Technical Guide

Technical Guide
Functional Polymer Aluminum Solid Electrolytic Capacitors
Construction and Characteristics of
Construction of
Al Foil
Al Foil
Functional Polymer
(&Separator)
Case
Sealing Rubber
Lead ( + )
Lead ( - )
FPCAP is roughly the same construction as an aluminum electrolytic capacitor,
and uses rolled aluminum foils in its capacitor element.
Manufacturing Process of
Etched Al Foil
Forming
Slitting
Winding
Tab Terminal
Separator Sheet
Forming
Functional Polymer
Polymerization
Sealing
Assembling Parts
Aging and Inspection
Shipping
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Technical Guide
Equivalent Circuit of Capacitor
100
10
Rp
Cp : Capacitance
Rp : Equivalent parallel
resistance
(Insulation resistance)
( ≅Rated Voltage/LC)
Rs : Equivalent series
resistance
L : Inductance
Rs
L
Imp / ESR (Ω)
Cp
Imp
1/ωC
1
ωL
100m
10m
ESR
R
1m
100
1k
10k
100k
10M
100M
Frequency (Hz)
2
⎫
⎧
⎫ ⎧
Rp
ωCpRp 2
L
Z = ⎨Rs +
+
ω
−
⎨
2
2
2 ⎬
2
2
2 ⎬
1 + ω Cp Rp ⎭
1 + ω Cp Rp ⎭ ⎩
⎩
(
1M
)
(
2
)
Feature of Functional Polymer
Resistivity (Ω⋅cm)
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
Electrolyte (Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor)
Manganese Dioxide
(Tantalum Solid Electrolytic Capacitor)
TCNQ Complex Salt
(Organic Semiconductive Capacitor)
PPY by Chemical Polymerization
PPY by Electrolytic Polymerization
Conductive Polymer (PEDOT)
O
O
S
S
O
PEDT
PEDOT
O
n
FPCAP differs from the aluminum electrolytic capacitor in that in place of the electrolyte,
functional polymer is impregnated.
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Technical Guide
Typical Electrical Characteristics of Capacitors
Frequency Dependence
100
100
TA Cap
TA Cap
AL E-Cap 220µF
10
FPCAP
220µF
AL E-Cap 220µF
10
270µF
FPCAP
1
ESR (Ω)
Impedance (Ω)
220µF
0.1
0.01
270µF
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
0.001
100
100M
1k
10k
Frequency (Hz)
100k
1M
10M
100M
Frequency (Hz)
FPCAP has excellent frequency characteristic nearly equal to the film capacitor.
Using the high conductivity of the Functional polymer with an electrolyte, and adopting the
winding element for layer thinness of electrolyte, the ESR is improved greatly and has the
frequency characteristic that is nearly equal to the film capacitor.
Typical Temperature Dependence of Capacitors
20
10
MLCC
TA Cap
AL E-cap
FPCAP
0
MLCC
TA Cap
AL E-cap
FPCAP
-10
-20
-30
-40
1
ESR (Ω)
Capacitance (ΔC/C %)
10
0.1
0.01
-50
-60
0.001
-60 -40 -20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)
-60 -40 -20
0
20
40
60
80
100 120
Temperature (°C)
The temperature dependence of the FPCAP is that it features little change in
temperature for the ESR.
Since ESR is dominant at high range of impedance (near resonance point),
the ESR value greatly affects Noise clearing capacity.
What ESR changes little against temperature means that Noise clearing ability
changes little against temperature as well.
