer/event counter starts counting not according to the logic level but according to the transient edges. In the case of counter overflows, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter preload register and issues the interrupt request just like the other two modes. To enable the counting operation, the timer ON bit (TON; bit 4 of TMRC) should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the TON will be cleared automatically after the measurement cycle is completed. But in the other two modes the TON can only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the timer/event counter is one of the wake-up sources. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to ETI can disable the interrupt service. The TM0, TM1 bits define the operating mode. The event count mode is used to count external events, which means the clock source comes from an external (TMR) pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the fINT clock. The pulse width measurement mode can be used to count the high or low level duration of the external signal (TMR). The counting is based on the fINT clock. In the event count or timer mode, once the timer/event counter starts counting, it will count from the current contents in the timer/event counter to FFH. Once overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter preload register and generates the interrupt request flag (TF; bit 5 of INTC) at the same time. In the pulse width measurement mode with the TON and TE bits equal to one, once the TMR has received a transient from low to high (or high to low if the TE bits is ²0²) it will start counting until the TMR returns to the original level and resets the TON. The measured result will fS Y S 8 - s ta g e P r e s c a le r f IN 8 -1 M U X P S C 2 ~ P S C 0 D a ta B u s T T M 1 T M 0 T M R T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P r e lo a d R e g is te r R e lo a d T E T M 1 T M 0 T O N P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r O v e r flo w to In te rru p t 1 /2 B Z B Z Timer/Event Counter Bit No. 0~2 Label 3 TE 4 TON 5 ¾ 6 7 Function To define the prescaler stages, PSC2, PSC1, PSC0= 000: fINT=fSYS/2 001: fINT=fSYS/4 010: fINT=fSYS/8 PSC0~PSC2 011: fINT=fSYS/16 100: fINT=fSYS/32 101: fINT=fSYS/64 110: fINT=fSYS/128 111: fINT=fSYS/256 TM0 TM1 To define the TMR active edge of the timer/event counter (0=active on low to high; 1=active on high to low) To enable or disable timer counting (0=disabled; 1=enabled) Unused bit, read as ²0² To define the operating mode 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMRC (0EH) Register Rev. 1.51 13 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 also depends on the control register. If the control register bit is ²1², the input will read the pad state. If the control register bit is ²0², the contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The latter is possible in the ²read-modify-write² instruction. In the case of timer/event counter OFF condition, writing data to the timer/event counter preload register will also reload that data to the timer/event counter. But if the timer/event counter is turned on, data written to it will only be kept in the timer/event counter preload register. The timer/event counter will still operate until overflow occurs. When the timer/event counter (reading TMR) is read, the clock will be blocked to avoid errors. As clock blocking may results in a counting error, this must be taken into consideration by the programmer. For output function, CMOS is the only configuration. These control registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H and 17H. After a chip reset, these input/output lines remain at high levels or floating state (dependent on pull-high options). Each bit of these input/output latches can be set or cleared by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² (m=12H, 14H or 16H) instructions. The bit0~2 of the TMRC can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock sources of the timer/event counter. The definitions are as shown. The overflow signal of the timer/event counter can be used to generate PFD signals for buzzer driving. Some instructions first input data and then follow the output operations. For example, ²SET [m].i², ²CLR [m].i², ²CPL [m]², ²CPLA [m]² read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or the accumulator. Input/Output Ports There are 13 bidirectional input/output lines in the microcontroller, labeled from PA to PC, which are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H] and [16H] respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output operations. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]² (m=12H, 14H or 16H). For output operation, all the data is latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the device. The highest 6-bit of port C and 5 bits of port B are not physically implemented; on reading them a ²0² is returned whereas writing then results in a no-operation. See Application note. There is a pull-high option available for all I/O lines. Once the pull-high option is selected, all I/O lines have pull-high resistors. Otherwise, the pull-high resistors are absent. It should be noted that a non-pull-high I/O line operating in input mode will cause a floating state. Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC) to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically (i.e. on-the-fly) under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register must write ²1². The input source The PB0 and PB1 are pin-shared with BZ and BZ signal, respectively. If the BZ/BZ option is selected, the output V D a ta B u s W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r C o n tr o l B it Q D P u ll- h ig h Q C K S C h ip R e s e t R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r W r ite D a ta R e g is te r P A 0 ~ P A 7 P B 0 ~ P B 2 P C 0 ~ P C 1 D a ta B it Q D C K S Q M P B 0 E X T ( P B 0 , P B 1 O n ly ) M R e a d D a ta R e g is te r S y s te (P IN T fo T M R fo m W A o n r P C r P C a k ly 0 1 ) e -u p D D U U X B Z E N ( P B 0 , P B 1 O n ly ) X O P 0 ~ O P 7 O n ly O n ly Input/Output Ports Rev. 1.51 14 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Low Voltage Reset - LVR signal in output mode of PB0/PB1 will be the PFD signal generated by timer/event counter overflow signal. The input mode always remaining its original functions. Once the BZ/BZ option is selected, the buzzer output signals are controlled by PB0 data register only. The I/O functions of PB0/PB1 are shown below. PB0 I/O I I PB1 I/O I PB0/PB1 Mode O O O O O O The LVR includes the following specifications: O O O I I · The low voltage (0.9V~VLVR) has to remain in their x C B B C B B C B B PB0 Data x x 0 1 D 0 1 D0 0 1 original state to exceed 1ms. If the low voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it and do not perform a reset function. PB1 Data x D x x x x x D1 x x · The LVR uses the ²OR² function with the external PB0 Pad Status I I I I D 0 B D0 0 B I B PB1 Pad Status I Note: D I 0 I The microcontroller provides low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. If the supply voltage of the device is within the range 0.9V~VLVR, such as changing a battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. B I I O O O I D1 0 RES signal to perform chip reset. The relationship between VDD and VLVR is shown below. V D D 5 .5 V I: input; O: output; D, D0, D1: data; B: buzzer option, BZ or BZ; x: don't care C: CMOS output V O P R 5 .5 V V The PC0 and PC1 are pin-shared with INT, TMR and pins respectively. 2 .2 V It is recommended that unused or not bonded out I/O lines should be set as output pins by software instruction to avoid consuming power under input floating state. 0 .9 V Note: V L V R 3 .0 V VOPR is the voltage range for proper chip operation at 4MHz system clock. D D 5 .5 V V L V R L V R D e te c t V o lta g e 0 .9 V 0 V R e s e t S ig n a l N o r m a l O p e r a tio n R e s e t R e s e t *1 *2 Low Voltage Reset Note: *1: To make sure that the system oscillator has stabilized, the SST provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses before entering the normal operation. *2: Since low voltage has to be maintained in its original state and exceed 1ms, therefore 1ms delay enters the reset mode. Rev. 1.51 15 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Options The following table shows all kinds of options in the microcontroller. All of the options must be defined to ensure proper system functioning. Items Options 1 WDT clock source: WDTOSC or fSYS/4 2 WDT function: enable or disable 3 LVR function: enable or disable 4 CLRWDT instruction(s): one or two clear WDT instruction(s) 5 System oscillator: RC or crystal 6 Pull-high resistors (PA~PC): none or pull-high 7 BZ function: enable or disable 8 PA0~PA7 wake-up: enable or disable Application Circuits V D D V D D R e s e t C ir c u it 1 0 0 k W 0 .1 m F R E S 0 .1 m F V S S O S C C ir c u it V P A 0 ~ P A 7 D D R P B 0 /B Z P B 1 /B Z P B 2 O S C 4 7 0 p F O S C 1 R C S y s te m O s c illa to r 2 4 k W < R O S C < 1 M W O S C 2 N M O S o p e n d r a in C 1 P C 0 /IN T P C 1 /T M R C 2 O S C 1 O S C 2 O S C 1 R 1 O S C 2 O S C H T 4 8 R 0 5 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 5 H T 4 8 R 0 6 A -1 /H T 4 8 C 0 6 H T 4 8 R 0 8 A -1 C r y s ta l/R e s o n a to r S y s te m O s c illa to r F o r R 1 , C 1 , C 2 s e e n o te C ir c u it Note: 1. Crystal/resonator system oscillators For crystal oscillators, C1 and C2 are only required for some crystal frequencies to ensure oscillation. For resonator applications C1 and C2 are normally required for oscillation to occur. For most applications it is not necessary to add R1. However if the LVR function is disabled, and if it is required to stop the oscillator when VDD falls below its operating range, it is recommended that R1 is added. The values of C1 and C2 should be selected in consultation with the crystal/resonator manufacturer specifications. 2. Reset circuit The reset circuit resistance and capacitance values should be chosen to ensure that VDD is stable and remains within its operating voltage range before the RES pin reaches a high level. Ensure that the length of the wiring connected to the RES pin is kept as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. 3. For applications where noise may interfere with the reset circuit and for details on the oscillator external components, refer to Application Note HA0075E for more information. Rev. 1.51 16 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Instruction Set subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values in the destination specified. Introduction Central to the successful operation of any microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads. Logical and Rotate Operations For easier understanding of the various instruction codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings. The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass through the Accumulator which may involve additional programming steps. In all logical data operations, the zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero. Another form of logical data manipulation comes from the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for serial port programming applications where data can be rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit set high or low. Another application where rotate data operations are used is to implement multiplication and division calculations. Instruction Timing Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system oscillator, most instructions would be implemented within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved then only one cycle is required. Branches and Control Transfer Program branching takes the form of either jumps to specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause the program to jump back to the address right after the CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the program simply jumps to the desired location. There is no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and jump to the following instruction. These instructions are the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits. Moving