MDU(Multiplication Division Unit) 功能使用方法

MDU 功能使用方法
MDU(Multiplication Division Unit) 功能使用方法
1
適用產品：
1.1 SM59R16A2/ SM59R08A2
1.2 SM59R16A5/ SM59R09A5/ SM59R05A5/SM59R16A3/ SM59R09A3/SM59R05A3
1.3 SM59R04A2/ SM59R04A1/ SM59R03A1/ SM59R02A1
2
MDU 使用概述：
2.1. 使用 MCU 1T 且帶有 MDU 之優勢，在於大量運算系統中愈複雜則愈顯而易見，執行乘除法及位移
指令在數個微秒內即可完成，其相較於一般 1T 或 12T 8051 的效率高出數十倍至百倍。
2.2. 提供快速的硬體除法運算(32/16-bit & 16/16-bit division)、乘法運算(16*16-bit multiplication)、位移
功能(32-bit shift)及歸一化(normalize, 去除小數點運算)功能。
2.3. 乘除法功能，僅可使用無號整數形態運算。
2.4. ARCON[7:0]為 MDU 操作暫存器控制。MD5~MD0 為運算元和運算結果。
2.5. SM59Rxx 系列 MDU，使用 C 語言相當容易，只要在 Keil C 中加一行指令 “ #pragma mdu_r515 ”
於主程序前即可，請參考範例程式。彙編(Assembly)可參考 MDU 操作步驟，依應用流程即可。
2.6. 效率測試比較表，參考如下：
MCU Conditional
1T with MDU
1T without MDU
12T without MDU
0x0000FFFF / 0x00FF
4.560
33.88
280.0
0xFFFFFFFF / 0xFFFF
4.601
36.40
302.0
0xFFFF / 0x00FF
2.320
8.404
64.30
0xFFFF / 0xFFFF
2.320
9.200
76.84
0x00FF x 0xFFFF
6.599
7.922
62.01
0xFFFF x 0xFFFF
6.639
7.960
62.40
0x800FFFFF>>1
3.678
2.317
16.40
0x800FFFFF>>8
3.841
8.081
67.70
0x800FFFFF>>16
3.840
14.48
125.4
0x800FFFFF>>24
3.841
20.87
183.0
Normalizing_Write(0x00000001)
3.079
-
-
Normalizing_Write(0x81008000)
2.600
-
-
Program command
以上MUC皆使用crystal 25MHz為測試條件。 測試速度單位: us
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ISSFA-0183
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Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
3
UV2 未支援 MDU 功能，建議用使者可更新為 UV3 和 UV4。針對 Keil C UV3 和 UV4 編譯(Build)和軟
件模擬(Simulation)，如何才能完整的使用 MDU？
方法一.
Step1. 更新 UV4.cdb(或 UV3.cdb)
1-1 使用新茂提供的 UV4.cdb(或 UV3.cdb)檔案直接更新
http://www.syncmos.com.tw/download_file/UV4.rar
http://www.syncmos.com.tw/download_file/UV3.rar
1-2 或由行用者自行修改現有的 UV4.cdb(或 UV3.cdb)，修改方式可參考文件，如下：
http://www.syncmos.com.tw/paper_file/IRFWX-A099_A_Keil%20C%20Data%20Base%
20for%20new%20device%20(TC).pdf
Step2. 更新後在 Option for Target\ Target 會出現選項”Use On-Chip Arithmetic Unit”，將
其致能即可，如下圖所示：
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MDU 功能使用方法
方法二. 將 MDU 指令”#pragma mdu_r515”加入標頭檔即可。該方法 Keil C 編譯沒問題，但注意無法
使用軟件模擬(需軟件模擬建議使用方法一即可)。
4
以下說明與 MDU 相關的特殊控制暫存器及特殊狀態暫存器
Special Function Register (SFR)
Mnemonic
Description
Direct
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
RESET
-
-
STOP
IDLE
40H
Multiplication Division Unit
PCON
ARCON
Power control
Arithmetic
Control register
Multiplication/
MD0
Division Register 0
Multiplication/
MD1
MD2
MD3
MD4
MD5