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Technical Guide
Frequency Dependence
10000
1000
1000
ESR (mΩ)
Impedance (mΩ)
10000
L8 series 2.5V 560µF (φ8×8L)
NU series 6.3V 1000µF (φ8×11.5L)
NU series 16V 270µF (φ8×11.5L)
100
10
10
1
1
0.1
1
10
100
Frequency (kHz)
1000
10000
HS series 6.3V 390µF (φ8×6.7L)
SA series 6.3V 220µF (φ6.3×5.7L)
SL series 6.3V 220µF (φ6.3×4.2L)
100
10
0.1
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
10
100
1000
10000
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (kHz)
100
10
1
1
0.1
1
10
100
Frequency (kHz)
1000
10000
VA series 16V 33µF (7.3×4.3×2.8)
UA series 16V 27µF (7.3×4.3×1.9)
Frequency (kHz)
100000
10000
ESR (mΩ)
10000
Impedance (mΩ)
1
1000
1000
100000
0.1
10000
ESR (mΩ)
Impedance (mΩ)
10000
100
1000
1000
100
100
10
10
0.1
1
10
100
Frequency (kHz)
1000
10000
Frequency (kHz)
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Technical Guide
Resistance to Soldering Heat
Test Condition : 260°C, 30sec
NS series 10V 220µF (φ10×12.5L)
NS series 16V 33µF (φ6.3×7L)
20
ΔC/C (%)
10
0
-10
ESR (Ω) at 100kHz
-20
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
10
1
0.1
0.01
Fevering Temperature by Ripple Current
L8 series 2.5V 560µF (φ8×8L)
R7 series 2.5V 820µF (φ8×11.5L)
R7 series 4.0V 820µF (φ10×12.5L)
VB series 2.0V 330µF (7.3×4.3×2.8)
o
Fevering Temperature ( C)
100
I2 R = ΔT× β×S= ΔTc×α×β×S
ΔTc = (I2 R) / (α×β×S)
log ΔTc = log (I2 R) / (αβS)
= log I2 + log R – log αβS
= 2×log I + (log R - log αβS)
10
1
1
10
Where,
I
: Ripple Current (Arms)
R : ESR (Ω)
ΔT : Fevering Temp. at Outside Wall of Capacitor (°C)
ΔTc : Fevering Temp. at Inside of Capacitor (°C)
β : Heat Radiation Coefficient (W/ °C×cm2)
S : Surface Area of Aluminum Case(cm2)
α : Ratio of ΔTc/ ΔT
Current (Arms)
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Technical Guide
Reliability at 105° C
NS series 6.3V 47µF (φ6.3×7L)
L8 series 2.5V 560µF (φ 8×8L)
NS series 4.0V 1200µF (φ10×12.5L)
VA series 16V 33µF (7.3×4.3×2.8)
Relative (%)
Change of Capacitance
High-temperature
lode
20
10
0
-10
-20
Absolute (tanδ)
10
100
Duration (H)
1000
10000
Duration (H)
1000
10000
Duration (H)
1000
10000
1000
10000
Change of Tangent of Loss Angle
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
10
Change of Leakage Current
1000
Absolute (μ A)
100
100
10
1
0.1
10
Change of Equivalent Series Resistance
100
Absolute (mΩ)
100
10
1
10
100
Duration (H)
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Estimating of Lifetime
Functional Polymer Aluminum Solid Electrolytic Capacitors
Calculation Formula of Lifetime
For
In general, calculation formula of lifetime of capacitors is appeared as follows.
The calculation formula of lifetime on FPCAP is same as usual Aluminum capacitor.
LX = L0×10(T0-TX)/20
Where,
LX (Hrs)
L0 (Hrs)
T0 (105°C)
TX (°C)
=Life expectance in actual use
=Life time
=Maximum operating temperature (105°C)
=Temperature of capacitor in actual use
On the other hand, temperature Tx adds the circumference temperature T as the capacitor temperature and the
generating temperature ΔT by ripple current.
TX=T+ΔT
T (°C) = Ambient temperature
ΔT (°C) = Generating temperature
There are two methods to calculate the heat rise (ΔT) of a capacitor by ripple current.
a) Measure the temperature of a capacitor in operation by means of fixing a thermocouple on the case
of a capacitor or other suitable methods.
The temperature difference between the temperature measured of the capacitor and the ambient
temperature is considered as the heat rise by ripple current.
b) The heat rise by ripple current is calculated by the following formula.
