Data Sheet

DCM™ DC-DC Converter
DCM290P138T600A40
®
S
US
C
C
NRTL
US
Isolated, Regulated DC Converter
Features
Product Ratings
• Isolated, regulated DC-to-DC converter
Operating Input (V)
• Up to 600 W, 43.5 A continuous
Output Power
Max (W)
Min
Nom
Max
• 1239 W/in3 Power density
200
290
378
600
• Wide extended input range 160 – 420 Vdc
160
420
500
• 93% peak efficiency
Output (V) set point
100% load, 25°C
Min
Nom
Max
11.5
13.8
15.5
• Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) 13.8 V Nominal Output
• 4242 Vdc isolation
• ZVS high frequency (MHz) switching
P (W)
n Enables low-profile, high-density filtering
• Optimized for array operation
600
500
n Up to 8 units – 4800 W
n No power derating needed
n Sharing strategy permits dissimilar line voltages
across an array
160 200
• Fully operational current limit
378
420 Vin (V)
• OV, OC, UV, short circuit and thermal protection
• 4623 through-hole ChiP package
Product Description
n 1.886” x 0.898” x 0.286”
(47.91 mm x 22.8 mm x 7.26 mm)
Typical Applications
•
•
•
•
Transportation
Industrial Systems
Electric Vehicle (EV) / Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
On-board Power
The DCM Isolated, Regulated DC Converter is a DC-to-DC
converter, operating from an unregulated, wide range input to
generate an isolated 13.8 Vdc output. With its high frequency
zero voltage switching (ZVS) topology, the DCM converter
consistently delivers high efficiency across the input line range.
Modular DCM converters and downstream DC-DC products
support efficient power distribution, providing superior power
system performance and connectivity from a variety of
unregulated power sources to the point-of-load.
Leveraging the thermal and density benefits of Vicor’s ChiP
packaging technology, the DCM module offers flexible thermal
management options with very low top and bottom side
thermal impedances. Thermally-adept ChiP based power
components enable customers to achieve cost effective power
system solutions with previously unattainable system size,
weight and efficiency attributes, quickly and predictably.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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DCM290P138T600A40
Typical Application
VTR
DCM1
R2_1
TR
R3_1
R1_1
EN
FT
SW1_1
L2_1
HV battery
(160-420V)
L1_1
+IN
+OUT
C3_1
C1_1
-IN
-OUT
C5
LV battery
(12V)
DCM2
R2_2
TR
R3_2
R1_2
C4
EN
FT
SW1_2
L2_2
L1_2
+IN
+OUT
-IN
-OUT
C3_2
C1_2
DCM4
R2_4
TR
R3_4
R1_4
EN
FT
SW1_4
L2_4
L1_4
+IN
+OUT
C3_4
C1_4
-IN
-OUT
Typical Application 1: DCM290P138T600A40 for EV/HEV applications
DCM1
TR
RTR1
R1_1
R3_1
SW1_1
EN
FT
13.8V
L2_1
300V
L1_1
+IN
+OUT
C3_1
C1_1
-IN
C4
-OUT
C5
Picor CoolPower
5V
ZVS Buck
Picor CoolPower
ZVS Buck
Picor CoolPower
ZVS Buck
DCM2
TR
RTR2
R1_2
R3_2
EN
Picor CoolPower
FT
ZVS Buck
SW1_2
L2_2
200V
L1_2
+IN
+OUT
C3_2
C1_2
-IN
Picor CoolPower
ZVS Buck
Picor CoolPower
-OUT
ZVS Buck
Typical Application 2: DCM290P138T600A40 + Picor Point-of-Load
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 2 of 25
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800 927.9474
3.3V
DCM290P138T600A40
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
1
2
+IN
A
A’
+OUT
TR
B
B’
-OUT
EN
C
FT
D
-IN
E
C’ +OUT
D’
-OUT
4623 ChiP Package
Pin Descriptions
Pin
Number
Signal Name
Type
A1
+IN
INPUT POWER
B1
TR
INPUT
Enables and disables trim functionality. Adjusts output voltage when trim active.
C1
EN
INPUT
Enables and disables power supply
D1
FT
OUTPUT
E1
-IN
INPUT POWER
RETURN
Negative input power terminal
A’2, C’2
+OUT
OUTPUT POWER
Positive output power terminal
B’2, D’2
-OUT
OUTPUT POWER
RETURN
Negative output power terminal
Function
Positive input power terminal
Fault monitoring
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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Page 3 of 25
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800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Part Ordering Information
Device
Input Voltage Range
Package Type
Output
Voltage x 10
Temperature Grade
Output Power
Revision
Version
DCM
290
P
138
T
600
A4
0
DCM = DCM
290 = 160 to 420 V
P = ChiP TH
138 = 13.8 V
T = -40 to 125°C
600 = 600 W
A4
Analog Control
Interface Version
Standard Models
Part Number
VIN
Package Type
VOUT
Temperature
Power
Version
DCM290P138T600A40
160 to 420 V
ChiP TH
13.8 V
(11.5 to 15.5 V)
T = -40 to 125°C
600 W
Analog Control
Interface Version
Absolute Maximum Ratings
The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device.
Electrical specifications do not apply when operating beyond rated operating conditions.
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
Continuous
Comments
-0.5
460
V
100 ms with a maximum duty cycle of 10%
-0.5
550
V
-1
1
V/µs
TR to - IN
-0.3
3.5
V
EN to -IN
-0.3
3.5
V
-0.3
3.5
V
5
mA
25
V
Input Voltage (+IN to –IN)
Input Voltage Slew Rate
FT to -IN
Output Voltage (+Out to –Out)
Dielectric withstand (input to output)
-0.5
Reinforced insulation
4242
Vdc
Temperature
Operating Internal
-40
125
°C
Storage
-40
125
°C
51
A
Average Output Current
Maximum Output Power (W)
700
600
500
Temperature of:
400
Case top only
Case top and leads
Case top & bottom and leads
300
200
100
0
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
Temperature (°C)
Thermal Specified Operating Area: Max Output Power vs. Case Temp, Single unit at minimum full load efficiency
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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Page 4 of 25
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800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Electrical Specifications
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
200
290
378
V
160
290
420
V
8.5
A
Power Input Specification
Input Voltage Range, full power
VIN
Input Voltage Range, extended
VIN-EXTENDED
Inrush current (peak)
IINRP
Module will only startup if input voltage is inside the
range of VIN. After startup, Module can then operate in
the entire VIN-EXTENDED range
With maximum COUT-EXT, full resistive load
Input capacitance (internal)
CIN-INT
Effective value at nominal input voltage
0.8
µF
Input capacitance (internal) ESR
RCIN-INT
At 1 MHz
2.5
mΩ
Input inductance (external)
LIN
Input capacitance (external)
CIN-EXT
Differential mode, with no further line bypassing
Effective value at nominal input voltage
10
0.68
µH
µF
No Load Specification
Input power – disabled
Input power – enabled with no load
Nominal line, see Fig. 2
PQ
0.7
Worst case line, see Fig. 2
Nominal line, see Fig. 3
PNL
2
Worst case line, see Fig. 3
1.5
W
2
W
3
W
8.5
W
Power Output Specification
Output voltage set point
Output voltage trim range
Output voltage load regulation
Output voltage light load regulation
Output voltage temperature
coefficient
VOUT accuracy
VOUT-NOM
VIN = 290 V, trim inactive, at 100% Load, TINT = 25°C
13.66
13.8
13.94
V
VOUT-TRIMMING
Trim range over temp, with > 5% rated load. Specifies
the Low, Nominal and High Trim conditions.
