Data Sheet

VTM® Current Multiplier
VTM48MP010x107AA1
S
®
US
C
C
NRTL
US
Sine Amplitude Converter™ (SAC™)
Features
Product Ratings
• 45.6 Vdc to 0.95 Vdc 107 A current multiplier
n Operating from standard 48 V or 24 V
PRM® regulators
n Up to 60 Volts DC input
n K of 1/48 provides up to 107 A DC output current
• High efficiency (>94%) reduces system
power consumption
• High density (1119 A/in3)
• Vicor’s 1323 ChiP package enables
low impedance interconnect to system board
• Provides enable / disable control,
internal temperature monitoring,
internal current monitoring
• ZVS / ZCS resonant Sine Amplitude
Converter topology
• Parallel up to 10 modules
Typical Applications
• Computing and Telecom Systems
n Optimized for the Intel VR12.0 Processor Specification
• Automated Test Equipment
VIN = 0 to 60 V
IOUT = 107 A (nom)
VOUT = 0 to 1.25 V (no load)
K = 1/48
Product Description
The Vicor’s 1323 ChiP VTM current multiplier is a high
efficiency (>94%) Sine Amplitude Converter™ (SAC™)
operating from a 0 to 60 Vdc primary bus to deliver a 0 to
1.25 Vdc low voltage output. The Sine Amplitude Converter
offers a low AC impedance beyond the bandwidth of most
downstream regulators; therefore capacitance normally at the
load can be located at the input to the Sine Amplitude
Converter. Since the K factor of the VTM48MP010x107AA1 is
1/48, the capacitance value can be reduced by a factor of 2304,
resulting in savings of board area, materials and total system
cost.
The VTM48MP010x107AA1 is provided in Vicor’s 1323 ChiP
package compatible with standard pick-and-place assembly
processes. The co-molded ChiP package provides enhanced
thermal management due to a large thermal interface area and
superior thermal conductivity. The high conversion efficiency
of the VTM48MP010x107AA1 increases overall system
efficiency and lowers operating costs compared to conventional
approaches.
The VTM48MP010x107AA1 enables the utilization of
Factorized Power Architecture™ which provides efficiency and
size benefits by lowering conversion and distribution losses
and promoting high density point of load conversion.
• High Density Power Supplies
• Communications Systems
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 1 of 24
08/2015
800 927.9474
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Typical Application
LEXT
VIN
38 V – 60 V
5V
+IN
+OUT
+IN
VCC
+OUT
PI3751
-IN
ENABLE
VOUT
VTM
-OUT
FLT
EAO VDIFF
-IN
Application
-OUT
TM
10K
ENABLE
IMON
SYSTEM ENABLE
VR12.5
EA
Controller
Typical Application: Diagram for use within a Factorized Power, VR12.0 Design
Part Ordering Information
Device
Input Voltage Range
Package Type
Output
Voltage
Temperature Grade
Output Current
Revision
Version
VTM
48M
P
010
x
107
A
A1
VTM = VTM
48M = 0 to 60 V
P = Through hole, 18 pin
010 = 1 V
T = -40 to 125°C
107 = 107 A
A
A1
All products shipped in JEDEC standard high profile (0.400” thick) trays (JEDEC Publication 95, Design Guide 4.10).
Standard Models
Part Number
VIN
Package Type
VOUT
Temperature
Current
Version
VTM48MP010T107AA1
0 to 60 V
Through hole, 18 pin
1V
(0 to 1.25 V)
-40 to 125°C
107 A
A1
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
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VTM48MP010x107AA1
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
1
2
+OUT
A
A +OUT
-OUT
B
B -OUT
+OUT
C
C +OUT
-OUT
D
D -OUT
+OUT
E
E +OUT
-OUT
F
F
EN
G
G TM
VCC
H
H CM
+IN
I
I
-OUT
-IN
1323 device
Pin Numbering and Descriptions
Pin
Number
Signal Name
Type
A1, A2
C1, C2
E1, E2
+OUT
OUTPUT
POWER
Positive output terminal
B1, B2
D1, D2
F1, F2
-OUT
OUTPUT
POWER
RETURN
Negative output terminal
G1
EN
INPUT
To disable VTM in system
G2
TM
OUTPUT
H1
VCC
INPUT
H2
CM
OUTPUT
Current monitor
I1
+IN
INPUT
POWER
Positive input terminal
I2
-IN
INPUT
POWER
RETURN
Negative input terminal
Function
Temperature monitor and Power Good Flag
Power train controller supply
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 3 of 24
08/2015
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VTM48MP010x107AA1
Absolute Maximum Ratings
The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device.
Min
Max
Unit
+IN to –IN
Parameter
-1.0
75
VDC
EN to - IN
-0.3
5.5
VDC
TM to -IN
-0.3
5.5
VDC
VCC to - IN
-0.3
5.5
VDC
CM to - IN
0
5.5
VDC
N/A
VDC
0.2
VDC
-1.0
4
VDC
+ IN / - IN to + OUT / - OUT (hipot)
Comments
Non-isolated VTM
+ IN / - IN to + OUT / - OUT (working)
+ OUT to - OUT
Internal Operating
Temperature
T Grade
-40
125
°C
Storage
Temperature
T Grade
-40
125
°C
Electrical Specifications
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-40°C ≤ TINT ≤ 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TINT = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
60
Vdc
1000
V/ms
N/A
V
Powertrain
Input voltage range
VIN
VCC applied
VIN slew rate
dVIN/dt
VIN UV turn off
VIN_UV
Total No Load power dissipation
PNL
0
This protection is disabled for this product
N/A
VIN = 45.6 V
1.3
VIN = 0 V to 60 V
2.5
VIN = 45.6 V, TC = 25ºC
0.98
VIN = 0 V to 60 V, TC = 25ºC
W
1.2
2.0
VCC enable, VIN = 45.6 V, COUT = 64400 µF,
Inrush current peak
IINRP
RLOAD = 8.10 mΩ (See start up operation VCC
DC input current
IIN_DC
N/A
N/A
A
2.35
A
applied after input voltage)
Transfer ratio
Output voltage
K
Steady state
K = VOUT/VIN, IOUT = 0 A
VOUT
1/48
VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT, IOUT = 0 A
0
V/V
1.25
V
Output current (average)
IOUT_AVG
Steady state (See safe operating area)
107
A
Output current (peak)
IOUT_PK
TPEAK ≤ 2 ms, IOUT_AVG < 107 A, transient, duty cycle = 25%
140
A
122
W
Output power (average)
POUT_AVG
IOUT_AVG ≤ 107 A
VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 107 A
Efficiency (ambient)
hAMB
86.5
VIN = 26 V to 60 V, IOUT = 107 A
76.9
VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 53.5 A
91.3
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 4 of 24
08/2015
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88.9
%
93.1
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Electrical Specifications (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-40°C ≤ TINT ≤ 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TINT = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Efficiency (hot)
hHOT
Powertrain (Cont.)