and Transferring Data The transfer of data within the microcontroller program is one of the most frequently used operations. Making use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be transferred from registers to the Accumulator and vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most important data transfer applications is to receive data from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports. Arithmetic Operations The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and data manipulation is a necessary feature of most microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and Rev. 1.51 17 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Bit Operations Other Operations The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for output port bit programming where individual bits or port pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET [m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the 8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure that other bits are not changed and then output the port with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used. In addition to the above functional instructions, a range of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations, refer to the functional related sections. Instruction Set Summary The following table depicts a summary of the instruction set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions. Table Read Operations Table conventions: Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory. Mnemonic x: Bits immediate data m: Data Memory address A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: Program memory address Description Cycles Flag Affected 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1Note 1Note Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV C 1 1 1 1Note 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 1 1Note 1 1Note Z Z Z Z Arithmetic ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m] DAA [m] Add Data Memory to ACC Add ACC to Data Memory Add immediate data to ACC Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Add ACC to Data memory with Carry Subtract immediate data from the ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory Logic Operation AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m] Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Logical AND immediate Data to ACC Logical OR immediate Data to ACC Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC Complement Data Memory Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Increment & Decrement INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m] Rev. 1.51 Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Increment Data Memory Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Decrement Data Memory 18 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Mnemonic Description Cycles Flag Affected Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left through Carry 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note None None C C None None C C Move Data Memory to ACC Move ACC to Data Memory Move immediate data to ACC 1 1Note 1 None None None Clear bit of Data Memory Set bit of Data Memory 1Note 1Note None None Jump unconditionally Skip if Data Memory is zero Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt 2 1Note 1note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 2 2 2 2 None None None None None None None None None None None None None Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory 2Note 2Note None None No operation Clear Data Memory Set Data Memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of Data Memory Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode 1 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 1 None None None TO, PDF TO, PDF TO, PDF None None TO, PDF Rotate RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m] Data Move MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x Bit Operation CLR [m].i SET [m].i Branch JMP addr SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI Table Read TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m] Miscellaneous NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT Note: 1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required, if no skip takes place only one cycle is required. 2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution. 3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Rev. 1.51 19 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Instruction Definition ADC A,[m] Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADCM A,[m] Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADD A,[m] Add Data Memory to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADD A,x Add immediate data to ACC Description The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + x Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADDM A,[m] Add ACC to Data Memory Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C AND A,[m] Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) Z AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x Affected flag(s) Z ANDM A,[m] Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.51 20 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 CALL addr Subroutine call Description Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction. Operation Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1 Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) None CLR [m] Clear Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m] ¬ 00H Affected flag(s) None CLR [m].i Clear bit of Data Memory Description Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m].i ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) None CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF CLR WDT1 Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no effect. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF CLR WDT2 Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no effect. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF Rev. 1.51 21 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 CPL [m] Complement Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. Operation [m] ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Z CPLA [m] Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Z DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory Description Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + 00H or [m] ¬ ACC + 06H or [m] ¬ ACC + 60H or [m] ¬ ACC + 66H Affected flag(s) C DEC [m] Decrement Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m] - 1 Affected flag(s) Z DECA [m] Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] - 1 Affected flag(s) Z HALT Enter power down mode Description This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared. Operation TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF Rev. 1.51 22 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 INC [m] Increment Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m] + 1 Affected flag(s) Z INCA [m] Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] + 1 Affected flag(s) Z JMP addr Jump unconditionally Description The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction. Operation Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) None MOV A,[m] Move Data Memory to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) None MOV A,x Move immediate data to ACC Description The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) None MOV [m],A Move ACC to Data Memory Description The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC Affected flag(s) None NOP No operation Description No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction. Operation No operation Affected flag(s) None OR A,[m] Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.51 23 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x Affected flag(s) Z ORM A,[m] Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z RET Return from subroutine Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack Affected flag(s) None RET A,x Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) None RETI Return from interrupt Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the enable master (global) interrupt bit (bit 0; register INTC). If an interrupt was pending when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack EMI ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) None RL [m] Rotate Data Memory left Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) None RLA [m] Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.51 24 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 RLC [m] Rotate Data Memory left through Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) C RLCA [m] Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) C RR [m] Rotate Data Memory right Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None RRA [m] Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None RRC [m] Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) C RRCA [m] Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) C Rev. 1.51 25 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 SBC A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SBCM A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SDZ [m] Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation [m] ¬ [m] - 1 Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SDZA [m] Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] - 1 Skip if ACC = 0 Affected flag(s) None SET [m] Set Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ FFH Affected flag(s) None SET [m].i Set bit of Data Memory Description Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. Operation [m].i ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.51 26 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 SIZ [m] Skip if increment Data Memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation [m] ¬ [m] + 1 Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SIZA [m] Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] + 1 Skip if ACC = 0 Affected flag(s) None SNZ [m].i Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0 Description If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m].i ¹ 0 Affected flag(s) None SUB A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC Description The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SUBM A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Description The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ ACC - [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from ACC Description The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - x Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C Rev. 1.51 27 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 SWAP [m] Swap nibbles of Data Memory Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. Operation [m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4 Affected flag(s) None SWAPA [m] Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4 ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None SZ [m] Skip if Data Memory is 0 Description If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SZA [m] Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SZ [m].i Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0 Description If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m].i = 0 Affected flag(s) None TABRDC [m] Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Description The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. Operation [m] ¬ program code (low byte) TBLH ¬ program code (high byte) Affected flag(s) None TABRDL [m] Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory Description The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. Operation [m] ¬ program code (low byte) TBLH ¬ program code (high byte) Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.51 28 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 XOR A,[m] Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z XORM A,[m] Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.51 29 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Package Information 16-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions 9 1 6 A B 1 8 C C ' G H D E Symbol Rev. 1.51 a F Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 228 ¾ 244 B 150 ¾ 157 C 8 ¾ 12 C¢ 189 ¾ 197 D 54 ¾ 60 E ¾ 25 ¾ F 4 ¾ 10 G 22 ¾ 28 H 7 ¾ 10 a 0° ¾ 8° 30 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 16-pin NSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions 1 6 A 9 B 8 1 C C ' G H D E a F · MS-012 Symbol Rev. 1.51 Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 228 ¾ 244 B 150 ¾ 157 C 12 ¾ 20 C¢ 386 ¾ 394 D ¾ ¾ 69 E ¾ 50 ¾ F 4 ¾ 10 G 16 ¾ 50 H 7 ¾ 10 a 0° ¾ 8° 31 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 18-pin DIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions A A B 1 8 1 0 1 9 B 1 8 1 0 1 9 H H C C D D E G E I I G F F Fig1. Full Lead Packages Fig2. 