11.5
13.8
15.5
V
0.7263
0.8032
V
2.3
V
ΔVOUT-LOAD
Linear load line. Output voltage increase from full rated
load current to no load (Does not include light load
0.6503
regulation). See Fig. 5 and Sec. Design Guidelines
0% to 5% Load, additional VOUT relative to calculated
load line point; see Fig. 5 and Sec. Design Guidelines
ΔVOUT-LL
ΔVOUT-TEMP
0.0
Nominal, linear temperature coefficient, relative to
TINT = 25 ºC. See Fig. 4 and Sec. Design Guidelines
-1.84
The total output voltage setpoint accuracy from the
%VOUT-ACCURACY calculated ideal Vout based on load, temp and trim.
Excludes ΔVOUT-LL
mV/°C
2.00
%
Rated output power
POUT
Continuous, VOUT ≥ 13.8 V, 200 V ≤ VIN ≤ 378 V
600
W
Rated output current
IOUT
Continuous, VOUT ≤ 13.8 V, 200 V ≤ VIN ≤ 378 V
43.5
A
500
W
A
Derated output power
POUT-DERATED
Continuous, VOUT ≥ 13.8 V,
160 V < VIN < 200 V or 378 V < VIN < 420 V
Derated output current
IOUT-DERATED
Continuous, VOUT ≤ 13.8 V,
160 V < VIN < 200 V or 378 V < VIN < 420 V
36.2
100
Output current limit
IOUT-LM
Of IOUT max. Fully operational current limit
Current limit delay
tIOUT-LIM
The module will power limit in a fast transient event
Efficiency
Output voltage ripple
h
VOUT-PP
105
117
%
1
ms
93.6
%
Full Load, Nominal Line, trim inactive
92.9
Full Load, over VIN and temperature, trim inactive
91.5
%
Full Load, over VIN-EXTENDED and temperature, trim inactive
91.0
%
50% Load, over line, temperature and trim
90.0
%
Over all operating steady-state line, load and trim
conditions, 20 MHz BW, with minimum COUT-EXT
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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Page 5 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
500
mV
DCM290P138T600A40
Electrical Specifications (cont.)
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Power Output Specifications (Cont.)
Output capacitance (internal)
COUT-INT
Effective value at nominal output voltage
Output capacitance (internal) ESR
RCOUT-INT
At 1MHz
Output capacitance (external)
COUT-EXT
Electrolytic Capacitor preferred. Excludes component
tolerances and temperature coefficient
Output capacitance, ESR (ext.)
RCOUT-EXT
At 10 kHz, excludes component tolerances
Initialization delay
72
µF
0.06
mΩ
1000
10000
10
mΩ
tINIT
After input voltage first exceeds VIN-INIT
25
Output turn-on delay
tON
From rising edge EN, with VIN pre-applied. See timing
diagram
200
Output turn-off delay
tOFF
From falling edge EN. See timing diagram
Start-up setpoint aquisition time
tSS
Full load (soft-start ramp time) with minimum COUT-EXT
VOUT threshold for max
rated load current
IOUT at startup
Monotonic soft-start threshold
voltage
Minimum required disabled duration
Minimum required disabled duration
for predictable restart
Voltage deviation (transient)
Settling time
VOUT-FL-THRESH
IOUT-START
VOUT-MONOTONIC
tOFF-MIN
tOFF-MONOTONIC
%VOUT-TRANS
tSETTLE
During startup, VOUT must achieve this threshold before
output can support full rated current
Max load current at startup while VOUT
is below VOUT-FL-THRESH
At startup, the DCM output voltage rise becomes
monotonic with a minimum of 25% pre-load once it crosses
VOUT-MONOTONIC, standalone or as a member in an array
This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be
in the disabled state before it will attempt to start via EN
This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in
the disabled state before it is guaranteed to exhibit
monotonic soft-start and have predictable startup timing
40
ms
µs
600
5.0
µs
ms
10.5
0.1
COUT_EXT = min; (10 ↔ 90% load step), excluding load
line. Load slew rate < 43.5 A/ms
µF
V
A
10.5
V
2
ms
100
ms
<10
%
<0.5
ms
Powertrain Protections
Input Voltage Initialization threshold
VIN-INIT
Input Voltage Reset threshold
VIN-RESET
VIN undervoltage Turn-OFF
VIN-UVLO-
VIN undervoltage Turn-ON
VIN-UVLO+
VIN overvoltage Turn-OFF
VIN-OVLO+
VIN overvoltage Turn-ON
VIN-OVLO-
Output overvoltage threshold
VOUT-OVP
Output overvoltage threshold
VOUT-OVP-LL
Minimum current limited VOUT
VOUT-UVP
Overtemperature threshold (internal)
Power limit
Latching faults will clear once VIN falls below VIN-RESET
V
50
V
130
See Timing diagram
See Timing diagram
From 25% to 100% load. Latched shutdown. Primary
sensed output voltage only
From 0% to 25% load. Latched shutdown. Primary
sensed output voltage only
155
V
200
V
450
V
380
V
17.2
V
18.0
V
V
TINT-OTP
125
°C
PLIM
880
W
tOVLO-SW
VIN overvoltage response time
tOVLO
VIN undervoltage response time
tUVLO
Short circuit, or temperature fault
recovery time
75
6
VIN overvoltage to cessation of
powertrain switching
Short circuit response time
Threshold to start tINIT delay
tSC
tFAULT
Over all operating steady-state line and trim conditions
Independent of fault logic
1
For fault logic only
Powertrain on, operational state
See Timing diagram
1
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 6 of 25
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800 927.9474
µs
200
µs
100
ms
200
µs
s
DCM290P138T600A40
Signal Specifications
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Enable: EN
• The EN pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the unit will be disabled.