VIN = 45.6 V, TC = 100°C, IOUT = 107 A
Efficiency (over load range)
h20%
21.4 A < IOUT < 107 A
Min
Typ
84.7
86.9
Max
Unit
%
74
%
Output resistance (cold)
ROUT_COLD
TC = -40°C, IOUT = 107 A
0.51
0.64
0.78
mΩ
Output resistance (ambient)
ROUT_AMB
TC = 25°C, IOUT = 107 A
0.58
0.78
0.97
mΩ
Output resistance (hot)
ROUT_HOT
TC = 100°C, IOUT = 107 A
0.78
0.96
1.13
mΩ
1.38
1.47
1.56
MHz
2.76
2.94
3.12
MHz
10
20
mV
Switching frequency
Output ripple frequency
Output voltage ripple
Output inductance (parasitic)
FSW
FSW_RP
VOUT_PP
LOUT_PAR
Output capacitance (internal)
COUT_INT
Output capacitance (external)
COUT
Overvoltage lockout
Overvoltage lockout
response time constant
VIN_OVLO+
TOVLO
COUT = 10000 µF, IOUT = 107 A, VIN = 45.6 V,
20 MHz BW
Frequency up to 30 MHz,
Effective Value at 0.95 VOUT
Protection
This protection is disabled for this product
IOCP
Short circuit protection trip current
ISCP
VTM latches after fault
TOCP
Effective internal RC filter (Integrative).
response time constant
Short circuit protection response time
Thermal shutdown setpoint
Reverse inrush current protection
N/A
Effective internal RC filter
Output overcurrent trip
Output overcurrent
pH
300
µF
N/A
64400
µF
N/A
V
N/A
N/A
TSCP
270
Simulated leads model
N/A
µs
N/A
260
From detection to cessation
A
A
N/A
ms
1
µs
of switching (Instantaneous)
TINT_OTP
125
Reverse Inrush protection is enabled for this product
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 5 of 24
08/2015
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130
135
ºC
VTM48MP010x107AA1
125
Output Current (A)
107 A continuous Output Current
100
75
50
25
0
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
95
105
115
125
Temperature (°C)
Top only at temperature
Top and leads at temperature
Leads only at temperature
Figure 1 — Safe thermal operating area
160
160
140
140
Output Current (A)
Output Power (W)
< 2 ms, 140 A Maximum Peak Current Region
120
100
80
60
40
120
107 A Maximum Average Current Region, case temperature < 100 °C
100
95 A Maximum Average Current Region, case temperature < 100 °C
80
60
40
20
20
0
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0
60
5
10
15
20
Input Voltage (V)
P (ave_60V)
25
30
35
P (ave), t < 2ms
P (ave_60 V)
P (ave_55V)
P (ave), t < 2ms
Figure 2 — Safe electrical operating area
Output Current (A)
140
120
< 2 ms, 140 A Peak Current Region
107 A Average Current Region, case temperature < 100 °C
100
80
40
45
50
55
Input Voltage (V)
95 A Average Current Region, case temperature <100 °C
Limited by ROUT
60
40
20
0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
Output Voltage (V)
I (ave_60V)
I (pk), t < 2ms
I (ave_55V)
Figure 3 — Safe electrical operating area
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
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08/2015
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P (ave_55 V)
60
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Signal Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-40°C ≤ TINT ≤ 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TINT = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
VTM VCC Supply: VCC
• PRM® can be used as valid wake-up signal source.
• VCC voltage must be continuously applied with the limit specified.
• Used to wake up powertrain circuit.
• A minimum of 4.85 V must be applied indefinitely for entire
input voltage range to ensure normal operation.
SIGNAL TYPE
STATE
ATTRIBUTE
External VCC voltage
SYMBOL
VVCC_EXT
Steady
ANALOG
INPUT
Start Up
VCC current draw
IVCC
VCC inrush current
IINR_VCC
VCC to VOUT turn-on delay
Transitional
TON
CONDITIONS / NOTES
Required for start up, and steady state
operation.
MIN
TYP
4.85
VCC = 4.85 V, Vin = 0 V
88
Fault mode. VCC > 4.85 V
25
VCC = 5.35 V, dVCC/dt = 1000 V/ms
VIN pre-applied, EN floating,
VCC enable, CEN = 0 µF, COUT = COUT_EXT(MAX)
VCC to EN delay
TVCC_EN
VCC = 4.85 V to EN high, VIN = 0 V,
dVCC/dt = 1000 V/ms
Internal VCC capacitance
CVCC_INT
VCC = 0 V
23
MAX
UNIT
5.35
V
115
mA
1
A
28
34
ms
0.2
0.3
ms
1
µF
ENABLE: EN
• The EN pin disables the VTM module.
When held below 0.9 V, the VTM module will be disabled.