Division Register 1
Multiplication/
Division Register 2
Multiplication/
Division Register 3
Multiplication/
Division Register 4
Multiplication/
Division Register 5
87H
SMOD
MDUF
-
EFh
MDEF
MDOV
SLR
-
SC[4:0]
00H
00H
E9h
MD0[7:0]
EAh
MD1[7:0]
EBh
MD2[7:0]
ECh
MD3[7:0]
EDh
MD4[7:0]
00H
EEh
MD5[7:0]
00H
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
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00H
00H
00H
MDU 功能使用方法
MDU操作步驟，彙編(Assembly)請參考以下三個步驟（C語言的部分已在Keil C編譯時完成，使用方式可
直接參考範例程式）：
„
步驟一: 寫入MDx（x = 0~5）暫存器
使用 MDU 運算時，必須注意寫入的順序；所有的應用中暫存器“MD0＂都必須是第一個被寫入
(First write)，其他暫存器寫入後，在最後一個指定的暫存器被寫入(Last write)時，MDU 即開始做
運算處理：
Table 6-1: MDU registers write sequence
Operation
32bit/16bit
16bit/16bit
16bit x 16bit
shift/normalizing
First write
MD0 Dividend Low
MD0 Dividend Low
MD0 Multiplicand Low
MD0 LSB
MD1 Dividend
MD1 Dividend High
MD4 Multiplicator Low
MD1
MD1 Multiplicand High
MD2
MD2 Dividend
MD3 Dividend High
Last write
„
MD3 MSB
MD4 Divisor Low
MD4 Divisor Low
MD5 Divisor High
MD5 Divisor High
MD5 Multiplicator High
ARCON start conversion
步驟二: 執行計算
MDU是否完成計算，可由MDUF旗標判斷；當完成時由硬體設定為”1”，在下一次執行計算時硬體會自動清除。
Mnemonic: PCON
Address: 87h
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reset
SMOD
MDUF
-
PMW
-
-
STOP
IDLE
40h
MDUF: MDU 完成旗標(MDU finish flag)
1: 完成時由硬體設定
0: 下一次 MDU 執行時自動清除
下表說明MDU各個功能的執行週期：
Table 6-2: MDU execution times
Operation
Number of Tclk
Division 32bit/16bit
17 clock cycles
Division 16bit/16bit
9 clock cycles
Multiplication
11 clock cycles
Shift
Min. 3 clock cycles, Max. 18 clock cycles
Normalize
Min. 4 clock cycles, Max. 19 clock cycles
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MDU 功能使用方法
„
步驟三: 由MDx（x = 0~5）讀取結果：
讀取暫存器時，要注意 “Last read＂位元組必須是最後被讀出．
z
Division應用：Last read為MD5
z
Multiplication, shift和normalizing應用：Last read為MD3
(如下表的斜體字形所示)
Table 6-3: MDU registers read sequence
Operation
32Bit/16Bit
16Bit/16Bit
16Bit x 16Bit
shift/normalizing
First read
MD0 Quotient Low
MD0 Quotient Low
MD0 Product Low
MD0 LSB
MD1 Quotient
MD1 Quotient High
MD1 Product
MD1
MD2 Product
MD2
MD3 Product High
MD3 MSB
MD2 Quotient
MD3 Quotient High
Last read
MD4 Remainder L
MD4 Remainder Low
MD5 Remainder H
MD5 Remainder High
Mnemonic: ARCON
7
6
5
MDEF
MDOV
SLR
Address: EFh
4
3
2
1
0
SC [4:0]
Reset
00h
MDEF: 乘除錯誤旗標 Multiplication Division Error Flag. (唯讀)
此旗標將指示錯誤發生在不正常操作狀況，例如算運已經重新開始或被中斷．在
第一步驟寫入 MD0 時，錯誤旗標將自動致能；在第三步驟完成讀取 MD3(乘法或
位移)或 MD5(除法) 時被禁能．
1.