• The EN pin has an internal pull-up to VCC and is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter.
SIGNAL TYPE
DIGITAL
INPUT
STATE
Any
ATTRIBUTE
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS / NOTES
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
2.31
V
EN enable threshold
VENABLE-EN
EN disable threshold
VENABLE-DIS
0.99
VCC
3.21
3.30
3.39
V
RENABLE-INT
9.5
10.0
10.5
kΩ
Internally generated VCC
EN Internal Pull up
resistance to VCC
V
Trim: TR
• The TR pin enables and disables trim functionality when VIN is applied to the DCM converter.
When Vin first crosses VIN-UVLO+, the voltage on TR determines whether or not trim is active.
• If TR is not floating at power up and has a voltage less than TR trim enable threshold, trim is active.
• If trim is active, the TR pin provides dynamic trim control with at least 30Hz of -3dB control bandwidth over the output voltage of the DCM converter.
• The TR pin has an internal pull-up to VCC and is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter.
SIGNAL TYPE
DIGITAL
INPUT
ANALOG
INPUT
STATE
ATTRIBUTE
SYMBOL
TR trim disable threshold
VTRIM-DIS
TR trim enable threshold
VTRIM-EN
Internally generated VCC
VCC
Startup
Operational
with Trim
enabled
TR pin analog range
VTRIM-RANGE
VOUT referred TR
pin resolution
VOUT-RES
TR internal pull up
resistance to VCC
RTRIIM-INT
CONDITIONS / NOTES
Trim disabled when TR above this threshold
at power up
Trim enabled when TR below this threshold
at power up
Trim VOUT higher than output voltage trim
range VOUT-TRIMMING could possibly cause
output OVP
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
3.20
V
3.15
V
3.21
3.30
3.39
V
0
1.9
3.15
V
With VCC = 3.3 V
18.0
9.5
10.0
mV
10.5
kΩ
Fault: FT
• The FT pin is a Fault flag pin.
• When the module is enabled and no fault is present, the FT pin does not have current drive capability.
• Whenever the powertrain stops (due to a fault protection or disabling the module by pulling EN low), the FT pin output Vcc and provides current to drive
an external ciruit.
• When module starts up, the FT pin is pulled high to VCC during microcontroller initialization and will remain high until soft start process starts.
SIGNAL TYPE
STATE
Any
DIGITAL
OUTPUT
ATTRIBUTE
FT internal pull up
resistance to VCC
FT Voltage
FT Active
FT current drive capability
FT response time
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS / NOTES
RFAULT-INT
VFAULT-ACTIVE
At rated Current drive capability
IFAULT-ACTIVE
Over-current FT drive beyond its capability
may cause module damage
tFT-ACTIVE
Delay from cessation of switching to
FT Pin Active
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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Page 7 of 25
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800 927.9474
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
474
499
525
kΩ
3.0
V
4
mA
200
µs
DCM290P138T600A40
Functional Block Diagram
+IN
Primary & Secondary Powertrains
+VIN
Top Cell
+OUT
COUT-INT
CIN-INT
–OUT
Bottom Cell
–VIN
–IN
Control & Monitoring
Power
Limit
Primary
Based
VOUT Sense
Modulator
Powertrain
Enable
Error Amplifier
Primary
Based
IOUT Sense
VEAO
VCC
Temperature
VOUT Load
Regulation
and ILIMIT
Reference
and Soft Start
TR
EN
FT
OTP
+VIN
Synchronous
Floating
MOSFET Gate
driver
Fault Monitoring
Output
Under
Voltage
Overvoltage
Lockout
Undervoltage
Lockout
OVP
Output
Short
Circuit
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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DCM290P138T600A40
High Level Functional State Diagram
Conditions that cause state transitions are shown along arrows. Sub-sequence activities listed inside the state bubbles.
Application of
VIN
VIN > VIN-INIT
INITIALIZATION
SEQUENCE
EN = False
tMIN-OFF delay
NON LATCHED
FAULT
tOFF
ul t
Fa oved
m
Re
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
tINIT delay
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
EN = True and
No Faults
tON delay
EN = False
tOFF delay
In
p
In ut O
pu V
tU L
VL O o
O r
VIN > VIN-UVLO+ and
not Over-temp
TR mode latched
STANDBY
or
O
L
V LO
t O UV
u
t
p
In npu
I
EN = False
tOFF-MIN delay
SOFT START
VOUT Ramp Up
tss delay
Powertrain: Active
FT = False
RUNNING
tSS Expiry
Ou
tpu
Regulates VOUT
Powertrain: Active
FT = False
or
mp
r-te
P
Ove put UV
Out
REINITIALIZATION
SEQUENCE
tINIT delay
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
Fault Removed
Ov
e
Ou r-tem
tpu
p
t U or
VP
VP
tO
pu
ut
O
tO
VP
NON LATCHED
FAULT
tFAULT
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
LATCHED
FAULT
EN = False
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
Output
Input
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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Page 10 of 25
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FT
ILOAD
FULL LOAD
IOUT
VOUT
VOUT-UVP
FULL LOAD
VOUT-NOM
TR
VTR-DIS
EN
VIN
VIN-UVLO+/VIN-INIT
VIN-OVLO+/-
tINIT
tON
1
Input Power On
- Trim Inactive
tSS
2
3
Ramp to TR
Full Load Ignored
tOFF
tMIN_OFF
4
EN
Low
tSS
tON
5
EN
High
tOFF
6
Input
OVLO
tSS
tOFF
7
Input
UVLO
tSS
tOFF
8
Input
returned
to zero
DCM290P138T600A40
Timing Diagrams
Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown.
Output
Input
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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Page 11 of 25
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FT
ILOAD
IOUT
FULL LOAD
VOUT
VOUT-UVP
FULL LOAD
VOUT-NOM
TR
VTR = nom
VTR-EN
EN
VIN
VIN-UVLO+/-
VIN-OVLO+/-
tINIT
tON
9
Input Power On
- Trim Active
tSS
VOUT-OVP
10
Vout
based on
VTR
tOFF
11
Load dump
and reverse
current
tINIT
tON
tSS
12
Vout OVP
(primary
sensed)
13
Latched
fault cleared
RLOAD
tIOUT-LIM
14
Current Limit
with Resistive
Load
tFAULT
15
Resistive
Load with
decresing R
tINIT
16
Overload induced
Output UVP
tON
tSS
DCM290P138T600A40
Timing Diagrams (Cont.)
Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown.
DCM290P138T600A40
Typical Performance Characteristics
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
16
15
14
Output Voltage (V)
Output Voltage (V)
16
12
10
8
6
14
13
12
11
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
-40
-20
0
Low Trim
Nom Trim
20
40
60
80
100
Baseplate Temperature (°C)
Average Output Current (A)
High Trim
Condition:
Nominal Trim
Minimum trim
Maximum Trim
Figure 4 — VOUT vs. operating temperature trend, at full load
Figure 1 — Electrical Specified Operating Area
and nominal line
2.0
18
Output Voltage (V)
Input Power (W)
16
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
14
12
10
8
6
160
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
420
0
10
TCASE:
-40°C
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (%)
Input Voltage (V)
25°C
90°C
Condition:
Figure 2 — Disabled power consumption vs. VIN
Nominal Trim
Minimum trim
Maximum Trim
Figure 5 — VOUT vs. load current trend, at room temperature
and nominal line
Power Dissipation (W)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
160
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
420
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
-40°C
25°C
90°C
Figure 3 — No load power dissipation vs. VIN, at nominal trim
Figure 6 — Initial startup from EN pin, with soft-start ramp.
VIN = 290 V, COUT_EXT = 10000 µF, RLOAD = 0.317 Ω
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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DCM290P138T600A40
Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
45
92
Efficiency (%)
93.5
93.0
92.5
40
90
35
88
30
86
25
20
84
15
92.0
10
5
80
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
10
420
20
30
40
-40°C
25°C
160 V
VIN:
90°C
94.0
80
90
100
290 V
420 V
160 V
290 V
45
92
Efficiency (%)
93.0
92.5
40
90
35
88
30
86
25
20
84
15
92.0
91.5
160
82
10
5
80
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
10
420
20
30
40
-40°C
25°C
160 V
VIN:
90°C
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (%)
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
290 V
420 V
160 V
290 V
420 V
Figure 11 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.VIN to IOUT,
TCASE = 25°C
Figure 8 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, VOUT = 13.8 V
94.0
94
50
45
92
Efficiency (%)
93.5
93.0
92.5
40
90
35
88
30
86
25
20
84
15
92.0
91.5
160
420 V
50
94
93.5
Efficiiency (%)
70
Figure 10 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.VIN to IOUT,
TCASE = -40°C
Figure 7 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, VOUT = 11.5 V
Efficiiency (%)
60
Load Current (%)
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
50
82
10
5
80
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
10
420
20
30
40
-40°C
25°C
90°C
Figure 9 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, VOUT = 15.5 V
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (%)
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
Power Dissipation (W)
91.5
160
82
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
50
94
Power Dissipation (W)
94.0
VIN:
160 V
290 V
420 V
160 V
290 V
420 V
Figure 12 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.VIN to IOUT,
TCASE = 90°C
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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DCM290P138T600A40
Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
Figure 13 — 10% to 100% load transient response, VIN = 290 V,
Figure 16 — 100% to 10% load transient response, VIN = 290 V,
nominal trim, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF
nominal trim, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF
1100
1000
VIN (V)
160
900
200
800
290
700
378
600
420
500
Switching Frequency (kHz)
Switching Frequency (kHz)
1100
1000
VOUT
900
Nom Trim
800
Low Trim
700
High Trim
600
500
50
60
70
80
90
100
50
60
70
Load (%)
80
90
100
Load (%)
Figure 17 — Powertrain switching frequency vs. load,
Figure 14 — Powertrain switching frequency vs. load,
at nominal VIN
at nominal trim
Effective Capacitance (µF)
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Voltage (V)
Figure 15 — Effective internal input capacitance vs. applied voltage
Figure 18 — Typical output voltage ripple, VIN = 290 V,
VOUT = 13.8 V, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF, RLOAD = 0.317 Ω
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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Page 14 of 25
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DCM290P138T600A40
General Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Mechanical
Length
L
47.53/ [1.871] 47.91/ [1.886] 48.29/ [1.901]
mm/[in]
Width
W
22.67/ [0.893]
22.8/ [0.898]
22.93/ [0.903]
mm/[in]
Height
H
7.21/ [0.284]
7.26/ [0.286]
7.31/ [0.288]
mm/[in]
Volume
Vol
Weight
W
Lead finish
No heat sink
7.90/ [0.48]
cm3/[in3]
29.2 / [1.03]
g/[oz]
Nickel
0.51
2.03
Palladium
0.02
0.15
Gold
0.003
0.05
-40
125
µm
Thermal
Operating internal temperature
TINT
°C
Estimated thermal resistance to maximum
Thermal resistance top side
ΦINT-TOP
temperature internal component from
1.80
°C/W
5.54
°C/W
1.58
°C/W
21
Ws/°C
isothermal top
Estimated thermal resistance to
Thermal resistance leads
ΦINT-LEADS
maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal leads
Estimated thermal resistance to
Thermal resistance bottom side
ΦINT-BOTTOM maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal bottom
Thermal capacity
Assembly
Storage temperature
TST
HBM
ESD rating
CDM
-40
Method per Human Body Model Test
ESDA/JEDEC JDS-001-2012
125
°C
CLASS 1C
V
Charged Device Model JESD22-C101E
CLASS 2
Soldering[1]
Peak temperature top case
[1]
For further information, please contact
factory applications
Product is not intended for reflow solder attach.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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135
°C
DCM290P138T600A40
General Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Safety
Isolation Voltage
VHIPOT
IN to OUT
4242
Vdc
IN to CASE
2121
Vdc
OUT to CASE
2121
Vdc
Reliability
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count - 25ºC
Ground Benign, Stationary, Indoors /
Computer
Telcordia Issue 2, Method I Case 3, 25°C,
100% D.C., GB, GC
1.85
MHrs
2.35
MHrs
Agency Approvals
Agency approvals/standards
cTÜVus; EN 60950-1
cURus, 60950-1
CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive as Applicable.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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DCM290P138T600A40
Pin Functions
TR (Trim)
+IN, -IN
The TR pin is used to select the trim mode and to trim the output
voltage of the DCM converter. The TR pin has an internal pull-up to
VCC through a 10 kΩ resistor.
Input power pins. -IN is the reference for all control pins, and
therefore a Kelvin connection is recommended as close as possible to
the pin on the package, to reduce effects of voltage drop due to -IN
currents.
The DCM will latch trim behavior at application of VIN, and persist in
that same behavior until loss of input voltage.
n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at above VTRIM-DIS, the
+OUT, -OUT
module will latch in a non-trim mode, and will ignore the TR
input for as long as VIN is present.