• EN pin outputs 4.7 V minimum during normal operation. EN pin is equal to
4.7 V minimum during fault mode given VCC > 4.85 V and floating EN pin.
SIGNAL TYPE
STATE
ANALOG
OUTPUT
Steady
Start Up
Enable
DIGITAL
INPUT/
OUTPUT
Disable
Transitional
ATTRIBUTE
EN voltage
SYMBOL
• Module will shutdown when pulled low with an impedance
less than 400 Ω.
CONDITIONS / NOTES
VEN
EN source current
MIN
4.7
IEN_OP
EN source current
IEN_EN
EN voltage
VEN_EN
EN voltage (disable)
VEN_DIS
TYP
MAX
5
5.3
50
EN resistance (external)
REN_EXT
Connected to -IN. Min value to guarantee
startup (open circuit OK), EN >1.5 V
EN disable time
TEN_DIS_T
From EN pulled low to VTM stops switching
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 7 of 24
08/2015
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1
30
V
µA
50
0.9
UNIT
µA
1.1
V
0.9
V
kΩ
1.2
µs
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Signal Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-40°C ≤ TINT ≤ 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TINT = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Current Monitor: CM
• The CM pin voltage varies between 0 V and 3.03 V representing the
output current within ±20% under all operating line temperature
conditions between 0% and 100% load.
SIGNAL TYPE
STATE
ATTRIBUTE
CM Voltage (No Load)
ANALOG
OUTPUT
CM Voltage (50%)
Steady
CM Voltage (Full Load)
CM Gain
the output current of the VTM module.
SYMBOL
VCM_NL
CONDITIONS / NOTES
TINT = 25ºC, VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 0 A
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
0
0.03
0.05
V
VCM_50%
TINT = 25ºC, VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 53.5 A
1.57
VCM_FL
TINT = 25ºC, VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 107 A
3.03
V
30
mV/A
ACM
CM Resistance (External)
• The CM pin provides a DC analog voltage proportional to
TINT = 25ºC, VIN = 45.6 V, 0% ≤ IOUT ≤ 100%
RCM_EXT
V
2.5
MΩ
Temperature Monitor: TM
• The TM pin monitors the internal temperature of the VTM controller IC
within an accuracy of ±5 °C.
• Can be used as a "Power Good" flag to verify that
the VTM module is operating.
SIGNAL TYPE
STATE
ATTRIBUTE
TM voltage
ANALOG
OUTPUT
DIGITAL
OUTPUT
(FAULT FLAG)
Steady
Steady
Transitional
• The TM pin has a room temperature setpoint of 3 V
and approximate gain of 10 mV/K.
• Output drives Temperature Shutdown comparator
SYMBOL
VTM_AMB
TM source current
ITM
TM gain
ATM
CONDITIONS / NOTES
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
TINT controller = 27°C, ITM <100 µA
2.85
3
3.15
V
100
10
TM voltage ripple
VTM_PP
CTM = 0 F, VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 107 A
150
TM disable voltage
VTM_DIS
PGOOD deasserted
0.2
TM Enable Source Current
ITM_EN
TM Fault Sink Current
ITM_FAULT
TM capacitance (external)
CTM_EXT
TM fault response time
TFR_TM
TM > 1 V
20
TM ≤ 0.1 V, Fault state
1
350
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 8 of 24
08/2015
800 927.9474
mV
V
mA
mA
100
From fault detection to TM driven low
µA
mV/K
0.02
pF
µs
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 9 of 24
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Output
Voltage
Input
Voltage
TM
TINT_OTP
CM
ENABLE
VEN
VVCC_EXT
VCC UV
C
A
TON
VC
PP
L
D
IE
N
VI
A
L
PP
D
IE
W
D
SE
LE
D
A
C
E
Y
LL ELE
C
U
E
R
P
R
N
N
EN E
VI
LO
D
LE
VE
LT ON
C
O
Y
U I
M
FA DIT
EC
E
R
R
N
TM ON
N
VI
VI
C
VC
C
R
O
EM
D
VE
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Timing Diagram
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Application Characteristics
The following values, typical of an application environment, are collected at TC = 25 ºC unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
ATTRIBUTE
SYMBOL
Total No load power dissipation
CONDITIONS / NOTES
TYP
UNIT
PNL
VIN = 45.6 V, VTM enabled
1.0
W
Efficiency (ambient)
hAMB
VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 107 A
88.2
%
Efficiency (hot)
hHOT
VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 107 A, TC = 100ºC
86.0
%
Output resistance (cold)
ROUT_COLD
VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 107 A, TC = -40ºC
0.72
mΩ
Output resistance (ambient)
ROUT_AMB
VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 107 A
0.85
mΩ
Output resistance (hot)
ROUT_HOT
VIN = 45.6 V, IOUT = 107 A, TC = 100ºC
1.04
mΩ
Output voltage ripple
VOUT_PP
COUT = 0 F, IOUT = 107 A, VIN = 45.6 V, 20 MHz BW
130
mV
VOUT transient (positive)
VOUT_TRAN+
IOUT_STEP = 0 A to 107 A, VIN = 45.6 V, ISLEW = 25 A/µs
20
mV
VOUT transient (negative)
VOUT_TRAN-
IOUT_STEP = 107 A to 0 A, VIN = 45.6 V, ISLEW = 25 A/µs
20
mV
92
Full Load Efficiency (%)
1
88
84
80
76
0
72
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
-40
-20
0
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
-40°C
25°C
100°C
VIN:
60
80
100
26 V
45.6 V
60 V
36
96
36
92
32
92
32
88
28
88
28
84
24
84
24
80
20
80
20
76
16
76
16
72
12
PD
68
8
Efficiency (%)
96
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
40
Figure 5 — Full load efficiency vs. case temperature
Figure 4 — Total no load power dissipation vs. input voltage
72
4
64
60
0
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110
45.6 V
60 V
26 V
8
4
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110
Load Current (A)
Load Current (A)
26 V
12
PD
68
64
0
VIN:
20
Case Temperature (°C)
Power Dissipation (W)
Total No Load
Power Dissipation (W)
2
45.6 V
Figure 6 — Efficiency and power dissipation at –40°C
case temperature
60 V
VIN:
26 V
45.6 V
60 V
26 V
45.6 V
Figure 7 — Efficiency and power dissipation at 25°C
case temperature
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 10 of 24
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60 V
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Application Characteristics (Cont.)
