DS1775 Digital Thermometer and Thermostat in SOT23 GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES • The DS1775 digital thermometer and thermostat provides temperature readings that indicate the device’s temperature. Thermostat settings and temperature readings are all communicated to/from the DS1775 over a simple 2-wire serial interface. No additional components are required; the device is truly a “temperature-todigital” converter. For applications that require greater temperature resolution, the user can adjust the readout resolution from 9 to 12 bits. This is particularly useful in applications where thermal runaway conditions must be detected quickly. The open-drain thermal alarm output, O.S., becomes active when the temperature of the device exceeds a user-defined temperature TOS. The number of consecutive faults required to set O.S. active is configurable by the user. The device can also be configured in the interrupt or comparator mode, to customize the method which clears the fault condition. As a digital thermometer, the DS1775 is software compatible with the DS75 2-wire thermal watchdog. The DS1775 is assembled in a compact 5-pin SOT23 package, allowing for low-cost thermal monitoring/control in spaceconstrained applications. The low thermal mass allows for time constants previously only possible with thermistors. • • • • • • • • PIN CONFIGURATION SCL 1 GND 2 O.S. 3 5 SDA 4 VDD SOT23 PIN DESCRIPTION GND SCL SDA VDD O.S. APPLICATIONS • • • • Temperature Measurements Require No External Components Measures Temperatures from -55°C to +125°C (-67°F to +257°F) ±2.0°C Thermometer Accuracy Thermometer Resolution is Configurable from 9 Bits to 12 Bits (0.5°C to 0.0625°C Resolution) User-Definable Thermostat Settings Data is Read From/Written to Through a 2-Wire Serial Interface 2.7V to 5.5V Wide Power-Supply Range Software Compatible with DS75 2-Wire Thermal Watchdog in Thermometer Mode Space-Conscious 5-Pin SOT23 Package with Low Thermal Time Constant Personal Computers/Servers/Workstations Cell Phones Office Equipment Any Thermally-Sensitive System Ground 2-Wire Serial Clock 2-Wire Serial Data Input/Output Power-Supply Voltage Thermostat Output Signal Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet. 1 of 14 19-6687; Rev 5/13 DS1775 Table 1. Detailed Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION Clock Input/Output for 2-Wire Serial Communication Port. This input should 1 SCL be tied to GND for stand-alone thermostat operation. 2 GND Ground Thermostat Output. Open-drain output becomes active when temperature 3 O.S. exceeds TOS. Device configuration defines means to clear overtemperature state. 4 VDD Supply Voltage 2.7V to 5.5V Input Power Pin Data Input/Output for 2-Wire Serial Communication Port. In the stand-alone 5 SDA thermostat mode, this input selects hysteresis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the DS1775. The DS1775 consists of five major components: 1. Precision temperature sensor 2. Analog-to-digital converter 3. 2-wire interface electronics 4. Data registers 5. Thermostat comparator The factory-calibrated temperature sensor requires no external components. Upon power-up, the DS1775 begins temperature conversions with the default resolution of 9 bits (0.5°C resolution). The host can periodically read the value in the temperature register, which contains the last completed conversion. As conversions are performed in the background, reading the temperature register does not affect the conversion in progress. In power-sensitive applications, the user can put the DS1775 into a shutdown mode, under which the sensor complete and store the conversion in progress and revert to a low-power standby state. In applications where small incremental temperature changes are critical, the user can change the conversion resolution from 9 bits to 10, 11, or 12. Each additional bit of resolution approximately doubles the conversion time. This is accomplished by programming the configuration register. The configuration register defines the conversion state, thermometer resolution/conversion time, active state of the thermostat output, number of consecutive faults to trigger an alarm condition, and the method to terminate an alarm condition. The user can also program overtemperature (TOS) and undertemperature (THYST) setpoints for thermostatic operation. The power-up state of TOS is +80°C and that for THYST is +75°C. The result of each temperature conversion is compared with the TOS and THYST setpoints. The DS1775 offers two modes for temperature control, the comparator mode and the interrupt mode. This allows the user the flexibility to customize the condition that would generate and clear a fault condition. Regardless of the mode chosen, the O.S. output becomes active only after the measured temperature exceeds the respective trip-point a consecutive number of times; the number of consecutive conversions beyond the limit to generate an O.S. is programmable. The power-up state of the DS1775 is in the comparator mode with a single fault generating an active O.S. Digital data is written to/read from the DS1775 via a 2-wire interface, and all communication is MSb first. 