Output power pins.
n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at below VTRIM-EN, the TR
EN (Enable)
will serve as an input to control real time output voltage trim. It
will persist in this behavior until VIN is no longer present.
This pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the
unit will be disabled. It is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter.
The EN pin has an internal pull-up to VCC through a
10 kΩ resistor.
If trim is active when the DCM is operating, the TR pin provides
dynamic trim control at a typical 30 Hz of -3dB bandwidth over the
output voltage.
n Output enable: When EN is allowed to pull up above the enable
threshold, the module will be enabled. If leaving EN floating, it is
pulled up to VCC and the module will be enabled.
FT (Fault)
The FT pin provides a Fault signal.
n Output disable: EN may be pulled down externally in order
Anytime the module is enabled and has not recognized a fault, the
FT pin is inactive. FT has an internal 499 kΩ pull-up to Vcc, therefore
a shunt resistor, RSHUNT, of approximately 50 kΩ can be used to
ensure the LED is completly off when there is no fault, per the
diagram below.
to disable the module.
n EN is an input only, it does not pull low in the event of a fault.
n The EN pins of multiple units should be driven high concurrently
to permit the array to start in to maximum rated load. However,
the direct interconnection of multiple EN pins requires additional
considerations, as discussed in the section on Array Operation.
Whenever the powertrain stops (due to a fault protection or
disabling the module by pulling EN low), the FT pin becomes active
and provides current to drive an external circuit.
When active, FT pin drives to VCC, with up to 4 mA of external
loading. Module may be damaged from an over-current FT drive,
thus a resistor in series for current limiting is recommended.
The FT pin becomes active momentarily when the module starts up.
Typical External Circuits for Signal Pins (TR, EN, FT)
Vcc
Vcc
10k
Vcc
Reference and
Soft Start control
499k
Fault
Monitoring
10k
Soft Start and
Fault Monitoring
TR
FT
EN
RSERIES
SW
RTRIM
RSHUNT
Kelvin -IN connection
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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DCM290P138T600A40
Design Guidelines
Building Blocks and System Design
The DCM™ converter input accepts the full 160 to 420 V range, and it
generates an isolated trimmable 13.8 Vdc output. Multiple DCMs
may be paralleled for higher power capacity via wireless load
sharing, even when they are operating off of different input voltage
supplies.
The DCM converter provides a regulated output voltage around
defined nominal load line and temperature coefficients. The load line
and temperature coefficients enable configuration of an array of
DCM converters which manage the output load with no share bus
among modules. Downstream regulators may be used to provide
tighter voltage regulation, if required.
The DCM290P138T600A40 may be used in standalone applications
where the output power requirements are up to 600 W. However, it is
easily deployed as arrays of modules to increase power handling
capacity. Arrays of up to eight units have been qualified for 4800 W
capacity. Application of DCM converters in an array requires no
derating of the maximum available power versus what is specified
for a single module.
Soft Start
When the DCM starts, it will go through a soft start sequence. Notice
the module will only startup if the input voltage is within the
range of VIN. After startup, Module can then operate in the wider
input voltage range VIN-EXTENDED.
The soft start sequence ramps the output voltage by modulating the
internal error amplifier reference. This causes the output voltage to
approximate a piecewise linear ramp. The output ramp finishes
when the voltage reaches either the nominal output voltage, or the
trimmed output voltage in cases where trim mode is active.
Trim Mode and Output Trim Control
When the input voltage is initially applied to a DCM, and after TINIT
elapses, the trim pin voltage VTR is sampled. The TR pin has an
internal pull up resistor to VCC, so unless external circuitry pulls the
pin voltage lower, it will pull up to VCC. If the initially sampled trim
pin voltage is higher than VTRIM-DIS, then the DCM will disable
trimming as long as the VIN remains applied. In this case, for all
subsequent operation the output voltage will be programmed to the
nominal. This minimizes the support components required for
applications that only require the nominal rated Vout, and also
provides the best output setpoint accuracy, as there are no additional
errors from external trim components
If at initial application of VIN, the TR pin voltage is prevented from
exceeding VTRIM-EN, then the DCM will activate trim mode, and it will
remain active for as long as VIN is applied.
VOUT set point under full load and room temperature can be
calculated using the equation below:
VOUT = 10.00 + (6.48 • VTR/VCC)
(1)
Module performance is guaranteed through output voltage trim
range VOUT-TRIMMING. If VOUT is trimmed higher than that range, then
certain combinations of line and load transient conditions may
trigger the output OVP.
Nominal Output Voltage Load Line
Throughout this document, the programmed output voltage, (either
the specified nominal output voltage if trim is inactive) or the
trimmed output voltage if trim is active, is specified at full load, and
at room temperature. The actual output voltage of the DCM is given
by the programmed output voltage, with modification based on load
and temperature. The nominal output voltage is 13.8 V, and the
actual output voltage will match this at full load and room
temperature with trim inactive.
The largest modification to the actual output voltage compared to
the programmed output is due to a 5.263% VOUT-NOM load line, which
for this model corresponds to ΔVOUT-LOAD of 0.73 V. As the load is
reduced, the internal error amplifier reference, and by extension the
output voltage, rises in response. This load line is the primary
enabler of the wireless current sharing amongst an array of DCMs.
The load line impact on the output voltage is absolute, and is not
scaled by the trim voltage.
Furthermore, when the load current is below 5% of the rated
capacity, there is an additional ΔV added to the output voltage,
which is related to Burst Mode. Please see the section on Burst Mode
below for details.
For a given programmed output voltage, the actual output voltage
versus load current at for nominal trim, nominal line, and room
temperature is above 5% load given by the following equation:
VOUT = 13.8 + 0.73 – 0.73 • IOUT / 43.5
(2)
Nominal Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient
There is an additional additive term to the programmed output
voltage, which is based on the temperature of the module. This term
permits improved thermal balancing among modules in an array,
especially when the factory nominal trim point is utilized (trim
mode inactive). This term is much smaller than the load line
described above, representing only a 0.138 V change every 75°C over
the entire rated temperature range. Regulation coefficient is relative
to 25°C TINT (hottest internal temperature).
For nominal trim, nominal line, and full load, the output voltage
relates to the temperature according to the following equation:
VOUT = 13.8 - 0.138 • (TINT - 25)/75
(3)
where TINT is in °C.
The impact of temperature coefficient on the output voltage is
absolute, and does not scale with trim or load.