36
92
32
88
28
84
24
80
20
76
16
72
12
PD
68
1.2
8
64
1.1
ROUT (mW)
96
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
The following values, typical of an application environment, are collected at TC = 25 ºC unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
4
60
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.6
100 110
-40
-20
Load Current (A)
VIN:
26 V
45.6 V
60 V
26 V
45.6 V
0
20
40
60
80
100
Case Temperature (°C)
60 V
IOUT:
107 A
Figure 9 — Output resistance (ROUT) vs. case temperature at
45.6 V nominal input voltage
Figure 8 — Efficiency and power dissipation at 100°C
case temperature
150
VRIPPLE (mVPK-PK)
125
100
75
50
25
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110
Load Current (A)
VIN:
26 V
45.6 V
60 V
Figure 10 — Output voltage ripple (VRIPPLE) vs. Load (IOUT);
No external COUT.
Figure 11 — Full load ripple, 100 µF CIN; No external COUT.
Figure 12 — Start up from application of VIN ;
VCC pre-applied COUT = 10000 µF
Figure 13 — Start up from application of VCC;
VIN pre-applied COUT = 10000 µF
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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800 927.9474
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Application Characteristics (Cont.)
The following values, typical of an application environment, are collected at TC = 25 ºC unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
Figure 15 — 107 A – 0 A transient response:
C IN = 100 µF, no external COUT
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
CM (V)
CM (V)
Figure 14 — 0 A – 107 A transient response:
C IN = 100 µF, no external COUT
2.0
1.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110
0
10
20
TCASE:
-40°C
25°C
VIN:
100°C
Figure 16 — CM voltage vs. load current at 45.6 V nominal
input voltage
3.0
CM (V)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
TCASE (°C)
VIN:
26 V
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110
45.6 V
26 V
45.6 V
60 V
Figure 17 — CM voltage vs. load current at 25°C case temperature
3.5
-40
30
Load Current (A)
Load Current (A)
60 V
Figure 18 — 107 A Full load CM voltage vs. case
temperature (TCASE)
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 12 of 24
08/2015
800 927.9474
VTM48MP010x107AA1
General Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-40°C ≤ TINT ≤ 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TINT = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Mechanical
Length
L
22.37 / [0.881] 22.50 / [0.886] 22.63 / [0.891] mm/[in]
Width
W
15.09 / [0.594] 15.47 / [0.609] 15.85 / [0.624] mm/[in]
Height
H
Volume
Vol
Weight
W
4.45 / [0.175] 4.50 / [0.177]
No heat sink
4.55 / [0.179]
5.8 / [0.205]
Nickel
Lead finish
0.51
mm/[in]
cm3/[in3]
1.57 / [0.096]
g/[oz]
2.03
Palladium
0.02
0.15
Gold
0.003
0.051
-40
125
µm
Thermal
Operating temperature
Thermal resistance top side
TINT
fINT-TOP
Thermal resistance leads
fINT-LEADS
Thermal resistance bottom side
fINT-BELLY
T-Grade
Estimated thermal resistance to
maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal top
Estimated thermal resistance to
maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal leads
Estimated thermal resistance to
maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal bottom
Thermal capacity
°C
3.7
°C/W
2.5
°C/W
3.3
°C/W
4.25
Ws/°C
Assembly
Peak compressive force
Supported by leads only
applied to case (Z-axis)
Storage temperature
TST
T-Grade
-40
ESDHBM
Human Body Model,
"JEDEC JESD 22-A114C.01"
2000
ESDCDM
Charge Device Model,
"JEDEC JESD 22-C101-C"
500
ESD withstand
5
lbs
9.27
lbs/in2
125
°C
Vdc
Soldering
Peak temperature during reflow
MSL TBD
245
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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°C
VTM48MP010x107AA1
General Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-40°C ≤ TINT ≤ 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TINT = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Safety
Isolation voltage (hipot)
VHIPOT
Non isolated VTM
Isolation capacitance
CIN_OUT
Unpowered unit
Isolation resistance
RIN_OUT
MTBF
N/A
0.22
µF
1
Ω
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count;
25ºC Ground Benign, Stationary,
Indoors / Computer Profile
3.79
MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method I Case III;
Ground Benign, Controlled
8.82
MHrs
cTUVus
Agency approvals / standards
cURus
CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive, as applicable
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 14 of 24
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VTM48MP010x107AA1
Using the Control Signals VCC, EN, TM, CM
Start Up Behavior
VCC: The VTM VCC Supply
This pin is an input pin which powers the internal VCC circuit within
the specified voltage range of 4.85 V to 5.35 V. This voltage is required
for VTM current multiplier start up and must be applied for entire
input voltage range.
Depending on the sequencing of the VCC with respect to the input
voltage, the behavior during start-up will vary as follows:
in presence of VCC is required in order to restart the unit, provided
the EN pin is floating.
TM: Temperature Monitor
This pin provides a voltage proportional to the absolute temperature
of the converter control IC.
It can be used to accomplish the following functions:
n Monitor the control IC temperature: The temperature in
Kelvin is equal to the voltage on the TM pin scaled
by 100. (i.e. 3.0 V = 300 K = 27ºC). If a heat sink is applied,
TM can be used to thermally protect the system.
n Fault detection flag: The TM voltage source is internally
recommended to start up the VTM in this order): In this case the
VTM module output will begin to rise upon the application of the
VCC voltage (See Figure 13). However, the Adaptive Soft Start Circuit
is disabled internal to VTM and start-up current will be unlimited.