2 of 14 DS1775 Figure 1. Block Diagram OPERATION Measuring Temperature The core of DS1775 functionality is its direct-to-digital temperature sensor. The DS1775 measures temperature through the use of an on-chip temperature measurement technique with an operating range from -55°C to +125°C. Temperature conversions are initiated upon power-up, and the most recent result is stored in the thermometer register. Conversions are performed continuously unless the user intervenes by altering the configuration register to put the DS1775 into a shutdown mode. Regardless of the mode used, the digital temperature can be retrieved from the temperature register by setting the pointer to that location (00h, power-up default). The DS1775 power-up default has the sensor automatically performing 9-bit conversions continuously. Details on how to change the settings after power-up are contained in the Programming section. The resolution of the temperature conversion is configurable (9, 10, 11, or 12 bits), with 9-bit readings the default state. This equates to a temperature resolution of 0.5°C, 0.25°C, 0.125°C, or 0.0625°C. Following each conversion, thermal data is stored in the thermometer register in two’s complement format; the information can be retrieved over the 2-wire interface with the device pointer set to the temperature register. Table 2 describes the exact relationship of output data to measured temperature. The table assumes the DS1775 is configured for 12-bit resolution; if the device is configured in a lower resolution mode, those bits contain zeros. The data is transmitted serially over the 2-wire serial interface, MSb first. The MSb of the temperature register contains the sign (S) bit, denoting whether the temperature is positive or negative. For Fahrenheit usage, a lookup table or conversion routine must be used. 3 of 14 DS1775 Table 2. Temperature/Data Relationships S 26 25 23 22 21 (UNIT = °C) MSb 2-1 24 2-2 2-3 TEMPERATURE (°C) +125 +25.0625 +10.125 +0.5 0 -0.5 -10.125 -25.0625 -55 2-4 20 MSB LSb 0 0 DIGITAL OUTPUT (BINARY) 0111 1101 0000 0000 0000 1010 0010 0000 0000 1010 0010 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1000 0000 1111 0101 1110 0000 1110 0110 1111 0000 1100 1001 0000 0000 0 0 LSB DIGITAL OUTPUT (HEX) 7D00h 1910h 0A20h 0080h 0000h FF80h F5E0h E6F0h C900h Thermostat Control In its comparator operating mode, the DS1775 functions as a thermostat with programmable hysteresis, as shown in Figure 2. When the DS1775’s temperature meets or exceeds the value stored in the high temperature trip register (TOS) a consecutive number of times, as defined by the configuration register, the output becomes active and stays active until the first time that the temperature falls below the temperature stored in the low temperature trigger register (THYST). In this way, any amount of hysteresis may be obtained. The DS1775 powers up in the comparator mode with TOS = +80°C and THYST = +75°C and can be used as a stand-alone thermostat (no 2-wire interface required) with those setpoints. In the interrupt mode, the O.S. output first becomes active following the programmed number of consecutive conversions above TOS. The fault can only be cleared by either setting the DS1775 in a shutdown mode or by reading any register (temperature, configuration, TOS, or THYST) on the device. Following a clear, a subsequent fault can only occur if consecutive conversions fall below THYST. This interrupt/clear process is thus cyclical (TOS, clear, THYST, clear, TOS, clear, THYST, clear, etc.). Only the first of multiple consecutive TOS violations activates O.S., even if each fault is separated by a clearing function. The same situation applies to multiple consecutive THYST events. 4 of 14 DS1775 Figure 2. O.S. Output Transfer Function Regardless of the mode chosen, the O.S. output is open-drain and the active state is set in the configuration register. The power-up default is active low. See the Programming section for instructions in adjusting the thermostat setpoints, thermostat mode, and O.S. active state. Programming There are three areas of interest in programming the DS1775: the configuration register, the TOS register, and the THYST register. All programming is done via the 2-wire interface by setting the pointer to the appropriate location. Table 3 illustrates the pointer settings for the four registers of the DS1775. Table 3. Pointer Register Structure POINTER ACTIVE REGISTER 00h Temperature (default) 01h Configuration 02h THYST 03h TOS The DS1775 powers up with the temperature register selected. If the host wishes to change the data pointer, it simply addresses the DS1775 in the write mode (R/ W = 0), receives an acknowledge, and writes the 8 bits that correspond to the new desired location. The last pointer location is always maintained so that consecutive reads from the same register do not require the host to always provide a pointer address. The only exception is at power-up, in which case the pointer