Note that while the soft-start routine described above does re-arm
after the unit self-protects from a fault condition, the trim mode is
not changed when a DCM recovers from any fault condition
or being disabled.
If VTR is driven above the point where the trimmed Vout reaches the
maximum trimmed Vout range, then the VOUT will hold at the
maximum of the trim range, and not wrap around or return to
nominal VOUT.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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DCM290P138T600A40
Overall Output Voltage Transfer Function
Taking trim (equation 1), load line (equation 2) and temperature
coefficient (equation 3) into account, the general equation relating
the DC VOUT at nominal line to programmed trim (when active), load,
and temperature is given by:
pre-charge circuit is required for the DCM input to control the input
voltage slew rate and prevent overstress to input stage components.
VOUT = 10.00 + (6.48 • Vtr/Vcc) + 0.73 +ΔV – 0.73
• IOUT /43.5 - 0.138 • (TINT -25)/75
(4)
Input Fuse Selection
DCM is not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in
configuring power systems. Input line fusing is recommended at
system level, in order to provide thermal protection in case of
catastrophic failure. The fuse shall be selected by closely matching
system requirements with the following characteristics:
Use 0 V for ΔV when load is from 5% to 100% load, and up to 2.3 V
when operating at <5% load. See section on Burst Mode operation for
light load effects on output voltage.
Output Current Limit
The DCM features a fully operational current limit which effectively
keeps the module operating inside the Safe Operating Area (SOA) for
all valid trim and load profiles. The current limit approximates a
“brick wall” limit, where the output current is prevented from
exceeding the current limit threshold by reducing the output voltage
via the internal error amplifier reference. The current limit threshold
at nominal trim and below is typically 105% of maximum output
current, but can vary from 100% to 117% of maximum output
current. In order to preserve the SOA, in cases where the converter is
trimmed above the nominal output voltage, the current limit
threshold is automatically reduced to limit the available output
power.
When the output current exceeds the current limit threshold, current
limit action is held off by 1ms, which permits the DCM to
momentarily deliver higher peak output currents to the load. Peak
output power during this time is still constrained by the internal
Power Limit of the module. The fast Power Limit and relatively slow
Current Limit work together to keep the module inside the SOA.
Delaying entry into current limit also permits the DCM to minimize
droop voltage for load steps.
Sustained operation in current limit is permitted, and no derating of
output power is required, even in an array configuration.
Some applications may benefit from well matched current
distribution, in which case fine tuning sharing via the trim pins
permits control over sharing. The DCM does not require this for
proper operation, due to the power limit and current limit behaviors
described here.
Current limit can reduce the output voltage to as little as the UVP
threshold (VOUT-UVP). Below this minimum output voltage
compliance level, further loading will cause the module to shut
down due to the output undervoltage fault protection.
Line Impedance, Input Slew rate and Output Stability Requirements
Connect a high-quality, low-noise power supply to the +IN and –IN
terminals. An external capacitance of 0.68uF is required. Additional
capacitance may have to be added between +IN and –IN to make up
for impedances in the interconnect cables as well as deficiencies in
the source.
Significant source impedance can bring system stability issue for a
regulated DC-DC converter and needs to be avoided or compensated.
Additional information can be found in the filter design application
note: www.vicorpower.com/documents/application_notes/
vichip_appnote23.pdf
Please refer to this input filter design tool to ensure input stability:
http://app2.vicorpower.com/filterDesign/intiFilter.do.
Ensure that the input voltage slew rate is less than 1V/us, otherwise a
For the DCM, output voltage stability is guaranteed as long as hold
up capacitance COUT-EXE falls within the specified ranges.
n Current rating (usually greater than the DCM converter’s
maximum current)
n Maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum
possible input voltage)
n Ambient temperature
n Breaking capacity per application requirements
n Nominal melting I2t
n Recommended fuse: 5A Bussmann PC-Tron
(see agency approval for additional fuses)
Fault Handling
Input Undervoltage Fault Protection (UVLO)
The converter’s input voltage is monitored to detect an input under
voltage condition. If the converter is not already running, then it will
ignore enable commands until the input voltage is greater than
VIN-UVLO+. If the converter is running and the input voltage falls
below VIN-UVLO-, the converter recognizes a fault condition, the
powertrain stops switching, and the output voltage of the unit falls.
Input voltage transients which fall below UVLO for less than tUVLO
may not be detected by the fault proection logic, in which case the
converter will continue regular operation. No protection is required
in this case.
Once the UVLO fault is detected by the fault protection logic, the
converter shuts down and waits for the input voltage to rise above
VIN-UVLO+. Provided the converter is still enabled, it will then restart.
Input Overvoltage Fault Protection (OVLO)
The converter’s input voltage is monitored to detect an input over
voltage condition. When the input voltage is more than the
VIN-OVLO+, a fault is detected, the powertrain stops switching, and the
output voltage of the converter falls.
After an OVLO fault occurs, the converter will wait for the input
voltage to fall below VIN-OVLO-. Provided the converter is still enabled,
the powertrain will restart.
The powertrain controller itself also monitors the input voltage.
Transient OVLO events which have not yet been detected by the fault
sequence logic may first be detected by the controller if the input
slew rate is sufficiently large. In this case, powertrain switching will
immediately stop. If the input voltage falls back in range before the
fault sequence logic detects the out of range condition, the
powertrain will resume switching and the fault logic will not
interrupt operation Regardless of whether the powertrain is running
at the time or not, if the input voltage does not recover from OVLO
before tOVLO, the converter fault logic will detect the fault.
Output Undervoltage Fault Protection (UVP)
The converter determines that an output overload or short circuit
condition exists by measuring its primary sensed output voltage and
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
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DCM290P138T600A40
the output of the internal error amplifier. In general, whenever the
powertrain is switching and the primary-sensed output voltage falls
below VOUT-UVP threshold, a short circuit fault will be registered. Once
an output undervoltage condition is detected, the powertrain
immediately stops switching, and the output voltage of the converter
falls. The converter remains disabled for a time tFAULT. Once recovered
and provided the converter is still enabled, the powertrain will again
enter the soft start sequence after tINIT and tON.
Temperature Fault Protections (OTP)
The fault logic monitors the internal temperature of the converter. If
the measured temperature exceeds TINT-OTP, a temperature fault is
registered. As with the under voltage fault protection, once a
temperature fault is registered, the powertrain immediately stops
switching, the output voltage of the converter falls, and the converter
remains disabled for at least time tFAULT. Then, the converter waits for
the internal temperature to return to below TINT-OTP before
recovering. Provided the converter is still enabled, the DCM will
restart after tINIT and tON.