When VCC applied, EN and CM signal appear after VCC crosses its
under-voltage point. TM and output voltage signal appear after
delay of TON time with respect to EN signal. In this mode of start-up,
input voltage is applied prior to VCC. So input capacitance is already
charged prior to VCC applied. When VCC applied, VTM powertrain
generates the output voltage and charges the output capacitance. In
this mode of operation inrush is due to the output capacitance. The
following diagram shows the power up sequence for such mode of
operation. This product requires an external soft start circuit to limit
inrush current in this mode of operation. This product does not
support the auto-restart feature in fault conditions.
V
IN
This pin provides a voltage proportional to the output current of the
VTM module. The nominal voltage will vary between
0.03 V and 3.03 V over the output current range of the VTM module
(See Figures 16 - 18). The accuracy of the CM pin will be within (±20%)
under all line and temperature conditions between 0% and 100% load.
LI
PP
A
C
CM: Current Monitor
VC
A
PP
LI
ED
ED
turned off as soon as a fault is detected. For system
monitoring purposes (microcontroller interface) faults are
detected on falling edges of TM signal.
ED
n EN pulled low of VTM module is latching. Recycle of input voltage
n Start up operation (VCC applied after Input voltage. It is not
D
to disable the module. Pull down impedance shall be lower
than 400 Ω.
LI
This pin can be used to accomplish the following functions:
n Output disable: EN pin can be actively pulled down in order
VE
EN: ENABLE
PP
Recycle of input voltage in presence of VCC is required in order to
restart the unit, provided the EN pin is floating.
A
n The fault response of the VTM module is latching.
C
continuous operation for entire input voltage range of VTM.
VC
n The VCC voltage must be applied indefinitely allowing for
In this case the controller is active prior to ramping the input
voltage. In this mode of operation, EN signal and CM signal appear
when VCC crosses its under-voltage point. TM signal appearance is
delayed by about TON time from EN signal. CM signal goes to 0 V
when TM signal appears with no input voltage applied. It is
recommended to apply the input voltage after TM signal
appearance. When the input voltage is applied, the VTM module
output voltage will track the input (See Figure 12). The inrush
current is determined by the input voltage rate of rise, input and
output capacitance. If the VCC voltage is removed prior to the input
reaching 0 V, the VTM may shut down. This mode of operation is
recommended when this VTM operates with upstream
regulator such as PRM. Timing diagram shows the power up
sequence for such mode of operation.
TM
VC FA
C UL
R T
EM
O
Some additional notes on the using the VCC pin:
n Normal start up operation (VCC applied prior to Input voltage):
VVCC_EXT
VCC UV
VEN
ENABLE
CM
TINT_OTP
TON
TM
Input
Voltage
Output
Voltage
Figure 19 — VCC applied after Input Voltage
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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TON
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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Page 16 of 24
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CM
TM
EN
VCC
-IN
+IN
Input Over
Voltage
Protection
+VIN
Current
Monitor
Input Under
Voltage
Protection
+VIN
Under
Temperature
Protection
Over
Temperature
Protection
Temperature
Monitor
Bias Voltage
EN
Enable,
Startup
and
Fault Logic
Soft-Start Logic
Modulator (Gate Drive
Timing)
Primary Gate Drivers
C2
C1
Cr
Primary Side:
Half Bridge
-IN
Slow Current Limit
(Output Current
Limit)
Fast Current Limit
(Short-Circuit Current
Limit)
-IN
1 OHM
0.22 uF
Power
Transformer
Enable
Secondary
Gate Drivers
Differential
Current Sensing
Q2
Q1
Reverse Current
Protection
Secondary Gate
Drivers and gate
drive level
-OUT
Q6
Q5
Secondary
Side: Center
tape with
Synchronous
Rectification
COUT
-OUT
+OUT
VTM48MP010x107AA1
VTM Module Block Diagram
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Sine Amplitude Converter™ Point of Load Conversion
83 pH
IOUT
IOUT
LIN = 0.27 nH
+
VININ
V
OUT
RROUT
LOUT = 270 pH
0.78 mΩ
R
RCIN
CIN
9 mΩ
CCININ
0.1 Ω
V•I
1/48 • IOUT
+
+
0.25 µF
IIQQ
–
17 mA
RRCOUT
COUT
+
120 µΩ
1/48 • VIN
COUT
COUT
300 µF
–
VOUT
V
OUT
K
–
–
Figure 20 — VI Chip® product AC model
The Sine Amplitude Converter (SAC™) uses a high frequency resonant
tank to move energy from input to output. (The resonant tank is
formed by Cr and leakage inductance Lr in the power transformer
windings as shown in the VTM Module Block Diagram). The resonant
LC tank, operated at high frequency, is amplitude modulated as a
function of input voltage and output current. A small amount of
capacitance embedded in the input and output stages of the module is
sufficient for full functionality and is key to achieving power density.
The VTM48MP010x107AA1 SAC can be simplified into the following
model:
The use of DC voltage transformation provides additional interesting
attributes. Assuming that ROUT = 0 Ω and IQ = 0 A, Eq. (3) now becomes
Eq. (1) and is essentially load independent, resistor R is now placed in
series with VIN as shown in Figure 21.
R
R
VIN
Vin
+
–
SAC™
SAC
K=
= 1/32
1/48
K
VOUT
Vout
At no load:
VOUT = VIN • K
(1)
Figure 21 — K = 1/48 Sine Amplitude Converter
with series input resistor
K represents the “turns ratio” of the SAC.