錯誤旗標被設定的情形如下：
在第二步驟，MDx 暫存器被運算和寫入資料時(重新開始或運算被中斷)
錯誤旗標被致能和 MDx 暫存器被讀取 (沒有中斷運算)
2.
錯誤旗標被清除的情形如下：
當第二步驟完成(運算成功)，且在第三步驟 MDx 暫存器被讀取
MDOV: 乘除溢位旗標 Multiplication Division Overflow flag.(唯讀)
當 MD0 暫存器被寫入資料(first write)時，乘除溢位旗標即被清除為”0”
溢位將於以下狀況發生：
1.
除數為”0”
2.
乘法結果為 0000FFFFh
3.
使用歸一化(Normalizing)功能啟用之前，MD3 的 MSB 為”1”
SLR: 位移方向旗標 Shift direction bit.
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Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
SLR = 0 –左位移
SLR = 1 –右位移
SC [4:0]: 位移計數旗標 Shift counter.
當 SC[4:0] = 0，選擇歸一化(Normalizing)功能
當 SC[4:0]≠0，選擇位移(Shift)功能，位移開始 (SC [4]：最高位；SC[0]：最低
位)
5
MDU 應用程序請注意以下：
z
暫存器仍必須依順序(First write, … , Last write)寫入。
z
關於shift及normalizing的應用，ARCON中的SLR和SC[4:0]，注意如下：
當使用shift功能，寫入時必須同時對SLR和SC[4:0]做處理，如說明項目1&3，參考以下範例說明：
1.
正確：
ARCON = 0x20 | value;
// set SLR & SC = Shift right & counter
2.
錯誤：
ARCON |= 0x20;
// set SLR = shift right
ARCON |= value;
// set SC = shift counter
3.
正確：
ARCON = 0x00 | value;
// set SLR & SC = Shift left & counter
4.
錯誤：
ARCON &= 0x00;
// set SLR = shift left
ARCON |= value;
// set SC = shift counter
關於shift及normalizing的last write的正確寫法，參考以下範例：
5.
shift：
ARCON = 0x20 | value;
//shift last write
6.
normalizing：
ARCON = 0x00;
// normalizing last write
當使用shift功能，不必要也不可以對ARCON做清除動作，參考以下範例：
7.
錯誤：
ARCON = 0x20 | value;
// set SLR & SC = Shift right & counter
………..
// process… etc.
ARCON = 0x00;
// unnecessary clear
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ISSFA-0183
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Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
6
以下範例為 MDU 的應用流程圖，彙編(Assembly)請參考以下步驟（C 語言的部分在 Keil C 編譯時已
完成，使用方式可直接參考範例程式）
Entry SyncMOS
MDU
Division 32/16bit
Division 16/16bit
Multiplication
16x16bit
Shift 31bit
Normalize 31bit
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD2 = W2
MD3 = W3
MD4 = W4
MD5 = W5
(last write)
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD4 = W4
MD5 = W5
(last write)
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD4 = W4
MD5 = W5
(last write)
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD2 = W2
MD3 = W3
ARCON = 0x20 | value
(or = 0x00 | value)
(last write)
< Step1. >
Load data to MDx
MD0 = W0
(first write)
MD1 = W1
MD2 = W2
MD3 = W3
ARCON = 0x00
(last write)
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R2 = MD2
R3 = MD3
(last read)
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R2 = MD2
R3 = MD3
(last read)
=0
< Step 2.>
MDUF
=1
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R2 = MD2
R3 = MD3
R4 = MD4
R5 = MD5
(last read)
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R4 = MD4
R5 = MD5
(last read)
< Step3. >
Read data from MDx
R0 = MD0
R1 = MD1
R2 = MD2
R3 = MD3
(last read)
以下資料型態定義參考自 Keil C User’s Guide：
(http://www.keil.com/support/man/docs/c51/c51_mdu_r515.htm)
Operation
Implementation
signed int mul
Intrinsic
unsigned int mul
Intrinsic
signed int div
?C?SIDIVR515 routine
unsigned int div
?C?UIDIVR515 routine
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ISSFA-0183
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Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
signed long mul
?C?LMULR515 routine
unsigned long mul
?C?LMULR515 routine
signed long div
?C?SLDIVR515 routine
unsigned long div
?C?ULDIVR515 routine
signed long shift left
?C?LSHLR515 routine
unsigned long shift left
?C?LSHLR515 routine
unsigned long shift right ?C?ULSHRR515 routine
7
MDU 的範例程式
MDU 支援方法二的範例，#pragma mdu_r515 為 Keil C 的 command line，加到 file.c 或 headfile.h
Description
Main program
皆可，但建議加至 headfile.h，例如 SM59R04A2.h 中即可。
//=========================================================================
//
//
S Y N C M O S
T E C H N O L O G Y