Output Overvoltage Fault Protection (OVP)
The converter monitors the output voltage during each switching
cycle by a correspnding voltage reflected to the primary side control
circuitry. If the primary sensed output voltage exceeds VOUT-OVP, the
OVP fault protection is triggered. The control logic disables the
powertrain, and the output voltage of the converter falls.
fault protection, the case bottom temperature must be constrained
by the thermal solution such that it does not exceed the temperature
of the case top.
The ChiP package provides a high degree of flexibility in that it
presents three pathways to remove heat from internal power
dissipating components. Heat may be removed from the top surface,
the bottom surface and the leads. The extent to which these three
surfaces are cooled is a key component for determining the
maximum power that is available from a ChiP, as can be seen from
Figure 19.
Since the ChiP has a maximum internal temperature rating, it is
necessary to estimate this internal temperature based on a real
thermal solution. Given that there are three pathways to remove heat
from the ChiP, it is helpful to simplify the thermal solution into a
roughly equivalent circuit where power dissipation is modeled as a
current source, isothermal surface temperatures are represented as
voltage sources and the thermal resistances are represented as
resistors. Figure 19 shows the "thermal circuit" for a 4623 ChiP DCM
in an application where the top, bottom, and leads are cooled. In this
case, the DCM power dissipation is PDTOTAL and the three surface
temperatures are represented as TCASE_TOP, TCASE_BOTTOM, and TLEADS.
This thermal system can now be very easily analyzed with simple
resistors, voltage sources, and a current source.
This analysis provides an estimate of heat flow through the various
pathways as well as internal temperature.
This type of fault is latched, and the converter will not start again
until the latch is cleared. Clearing the fault latch is achieved by either
disabling the converter via the EN pin, or else by removing the input
power such that the input voltage falls below VIN-INIT.
External Output Capacitance
The DCM converter compensation requires a minimal external
capacitor on the output for proper operation and for good transient
load regulation. An external capacitor of 1000 uF to 10,000 uF per
DCM is required with ESR of 10 mΩ or greater.
Burst Mode
Under light load conditions, the DCM converter may operate in burst
mode depending on the line voltage. Burst mode occurs whenever
the internal power consumption of the converter combined with the
external output load is less than the minimum power transfer per
switching cycle. To prevent the output voltage from rising in this
case, the powertrain is switched off and on repeatedly, to effectively
lower the average switching frequency, and permit operation with
no external load. During the time when the power train is off, the
module internal consumption is significantly reduced, and so there
is a notable reduction in no-load input power in burst mode. When
the load is less than 5% of rated Iout, the output voltage may rise by
a maximum of 2.3 V, above the output voltage calculated from trim,
temperature, and load-line conditions.
Thermal Design
Based on the safe thermal operating area shown in page 5, the full
rated power of the DCM290P138T600A40 can be processed provided
that the top, bottom, and leads are all held below 80°C. These curves
highlight the benefits of dual sided thermal management, but also
demonstrate the flexibility of the Vicor ChiP platform for customers
who are limited to cooling only the top or the
bottom surface.
The OTP senseor is located on the top side of the internal PCB
structure. Therefore in order to ensure effective over-temperature
Thermal Resistance Top
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
ΦINT-TOP°C / W
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Thermal Resistance Leads
ΦINT-BOTTOM°C / W
TCASE_BOTTOM(°C)
Power Dissipation (W)
ΦINT-LEADS°C / W
+
–
TLEADS(°C)
+
–
TCASE_TOP(°C)
+
–
Figure 19 — Double side cooling and leads thermal model
Alternatively, equations can be written around this circuit and
analyzed algebraically:
TINT – PD1 • ΦINT-TOP = TCASE_TOP
TINT – PD2 • ΦINT-BOTTOM = TCASE_BOTTOM
TINT – PD3 • ΦINT-LEADS = TLEADS
PDTOTAL = PD1+ PD2+ PD3
Where TINT represents the internal temperature and PD1, PD2, and
PD3 represent the heat flow through the top side, bottom side, and
leads respectively.
Thermal Resistance Top
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
ΦINT-TOP°C / W
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Thermal Resistance Leads
ΦINT-BOTTOM°C / W
ΦINT-LEADS°C / W
Power Dissipation (W)
TCASE_BOTTOM(°C)
TLEADS(°C)
+
–
TCASE_TOP(°C)
Figure 20 — One side cooling and leads thermal model
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
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–
DCM290P138T600A40
Figure 20 shows a scenario where there is no bottom side cooling. In
this case, the heat flow path to the bottom is left open and the
equations now simplify to:
TINT – PD1 • ΦINT-TOP = TCASE_TOP
TINT – PD3 • ΦINT-LEADS = TLEADS
PDTOTAL = PD1 + PD3
R3: current limit resistor for fault pin, a resistor of at least 1 k is
recommended;
In order to help sensitive signal circuits reject potential noise,
additional components are recommended:
R2: 301 Ohm, facilitate noise attenuation for TR pin;
FB1, C2: FB1 is a ferrite bead with an impedance of at least 10 Ω at
100MHz. C2 can be a ceramic capacitor of 0.1uF. Facilitate noise
attenuation for EN pin.
VTR VEN
DCM1
R2_1
Thermal Resistance Top
FB1_1
ΦINT-TOP°C / W
R1_1
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Thermal Resistance Leads
ΦINT-BOTTOM°C / W
ΦINT-LEADS°C / W
TCASE_BOTTOM(°C)
EN
FT
C2_1
L2_1
+IN
Power Dissipation (W)
TR
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
+IN
L1_1
C1_1
C3_1
-IN
TLEADS(°C)
TCASE_TOP(°C)
+OUT
+OUT
-IN
+
–
C4
-OUT
C5
-OUT
DCM2
R2_2
TR
EN
FB1_2
R1_2
FT
C2_2
L2_2
+IN
L1_2
C1_2
+OUT
C3_2
-IN
Figure 21 — One side cooling thermal model
DCM8
R2_8
Figure 21 shows a scenario where there is no bottom side and leads
cooling. In this case, the heat flow path to the bottom is left open and
the equations now simplify to:
-OUT
TR
EN
FB1_8
FT
C2_8
R1_8
R3
L2_8
L1_8
+IN
+OUT
R4
C1_8
C3_8
-IN
TINT – PD1 • ΦINT-TOP = TCASE_TOP
PDTOTAL = PD1
-OUT
Figure 22 — DCM paralleling configuration circuit 1
Vicor provides a suite of online tools, including a simulator and
thermal estimator which greatly simplify the task of determining
whether or not a DCM thermal configuration is sufficient for a given
condition. These tools can be found at:
www.vicorpower.com/powerbench.