Rearranging Eq (1):
K=
The relationship between VIN and VOUT becomes:
VOUT
VIN
(2)
VOUT = (VIN – IIN • RIN) • K
In the presence of load, VOUT is represented by:
Substituting the simplified version of Eq. (4)
(IQ is assumed = 0 A) into Eq. (5) yields:
VOUT = VIN • K – IOUT • ROUT
(3)
VOUT = VIN • K – IOUT • RIN • K2
and IOUT is represented by:
IOUT =
(5)
IIN – IQ
K
(4)
ROUT represents the impedance of the SAC, and is a function of the
RDSON of the input and output MOSFETs and the winding resistance of
the power transformer. IQ represents the quiescent current of the SAC
control and gate drive circuitry.
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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(6)
VTM48MP010x107AA1
This is similar in form to Eq. (3), where ROUT is used to represent the
characteristic impedance of the SAC™. However, in this case a real R on
the input side of the SAC is effectively scaled by K2 with respect to the
output.
Assuming that R = 1 Ω, the effective R as seen from the secondary side
is 0.43 mΩ, with K = 1/48 as shown in Figure 21.
A similar exercise should be performed with the addition of a capacitor
or shunt impedance at the input to the SAC.
A switch in series with Vin is added to the circuit. This is depicted in
Figure 22.
A solution for keeping the impedance of the SAC low involves
switching at a high frequency. This enables small magnetic components
because magnetizing currents remain low. Small magnetics mean small
path lengths for turns. Use of low loss core material at high frequencies
also reduces core losses.
SS
VVin
IN
+
–
Low impedance is a key requirement for powering a high-current, low
voltage load efficiently. A switching regulation stage should have
minimal impedance while simultaneously providing appropriate
filtering for any switched current. The use of a SAC between the
regulation stage and the point of load provides a dual benefit of scaling
down series impedance leading back to the source and scaling up shunt
capacitance or energy storage as a function of its K factor squared.
However, the benefits are not useful if the series impedance of the SAC
is too high. The impedance of the SAC must be low, i.e. well beyond the
crossover frequency of the system.
C
C
SAC™
SAC
K = 1/48
K = 1/32
VVout
OUT
Figure 22 — Sine Amplitude Converter™ with input capacitor
The two main terms of power loss in the VTM module are:
- No load power dissipation (PNL): defined as the power
used to power up the module with an enabled powertrain
at no load. It includes the components due to input voltage and
VCC voltage.
- Resistive loss (ROUT): refers to the power loss across
the VTM module modeled as pure resistive impedance.
PDISSIPATED = PNL + PROUT
A change in VIN with the switch closed would result in a change in
capacitor current according to the following equation:
IC(t) = C
dVIN
dt
Therefore,
(7)
Assume that with the capacitor charged to VIN, the switch is opened
and the capacitor is discharged through the idealized SAC. In this case,
IC= IOUT • K
(10)
POUT = PIN – PDISSIPATED = PIN – PNL – PROUT
The above relations can be combined to calculate the overall module
efficiency:
(8)
h =
(9)
=
POUT = PIN – PNL – PROUT
PIN
PIN
Substituting Eq. (1) and (8) into Eq. (7) reveals:
IOUT =
C • dVOUT
K2
dt
The equation in terms of the output has yielded a K2 scaling factor for
C, specified in the denominator of the equation.
A K factor less than unity, results in an effectively larger capacitance on
the output when expressed in terms of the input. With a K = 1/48 as
shown in Figure 22, C = 1 μF would appear as C = 2304 μF when viewed
from the output.
(11)
VIN • IIN – PNL – (IOUT)2 • ROUT
VIN • IIN
= 1–
(
)
PNL + (IOUT)2 • ROUT
VIN • IIN
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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(12)
VTM48MP010x107AA1
Input and Output Filter Design
Capacitive Filtering Considerations for a
Sine Amplitude Converter™
A major advantage of a SAC™ system versus a conventional PWM
converter is that the former does not require large functional filters.
The resonant LC tank, operated at extreme high frequency, is amplitude
modulated as a function of input voltage and output current and
efficiently transfers charge through the isolation transformer. A small
amount of capacitance embedded in the input and output stages of the
module is sufficient for full functionality and is key to achieving high
power density.
This paradigm shift requires system design to carefully evaluate
external filters in order to:
n Guarantee low source impedance:
To take full advantage of the VTM current multiplier
dynamic response, the impedance presented to its input
terminals must be low from DC to approximately 5 MHz.
Input capacitance may be added to improve transient
performance or compensate for high source impedance.
n Further reduce input and/or output voltage ripple without
sacrificing dynamic response:
Given the wide bandwidth of the VTM module, the source
response is generally the limiting factor in the overall
system response. Anomalies in the response of the source
will appear at the output of the VTM module multiplied by
its K factor.
n Protect the module from overvoltage transients imposed
by the system that would exceed maximum ratings and
cause failures:
The module input/output voltage ranges shall not be
exceeded. An internal overvoltage lockout function
prevents operation outside of the normal operating input
range. Even when disabled, the powertrain is exposed
to the applied voltage and power MOSFETs must
withstand it.
The VI Chip® module input/output voltage ranges must
not be exceeded. An internal overvoltage lockout function
prevents operation outside of the normal operating input
range. Even during this condition, the powertrain is
exposed to the applied voltage and power MOSFETs must
withstand it.
It is important to consider the impact of adding input and output
capacitance to a Sine Amplitude Converter on the system as a whole.
Both the capacitance value and the effective impedance of the
capacitor must be considered.
A Sine Amplitude Converter has a DC Rout value which has already
been discussed. The AC Rout of the SAC contains several terms:
n Resonant tank impedance
n Input lead inductance and internal capacitance
n Output lead inductance and internal capacitance
The values of these terms are shown in the behavioral mode. It is
important to note on which side of the transformer these impedances
appear and how they reflect across the transformer given the K factor.
The overall AC impedance varies from model to model. For most
models it is dominated by DC Rout value from DC to beyond 500 KHz.
The behavioral model should be used to approximate the AC
impedance of the specific model.