//
//=========================================================================
#include <SM59R04A2.h>
#pragma mdu_r515
//Keil C MDU command line
//typedef for normalizing ================================
typedef union {
struct {
unsigned char Byte3;
//MSB
unsigned char Byte2;
unsigned char Byte1;
unsigned char Byte0;
//LSB
}ss1;
struct {
unsigned int Word1;
//MSW
unsigned int Word0;
//LSW
}ss2;
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MDU 功能使用方法
unsigned long Ldata;
}Long_Data;
//=========================================================
void division_32_16(void)
{
unsigned int
ui_data_002;
// ?C?UIDIVR515 routine
unsigned long
ul_data_001;
// ?C?LMULR515 routine
unsigned long
ul_data_002;
// ?C?ULDIVR515 routine
// 32/16 ANS:0x00000101================================
ul_data_002= 0x0000FFFF;
ui_data_002= 0x00FF;
P3_0 =0;
ul_data_001 = ul_data_002/ui_data_002;
//4.560us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//33.88us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//280.0us
@25MHz 12T without
MDU
P3_0 =1;
P0 = ul_data_001;
P1 = ul_data_001>>8;
// 32/16 ANS:0x00010001================================
ul_data_002= 0xFFFFFFFF;
ui_data_002= 0xFFFF;
P3_1 =0;
ul_data_001 = ul_data_002/ui_data_002;
//4.601us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//36.40us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//302.0us
@25MHz 12T without
MDU
P3_1 =1;
P0 = ul_data_001;
P1 = ul_data_001>>8;
P2 = ul_data_001>>16;
}
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Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
void division_16_16(void)
{
unsigned int
ui_data_001;
unsigned int
ui_data_002;
unsigned int
ui_data_003;
// 16/16 ANS:0x0101================================
ui_data_002= 0xFFFF;
ui_data_003= 0x00FF;
P3_2 =0;
//trig
ui_data_001 = ui_data_002/ui_data_003;
//2.32us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//8.404us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//64.30us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_2 =1;
//trig
P0 = ui_data_001;
P1 = ui_data_001>>8;
P2 = ARCON;
// 16/16 ANS:0x0001================================
ui_data_002= 0xFFFF;
ui_data_003= 0xFFFF;
P3_3 =0;
//trig
ui_data_001 = ui_data_002/ui_data_003;
//2.320us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//9.200us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//76.84us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_3 =1;
//trig
P0 = ui_data_001;
P1 = ui_data_001>>8;
P2 = ARCON;
//=0X00
}
void multiplication_16x16(void)
{
unsigned int
ui_data_002;
// ?C?UIDIVR515 routine
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MDU 功能使用方法
unsigned long
ul_data_001;
unsigned long
ul_data_003;
// ?C?LMULR515 routine
// 16x16 ANS:0x00FEFF01================================
ui_data_002= 0x00FF;
ul_data_001= 0xFFFF;
P3_4 =0;
ul_data_003 = ul_data_001*ui_data_002;
//6.599us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//7.922us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//62.01us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_4 =1;
P0 = ul_data_003;
P1 = ul_data_003>>8;
P2 = ul_data_003>>16;
// 16x16 ANS:0xFFFE0001================================
ul_data_001= 0xFFFF;
ui_data_002= 0xFFFF;
P3_5 =0;
ul_data_003 = ul_data_001*ui_data_002;
//6.639us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//7.960us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//62.4us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_5 =1;
P0 = ul_data_003;
P1 = ul_data_003>>8;
P2 = ul_data_003>>16;
}
void Shift(void)
{
unsigned long ul_data_003;
//=========================================================
//Shift
ul_data_003=0x800FFFFF;