ΔT = ( I / I0 ) 2×ΔT0
I (A rms) = Ripple current in actual use
I0 (A rms) = Maximum permissible ripple current
ΔT0 (°C) = Generated temperature value by maximum permissible ripple current
[Aluminum Can Type: About 20°C, Molded Chip Type: About 10°C ]
Remark:<It is recommended to use the method of formula calculation during the design phase,
and use the method of actual measurement when checking as a set.>
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Application Guide
Functional Polymer Aluminum Solid Electrolytic Capacitors
DC/DC Converter Primary, Secondary Side Smoothing
Input side
3.3V
IC
For Primary
Side Smoothing
+3.3V CIRCUIT
+5V CIRCUIT
Output side
For Secondary
Side Smoothing
FPCAP 6.3V
5V
For Secondary
Side Smoothing
FPCAP 10∼6.3V
Back-up Capacitor for Variable Load (1)
12V
3.3∼5V
1.6∼1.8V
IC
IC
CPU
FPCAP 16V
FPCAP 6.3V
FPCAP 2.5∼4V
Back-up Capacitor for Variable Load (2)
3.3∼5V
1.6∼1.8V
IC
CPU
FPCAP 6.3V
FPCAP 2.5∼4V
Noise Filters
IC
IC
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Application Guide
Ripple Removal Capability
We measured ripple voltage by oscilloscope for output capacitor change on the
typical chopper type DC-DC converter. (described below)
VOUT=5V, IOUT=0.5A
f=100kHz
Oscilloscope
Electronic
Load
L
VIN=
12V
SW IC
D
C
Specimen
Comparison Between
Low Impedance Aluminum Capacitor
16V100uF (φ6.3×11L)
ΔV=156mV
and Other Capacitors with Same Capacitance
Low ESR Tantalum Capacitor
16V100uF (7.3×4.3×2.9)
ΔV=76mV
FPCAP
16V100uF (φ8×11.5L)
ΔV=58mV
Examination of Same Level Residual Ripple Voltage
To obtain same level of ripple voltage to FPCAP, Low Impedance Aluminum capacitor needs 16V3300uF,
even Low ESR tantalum capacitor needs 4 pcs. of same capacitance.
Low Impedance Aluminum Capacitor
16V3300uF (φ16×25L)
ΔV=60mV
58
Low ESR Tantalum Capacitor
16V100uF (7.3×4.3×2.9) × 4 pcs.
ΔV=59mV
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Application Guide
Spice Model for Simulation Circuits with Computer
Spice Model of Radial Lead Type (L8 and S8 series)
Part Number
Cp (μF)
Rs (mΩ)
L (nH)
LC (μA)
Rp (kΩ)
RL80E821MDN1
820
4.2
2.9
100
25
RL80G561MDN1
560
4.2
2.9
100
40
RL80J561MDN1
560
5.0
2.9
100
63
RS80E331MDN1
330
5.3
2.0
30
83
RS80E471MDN1
470
5.3
2.0
50
50
RS80E561MDN1
560
5.3
2.0
100
25
Typical ESL by Case Size
Classification
Radial Lead Type
SMD Type
Case Size (mm)
ESL (nH,40MHz)
φ6.3×8L (S8)
1.8 to 2.2
φ6.3×10L
2.8 to 3.0
φ8×8L (L8)
2.7 to 3.1
φ8×11.5L
3.9 to 4.1
φ8×11.5L (R7)
4.6 to 4.9
φ10×12.5L
5.4 to 5.6
φ4×5.2L
1.0 to 1.2
φ6.3×5.7L
2.5 to 2.7
φ8×11.7L
3.1 to 3.3
φ10×12.4L
4.5 to 4.7
7.3×4.3×1.9
1.3 to 1.5
7.3×4.3×2.8
1.6 to 1.8
Equivalent Circuit of Capacitor
Cp : Capacitance
Rp : Equivalent Parallel Resistance
Rp
Rs
L
(Insulation resistance) ( ≅Rated Voltage/LC)
Rs : Equivalent Series Resistance
L : Inductance
Cp
2
⎧
⎫ ⎧
Rp
ωCpRp 2 ⎫
Z = ⎨Rs +
⎬ + ⎨ωL −
⎬
1+ ω2Cp 2Rp 2 ⎭ ⎩
1+ ω2Cp 2Rp 2 ⎭
⎩
(
)
(
2
)
* It is available to present the spice model of other parts for customers.
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