Any capacitors placed at the output of the VTM reflect back to the input
of the VTM module by the square of the K factor (Eq. 9) with the
impedance of the VTM module appearing in series. It is very important
to keep this in mind when using a PRM® regulator to power the VTM
module. Most PRM modules have a limit on the maximum amount of
capacitance that can be applied to the output. This capacitance includes
both the PRM output capacitance and the VTM module output
capacitance reflected back to the input. In PRM remote sense
applications, it is important to consider the reflected value of VTM
module output capacitance when designing and compensating the
PRM control loop.
Capacitance placed at the input of the VTM module appear to the load
reflected by the K factor with the impedance of the VTM module in
series. In step-down ratios, the effective capacitance is increased by the
K factor. The effective ESR of the capacitor is decreased by the square of
the K factor, but the impedance of the module appears in series. Still, in
most step-down VTM modules an electrolytic capacitor placed at the
input of the module will have a lower effective impedance compared to
an electrolytic capacitor placed at the output. This is important to
consider when placing capacitors at the output of the module. Even
though the capacitor may be placed at the output, the majority of the
AC current will be sourced from the lower impedance, which in most
cases will be the module. This should be studied carefully in any
system design using a module. In most cases, it should be clear that
electrolytic output capacitors are not necessary to design a stable,
well-bypassed system.
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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Page 19 of 24
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VTM48MP010x107AA1
Current Sharing
Reverse Inrush Current Protection
The SAC™ topology bases its performance on efficient transfer of energy
through a transformer without the need of closed loop control. For this
reason, the transfer characteristic can be approximated by an ideal
current multiplier with some resistive drop and positive temperature
coefficient.
The VTM48MP010x107AA1 provides reverse inrush protection which
prevents reverse current flow until the input voltage is high enough to
first establish current flow in the forward direction. In the event that
there is a DC voltage present on the output before the VTM module is
powered up, this feature protects sensitive loads from excessive dV/dT
during power up as shown in Figure 24.
This type of characteristic is close to the impedance characteristic of a
DC power distribution system, both in behavior (AC dynamic) and
absolute value (DC dynamic).
When connected in an array with the same K factor, the VTM module
will inherently share the load current (typically 5%) with parallel units
according to the equivalent impedance divider that the system
implements from the power source to the point of load.
Some general recommendations to achieve matched array impedances:
If a voltage is present at the output of the VTM module which satisfies
the condition Vout > Vin • K after a successful power up the energy will
be transferred from secondary to primary. The input to output ratio of
the VTM module will be maintained. The VTM module will continue to
operate in reverse as long as the input and output voltages are within
the specified range. The VTM48MP010x107AA1 has not been qualified
for continuous reverse operation.
n Dedicate common copper planes within the PCB
Current Multiplier
to deliver and return the current to the modules.
TM
VCC
EN
CM
n Provide the PCB layout as symmetric as possible.
n Apply same input / output filters (if present) to each unit.
For further details see AN:016 Using
in High Power Arrays.
ZIN_EQ1
VIN
BCM®
R
Bus Converters
VIN
VTM®1
ZOUT_EQ1
R
VTM®
A
VOUT
B
+In
+Out
-In
-Out
CD
+
_
E
F
G
Supply
H
RO_1
VCC
ZIN_EQ2
+
–
VTM®2
VIN
ZOUT_EQ2
RO_2
Supply
DC
Load
VIN
VOUT
ZIN_EQn
VTM®n
ZOUT_EQn
RO_n
VOUT
Supply
TM
Figure 23 — VTM current multiplier array
EN
Fuse Selection
In order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems
VI Chip® products are not internally fused. Input line fusing
of VI Chip products is recommended at system level to provide thermal
protection in case of catastrophic failure.
A: VOUT supply > 0 V
B: VCC to -IN > 4.85 V controller wakes-up, EN pulled
high, reverse inrush protection blocks VOUT supplying VIN
C: VIN supply ramps up
D: VIN > VOUT /K, powertrain starts in normal mode
The fuse shall be selected by closely matching system
requirements with the following characteristics:
E: VIN supply ramps down
n Current rating (usually greater than maximum current
F: VIN > VOUT /K, powertrain transfers reverse energy
G: VOUT ramps down, VIN follows
of VTM module)
n Maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum
possible input voltage)
H: VCC turns off
Figure 24 — Reverse inrush protection
n Ambient temperature
n Nominal melting I2t
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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VTM48MP010x107AA1
Thermal Considerations
The ChiP package provides a high degree of flexibility in that it presents
three pathways to remove heat from internal power dissipating
components. Heat may be removed from the top surface, the bottom
surface and the leads. The extent to which these three surfaces are
cooled is a key component for determining the maximum power that is
available from a ChiP.
Since the ChiP has a maximum internal temperature rating, it is
necessary to estimate this internal temperature based on a real thermal
solution. Given that there are three pathways to remove heat from the
ChiP, it is helpful to simplify the thermal solution into a roughly
equivalent circuit where power dissipation is modeled as a current
source, isothermal surface temperatures are represented as voltage
sources and the thermal resistances are represented as resistors.
Figure 25 shows the “thermal circuit” for a 1323 ChiP VTM in an
application where the top, bottom, and leads are cooled. In this case,
the VTM power dissipation is PDTOTAL and the three surface
temperatures are represented as TCASE_TOP, TCASE_BOTTOM, and TLEADS. This
thermal system can now be very easily analyzed using a SPICE
simulator with simple resistors, voltage sources, and a current source.
The results of the simulation would provide an estimate of heat flow
through the various pathways as well as internal temperature.