is always set to 00h, the 5 of 14 DS1775 temperature register. The pointer address must always precede data in writing to a register, regardless of which address is currently selected. See the 2-Wire Serial Data Bus section for details of the 2-wire bus protocol. Configuration Register Programming The configuration register is accessed if the DS1775 pointer is currently set to the 01h location. Writing to or reading from the register is determined by the R/W bit of the 2-wire control byte (see the 2-Wire Serial Data Bus section). Data is read from or written to the configuration register MSb first. The format of the register is illustrated in Table 4. The effect each bit has on DS1775 functionality is described below along with the power-up state of the bit. The user has read/write access to all bits in the configuration register. The entire register is volatile, and thus it powers up in the default state. Table 4. Configuration/Status Register 0 R1 R0 F1 MSb F0 POL TM SD LSb SD = Shutdown bit. If SD is 0, the DS1775 continuously performs temperature conversions and stores the last completed result in the thermometer register. If SD is changed to 1, the conversion in progress is completed and stored; then the device reverts to a low-power standby mode. The O.S. output is cleared if the device is in the interrupt mode and remains unchanged in the comparator mode. The 2-wire port remains active. The power-up default state is 0 (continuous conversion mode). TM = Thermostat mode. If TM = 0, the DS1775 is in the comparator mode. TM = 1 sets the device to the interrupt mode. See the Thermostat Control section for a description of the difference between the two modes. The power-up default state of the TM bit is 0 (comparator mode). POL = O.S. Polarity Bit. If POL = 1, the active state of the O.S. output is high. A 0 stored in this location sets the thermostat output to an active-low state. The user has read/write access to the POL bit, and the power-up default state is 0 (active low). F0, F1 = O.S. Fault Tolerance bits. The fault tolerance defines the number of consecutive conversions returning a temperature beyond limits is required to set the O.S. output in an active state. This may be necessary to add margin in noisy environments. Table 5 defines the four settings. The DS1775 powers up with F0 = F1 = 0, such that a single occurrence triggers a fault. Table 5. Fault Tolerance Configuration CONSECUTIVE CONVERSIONS BEYOND LIMITS F1 F0 TO GENERATE FAULT 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 4 1 1 6 6 of 14 DS1775 R0, R1 = Thermometer resolution bits. Table 6 defines the resolution of the digital thermometer, based on the settings of these two bits. There is a direct trade-off between resolution and conversion time, as shown in the AC Electrical Characteristics. The default state is R0 = 0 and R1 = 0 (9-bit conversions). Table 6. Thermometer Resolution Configuration THERMOMETER RESOLUTION R1 R0 (BITS) 0 0 9 0 1 10 1 0 11 1 1 12 MAX CONVERSION TIME (SECONDS) 0.1875 0.375 0.75 1.5 Thermostat Setpoints Programming The thermostat registers (TOS and THYST) can be programmed or read via the 2-wire interface. TOS is accessed by setting the DS1775 data pointer to the 03h location, and to the 02h location for THYST. The format of the TOS and THYST registers is identical to that of the Thermometer register; that is, 12-bit 2’s complement representation of the temperature in °C. The user can program the number of bits (9, 10, 11, or 12) for each TOS and THYST that corresponds to the thermometer resolution mode chosen. For example, if the 9-bit mode is chosen the three least significant bits of TOS and THYST are ignored by the thermostat comparator. Table 7 shows the format for both TOS and THYST. The power-up default for TOS is +80°C and for THYST is +75°C. Table 7. Thermostat Setpoint (TOS/THYST) Format S 26 25 -2 -3 2 23 22 21 (UNIT = °C) MSb -1 24 2 TEMPERATURE (°C) +80 +75 +10.125 +0.5 0 -0.5 -10.125 -25.0625 -55 2 -4 2 0 DIGITAL OUTPUT (BINARY) 0101 0000 0000 0000 0100 1011 0000 0000 0000 1010 0010 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1000 0000 1111 0101 1110 0000 1110 0110 1111 0000 1100 1001 0000 0000 20 MSB LSb 0 0 0 LSB DIGITAL OUTPUT (HEX) 5000h 4B00h 0A20h 0080h 0000h FF80h F5E0h E6F0h C900h If the user does not wish to take advantage of the thermostat capabilities of the DS1775, the 24 bits can be used for general storage of system data that need not be maintained following a power loss. 7 of 14 DS1775 2-WIRE SERIAL DATA BUS The DS1775 supports a bidirectional 2-wire bus and data transmission protocol. A device that sends data onto the bus is defined as a transmitter, and a device receiving data as a receiver. The device that controls the message is called a “master”. The devices that are controlled by the master are “slaves”. The bus must be controlled by a master device which generates the serial clock (SCL), controls the bus access, and generates the START and STOP conditions. The DS1775 operates as a slave on the 2-wire bus. Connections to the bus are made via the open-drain