1/2 Lead Packages · MS-001d (see fig1) Symbol A Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. 880 ¾ 920 B 240 ¾ 280 C 115 ¾ 195 D 115 ¾ 150 E 14 ¾ 22 F 45 ¾ 70 G ¾ 100 ¾ H 300 ¾ 325 I ¾ ¾ 430 · MS-001d (see fig1) Symbol A Rev. 1.51 Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. 845 ¾ 880 B 240 ¾ 280 C 115 ¾ 195 D 115 ¾ 150 E 14 ¾ 22 F 45 ¾ 70 G ¾ 100 ¾ H 300 ¾ 325 I ¾ ¾ 430 32 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 · MO-095a (see fig2) Symbol A Rev. 1.51 Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. 845 ¾ 885 B 275 ¾ 295 C 120 ¾ 150 D 110 ¾ 150 E 14 ¾ 22 F 45 ¾ 60 G ¾ 100 ¾ H 300 ¾ 325 I ¾ ¾ 430 33 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 18-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions 1 0 1 8 B A 9 1 C C ' G H D E a F · MS-013 Symbol Rev. 1.51 Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 393 ¾ 419 B 256 ¾ 300 C 12 ¾ 20 C¢ 447 ¾ 463 D ¾ ¾ 104 E ¾ 50 ¾ F 4 ¾ 12 G 16 ¾ 50 H 8 ¾ 13 a 0° ¾ 8° 34 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Product Tape and Reel Specifications Reel Dimensions D T 2 A C B T 1 SSOP 16S Symbol Description A Reel Outer Diameter Dimensions in mm 330.0±1.0 B Reel Inner Diameter 100.0±1.5 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5/-0.2 D Key Slit Width T1 Space Between Flange T2 Reel Thickness 2.0±0.5 12.8+0.3/-0.2 18.2±0.2 SOP 16N (150mil) Symbol Description Dimensions in mm A Reel Outer Diameter 330.0±1.0 B Reel Inner Diameter 100.0±1.5 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5/-0.2 D Key Slit Width T1 Space Between Flange T2 Reel Thickness Rev. 1.51 2.0±0.5 16.8+0.3/-0.2 22.2±0.2 35 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 SOP 18W Symbol Description Dimensions in mm A Reel Outer Diameter 330.0±1.0 B Reel Inner Diameter 100.0±1.5 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5/-0.2 D Key Slit Width T1 Space Between Flange T2 Reel Thickness Rev. 1.51 2.0±0.5 24.8+0.3/-0.2 30.2±0.2 36 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Carrier Tape Dimensions P 0 D P 1 t E F W C D 1 B 0 P K 0 A 0 R e e l H o le IC p a c k a g e p in 1 a n d th e r e e l h o le s a r e lo c a te d o n th e s a m e s id e . SSOP 16S Symbol Description Dimensions in mm 12.0+0.3/-0.1 W Carrier Tape Width P Cavity Pitch E Perforation Position F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) D Perforation Diameter 1.55±0.10 D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.50+0.25/-0.00 P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 6.4±0.1 B0 Cavity Width 5.2±0.1 K0 Cavity Depth 2.1±0.1 t Carrier Tape Thickness C Cover Tape Width Rev. 1.51 8.0±0.1 1.75±0.10 5.5±0.1 0.30±0.05 9.3±0.1 37 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 SOP 16N (150mil) Symbol Description Dimensions in mm W Carrier Tape Width 16.0±0.3 P Cavity Pitch 8.0±0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75±0.1 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 7.5±0.1 D Perforation Diameter 1.55+0.1/-0.0 D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.50+0.25/-0.0 P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 6.5±0.1 B0 Cavity Width 10.3±0.1 K0 Cavity Depth 2.1±0.1 t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.30±0.05 C Cover Tape Width 13.3±0.1 SOP 18W Symbol Description Dimensions in mm 24.0+0.3/-0.1 W Carrier Tape Width P Cavity Pitch 16.0±0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75±0.1 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 11.5±0.1 D Perforation Diameter 1.5±0.1 D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.50+0.25/-0.00 P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 10.9±0.1 B0 Cavity Width 12.0±0.1 K0 Cavity Depth 2.8±0.1 t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.30±0.05 C Cover Tape Width 21.3±0.1 Rev. 1.51 38 December 30, 2008 HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06/HT48R08A-1 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters) No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office) 4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2655-7070 Fax: 886-2-2655-7373 Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline) Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shanghai Sales Office) 7th Floor, Building 2, No.889, Yi Shan Rd., Shanghai, China 200233 Tel: 86-21-6485-5560 Fax: 86-21-6485-0313 http://www.holtek.com.cn Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office) 5/F, Unit A, Productivity Building, Cross of Science M 3rd Road and Gaoxin M 2nd Road, Science Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China 518057 Tel: 86-755-8616-9908, 86-755-8616-9308 Fax: 86-755-8616-9722 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Beijing Sales Office) Suite 1721, Jinyu Tower, A129 West Xuan Wu Men Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100031 Tel: 86-10-6641-0030, 86-10-6641-7751, 86-10-6641-7752 Fax: 86-10-6641-0125 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Chengdu Sales Office) 709, Building 3, Champagne Plaza, No.97 Dongda Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 610016 Tel: 86-28-6653-6590 Fax: 86-28-6653-6591 Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office) 46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538 Tel: 1-510-252-9880 Fax: 1-510-252-9885 http://www.holtek.com Copyright Ó 2007 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw. Rev. 1.51 39 December 30, 2008