Array Operation
A decoupling network is needed to facilitate paralleling:
n An output inductor should be added to each DCM, before the
outputs are bussed together to provide decoupling.
n Each DCM needs a separate input filter, even if the multiple DCMs
When common mode noise rejection in the input side is needed,
common modes choke can be added in the input side of each DCM.
An example of DCM paralleling circuit is shown below:
DCM1
R2_1
TR
+
+
R1_1
+IN
L1_1
VTR1
VEN1
_
_
EN
FB1_1
FT
C2_1
L2_1
+IN
C1_1
-IN
C3_1
-IN
R1_2
L1_2
VTR2
VEN2
_
_
If signal pins (TR, EN, FT) are not used, they can be left floating, and
DCM will work in the nominal output condition.
FT
C2_2
L2_2
C3_2
-IN
+
L1_8
VTR8
C1_8
_
TR
EN
FB1_8
C2_8
R3
VEN8
_
-OUT
DCM8
R2_8
R1_8
+OUT
C4_2
+
When common mode noise in the input side is not a concern, TR and
EN can be driven and FT received using the –IN as a reference.
-OUT
EN
FB1_2
+IN
C1_2
C5
TR
+
+
C4
-OUT
DCM2
R2_2
share the same input voltage source. These filters limit the ripple
current reflected from each DCM, and also help suppress
generation of beat frequency currents that can result when
multiple powertrains input stages are permitted to
direclty interact.
+OUT
+OUT
C4_1
FT
L2_8
C4_8
R4
+IN
+OUT
C3_8
-IN
-OUT
An example of DCM paralleling circuit is shown in Figure 22.
Figure 23 — DCM paralleling configuration circuit 2
Recommended values to start with:
L1: L1 = 1 uH, minimized DCR;
R1: 1 Ohm;
C1: Ceramic capacitors in parallel, C1 = 2 uF;
L2: L2 ≥ 0.15 uH;
C3: electrolytic or tantalum capacitor, 1000 uF ≤ C3 ≤10000 uF;
C4, C5: additional ceramic /electrolytic capacitors, if needed for
output ripple filtering;
Notice that each group of control pins need to be individually driven
and isolated from the other groups control pins. This is because -IN
of each DCM can be at a different voltage due to the common mode
chokes. Attempting to share control pin circuitry could lead to
incorrect behavior of the DCMs.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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DCM290P138T600A40
An array of DCMs used at the full array rated power may generally
have one or more DCMs operating at current limit, due to sharing
errors. Load sharing is functionally managed by the load line.
Thermal balancing is improved by the nominal effective temperature
coefficient of the output voltage setpoint.
Maximum Power Dissipation (W)
DCMs in current limit will operate with higher output current or
power than the rated levels. Therefore the following Thermal Safe
Operating Area plot should be used for array use, or loads that drive
the DCM in to current limit for sustained operation. Top side only
cooling is not recommended for array or current limit operation.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Temperature (°C)
Temperature of:
Case top and leads
Case top & bottom,
and leads
Figure 24 — Maximum Power Dissipation for Array or
Current Limit Operation
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
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DCM290P138T600A40
DCM Module Product Outline Drawing Recommended PCB Footprint and Pinout
47.91±.38
1.886±.015
11.43
.450
23.96
.943
0
1.52
.060
(2) PL.
11.40
.449
0
0
22.80±.13
.898±.005
1.52
.060
(4) pl.
0
1.02
.040
(3) PL.
TOP VIEW (COMPONENT SIDE)
.05 [.002]
7.26±.05
.286±.002
SEATING
PLANE
4.17
.164
(9) PL.
.41
.016
(9) PL.
NOTES:
23.19
.913
0
23.19
.913
1- RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION.
8.25
.325
8.00
.315
2.75
.108
2.75
.108
0
0
1.38
.054
1.38
.054
4.13
.162
8.00
.315
0
8.25
.325
8.00±.08
.315±.003
4.13±.08
.162±.003
1.38±.08
.054±.003
0
2.03
.080
PLATED THRU
.25 [.010]
ANNULAR RING
(2) PL.
2.75±.08
.108±.003
-OUT
AD
0
DA
CL
8.00±.08
.315±.003
8.25±.08
.325±.003
+OUT
+IN
-IN
+OUT
2.75±.08
.108±.003
-OUT
8.25±.08
.325±.003
0
1.38±.08
.054±.003
0
23.19±.08
.913±.003
1.52
.060
PLATED THRU
.25 [.010]
ANNULAR RING
(3) PL.
23.19±.08
.913±.003
BOTTOM VIEW
RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN
(COMPONENT SIDE)
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 23 of 25
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800 927.9474
2.03
.080
PLATED THRU
.38 [.015]
ANNULAR RING
(4) PL.
DCM290P138T600A40
Recommended PCB Footprint for 4623 DCM with Top-side or Dual Heatsink
0
THRU HOLE
SEE NOTE 1
CHIP OUTLINE
0
6123 AND 4623
RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
(NO GROUNDING CLIPS)
TOP SIDE SHOWN
APPLIES TO BOTH THRU HOLE
AND SURFACE MOUNT DEVICES
0
PLATED
THRU HOLE
ANNULAR RING
CHIP OUTLINE
0
0
THRU HOLE
SEE NOTE 1
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 24 of 25
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800 927.9474
6123 AND 4623
RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
(GROUNDING CLIPS)
TOP SIDE SHOWN
APPLIES TO BOTH THRU HOLE
AND SURFACE MOUNT DEVICES
DCM290P138T600A40
Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and
accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom
power systems.
Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make
changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and
is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are
used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all
parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions
All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request.
Product Warranty
In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the
“Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment
and is not transferable.
UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS
ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH
RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, OR ANY OTHER MATTER.
This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. Vicor shall not be liable
for collateral or consequential damage. Vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes
no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using Vicor products and
components. Prior to using or distributing any products that include Vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and
operating safeguards.
Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact
Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be
returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the
product was defective within the terms of this warranty.
Life Support Policy
VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS
PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support
devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform
when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the
user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products
and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages.
Intellectual Property Notice
Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the
products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is
granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department.
The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers:
RE40,072; 7,561,446; 7,920,391; 7,782,639; 8,427,269; 6,421,262 and other patents pending.
Vicor Corporation
25 Frontage Road
Andover, MA, USA 01810
Tel: 800-735-6200
Fax: 978-475-6715
email
Customer Service: [email protected]
Technical Support: [email protected]
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
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