I/O lines SDA and SCL. The following bus protocol has been defined (see Figure 3): • Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. • During data transfer, the data line must remain stable whenever the clock line is HIGH. Changes in the data line while the clock line is high are interpreted as control signals. Accordingly, the following bus conditions have been defined: Bus not busy: Both data and clock lines remain HIGH. Start data transfer: A change in the state of the data line, from HIGH to LOW, while the clock is HIGH, defines a START condition. Stop data transfer: A change in the state of the data line, from LOW to HIGH, while the clock line is HIGH, defines the STOP condition. Data valid: The state of the data line represents valid data when, after a START condition, the data line is stable for the duration of the HIGH period of the clock signal. The data on the line must be changed during the LOW period of the clock signal. There is one clock pulse per bit of data. Each data transfer is initiated with a START condition and terminated with a STOP condition. The number of data bytes transferred between START and STOP conditions is not limited, and is determined by the master device. The information is transferred byte-wise and each receiver acknowledges with a ninth bit. Within the bus specifications a standard mode (100kHz clock rate) and a fast mode (400kHz clock rate) are defined. The DS1775 works in both modes. Acknowledge: Each receiving device, when addressed, is obliged to generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. The master device must generate an extra clock pulse which is associated with this acknowledge bit. A device that acknowledges must pull down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse in such a way that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse. Of course, setup and hold times must be taken into account. A master must signal an end of data to the slave by not generating an acknowledge bit on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this case, the slave must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate the STOP condition. 8 of 14 DS1775 Figure 3. Data Transfer on 2-Wire Serial Bus Figure 3 details how data transfer is accomplished on the 2-wire bus. Depending upon the state of the R/W bit, two types of data transfer are possible: 1) Data transfer from a master transmitter to a slave receiver. The first byte transmitted by the master is the slave address. Next follows a number of data bytes. The slave returns an acknowledge bit after each received byte. 2) Data transfer from a slave transmitter to a master receiver. The first byte (the slave address) is transmitted by the master. The slave then returns an acknowledge bit. Next follows a number of data bytes transmitted by the slave to the master. The master returns an acknowledge bit after all received bytes other than the last byte. At the end of the last received byte, a ‘not acknowledge’ is returned. The master device generates all the serial clock pulses and the START and STOP conditions. A transfer is ended with a STOP condition or with a repeated START condition. Since a repeated START condition is also the beginning of the next serial transfer, the bus is not released. The DS1775 can operate in the following two modes: 1) Slave receiver mode: Serial data and clock are received through SDA and SCL. After each byte is received, an acknowledge bit is transmitted. START and STOP conditions are recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer. Address recognition is performed by hardware after reception of the slave address and direction bit. 2) Slave transmitter mode: The first byte is received and handled as in the slave receiver mode. However, in this mode, the direction bit indicates that the transfer direction is reversed. Serial data is transmitted on SDA by the DS1775 while the serial clock is input on SCL. START and STOP conditions are recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer. SLAVE ADDRESS A control byte is the first byte received following the START condition from the master device. The control byte consists of a 4-bit control code; for the DS1775, this is set as 1001 binary for read and write operations. The next three bits of the control byte are the device select bits (A2, A1, A0). These bits are set to 000 (A2 = 0, A1 = 0, A0 = 0) for the DS1775R and vary according to the device’s part number as specified in the Ordering Information table. They are used by the master device to select which of eight devices are to be accessed. The set bits are in effect the three least significant bits of the slave address. The last bit of the control byte (R/ W ) defines the operation to be performed. When set to a 1 a read operation is selected; when set to a 0 a write operation is selected. Following the START condition, the DS1775 monitors the SDA bus checking the device type identifier being transmitted. Upon receiving the 1001 code and appropriate device select bits of 000, the DS1775 outputs an acknowledge signal on the SDA line. See Figure 4. 