Thermal Resistance Top
Figure 26 shows a scenario where there is no bottom side cooling. In
this case, the heat flow path to the bottom is left open and the
equations now simplify to:
TINT – PD1 • 3.7 = TCASE_TOP
TINT – PD3 • 2.5 = TLEADS
PDTOTAL = PD1 + PD3
Thermal Resistance Top
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Power Dissipation (W)
TCASE_BOTTOM(°C)
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
Thermal Resistance Leads
TLEADS(°C)
TCASE_TOP(°C)
+
–
Figure 27 — One side cooling thermal model
Figure 27 shows a scenario where there is no bottom side and leads
cooling. In this case, the heat flow path to the bottom is left open and
the equations now simplify to:
TINT – PD1 • 3.7 = TCASE_TOP
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
PDTOTAL = PD1
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Power Dissipation (W)
TCASE_BOTTOM(°C)
Thermal Resistance Leads
+
–
TLEADS(°C)
+
–
TCASE_TOP(°C)
+
–
Please note that Vicor has a suite of online tools, including a simulator
and thermal estimator which greatly simplify the task of determining
whether or not a VTM thermal configuration is valid for a given
condition. These tools can be found at:
http://www.vicorpower.com/powerbench.
Figure 25 — Double side cooling and leads thermal model
Alternatively, equations can be written around this circuit and
analyzed algebraically:
TINT – PD1 • 3.7 = TCASE_TOP
TINT – PD2 • 3.3 = TCASE_BOTTOM
TINT – PD3 • 2.5 = TLEADS
PDTOTAL = PD1+ PD2+ PD3
Where TINT represents the internal temperature and PD1, PD2, and PD3
represent the heat flow through the top side, bottom side, and leads
respectively.
Thermal Resistance Top
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Power Dissipation (W)
TCASE_BOTTOM(°C)
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
Thermal Resistance Leads
TLEADS(°C)
+
–
TCASE_TOP(°C)
+
–
Figure 26 — One side cooling and leads thermal model
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
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VTM48MP010x107AA1
Product Outline Drawing and Recommended Land Pattern - Through Hole
7.74
.305
7.10
.280
0
0
1.14
.045
(10) PL.
7.80
.307
7.10
.280
15.47±.38
.609±.015
9.66
.380
(2) PL.
11.25
.443
0
0
.51
.020
(4) PL.
22.50±.13
.886±.005
0
0
0
10.32
.406
(2) PL.
1.47
.058
(2) PL.
3.98
.157
(2) PL.
6.18
.243
(2) PL.
.89
.035
(2) PL.
TOP VIEW (COMPONENT SIDE)
8.19
.323
(2) PL.
BOTTOM VIEW
.05 [.002]
SEATING
PLANE
1.26
.050
(2) PL.
0
1.02
.040
(2) PL.
6.93
.273
(2) PL.
4.20
.165
(2) PL.
NOTES:
4.50±.05
.177±.002
1- RoHS COMPLIANT, LEAD FREE PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION.
2- SEE SHEET 2 FOR RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN.
.30
.012
(18) PL.
7.10±.08
.280±.003
1.50
.059
PLATED THRU
.25 [.010]
ANNULAR RING
(2) PL., MARKED 'A'
0
7.10±.08
.280±.003
3.30
.130
(18) PL.
1.50
.059
PLATED THRU
.25 [.010]
ANNULAR RING
(8) PL.
MARKED 'B'
9.66±.08
.380±.003
(2) PL.
A
B
B
1.75
.069
(8) PL.
MARKED 'B'
B
+OUT
+OUT
-OUT
-OUT
+OUT
+OUT
-OUT
-OUT
A
B
6.93±.08
.273±.003
(2) PL.
B
4.20±.08
.165±.003
(2) PL.
.86
.034
PLATED THRU
.25 [.010]
ANNULAR RING
(4) PL.
MARKED 'D'
0
1.26±.08
.050±.003
(2) PL.
B
3.98±.08
.157±.003
(2) PL.
C
D
D
10.32±.08
.406±.003
(2) PL.
E
+OUT
+OUT
-OUT
-OUT
EN
TM
VCC
CM
+IN
-IN
B
1.37
.054
PLATED THRU
.25 [.010]
(2) PL.
MARKED 'C'
C
D
6.18±.08
.243±.003
(2) PL.
D
8.19±.08
.323±.003
(2) PL.
E
RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN
(COMPONENT SIDE)
1.63
.064
(2) PL.
MARKED 'C'
1.63
.064
(2) PL.
MARKED 'E'
0
1.12
.044
(4) PL.
MARKED 'D'
1.47±.08
.058±.003
(2) PL.
B
0
1.88
.074
(2) PL.
MARKED 'A'
1.24
.049
PLATED THRU
.25 [.010]
ANNULAR RING
(2) PL.
MARKED 'E'
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 22 of 24
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VTM48MP010x107AA1
Revision History
Revision
Date
Description
Page Number(s)
1.0
04/25/14
Initial Release
1.1
08/29/14
Typical Application and Timing Diagram
1.2
10/24/14
Updated standard product model
1.3
05/18/15
Updated Figure 1
6
1.4
08/12/15
Absolute Max Rating; +IN to IN; Max
4
n/a
2&9
1, 2, 3, 13, 23
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 23 of 24
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VTM48MP010x107AA1
Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and
accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom
power systems.
Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make
changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and
is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are
used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all
parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions
All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request.
Product Warranty
In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the
“Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment
and is not transferable.
UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS
ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH
RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, OR ANY OTHER MATTER.
This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. Vicor shall not be liable
for collateral or consequential damage. Vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes
no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using Vicor products and
components. Prior to using or distributing any products that include Vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and
operating safeguards.
Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact
Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be
returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the
product was defective within the terms of this warranty.
Life Support Policy
VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS
PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support
devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform
when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the
user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products
and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages.
Intellectual Property Notice
Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the
products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is
granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department.
The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers:
5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263;
7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965.
Vicor Corporation
25 Frontage Road
Andover, MA, USA 01810
Tel: 800-735-6200
Fax: 978-475-6715
email
Customer Service: [email protected]
Technical Support: [email protected]
VTM® Current Multiplier
Rev 1.4
vicorpower.com
Page 24 of 24
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