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Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
P3_0=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003>>1;
//3.678us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//2.317us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//16.4us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_0=1;
//trig
P3_1=0;
//trig
P1 = ul_data_003>>8;
//3.841us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//8.081us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//67.7us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_1=1;
//trig
P3_2=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003>>15;
//3.680us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//13.52us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//117.1us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_2=1;
//trig
P3_3=0;
//trig
P1 = ul_data_003>>16;
//3.840us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//14.48us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//125.4us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_3=1;
//trig
P3_4=0;
//trig
P2 = ul_data_003>>24;
//3.841us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//20.87us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//183.0us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_4=1;
//trig
P3_5=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003>>31;
//3.687us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//26.32us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//232.4us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
P3_5=1;
//trig
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Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
P3_6=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003>>8;
//0xFF
P1 = ul_data_003>>16;
//0x0F
P2 = ul_data_003>>24;
//0x80
P3_6=1;
//trig
P3_7=0;
//trig
P0 = ul_data_003<<8;
//0x00
P1 = ul_data_003<<16;
//0x00
P2 = ul_data_003<<24;
//0x00
P3_7=1;
//trig
//17.36us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//42.72us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//372.0us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
//10.56us
@25MHz 1T with MDU
//42.72us
@25MHz 1T without MDU
//372.0us
@25MHz 12T without MDU
}
void Normalizing_Write(unsigned long Data)
{
Long_Data LD;
LD.Ldata =Data;
MD0 = LD.ss1.Byte0;
MD1 = LD.ss1.Byte1;
MD2 = LD.ss1.Byte2;
MD3 = LD.ss1.Byte3;
ARCON = 0x00 ;
// Start Normalizing
while(!(PCON & 0x40))
//check MDU finish flag
{};
}
void Normalizing_Read(void)
{
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MDU 功能使用方法
Long_Data LD;
LD.ss1.Byte0 = MD0; //first read
LD.ss1.Byte1 = MD1;
LD.ss1.Byte2 = MD2;
LD.ss1.Byte3 = MD3; //last read, MDEF(error flag) happen if not read
}
void Normalizing_test(void)
{
P3_0=0;
//trig = 3.079us
Normalizing_Write(0x00000001);
//ANS=0x1F
P3_0=1;
//trig
-->MDOV=0
Normalizing_Read();
P0 = ARCON;
P3_1=0;
//trig = 2.681us
Normalizing_Write(0x00080000);
//ANS=0x03
P3_1=1;
//trig
-->MDOV=0
Normalizing_Read();
P1 = ARCON;
P3_2=0;
//trig = 2.603us
Normalizing_Write(0x00080001);
//ANS=0x0C
P3_2=1;
//trig
-->MDOV=0
Normalizing_Read();
P2 = ARCON;
P3_3=0;
//trig = 2.600us
Normalizing_Write(0x81008000);
//ANS=0x40
P3_3=1;
//trig
-->MDOV=1
P0 = ARCON;
Normalizing_Read();
}
void main(void)
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0183
14
Ver B 2011/01
MDU 功能使用方法
{
IFCON |= 0x80;
division_32_16();
division_16_16();
multiplication_16x16();
Shift();
Normalizing_test();
while(1){};
}
Specifications subject to change without notice, contact your sales representatives for the most recent information.
ISSFA-0183
15
Ver B 2011/01