9 of 14 DS1775 Figure 4. 2-Wire Serial Communication with DS1775 10 of 14 DS1775 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages relative to ground.) Voltage Range on VDD Voltage Range on Any Other Pin Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) Soldering Temperature (reflow) -0.3V to +7.0V -0.3V to +7.0V -55°C to +125°C -55°C to +125°C +300°C +260°C This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (2.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V, TA = -55°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITION MIN TYP Supply Voltage VDD 2.7 Input Logic-High VIH 0.7VDD Input Logic-Low VIL -0.5 3mA sink 0 VOL1 current SDA Output Logic-Low Voltage 6mA sink VOL2 0 current 4mA sink O.S. Saturation Voltage VOL current Input Current Each I/O 0.4 < VI/O < -10 Pin 0.9VDD I/O Capacitance CI/O Standby Current IDD1 Active temp conversions Active Current IDD Communication only DIGITAL THERMOMETER -10°C to +85°C Thermometer Error TERR -55°C to +125°C Resolution 9 9-bit 125 conversion 10-bit 250 conversion Conversion Time tCONVT 11-bit 500 conversion 12-bit 1000 conversion 11 of 14 MAX 5.5 VDD+0.5 0.3VDD UNITS V V V NOTES 1 1 1 V 1 0.8 V 1, 9 +10 µA 2 10 1 pF µA 3, 4 µA 3, 4 °C 9, 10 0.4 0.6 1000 100 ±2.0 ±3.0 12 Bits 187.5 375 ms 750 1500 DS1775 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: 2-WIRE INTERFACE (VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, TA = -55°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Figure 5) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Fast mode 400 SCL Clock Frequency fSCL kHz Standard mode 100 Bus Free Time Fast mode 1.3 Between a STOP and tBUF µs Standard mode 4.7 START Condition Fast mode 0.6 Hold Time (Repeated) tHD:STA 5 µs START Condition Standard mode 4.0 Fast mode 1.3 Low Period of SCL tLOW µs Standard mode 4.7 Fast mode 0.6 High Period of SCL tHIGH µs Standard mode 4.0 Fast mode 0.6 Setup Time for a tSU:STA µs Repeated START Standard mode 4.7 Fast mode 0 0.9 Data Hold Time tHD:DAT 6 µs Standard mode 0 0.9 Fast mode 100 Data Setup Time tSU:DAT ns 7 Standard mode 250 Fast mode 20 + 0.1CB 300 Rise Time of Both SDA tR ns 8 and SCL Signals Standard mode 20 + 0.1CB 1000 Fast mode 20 + 0.1CB 300 Fall Time of Both SDA tF ns 8 and SCL Signals Standard mode 20 + 0.1CB 300 Fast mode 0.6 Setup Time for STOP tSU:STO µs Standard mode 4.0 Capacitive Load for CB 400 pF 8 Each Bus Line Input Capacitance CI 5 pF NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. All voltages are referenced to ground. I/O pins of fast mode devices must not obstruct the SDA and SCL lines if VDD is switched off. IDD specified with O.S. pin open. IDD specified with VDD at 5.0V and VSDA, VSCL = 5.0V, 0°C to +70°C. After this period, the first clock pulse is generated. The maximum tHD:DAT has only to be met if the device does not stretch the low period (tLOW ) of the SCL signal. 7. A fast mode device can be used in a standard mode system, but the requirement tSU:DAT ≥ 250ns must then be met. This is automatically the case if the device does not stretch the low period of the SCL signal. If such a device does stretch the low period of the SCL signal, it must output the next data bit to the SDA line tR MAX +tSU:DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250ns before the SCL line is released. 8. CB = Total capacitance of one bus line in pF. 9. Internal heating caused by O.S. loading causes the DS1775 to read approximately 0.5ºC higher if O.S. is sinking the max rated current. 10. Contact the factory for operation requiring temperature readings greater than +120°C. 12 of 14 DS1775 Figure 5. Timing Diagram ORDERING INFORMATION PART DS1775R+U DS1775R+T&R DS1775R1+U DS1775R1+T&R DS1775R2+U DS1775R2+T&R DS1775R3+U DS1775R3+T&R DS1775R4+U DS1775R4+T&R DS1775R5+U DS1775R5+T&R DS1775R6+U DS1775R6+T&R DS1775R7+U DS1775R7+T&R ADDRESS TOP MARK TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE 000 7750 -55°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 001 7751 -55°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 010 7752 -55°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 011 7753 -55°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 100 7754 -55°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 101 7755 -55°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 110 7756 -55°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 111 7757 -55°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. U = Cut tape. T&R = Tape and reel. PACKAGE INFORMATION For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE 5 SOT23 PACKAGE CODE U5+1 13 of 14 OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 21-0057 90-0174 DS1775 REVISION HISTORY REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED 5/13 Updated the Absolute Maximum Ratings, Ordering Information, Package Information sections 12, 13 14 of 14 Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. Maxim Integrated 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-408-601-1000 © 2013 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.